9/7/2016 ngSndrumsWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

ngSndrums
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

ngSndrums(alsocalledHegerTypeIdrums)arebronzedrums
fabricatedbythengSncultureintheRedRiverDeltaofnorthern
Vietnam.Thedrumswereproducedfromabout600BCEorearlieruntilthe
thirdcenturyCEandareoneoftheculture'sfinestexamplesof
metalworking.

Thedrums,castinbronzeusingthelostwaxcastingmethodareuptoa
meterinheightandweighupto100kilograms(220lb).ngSndrums
wereapparentlybothmusicalinstrumentsandcultobjects.Theyare
decoratedwithgeometricpatterns,scenesofdailylifeandwar,animalsand
birds,andboats.Thelatteralludestotheimportanceoftradetotheculture
inwhichtheyweremade,andthedrumsthemselvesbecameobjectsof DrumfromSng,Vietnam.Dong
tradeandheirlooms.Morethan200havebeenfound,acrossanareafrom SonIIculture.Mid1stmillennium
easternIndonesiatoVietnamandpartsofSouthernChina.[1] BCE.Bronze.

Contents
1 History
2 Appearances
3 Classification
4 Notabledrums
4.1 NgocLu
Closeupviewofdesignofatypical
4.2 HongHa
4.3 CoLoa ngSndrum
4.4 SongDa
4.5 Others
5 Moderncustoms
6 Seealso
7 Notes
8 References
9 Externallinks

History
Theearliestdrumfoundin1976existed2700yearsagoinWangjiabainYunnanChuxiongYiAutonomous
PrefectureChina.ItisclassifiedintothebiggerandheavierYuedrumsincludingtheDongSondrums,andthe
Diandrums,into8subtypes,purportedtobeinventedbyMaYuanandZhugeLiang.ButtheBookoftheLater
HansaidMameltthebronzedrumsseizedfromtherebelLcVitinJiaozhiintohorse.

ThediscoveryofngSndrumsinNewGuinea,isseenasproofoftradeconnectionsspanningatleastthepast
thousandyearsbetweenthisregionandthetechnologicallyadvancedsocietiesofJavaandChina.[2]

In1902,acollectionof165largebronzedrumswaspublishedbyF.Heger,whosubdividedthemintoa
classificationoffourtypes.[3]

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Appearances
Thedrumshaveasymmetricalappearancewiththreeparts:

thebarrel(upperbody)
thehead(toppart)
theleg(bottompart)

Thepatternsondrumsbeararealisticstyleandshowstiltedhouses,
dancingpeople,peoplepoundingrice,beatingdrumsandsailing,together
withanimalandbirds.ThescenesdepictdailylifeofancientVietand SitesofngSntypedrumfindings
reflecttheartistictalentandmind.Thedrumswereusedasmusical
instrumentsinfestivals,suchasprayersforrain,forgoodharvestand
rituals,suchasweddingsandfunerals,aswellascommandinarmy.They
werealsousedasfuneraryobjectsandsymbolofpoweroftribeleaders.

Classification
TheHeger1drumsoftheDongSonculturewereclassifiedanddivided
intofivegroupsbytheVietnamesescholarPhamHuyThongin1990,a
divisionthatimpliedachronologicalsuccession.Theearliest,groupA, ImageontheNgocLubronzedrum's
compriseesasetoflargeandintricateddecorateddrums.GroupBconsists surface,Vietnam
ofasmallerdrumswhichalmostuniversallyhaveagroupofwaterbirdsin
flightastheirkeymotifonthetympanumandthemantledesigns.GroupChasacentralpanelonthetympanum
madeupofarowofplumedwarriorsplacedinsideanotherpanelofwaterbirdsinflight.Toadslinethe
tympanum'sedgewhilethemantlewasdecoratedwitheitherpatternsinvolvingboatsorgeometricpatterns.[3]

Notabledrums
NgocLu

TheNgcLdrumisregardedasthemostimportantofthengSn
drums.Thedrumwasaccidentallydiscoveredin1893inHNamProvince,
southeastofHanoi,ratherthanduringaplannedexpedition.Incontrastto
mostotherdrumsofthengSn,thedrumheadbearsthreeconcentric
panelsdepictinganimalsorhumansinterleavedwithbandsofgeometricor
circularpatterns.Theinnermostpanelappearstobeaselfreferencing
depiction,asitisdecoratedwithpicturesofhumanswhoappeartobe
performingaceremonyinvolvingthedrumsthemselves.Othermusical
instrumentsandricegrowingandharvestingactivitiesarealsoshown.The
twoouterpanelsaredecoratedwithscenesofdeer,hornbillsandcrane
egrets.[4]

HongHa NgcLbronzedrum'ssurface,
Vietnam
TheHongHadrumisanotablengSndrum.[5]Itwasdiscoveredin
HaBnhProvincein1937nearthevillageofHongHa,withanouterpanelofcraneegretsandaninnerpanel
whichshowsaprocessionsimilartothatdescribedintheNgcLdrum,themostfamousofthengSn
drums.[5]Itdepictsfourfeatheredmenaredepictedwalkinginaline,brandishingspears,withtwomusiciansin
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tow.Apersonisdepictedstandingundertheeavesofahouse,beatinga
drumwhilethericefieldsareunattended,allowingabirdtoeatthericethat
wasintendedforthreshing.Theboatsdepictedonthemantleofthedrum
areverysimilar,withananalogouscleftprow,archerstandingonraised
platformandadrum.However,thedrumisdifferentfromtheNgocLu
druminthattheanimalisabsent.[5]

CoLoa

TheCLoadrumisanotablespecimen[5]showingaprocessionsimilarto
thatdescribedintheNgcLdrum.Thedrumonlyhastwowarriorswith
spears,incontrasttothatoftheNgcLdrum.Anotherdifferenceisthat
theensembleofpercussionistsconsistsofthreedrummers,withonedrum HongHabronzedrum'ssurface,
lyingundertheeavesofthehouse.Meanwhile,anextrapersonisdepicted Vietnam
inthericethreshingprocess.Thepersonhaslonghairandiswinnowing
grainintoabowl.Thepercussionensembleisalsodepicteddifferentlyin
thatthedrummersarenotalldrumminginsynchronisation.Twoofthe
drummersaredepictedmakingcontactwiththedrum,whiletheothertwo
drummershavetheirbatonsintheraisedposition.[5]

SongDa

TheSongDadrumisanotablespecimendiscoveredinHaSonBinhinthe
19thcentury.[6]Thedrumshowsaprocessionsimilartothatdescribedin
theNgcLdrum.Thisdrumvariesinthatitdepictsfoursetsofmenin
processionwithfeatheredheadgear,ratherthantwo.Also,eachset
comprisesthreeorfourpeoplenoneofwhomappeartobearmed.The CLoadrum'ssurface,Vietnam
postureofthemenwasinterpretedasthattheywereparticipatingina
danceratherthanamilitaryceremony.Inthisdrum,onlyonepairofpeople
aredepictedasthreshingrice,andthereisnocymbalplayer.However,thegeneralmotifs,suchastheboatsonthe
mantle,remaininplace.[6]

Others

TheQuangXuongdrumfromThanhHaProvinceisanother
specimen,whichisbelievedtobepossiblylaterinorigin.
However,thedrumissmallerandtheimagesareharderto
interpret.[3]

LargedrumsfoundinnorthernVietnamweregenerallyinthe
minority,asmostdrumshavesimpledecorationswithfewer
representationsofpeople.TheBanThomdrumhasonlyan
innerpanelwithfourhousesandplumedhumansstanding
aloneorincouples.[3]

Moderncustoms
Smallsizedbronzedrums
ZhuangpeopleinYunnanpracticeningdongwine,ningdong
music,etc.TheningdongsusedbythemhavesamedecorationwithDongSondrums.[7]
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Seealso
Mokodrum

Notes
1.Heidhues,MarySomers(2000).SoutheastAsia:A 3.Higham,p.128.
ConciseHistory.London:ThamesandHudson.pp.19 4.Higham,p.124.
20. 5.Higham,p.126.
2.Diamond,Jared(1997).Guns,Germs,andSteelThe 6.Higham,p.127.
FateofHumanSocieties.NewYork:W.W.Norton& 7."Ningdong".NdeiLaiBiengzRaeuz.Season1.CNTV.
Co.p.307.ISBN0393038912.
3.Higham,p.128.
References
Higham,Charles(1996).TheBronzeAgeofSoutheastAsia.CambridgeWorldArchaeology.ISBN0521
565057.

Externallinks
ThePresentEchoesoftheAncientBronzeDrum(http://www.hawaii.
WikimediaCommonshas
edu/cseas/pubs/explore/han.html)byHanXiaorong(Universityof
mediarelatedtoDongSon
Hawaii) bronzedrums.
MeaningoftheNgocLubronzedrum'ssurface(http://.thuvienkhoah
oc.com/wiki/_ngha_nhng_hnh_v_trn_b_mt_trng_ng_Ngc_L)
DongSonculture(http://www.flickr.com/photos/doremon360/sets/72157602097553987/)(Photocollection)
PageattheMetropolitanMuseumofArt(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/05/sse/hod_2000.284.57.htm)

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Categories: DongSonbronzedrums Drums ngSnculture Vietnamesemusicalinstruments

Vietnamesebronzeware Vietnameseinventions ArchaeologyofVietnam Archaeologicalartifacts
AncientVietnam BronzeAgeAsia 1stmillenniumBCinVietnam

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