A.

STANDARDS-BASED ASSESSMENT
1. THE ROLE OF STANDARDS IN STANDARIZED TESTS
: tes yang mengandaikan tujuan standard atau kinerja tertentu sebagai tolak ukur
atau standard dalam bentuk tes yang standarnya telah ditentukan.
2. STANDARDS-BASED EDUCATION
Ini dilakukan untuk melihat tingkat kemahiran dan sebagai tolak ukur kinerja
siswa. Juga menetapkan standar untuk isi pengajaran sekolah kemudian
melakukan pengujian skala besar untuk menguji pencapaian standar-standard
tersebut.
3. DESIGNING ENGLISH LANGUAGE STANDARDS
Proses merancang dan melakukan tinjauan terhadap bahasa inggris itu melibatkan :
dozens of curriculum and assessment specialist, teachers and researchers
A Number of Domains :
Categories of language : like phonology,discourse,sosiolinguistic etc
Studentss need : fo succeeding in their academic and social development.
Number and scope of standards
Set of standards for teachers : like qualifications,expertise,training.
Means available :
4. STANDARDS-BASED ASSESSMENT
- In STANDARDS-BASED ASSESSMENT is not only developing standards
but also creating STANDARDS-BASED ASSESSMENT
- And then STANDARDS-BASED ASSESSMENt implies the responsibility
for correctly assessing their attainment.
5. CASAS and SCANS
The Comprehensive Adult Student Assessment System (CASAS)
- Mencakup lebih dari 80 standard yang digunakan dalam program
- Mendiagnosa kebutuhan peserta didik
- Memantau kemajuan siswa
- Instrument-instrument CASAS digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan
(functional reading, writing, listening, speaking skills, as well as higher-order
thinking skills.
The Secretarys Commission in Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS)
- The competencies cover language functions in terms of standards :
- Resources : like allocating time,material etc
- Interpersonal skills, team work,
- Information Processing, evaluating data etc
- Systems : understanding social and organizational systems
- Technology use and application.
Teacher Standard
That is standard for teaching, guru dapat menunjukkan standar dalam
pengajaran mereka.
The importance of teacher standard :
- Linguistics and language development
 - Culture and the interrelationship between language and culture
- Planning and managing instruction

6. THE CONSEQUENCES OF STANDARDS-BASED AND STANDARDIZED

TESTING
STANDARDS-BASED
- Mempersempit kurikulum
- Mendorong pengajaran kearah yang lebih rendah
- Tidak memperbaiki prestasi siswa namun melarang beberapa siswa membuat
kemajuan.
STANDARDIZED TESTING
- Prosedur yang valid untuk menilai individu dalam kehidupan.
- Consequences positive : tingkat kepraktisan
- Tingkat keandalan yang tinggi dan sering didukung oleh studi validitas yang
mengesan.
Test Bias
- Test yang berusaha adil dan tidak bias atau cara yang adil untuk semua
pengambil test. Regardless religion,identity,gender etc
Test Driven Learning and Teaching
7. ETHICAL ISSUES : CRITICAL LANGUAGE TESTING

STANDARDIZED TESTING
1. THE ROLE OF STANDARDS IN STANDARIZED TESTS
: A test that presupposes a certain standard or performance objective as a benchmark
or standard in the form of a test with a predetermined standard.
2. STANDARD-BASED EDUCATION
This is done to see the level of proficiency and as a benchmark of student
performance. Also standard in the
3. DESIGNING ENGLISH STANDARDS
The process of designing and conducting a review of the English language standard
that involves: dozens of curriculum and assessment specialists, teachers and
researchers
A Number of Domains:
- Categories of language : like phonology,discourse,sosiolinguistic etc
- Studentss need : fo succeeding in their academic and social development.
- Number and scope of standards
- Set of standards for teachers : like qualifications,expertise,training.
- Means available
4. STANDARD BASED ASSESSMENT
- In STANDARD-Based Assessment not only develops standards but also creates
STANDARD-BASED ASSESSMENT
- And then STANDARDS-BASED ASSESSMENt implies the responsibility for
correctly assessing their attainment..
5. CASAS and SCANS
Comprehensive Adult Student Assessment System (CASAS)
- Includes more than 80 standards used in the program
- Diagnose the needs of learners
- Monitor student progress
- CASAS instruments are used to measure the ability (reading, writing,
listening,
speaking, and high-order thinking skills).
Secretary Commission in Reaching Necessary Skills (SCANS)
- Competence includes language functions in terms of standards:
- Source: like allocating time, material etc.
- Interpersonal skills, teamwork,
- Information processing, data evaluation etc.
- System: understand social systems and organizations
- Use and application of technology.

Teacher Standards
That's standard for teaching, teachers can show the standard in their teaching.
The importance of teacher standard :
- Linguistics and language development
- Culture and the interrelationship between language and culture
- Planning and managing instruction
6. THE CONSEQUENCES OF STANDARDS-BASED AND STANDARDIZED
TESTING
STANDARD-BASED
- Narrow the curriculum
- Pushing towards the lower
- not improving student achievement, but prohibited some students to makes
progress
STANDARDIZED TESTING
- Procedures that apply to assess individuals in life.
- The consequences are positive: the level of practicality
- A high level of reliability and often supported by impressive studies of validity.

Bias Test
- Test that tries fair and unbiased or fair way for all the tests. Whether religion,
identity, gender and so on
Test Driven Learning and Teaching
- In such situation, when the students know one single measure of performance
will determine their lives. They may increase a negative attitude towards
learning.
- Both teachers and learners just focus on high performances in such and do
anything to pass that exam (test-driven policy)
7. . ETHICAL ISSUES: CRITICAL LANGUAGE TEACHING
 STANDARDIZED TESTING
- A good standardlized test is the product of a througout process of empirical
research and development.
- To measure students mastery of standardsor competencies.
Characteristics of a standarized test
standard-based
product of research and development
systematic scoring and administration procedures
norm-referenced
1. ADVANTAGES AND DISANVANTAGES OF STANDARDIZED TESTS
a. ADVANTAGES
- readily available product : ready-made, validated product that frees the teacher
from having spends hours to creat a test
- easily administered to large groups : administration to large groups can be
accomplished within reasonable time limits.
- streamlined scoring and reporting procedures : ex in multiple choice formats
- a previously validated product (in many case)
b. DISANVANTAGES
- possibly inappropriate use of such tests. Eg : using an overall profiency test as
an achievement test.
- inderect testing may not elicit a good sample of performance : the potential
misunderstanding of the differences between direct and indirect testing.
- multiple-choice formats have the appearance of authority

2. DEVELOPING A STANDARDIZED TESTS

- Determine the purpose and objectives of the test : eg : like the purposes
TOEFL test, to evaluate the English profiency of people whose native
language is not english.
- Design test specifications : decisions need to be made on how to goabout
designing the specifications of the test. Before spech can be adressed,a
comprehensive programof research must identify a set of coonstruct
underlying the test itself.
- Design, select, and arrange test tasks/items : once specs for a standardized test
have been stipulated, sometimes neverending task of Designing, selecting,
and arranging test tasks/items. The specs act much like a blue print in
determining the number and types of items tobe created.
- Make appropriate evaluations of different kinds of items
- Specify scoring procedures and reporting formats : to conform to an axpeced
difficulty level. That the result can be scored accurately,efficiently and
reported back to test takers
- Perform ongoing construct validation studies :
STANDARDIZED LANGUAGE PROFIENCY TESTING : such as
TOEFL,MELAB,IELTS,TOEIC