NUL... When we hear the term “Islamophobia,” many imagine hate crimes, employment discrimination, and school bullies. But interpersonal and institutional targeting of Muslims result in large part from structural poli- ties, practices and discourse that treat Muslims as suspects. While overt interpersonal manifestations of anti- Muslim bigotry increased during and following the 2016 presidential election, policies and practices that en- courage bullying and hate crimes have operated for years — often with little public attention, though their im= pacts are well-known in Muslim communities. They also promote internalized racism. Policies and practices that target predominantly Muslim communities are coupled with political rhetoric — often mainstream — that portrays Muslims as meriting special scrutiny in the interests of national security. Though targeting of Muslims through US. government policy has occurred for many decades, “War on Terror” policies and practices have worsened this targeting.' Examples of such current policies and practices include: + Unconstitutional delays and denials of Muslim citizenship and immigration applications under a formal U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) program known as CARRP? ‘+ Unconstitutional border interrogations of Muslims and individuals returning from Muslim majority countries _ regarding religious and political beliefs and associations.? + FBI/Joint Terorism Task Force fishing expeditions in Muslim communities, often resulting in eoereion on _ individuals to act as informants against law-abiding associates.* + Widespread use of informants (over 15,000 registered Muslim informants as of 2011), including in mosques and Muslim Student Associations, disrupting religious practice and student activism and political engagement.s 'See, e.g, The Daily Beast, Anti-Muslim School Bullying: Sometimes, ‘Washington Post, Anti-Muslim Crimes Are Still Five Times More Com ® See Basim Usmani, (Boston Globe), A M Supra, note 4. 4 See See, e.g,, The Intercept, R 5 See The Guardian, The Ex- Colorlines, Muslim Students FBI’ Informant Numbers Soarrercion to pressure Muslims, individuals have been added to ting without due process — again, often used as s to, certain employment. 12, to act as informants.6 Hundreds of thousands of i difficulties traveling and loss of, or bar ‘individuals with mental illness or who are developmental disabled « Widespread terrorist wate suspected of no wrongdoin terrorist watcblists, resulting for many in + Entrapment and prosecution, particularly of and/or financially destitute.” > Unconstitutional “material support” prosecutions 0 «The “Countering Violent Extremism” or “CVE” campaign whic) teachers and mental health counselors to assess clients/patients/stud extremism.”2In the UK, where CVE has been deployed for over & as forced social services professionals to engage in surveillance, veled use of health and other social services. Donald Trump will likely rename the pro: focused on Muslims, “Countering Radical Islamic Extremism” or something similar. Executive Director, MJL: swakee!@muslimjusticeleague.ore policies and programs that threaten For more information, see also MIL’ regularly updated Reading List on at hitps:/www.musliny usticeleague, org/reading-list/ ‘human and civil rights under national security pretexts, .f Muslims’ First Amendment-protected activity.® sn encourages helping professionals such as ents, etc, for signs of “vulnerability” to decade under the name PREVENT," the institutionalized bullying and yeram, which already Questions? Contact: Shannon Al-Wakeel, © See The Washington Post, Why the No-Fly Lis : Coll Life onthe ere /o-Fly List Was Declared Unconstitutional, Jun. 25, 2014; ACLU Infographic, 7 See Trevor Aaronson, The Terror Fi ae ‘actory (2013); The Intercept, 18-Year-Old Arrested on Terrorism Charges is Mentally 5 See Rachel Levinson-Waldman (Brennan tice Cent ir quences for Us All, May 15, ioe ter for Justice), The Narrowing of Tarek Mehanna's Liberties Has Conse- °See De. Wes Boyd and Dr. Alice LoCicero (P oe Pies 2 holo (CHE) Prgrans, 19,2016. Se ao Sea a as Sonia pie Barents = anEEaetat is jr ansinjsileague orl Breanan Center fr hostico, Cajal ol roe ae oa ail a wel avaible a hp: remanceneroanaysvve programs Tele al ioe Extremism afm approche enforcement, availabl : z 2, :/wwww.caimn.com/civil-tights/eve toolkit ¢/ ssn Serilanes by Ohesanora Program, Mer 6a '° See Dr. Derek Summerfield, Mandating Docto J. Psychiatry, Feb. 11, 2016; The Guards 2016. See, Arun Kundnani, A Decade ot Re