Direction of Development

for Next Generation Vehicles

Fuels and Lubricants Committee

Japan Automobile Manufactures Association

Kazuhisa MOGI

 Surroundings of Automobiles

Three major issues : Energy, CO2 reduction, Air quality

Air Quality
Global Warming Energy
CO2 reduction

CO2

Emissions
Energy

Issues of Development for Future Vehicles

CO2 reduction Emissions

Fuel economy

Gasoline Vehicles

Diesel Vehicles

 Regulation of CO2 in EU
Trend and Target of CO2 in European Market

190 JAMA

KAMA
179
180


CO2 (g/km)

168
170 16
16


160 1
ACEA

150

140
Target
Target
130
Regulation
2000 2005 2008 2012
Year
 Regulation of Fuel Efficiency in Japan
Average Passenger Car Fuel Efficiency in Japan
Japan modekm/L
20
18.6
Fuel efficiency (km/L)

18 2015 standard level

16.2
16
14.5

2010 standard level

14

12

10
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year

Overview of 2015 Fuel Efficiency Standard

Fuel efficiency
improvement rate
Type of 2004 2015
compared to
vehicle Performance value Estimated value
performance in
2004
Passenger
13.6 (km/L) 16.8 (km/L) 23.5%
car

Microbus 8.3 (km/L) 8.9 (km/L) 7.2%

Small freight
13.5 (km/L) 15.2 (km/L) 12.6%
vehicle
*Values from mode

Passenger car Microbus Small truck Mini-van

 Changes of CO2 emissions
in Japans Transport Sector
CO2 (million tons)
Introducing of High efficiency vehicles
270
268
265 264 266 265 264
263 262 262
260
258 257
254 Kyoto protocol target
250 250 249 250

240
238
233
230 229

220
217
210

200
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Preliminary
Year

Main Fuel Efficiency Improvement Technologies
Engine improvements
(1)
- Improved thermal efficiency
Combustion system
(direct injection, lean burn, etc.)
High volume EGR
Ignition system improvement
Turbocharger added
I Variable valve mechanism
Variable compression ratio
- Reduced friction loss
Roller cam follower
Reduced piston/ring friction
Friction reducing engine oil
Cylinder deactivation (variable cylinder)

Accessory drive improvements

- Optimized accessory drive
II Charging control, electric power steering

Main Fuel Efficiency Improvement Technologies
Drive train improvements
(2) Other improvements
- Expanded lock-up area - Idle stop
- Reduced friction loss - Coolant heat storage system
- AT neutral control
III - Electric 4-wheel drive
- Rationalized operating range
(Increased number of gear, CVT , etc.)
- Hybrid
- Automatic MT CVT

Driving energy reduction

- Reduced air resistance (improved body shape)
- Reduced rolling resistance (low rolling resistance tires, reduced weight)
IV - Vehicle weight reduction
(weight reduction in all parts, wider use of lightweight materials,
improved body structure)

 Approach for Next Generation Vehicles
The next generation vehicles include the car that uses electricity
and alternative fuel.
Next generation vehicles are important for improvement of fuel economy
and expected as means of great CO2 reduction in the future.
Issues are cost and performance of vehicles, and infrastructure of fuel
(energy) delivery.

HEV EV
Plug-in HEV

Biofuel
FCV

CNGV Clean Diesel Hydrogen Vehicle

Now Future

About The Next-Generation Vehicle
and Fuel Initiative

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Manufacturing Industries Bureau
Automobile Division

 Integrated Approach for CO2 Emissions Reduction
Improving
Improvingthe
thefuel
fuelefficiency
efficiencyof ofvehicles
vehiclesalone
aloneisisnot
notenough
enoughto toconserve
conserveenergy
energy
and reduce CO2 emissions in the road transport sector. It is essential
and reduce CO2 emissions in the road transport sector. It is essential to implement to implement
an
anintegrated
integratedapproach,
approach,including
includingthethedevelopment
developmentof ofalternative
alternativefuels
fuels(e.g.
(e.g.
biofuels),
biofuels),government-led
government-ledimprovements
improvementsinintransportation
transportationinfrastructures
infrastructuresand
and
effective
effectiveuse
useofofvehicles,
vehicles,while
whileconsidering
consideringcompatibility
compatibilitywith
witheconomical
economicalgrowth.
growth.
Collaboration
Collaborationof ofall
allstakeholders
stakeholderswho whomake
maketheir
theirbest
bestefforts
effortswithin
withintheir
their
responsibility
responsibilityisisindispensable.
indispensable.
Government
Automakers Fuel suppliers
Government (fuel Automakers
efficiency standards, (Biofuel, etc.)
Improvement in Diversification of
incentive, etc.)
Fuel Efficiency Automotive
Fuels Fleet operators
Vehicle users
Government Government
Effective
(ITS, upgrading road (Eco-driving, car
Improvement in Utilization of
infrastructures, Traffic Flow Motor sharing, efficient
minimizing on-street Vehicles truck transport,
parking, etc.) modal shifts to
cargo trains, etc.)

 The Next-Generation Vehicle and Fuel Initiatives

The
Theautomotive
automotiveindustry,
industry,oil
oilindustry
industryand
andthe
theMinistry
Ministryof
ofEconomy,
Economy,Trade
Tradeand
and
Industry
Industryhave
haveestablished
establishedaacomprehensive
comprehensivestrategy.
strategy.

Five Strategies to Achieve: Three Innovations

(1) Batteries
(2) Hydrogen / fuel cells Automobile
(3) Clean diesel
Fuel
(4) Biofuels
(5) Friendliest motorized society Infrastructure

A cutting-edge vision to pursue energy security, environmental

protection and competitiveness simultaneously

 The Next-Generation Vehicle and Fuel Initiatives

(1) Battery

Basic technology common to future automobile energy

Technology development project for next-generation batteries
The issues are battery performance and cost.

<Electric vehicles> <Plug-in hybrid vehicles>

<Reference> Issues of next generation battery

Current performance (Li-ion battery)
Driving distance:100150km
Sales price of EV:46 million yen
Lifetime of battery:several years
Target of battery development (METI)
Performance (energy density):seven times
cost:four tenth (1/40)
against the current performance
( It is required to develop the innovative
technology.)
 Roadmap for Battery Development

Current Status - 2010 - 2020 - 2030

performance and decline in cost

Improvement of battery
[Electric vehicle (EV)] [More efficient compact EV]
Test car [Compact EV]
[Standard-sized EV]

200 km mileage per

1/5 cost
3 times battery performance,
Zero CO2 emission Placed on the market in 2010

performance, 1/4 cost

2 times battery
Short mileage 130 km mileage per one charge one charge
Target price is 3 million yen Target price is 2 million
0.2 billion yen per EV
yen 500 km mileage
[The first PRIUS] [High performance HV] [Plug-in HV] per one charge
Target price is 3
million yen

Placed on the market in Placed on the market in 2007 Target to place on the
1997 Target CO2 emission is 1/2 market in around 2015
2/3 CO2 emission Rechargeable HV
1/3 CO2 emission

Action Program
Start of R&D project for next-generation vehicle batteries
Establishment of the system for battery-charger stands and to secure
safety

 The Next-Generation Vehicle and Fuel Initiatives

(2) Hydrogen / Fuel cell

The cleanest energy of all in the long run

The issues are lighter hydrogen tanks and longer life fuel cells.
Hydrogen cars are important as a step to a fuel cell and hydrogen society.

<Hydrogen vehicle> <Fuel-cell vehicle>

 Roadmap for Hydrogen / Fuel cell vehicle

Current Status - 2010 - 2020 - 2030

[The first FCX] [fuel cell vehicle] [Next-generation [Next-next-generation

Weight saving of hydrogen tank

Extension of fuel cell life

fuel cell vehicle] fuel cell vehicle]

Zero CO2 emission Limited sale in 2008

1.5 times fuel cell life, 1/4 cost

1.5 times fuel cell life, 1/5 cost
Started lease sales in 570 km mileage
2002 (10 million yen per Seating capacity is 4 Further lower price
Further lower
year)
price
Short mileage (300 km)
Actual seating capacity
is 2 [Hydrogen vehicle]

Started lease sales in 2006

(5 million yen per year)
Can run on gasoline as well

Action Program
Enhancement of R&D for fuel cells
Establishment of hydrogen infrastructure

 The Next-Generation Vehicle and Fuel Initiatives

(3) Clean diesel

Better fuel efficiency than gasoline vehicles by about 20%.

Advantages of the worlds cleanest diesel oil, produced in Japan, can be used.
The issue is to develop low-cost exhaust gas purification technology.
An important means to bridge GTL and various other fuels.

<Clean diesel passenger car>

 Roadmap for Clean Diesel

Current Status - 2010 - 2020 - 2030

gas purification technology

Establishment of low-cost exhaust-
[Old-generation diesel] Sales of the cleanest gas oil [Clean diesel vehicle]
Evolution for diesel hybrid

Placed on the market in

3/4 CO2 emission
2010 Biodiesel, GTL, etc. are acceptable
Problem with
Emission performance as
emission
high as gasoline vehicle
performance
3/4 CO2 emission

Action Program

Establishing the clean diesel popularization and promotion strategy

 The Next-Generation Vehicle and Fuel Initiatives

(4) Biofuel

Effective for reducing CO2 emissions as an alternative fuel to petroleum,

Assessing the optimum amount of use is important.
Biotechnology using cellulose, uncompetitive with food, is to be developed.

 Roadmap for Biofuel

Current Status - 2010 - 2020 - 2030

[Cellulosic bio-ethanol]
[Grain-type bio-ethanol] [Biogasoline] (straw, stubs and branches after logging)

with food, cost reduction

Solution of competition
(corn, sugarcane)

Targeted production cost

[Second-generation
improvement
Quality

[Biodiesel] 2015: 100/lit. [Biomass Nippon]

biodiesel] (Remaining materials of lumber mill, straw, etc.)
[Biomass Nippon]
40/lit. [Case of technological innovation]
(Energy recovery 35%)
2020: 100/lit. [Biomass Nippon]
(Remaining materials in the forests, resource
farm products , etc.)

40/lit. [Case of technological innovation]

(Energy recovery 35%)

Action Program
Establishment of the biofuel technology innovation plan
Establishment of the system for quality and fair tax collection

 The Next-Generation Vehicle and Fuel Initiatives

(5) Worlds friendliest motorized society

Establishment of a next-generation, congestion-free motorized society

using IT.

 Roadmap for Friendliest Motorized Society
Current Status - 2010 - 2020 - 2030

the cities with good infrastructure and on expressways

Verification of personal vehicles and driving in ranks in
Development of automatic driving and IT technology
[Environment-friendly electric
personal vehicle] [Urban transportation
innovation]

Double the average speed in urban areas

[Traffic congestion]

Lane for slow
vehicles

[Technologies for automatic driving

and driving in ranks by using IT]
Lane for
Average speed
convoys
Tokyo: 18 km/h [Distribution innovation]
Paris: 26 km/h
[Networking for automobiles]

(Precise traffic information can be

provided)

Action Program
Model-city and model-roads project that combines automobile technology, IT,
infrastructure
 Summary
Current Status
Gasoline vehicles and diesel trucks occupy 100%, and depend on oil fuel.
Congestion in traffic infrastructure in cities

Execution of the Next Generation Vehicle and Fuel Initiative

Realization of innovation by collecting Japanese technological strength
Industry collaboration Government collaboration Industry-government-academia Collaboration

Standard -sized Next-next generation Biofuel such World fs most friendly

High-performance
electric vehicle fuel cell vehicle as biogasoline motorized society without
hybrid vehicle
traffic congestion

CO 2 emission 3%
CO 2 emission 1/2 CO 2 emission 3/4 CO 2 emission 2/3 * Equivalent to 3% CO 2 emission 10%
bio-ethanol mixture

The world The Next Generation Vehicle and Fuel Initiative targets in 2030
80% oil dependence in transport sector
30% improvement of energy efficiency

Reduction of CO2 in the world using Japanese technology, by developing the result of innovations

Thank you for your attention !