Demystification of European Standards DR Colin Young SAPCA

Demystification of European
Standards
Author: Dr C Young
SAPCA Technical and Training Manger
Venue: ASBA Technical Meeting
Astor Crowne Plaza, New Orleans
Date: Tuesday 9th December 2008
Demystification of European Standards
European Structure and Politics
The EU was established in 1993 after the Maastricht Treat (from

the previous European Economic Committee)
Approximately 500 million people
27 member states (and growing)
Single market (standardised laws, common trade policy, etc)
CEN was formed to harmonize standards
Demystification of European Standards Slide 2 of 42

Section: Background 9th December 2008
What is CEN?
The European Committee for Standardization or Comit Europen

de Normalisation (CEN)
CEN produces EN standards
Private non-profit organisation formed in 1961
Aim to foster the European economy in global trading, the

welfare of European citizens and the environment by providing an
efficient infrastructure to interested parties for the development,
maintenance and distribution of coherent sets of standards and
specifications

What is CEN (cont.)?

The current members of CEN are:
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
There are also affiliate and partner members including:

Albania, Croatia, the FYROM, Turkey, Australia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Egypt, Moldova, Russia, Serbia, Tunisia and Ukraine.

Current Members of CEN

CEN Regulations
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN internal
regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving each standard
the status of a national standard without any alterations.
Deviations would be accepted only if national legislation requires

them or the CEN TC gives special permission.
Conflicting national standards are required to be withdrawn (DIN,

BS, etc)
Standards are prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the

European Commission and the European Frees Trade Association.

Technical Committee: CEN/TC 217

Surfaces For Sports Areas (CEN/TC 217)
Formed in 1988
Within the TC there have been many different working groups

including:
surfaces of sports halls, turf areas, unbound mineral surfaces,

synthetic surfaces & synthetic turf areas.

Section: CEN/TC 217 9th December 2008

The committee aimed to produce performance-based standards
from the perspective of the user, the surface and its construction.
Establish European standards for sports surfaces to allow the free

movement of goods and services across the European Community
and EFTA countries.
When possible CEN/TC 217 sought to refer to existing ISO and

CEN standards.


The harmonisation of existing/replaced national standards has
taken 20 years to date.
There have been many political and geographical obstacles during

the process.
As things currently stand most of the hard work has been done
and the new standards should have been published and endorsed
by each national member.

New EN Standards
EN 14904:2006
Surfaces for sports areas Indoor surfaces for multi-sports use
Specification
EN 15330-1:2007
Surfaces for sports areas Synthetic turf and needle-punched
surfaces primarily designed for outdoor use Specification for
Synthetic Turf

Section: New Standards 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Surface for sports areas - Indoor
This European Standard specifies requirements for surfaces for

indoor facilities for multi-sports use. It also covers surface systems
which include both their supporting and upper layers whether
prefabricated, produced in situ or a combination of the two.
Split into 3 main parts:
Requirements for safety in use
Technical requirements
Evaluation of conformity

Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Terms and definitions

Facilities for multi-sports use
Sports halls where more than one sport is played on the surface, e.g. handball, basketball, volleyball, five-
aside football, and which may also be used for physical education and other sporting activities
Area-elastic sports floor

Sports floor, to which the application of a point force causes deflection over a relatively large area around the
point of application of the force
Point-elastic sports floor

Sports floor, to which the application of a point force causes deflection only at or close to the point of
application of the force
Combined-elastic sports floor

Area-elastic sports floor with a point-elastic top layer, to which the application of a point force causes both
localized deflection and deflection over a wider area
Mixed-elastic sports floor

Point-elastic sports floor with a synthetic area-stiffening component

EN 14904: Terms and definitions
Area-elastic sports floor
Point-elastic sports floor

EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use

Sports surfaces undergo a complex reaction when subjected to dynamic loading. The desired
components of the interaction are deformation under load, the ability to absorb impact, and the
energy restitution of the impact, i.e. the amount of energy returned to a sports-person from the
surface on which he/she is performing.
The ability of a surface to absorb an impact is an important safety feature of a sports surface.
Values specified are, therefore, inevitably a compromise between these fundamental
characteristics. Sports surfaces react differently under different temperatures and strain rates;
they become harder at low temperatures and softer at high temperatures.
An important requirement for safety and sports performance is for there to be sufficient grip
between the footwear of the athlete and the sports surface. Insufficient grip can result in the
athlete slipping on the surface; too much grip can place unacceptable stress on joints and
muscle ligaments.

Friction (EN 13036-4)
Between 80 and 110

Shock Absorption
(EN 14808)
Between 25 75 %


Shock Absorption (EN 14808)

Vertical Deformation
(EN 14809)
Not more than 5 mm

Vertical Deformation (EN 14809)

EN 14904: Technical Requirements
Vertical Ball Rebound

(EN 12235)
90 % of concrete

Resistance to a rolling load

(EN 1569)
Indent to a maximum
of 0.5 mm with a
3 metre straight edge

Other Tests Include:

Resistance to wear (EN ISO 5470-1)
Reaction to fire (EN 13238)
Formaldehyde emission (EN 717-1 & EN 717-2)
Content of pentachlorophenol (PCP) (EN 12637)
Specular reflectance (EN 13745)
Specular gloss (EN ISO 2813)
Resistance to indentation (EN 1516)
Resistance to impact (EN 1517)
Degree of evenness (EN 13036-7)

EN 14904: Normative References
1. EN 717-1, Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method
2. EN 717-2, Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 2: Formaldehyde release by the gas analysis method
3. EN 1516, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of resistance to indentation
4. EN 1517, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of resistance to impact
5. EN 1569, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of the behaviour under a rolling load
6. EN 12235, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of vertical ball behaviour
7. EN 12673, Water quality - Gas chromatographic determination of some selected chlorophenols in water
8. EN 13036-4, Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 4: Method for measurement of slip/skid resistance of a
surface - The pendulum test
9. EN 13036-7, Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 7: Irregularity measurement of pavement courses - the
straightedge test
10. EN 13238, Reaction to fire tests for building products - Conditioning procedures and general rules for selection of substrates
11. EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 1: Classification using test data from reaction to
fire tests
12. EN 13745, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of specular reflectance
13. EN 14808, Surfaces for sports areas Determination of shock absorption
14. EN 14809, Surfaces for sports areas Determination of vertical deformation
15. EN ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes - Measurement of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 , 60 and 85 (ISO 2813:1994,
including Technical Corrigendum 1:1997)
16. EN ISO 5470-1, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics - Determination of abrasion resistance - Part 1: Taber abrader (ISO 5470-1:1999)
17. ISO 1957, Machine-made textile floor coverings - Selection and cutting of specimens for physical tests
18. ISO 11379, Textile floor coverings - Laboratory cleaning procedure using spray extraction

EN 15330: Surfaces for Sports Areas

Specification for Synthetic Turf
This European Standard specifies performance and durability
characteristics for synthetic turf sports surfaces used primarily outdoors.
Five categories of surface are covered, each based on the principal
sporting use of the surface, as follows:
surfaces designed primarily for hockey;

surfaces designed primarily for association football;
surfaces designed primarily for rugby union for training purposes;
surfaces designed primarily for tennis; and
surfaces designed for multi-sports use.

EN 15330: Surfaces for Sports Areas

Specification for Synthetic Turf
The requirements are intended to apply to surfaces used for community,
educational and recreational sport. For professional and elite levels of
competition, many sports governing bodies have published their own
specifications; the requirements of the sports governing bodies might differ
from those detailed in this European Standard and facility developers are
advised to ensure that they select surfaces offering the correct level of
performance for the level of competition played on the pitch or court.

EN 15330: Terms and Definitions

Synthetic turf surface
Sports surface comprised of a carpet of tufted, knitted or woven construction whose
pile is designed to replicate the appearance of natural grass
Non-filled synthetic turf

Synthetic turf surface that does not contain any form of unbound particulate fill
within the pile of the carpet
Filled synthetic turf

Synthetic turf surface whose pile is either totally filled or partly filled with an unbound
particulate material. (NOTE typically sand, rubber or sand and rubber mixes)
Surface for multi-sports

Synthetic turf surface designed to be used for more than one sport

EN 15330: Performance Tests
Ball Roll
Vertical Ball Rebound
Shock Absorption
Vertical Deformation
Rotational Resistance
Critical Fall Height
Angled Ball Behaviour
Slip Resistance


Ball Roll (EN 12234)


Vertical Ball Rebound (EN 12235)


Shock Absorption (EN 14808)


Vertical Deformation (EN 14809)


Rotational Resistance (15301-1)
Used for all sports except tennis.
The limits and studs vary for each

sport.
Normal range is between 20 to 50 Nm


Critical Fall Height (EN 1177)
Currently only used for Rugby


Angled Ball Behaviour (13865)
Currently only used for tennis, rates the pace of a court


Slip Resistance (13036-4)
Currently only used for tennis

EN 15330: Other Tests
Resistance to simulated
use (EN 15306)
Tensile properties of
carpet (EN ISO 13934-1)

EN 15330: Other Tests
Resistance to artificial weathering (EN 20105-A02)
Water permeability (EN 12616)
Joint strength (EN 12228)
Abrasion resistance of non-filled surfaces (EN 13672)

EN 15330: Normative References

1. EN 430, Resilient floor coverings Determination of mass per unit area
2. EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution Sieving method
3. EN 1097-3, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 3: Determination of loose bulk density and voids
4. EN 1177, Impact absorbing playground surfacing Safety requirements and test methods
5. EN 1969, Surfaces for sports areas Determination of thickness of synthetic sports surfaces
6. EN 12230, Surfaces for sports areas Determination of tensile properties of synthetic sports surfaces
7. EN 12235, Surfaces for sports areas Determination of vertical ball behaviour
8. EN 12228:2002, Surfaces for sports areas Determination of joint strength of synthetic surfaces
9. EN 12229, Surfaces for sports areas Procedure for the preparation of synthetic turf and needle-punch test pieces
10. EN 12234, Surfaces for sports areas Determination of ball roll behaviour
11. EN 12616, Surfaces for sports areas Determination of water infiltration rate
12. EN 13036-4:2003, Road and airfield surface characteristics Test methods Part 4: Method for measurement of slip/skid resistance
of a surface The pendulum test
13. EN 13036-7, Road and airfield surface characteristics Test methods Part 7: Irregularity measurement of pavement courses: the
straightedge test
14. EN 13672, Surfaces for sports areas Determination of resistance to abrasion of non-filled synthetic turf
15. EN 13744, Surfaces for sports areas Procedure for accelerated ageing by immersion in hot water
16. EN 13864, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of tensile strength of synthetic yarns
17. EN 13865, Surfaces for sports areas Determination of angled ball behaviour Tennis
18. EN 14808, Surfaces for sports areas Determination of shock absorption
19. EN 14809, Surfaces for sports areas Determination of vertical deformation
20. EN 14836, Synthetic surfaces for outdoor sports areas - Exposure to artificial weathering

EN 15330: Normative References (cont.)

21. EN 14955, Surfaces for sports areas Determination of composition and particle shape of unbound mineral surfaces for outdoor
sports areas
22. EN 15301-1, Surfaces for sports areas Part 1: Determination of rotational resistance
23. EN 15306, Surfaces for outdoor sports areas Exposure of synthetic turf to simulated wear
24. EN 20105-A02, Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour (ISO 105-A02:1993)
25. EN ISO 13934-1, Textiles Tensile properties of fabrics Part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force
using the strip method (ISO 13934-1:1999)
26. ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD)
27. ISO 1763, Carpets Determination of number of tufts and/or loops per unit length and per unit area
28. ISO 2549, Textile floor coverings Hand-knotted carpets Determination of tuft leg length above the woven ground
29. ISO 4919, Textile floor coverings Determination of tuft withdrawal force
30. ISO 8543, Textile floor coverings Methods for determination of mass
31. ISO 11357-3, Plastics Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Part 3: Determination of temperature and enthalpy of melting and
crystallization

Future of EN Standards for Sport

The working group TC 217 is still active and continuing to
develop new standards. In the next few years it is anticipated
that a new series of standards will be published for
environmental testing.
The working group will continue to review and update the

existing standards as new surfaces/tests methods are
developed.

Section: The Future 9th December 2008
Other Activities of Interests
Football Turf Project
Water Attenuation Research
Educational and Training Programme

Section: Other Activities of Interest 9th December 2008
The End Sometime, no matter how good the

surface, people will still get injured on it!

Section: The END 9th December 2008

Demystification of European Standards DR Colin Young SAPCA

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Demystification of European

European Structure and Politics

The EU was established in 1993 after the Maastricht Treat (from

Approximately 500 million people

27 member states (and growing)

Single market (standardised laws, common trade policy, etc)

CEN was formed to harmonize standards

Demystification of European Standards Slide 2 of 42

The European Committee for Standardization or Comit Europen

CEN produces EN standards

Private non-profit organisation formed in 1961

Aim to foster the European economy in global trading, the

Demystification of European Standards Slide 3 of 42

What is CEN (cont.)?

There are also affiliate and partner members including:

Demystification of European Standards Slide 4 of 42

Current Members of CEN

Demystification of European Standards Slide 5 of 42

Deviations would be accepted only if national legislation requires

Conflicting national standards are required to be withdrawn (DIN,

Standards are prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the

Demystification of European Standards Slide 6 of 42

Technical Committee: CEN/TC 217

Within the TC there have been many different working groups

surfaces of sports halls, turf areas, unbound mineral surfaces,

Demystification of European Standards Slide 7 of 42

Technical Committee: CEN/TC 217

Establish European standards for sports surfaces to allow the free

When possible CEN/TC 217 sought to refer to existing ISO and

Demystification of European Standards Slide 8 of 42

Technical Committee: CEN/TC 217

There have been many political and geographical obstacles during

Demystification of European Standards Slide 9 of 42

Demystification of European Standards Slide 10 of 42

EN 14904: Surface for sports areas - Indoor

This European Standard specifies requirements for surfaces for

Split into 3 main parts:

Requirements for safety in use

Demystification of European Standards Slide 11 of 42

EN 14904: Terms and definitions

Area-elastic sports floor

Point-elastic sports floor

Combined-elastic sports floor

Mixed-elastic sports floor

Demystification of European Standards Slide 12 of 42

EN 14904: Terms and definitions

Area-elastic sports floor

Point-elastic sports floor

Demystification of European Standards Slide 13 of 42

EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use

Demystification of European Standards Slide 14 of 42

EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use

Friction (EN 13036-4)

Between 80 and 110

Demystification of European Standards Slide 15 of 42

EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use

Demystification of European Standards Slide 16 of 42

EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use

Demystification of European Standards Slide 17 of 42

EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use

Not more than 5 mm

Demystification of European Standards Slide 18 of 42

EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use