1.

------IND- 2013 0264 LT- EN- ------ 20130604 --- --- PROJET
DIRECTOR OF THE FIRE AND RESCUE DEPARTMENT
UNDER THE MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR

ORDER
ON APPROVAL OF THE RULES FOR THE DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF SMOKE AND
HEAT CONTROL SYSTEMS

Date: 2013. No
Vilnius

Pursuant to paragraph 3 of Article 7 of the Law on Fire Safety of the Republic of Lithuania
(Official Gazette, 2002, No 123-5518; 2010, No 1-30), the 2nd part of Article 4 of the Law on Construction
of the Republic of Lithuania (Official Gazette, 1996, No 32-788; 2001, No 101-3597; 2007, No 55-2127),
and paragraph 5 of Resolution No 341 of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania of April 9, 2008
"On the competence of state authorities to establish the essential requirements for structures and the
technical parameters of structures according to specification levels or classes of buildings or construction
products" (Official Gazette, 2008, No 46-1730):
1. I a p p r o v e the Rules for the design and installation of smoke and heat control systems
(enclosed).
2. I s t i p u l a t e that the order shall take effect from 2013.

Director-General of the Internal Service Remigijus Baniulis

 Draft

APPROVED by:
The Director of the Fire and Rescue
Department under the Ministry
of the Interior
2013
Order No

RULES FOR THE DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF SMOKE AND HEAT

CONTROL SYSTEMS

I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. The smoke and heat control system design and installation rules (hereinafter - the Rules)
have been prepared in accordance with the Law on Construction of the Republic of Lithuania [7.1], the
Construction Technical Regulation STR 2.01.01(2): 1999 [7.3], and the Basic Requirements of Fire
Safety [7.11].
2. The requirements of the Rules are mandatory for all participants of the construction
process, the public administration entities, owners (managers and users) of engineering networks
and communications, as well as other legal and natural persons involved in the field of construction
as defined in the Law on Construction [7.1].
3. In addition to these rules, it is necessary to follow the legislation establishing the essential
requirements for structures (one or more, or all of them) and the technical parameters of structures
according to specification levels or classes of buildings or construction products, requirements of
normative technical documents on construction and documents on building safety and use, and the
technical documentation provided by the manufacturers of smoke and heat management systems.
4. The Rules apply to:
4.1. the design and construction of new buildings;
4.2. reconstructed parts of buildings;
4.3. modifications of use of buildings or their parts;
4.4. renovated building parts, when renovation includes replacement of smoke and heat
control systems or otherwise affects their arrangement or scope.
5. Smoke and heat control systems shall be installed in compliance with the requirements of
the Rules and according to the design.
6. Performance and design compliance of smoke and heat control systems are verified by
testing. The inspection and testing operations [7.4, 7.8] of the smoke and heat control systems are
made in the presence of the construction engineering supervisor and the contractor (or his agent)
[7.1]. The compliance of mechanical smoke and heat control systems with the design is verified by
measurements [7.19].

II. REFERENCES

7. The Rules contain references to the following legislation:

7.1. The Law on Construction of the Republic of Lithuania (Official Gazette, 1996, No 32-
788; 2001, No 101-3597);
7.2. Resolution No 534 of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania of April 15, 2002
"On Approval of the Statute of the Real Estate Register of the Republic of Lithuania" (Official
Gazette, 2002, No 41-1539);
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7.3. Construction Technical Regulation STR 2.01.01(2):1999 "Essential Building

Requirements. Fire Safety" (Official Gazette, 2000, No 17-424);
7.4. Construction Technical Regulation STR 1.11.01:2010 "Completion of Construction"
(Official Gazette, 2010, No 116-5947);
7.5. Construction Technical Regulation STR 2.05.04:2003 "Impacts and loads" (Official
Gazette, 2003, No 59-2683);
7.6. Construction Technical Regulation STR 2.09.02:2005 "Heating, ventilation and air
conditioning" (Official Gazette, 2005, No 75-2729; 2005, No 111);
7.7. Construction Technical Regulation STR 2.05.20:2006 "Windows and external entrance
doors" (Official Gazette, 2006, No 18-643);
7.8. Construction Technical Regulation STR 1.08.02:2002 "Construction Work" (Official
Gazette, 2002, No 54-2150);
7.9. Construction Technical Regulation STR 2.03.01:2001 "Buildings and Territories.
Requirements for needs of people with disabilities" (Official Gazette, 2001, No 53-1898);
7.10. List of regulated construction products, approved by Order No D1-628 of the Minister
for the Environment of the Republic of Lithuania of July 19, 2012 "On the list of regulated
construction products" (Official Gazette, 2012, No 89-4665);
7.11. Basic fire safety requirements, approved by Order No 1-338 of the Director of the Fire
and Rescue Department under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania of December
7, 2010 (Official Gazette, 2010, No 146-7510);
7.12. Fire safety rules for residential buildings, approved by Order No 1-64 of the Director
of the Fire and Rescue Department under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania of
February 22, 2011 (Official Gazette, 2011, No 23-1138);
7.13. Fire Safety Rules for Public Buildings approved by Order No 1-14 of Director of the
Fire and Rescue Department under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania of
January 17, 2011 (Official Gazette, 2011, No 8-378);
7.14. Fire Safety Rules for Car Parks, approved by Order No 1-44 of the Director of the Fire
and Rescue Department under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania of February
6, 2012 (Official Gazette, 2012, No 21-989);
7.15. Fire Safety Rules for Manufacturing, Industrial and Storage Buildings, approved by Order
No 1-45 of the Director of the Fire and Rescue Department under the Ministry of the Interior of the
Republic of Lithuania of February 6, 2012 (Official Gazette, 2012, No 21-990);
7.16. Order No 1-66 of the Director of the Fire and Rescue Department under the Ministry
of the Interior of February 22, 2007 "On approval of normative building safety documents"
(Official Gazette, 2007, No 25-953; 2009, No 63-2538);
7.17. Lithuanian Standard LST CEN/TR 12101-5:2007 "Smoke and heat control systems.
Part 5. Functional recommendations and calculation method guidelines for smoke and heat exhaust
ventilation systems";
7.18. Lithuanian standard LST EN 12101-6:2005, "Smoke and heat control systems. Part 6.
Technical requirements for pressure differential systems. Sets";
7.19. Lithuanian standard LST EN 12599:2013 "Ventilation for buildings. Test procedures
and measurement methods for commissioning of air conditioning and ventilation systems";
7.20. Lithuanian standard LST EN 12101-2:2003/P:2005 "Smoke and heat control systems.
Part 2. Technical requirements for natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation installations";
7.21. Lithuanian standard LST EN 12101-3:2002/AC:2005 "Smoke and heat control
systems. Part 3. Technical requirements for smoke and heat exhaust ventilators";
7.22. Lithuanian standard LST EN 12101-7:2011, "Smoke and heat control systems. Part 7.
Smoke duct sections";
7.23. Lithuanian standard LST EN 12101-8:2011, "Smoke and heat control systems. Part 8.
Smoke dampers";
 3

7.24. Lithuanian standard LST EN 12101-1:2005/A1:2006, "Smoke and heat control

systems. Part 1. Technical requirements for smoke barriers";
7.25. Lithuanian standard LST EN 12101-10:2005/AC:2007 "Smoke and heat control
systems. Part 10. Sources of power supply";
7.26. Lithuanian standard LST EN 12259-1:1999/A3:2006 "Fixed fire extinguishing
systems. Components of sprinkler and water spray systems. Part 1. Sprinklers";
7.27. Lithuanian standard LST EN 50200:2006 "Methods for testing fire resistance of
unprotected small cables in backup circuits";
7.28. Lithuanian standard LST EN 50362:2004 "Methods for testing fire resistance of
unprotected larger cross-section power and control cables in backup circuits".

III. DEFINITIONS

8. The Rules use concepts that match concepts as defined by the Law on Construction of the
Republic of Lithuania [7.1], Construction Technical Regulations STR 2.09.02:2005 [7.6], the Basic
Fire Safety Requirements [7.11], and the standards of LST EN ISO 13943, LST EN 12101 and
LST EN 13501 series.

IV. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

9. Smoke and heat control systems (hereinafter - SHCS) shall ensure removal of fire-
generated smoke and heat that is critical for safe evacuation of people from buildings, facilitates
rescue and firefighting operations, and reduces heat impact on building structures and minimises
fire damage. SHCS equipment shall reliably operate during a fire.
10. Threshold values of building, premises, and engineering structure parameters, above
which installation of SHCS is mandatory, are specified in Annex 1 of the Rules.
11. Smoke and heat from buildings are extracted by means of natural ventilation
(convection) or mechanical ventilation (using extraction fans).
12. SHCS parameters are determined in accordance with Annexes 2 and 3 of the Rules,
standards of LST EN 12101-5 [7.17], LST EN 12101-6 [7.18] series, or by means of fire
engineering calculations in accordance with the requirements of the standards of the LST ISO/TR
13387 series.
13. Compliance of SHCS and their components will be assessed in accordance with
applicable compliance legislation on building supplies, other products and equipment [7.10].
14. Separate SHCS systems shall be designed for each fire compartment [7.11].
15. Installation of both mechanical and natural draught SHCS on the same premises is
prohibited.
16. When installation of SHCS is mandatory in accordance with Annex 1, mechanical SHCS
systems are designed in:
16.1. Premises higher than 15 m;
16.2. Escape routes (corridors, halls, lobbies, lounges, etc., except stairwells) of high and
extremely high buildings [7.11].

V. MECHANICAL SHCS

17. Equipment of mechanical SHCS shall be selected taking into account conditions of fire
and the environment in which it will be used (temperature, wind and other possible factors).
18. Mechanical SHCS shall include:
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18.1. Smoke and heat extraction fans that comply with the technical requirements of LST
EN 12101-3 standard [7.21] and can operate for at least 60 minutes under conditions of at least F300-
class fire;
18.2. Smoke duct sections [7.22] and shafts (hereinafter - the smoke ducts) from
construction materials of at least class A2-s1, d0 inflammability class. The smoke ducts shall be
fire-resistant to at least EI 60 or E300 60. When smoke is extracted from evacuation routes
(corridors, halls, lobbies, lounges, etc.) or rooms directly outside, use of smoke ducts with fire
resistance to at least EI 30 or E300 30 is permitted. In all cases, the fire resistance rating of a smoke
duct shall be equal to or higher than that of the smoke barrier [7.11] it passes through. Smoke ducts
are optional in garage premises and tunnels [7.2], when fire engineering calculations in accordance
with the requirements of the LST ISO/TR 13387 series of standards indicate that evacuation time
from these structures is shorter than smoke filling time. In these cases, smoke and heat deflection
fans [7.21] are installed;
18.3. Smoke dampers [7.23] in the smoke ducts that automatically open for smoke
extraction. A smoke damper shall be fire resistant to at least EI 30 or E300 30, but its fire resistance
rating should be equal to or greater than that of the smoke duct in which it is installed. Unrated
smoke dampers can be used in SHCS for single rooms and/or smoke zones.
19. The area per smoke damper may not exceed 900 square metres. The distance between
smoke extracting vents in a smoke duct may not exceed 30 metres; a vent may not be further away
from the protected premises and/or smoke zone edge than 15 metres.
20. Smoke and heat extraction fan rooms shall be separated from other premises and
engineering systems by fire barriers with a fire resistance of at least EI 60 [7.11]. Fire barriers are
optional if smoke and heat extraction fans are installed on the exterior of a building.
21. The total area of premises and smoke zones connected to a vertical smoke and heat
extraction header on each floor may not exceed the maximum allowed smoke zone area.
22. When the main room equipped with mechanical SHCS contains a room smaller than 50
square metres, installation of SHCS in the smaller room is optional. In this case, the amount of
smoke is calculated according to the area of room with SHCS.
23. Parts of the structure around the smoke and heat exhaust vents must be protected with
construction products of at least A2-s1, d0 inflammability class to a distance of at least:
23.1. 2m radius, when the vents are installed in the roof;
23.2. 1m to the sides and 2m above, when the vents are installed in the outside walls.
24. Roofs classified as BROOF(t1) inflammability class [7.11] do not require additional
protection.

VI. SHCS WITH NATURAL EXHAUST VENTILATION

25. Natural exhaust devices (hereinafter - Devices) corresponding to the LST EN 12101-2
standard selected for SHCS shall be of at least B300 heat resistance class, taking into consideration
the conditions (wind and snow loads, climatic temperature impacts [7.5; 7.7], reliability, etc.). The
aerodynamic free area of the devices is verified by tests [7.20].
26. The devices are arranged evenly over the smoke area in the roofs or in two or more
different outdoor walls, at least 2.2 m above the floor. In the case of pitched roofs, the devices are
placed in the higher part of the room.
27. When the devices are installed in walls, the area of openings on different walls shall
comply with the calculated parameters, taking into account the fact that one of the walls can be
exposed to wind loads.
28. The distance from the edge of the device opening shall be at least:
28.1. 5 m to fire walls (barriers) separating fire compartments or adjacent buildings [7.11],
2.5 m to external walls;
 5

28.2. 7 m to external fenestrated walls of an attached higher building.

29. The distance between the devices may not exceed 20 m, the distance between a device
and its protected premises and/or the outermost part of the corresponding smoke zone may not
exceed 10 m. Devices shall be arranged at a minimum distance from each other that is equal to the
sum of their largest dimensions or diameters as shown in Fig.

Fig. Minimal distances between devices

30. At least one device is required for every 400 square metres of floor area. An additional
device is necessary for every 100 square metres of ceiling area that is limited by continuous
building structures (beams, etc.) projecting from the ceiling by more than 1 m.
31. When the devices are installed above a suspended ceiling, the suspended ceiling surface
shall contain at least 50 per cent of openings. When the fire load density in the suspended ceiling
area exceeds 42 MJ/sq.m, at least one additional device shall be installed for every 400 square
metres of the ceiling area of at least 1 sq.m aerodynamic free area.
32. Natural exhaust shafts with a cross-section area of not less than 0.5 per cent of the floor
area may be used for smoke extraction from rooms on at most one underground floor and two
overground floors and from every room separated by fire barriers [7.11] and unrated opening
(doors, gates, windows and hatches) fillers. To protect from wind effects, special attachments
(deflectors) shall be installed over shafts of the natural exhaust system.
33. Building parts around device openings shall be protected with construction materials of
at least class A2-s1, d0 inflammability class to a distance of at least:
33.1. 1 m radius when the devices are installed in roofs;
33.2. 0.5 m on both sides and 2 m above, when the devices are installed in the outside walls.
34. Roofs classified as BROOF(t1) inflammability class [7.11] do not require additional
protection.

VII. SHCS AIR SUPPLY OPENINGS

35. Premises, in which SHCS systems are to be installed, shall be equipped with openings in
the lower part, through which clean outdoor air is supplied during a fire. The openings are arranged
lower than 1 m from the bottom of the smoke layer.
 6

36. Air inlets for different smoke zones may be installed in the same room. In this case, the
air inflow is determined by the largest smoke zone in the room.
37. Fans, doors, gates, windows and other evenly spaced openings may be used for air flow
supply.
38. When doors and gates are used for air flow supply, they should be equipped with
mechanisms protecting against unintended closing.

VIII. DIVISION OF PREMISES INTO SMOKE ZONES

39. Premises with an installed SHCS larger than the maximum smoke zone specified in the
table should be divided into smoke zones, taking into account the fact that a fire may break out in
one of them.

Maximum allowed smoke zone

Table
Smoke and heat Maximum allowed
Premises functional group [7.11], use [7.2]
removal method smoke zone (sq.m)
P.1, P.2.1, P.2.2, P.2.3, P.2.4, P.2.5, P.2.6, natural exhaust
1600
P.2.10, P.2.11, P.2.12, P.2.13, P.2.14, P. 2.15, ventilation
P.2.16 (residential, hotel, administrative,
commercial, service, catering, transport,
mechanical 2000
culture, education, health care, recreation,
sports, religious, special)
P.2.7, P.2.8, P.2.9 (garage, manufacturing, natural exhaust
2000
industrial, storage) ventilation
mechanical 3000

40. Smoke zones are separated by fixed fire partitions with a fire resistance of at least E 30
and made of construction products of at least A2-s1, d0 inflammability class [7.11] or by smoke
barriers (curtains) resistant to at least DH 30 class [7.24].
41. The height (from the ceiling down) of fire partitions or smoke barriers (curtains) must be
such that smoke from the created smoke zone would not spread to adjacent smoke zones.
42. The maximum length of a smoke zone may not exceed 60m. It is necessary to take into
consideration the use of the structure and peculiarities of the technological processes (hoist paths,
etc.).

IX. PRESSURISATION SYSTEMS FOR SMOKE VENTILATION

43. In the cases provided by legislation [7.11, 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, 7.15], a building or its
individual parts are protected from smoke in the event of fire by creation of positive air pressure.
44. In the event of fire, the outside air must be supplied to:
44.1. the upper part of N2 type smoke-free stairwells and/or their sections [7.11];
44.2. airlocks of N3 type smoke-free stairwells [7.11];
44.3. airlocks at entrances to the firefighter elevators or evenly to firefighter elevator shafts
throughout their entire height [7.11];
44.4. airlocks at staircases, stairwells, elevators, elevator shafts, when required by legislation
[7.11, 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, 7.15].
45. The pressurisation system for smoke ventilation must guarantee 2050 Pa air pressure:
45.1. at the foot of elevator shafts, when doors on all floors are closed except the lowest
level;
 7

45.2. at the foot of N2 type smoke-free stairwells, when the stairwell access doors are open
on the level of the fire and on the ground level and all other doors are closed. The air pressure at the
top of a stairwell section shall not exceed 150 Pa [7.11];
45.3. at airlocks of N3 type smoke-free stairways (at the level of the fire), when a door
either to the corridor or to the hall is open;
45.4. in airlocks, when all doors are closed;
45.5. in airlocks at the entrances to the firefighting elevators or in the firefighting elevator
shafts, when doors to the elevator shafts and the airlocks are closed.
46. 2050 Pa air pressure [7.11] shall be constantly maintained in the airlocks next to
premises of Asg and Bsg explosion and fire hazard categories.
47. Pressurisation systems of smoke ventilation must include:
47.1. Fans that are separated from other rooms by fire barriers [7.11] of at least EI 45 fire
resistance. When the fans are installed outside the building, the fire barriers are optional;
47.2. Air ducts made of construction products of at least A2-s1, d0 inflammability class and
at least EI 30 fire resistance class;
47.3. Return valves at the fans;
47.4. Outdoor air intake openings protected by grilles or diffusers are placed at least 5 m
away from the smoke and heat exhaust vents.
48. Pressurisation systems for smoke ventilation that supply air to airlocks [7.11] of
premises of Asg and Bsg explosion and fire hazard categories shall be designed with backup fans.
49. Pressurisation systems for smoke ventilation must be designed in a way that the force of
door opening via a handle does not exceed 100 N, taking into account the needs of people who
evacuate the structure [7.9]. For this purpose, louvres or installations must be provided to protect
against excess pressure.

X. SHCS CONTROL. POWER SUPPLY

50. Power supply and automation must ensure reliable operation of SHCS.
51. Power supply to SHCS electric devices must be ensured by installing an independent
power source (electric generators, batteries, etc.) or comply with the LST EN 12101-10 [7.25]
standard specifications. The duration of power supply to mechanical SHCS systems must be at least
60 minutes.
52. When local conditions prevent power supply to SHCS electric receivers from two
independent power sources, electric receivers may be powered from a single source: from separate
transformers of the same transformer substation or from the two nearest separate substations
connected to separate power lines via different routes with a built-in automatic transfer system. The
provisions of this paragraph do not apply to SHCS systems installed on premises which may
accommodate 100 or more people.
53. Electric cables must ensure reliable power supply to SHCS installations. Electrical
circuits are separated by fire barriers of at least EI 60 fire resistance [7.11] or dedicated fire-
resistant cables are used that ensure SHCS operation during a fire for at least 60 minutes [7.27,
7.28]. Electric circuit cables may be left unprotected when they pass outside the building walls that
are fire-resistant to at least EI 30 class and inflammable to at least A2-s1, d0 class.
54. SHCS systems must have manual and automatic controls. Automatic control is
performed via automatic activation of the SHCS upon triggering of the fire detection and alarm
systems and/or of fixed fire extinguishing systems (except fixed gaseous fire suppression systems
[7.16]). Manual control is performed via manual fire alarms or other hand-actuated devices
(pressing a button, pulling a handle, and so on). Manually activated SHCS control devices must be
located near entrance doors, evacuation routes, fire hydrant cabinets.
55. Devices installed on the roof of premises with fixed fire extinguishing systems must be
 8

controlled manually. Automatic control may be performed by means of thermal actuators with
tripping temperatures higher than the sprinkler activation temperature of the fixed fire extinguishing
systems.
56. SHCS systems shall be provided with control panels that are installed at fire stations
and/or watch-keeping units. Installation of SHCS control panels in SHCS-protected premises is
prohibited.
57. The SHCS control panel must include means for switching automatic SHCS control to
manual. The control panel shall include signalling devices indicating the positions of SHCS devices
and diagrams attributing control devices to specific smoke zones.
58. Manual control devices must be marked with the label "DM IR ILUMOS
ALINIMAS" (smoke and heat extraction).
59. Buildings and premises, in which installation of SHCS systems is planned, must be
provided with fire detection and alarm systems or fixed fire extinguishing systems as required
[7.16].
60. A fire detection and alarm system or a fixed fire extinguishing system must
automatically control SHCS electric receivers to be able to:
60.1. activate SHCS in the smoke zone and/or the room on fire (except premises equipped
with fixed gaseous fire suppression systems);
60.2. open smoke dampers in the smoke zone and/or the room on fire, drop smoke barriers,
and close automatic fire dampers;
60.3. open air supply openings in the smoke zone and/or the room on fire. The air supply
openings may be opened manually on the ground floor and the underground floors. The openings
must be opened from the outside and marked with the label "ORO PRITEKJIMO ANGA
DMAMS IR ILUMAI ALINTI" (air supply opening for smoke and heat extraction).
61. Premises where smoke filling time is longer than safe evacuation time, SHCS systems
with natural exhaust ventilation may only be controlled manually. In this case, the devices (except
when mounted inside walls) must have thermal devices [7.20].
62. SHCS systems must be designed and installed to activate in 60 seconds at most from the
reception of a fire alarm control signal.
_________________________________
 Smoke and heat control systems
design and installation rules
Annex 1

LIST OF BUILDINGS, FACILITIES, AND STRUCTURES WHERE INSTALLATION OF SHCS IS MANDATORY

Parameter thresholds, above which installation of SHCS is mandatory(1)

Altitude of the
explosion and number of top level floor
premises
Item Purpose fire risk people on the surface from
area Other parameters and notes
No. [7.2] category of premises the fire engine
(sq.m)
the premises (u.) access point
surface (m)
1. Residential buildings and premises
Residential Escape routes on all floors (corridors, halls, lobbies, lounges,
26.5
(apartment etc., except stairwells)
buildings),
1.1.
Residential (2)
50
(various social
groups)
Manufacturing, industrial, garage, storage buildings and premises and other special purpose buildings and premises with a specified fire and
2.
explosion hazard category
Escape routes (corridors, halls, lobbies, lounges, etc., except
Asg, Bsg & Cg stairwells) longer than 15 m of two-storey and higher
buildings(2)
Manufacturing,
Escape routes on all floors (corridors, halls, lobbies, lounges,
2.1. industrial, 26.5
etc., except stairwells)
storage, garage (2)
50 Asg, Bsg & Cg
(2)
Asg, Bsg & Cg 50
Isolated car traffic lanes in two-storey and higher car parks(2)
50 Garages(2)
3. Non-residential buildings and premises
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Hotels, Escape routes on all floors (corridors, halls, lobbies, lounges,

26.5
administrative, etc., except stairwells)
(2)
commerce, 50
service, Levels of cultural buildings [7.13](2)
catering, Atria, open spaces and 2 type stairs that are not separated by
transportation, fire barriers [7.11] from adjacent rooms(2).
3.1.
culture,
education,
health care, Libraries, book stacks, archives and other rooms with fire load
recreation, 50
density above 600 MJ/sq.m [7.11](2)
sports, religious,
other
4. Civil engineering structures
Tunnels,
4.1 Longer than 100 m(2)
underpasses
EXPLANATIONS:
(1)
All parameters of a row are considered when selecting SHCS: room area, fire and explosion hazard category of the room, number of people present,
etc., except the rows with only one parameter indicated.
(2)
Installation of SHCS is optional in:
a) premises where outside walls contain manually opened windows, skylights, gates, etc., and the geometric area of the openings above 2.2 m in
height is at least 0.4% of the calculated room area. In this case, openings at 15 m distance or closer to the outermost part of the room are taken into account.
b) premises smaller than 200 sq.m with installed fixed fire extinguishing systems [7.16], except rooms of Asg & Bsg explosion and fire hazard
categories;
c) premises with installed fixed gaseous fire suppression systems [7.16];
d) evacuation routes, where smoke from all connected rooms is extracted directly outside. In this case, partition structures of all rooms that connect to
the evacuation routes must contain manually opened windows, skylights, gates, etc. The geometric area of the openings above 2.2 m in height must be at
least 0.4% of the calculated room area and only openings at 15 m distance or closer to the outermost part of the room are taken into account;
e) buildings without external walls or buildings, in which the two largest opposite external walls are open on each floor (level) and the total open area
is at least 50% of each external wall surface. In this case, openings at 15 m distance or closer to the outmost part of the room are taken into account;
f) premises where fire load density does not exceed 100 MJ/sq.m [7.11]
____________________
 Smoke and heat control systems
design and installation rules
Annex 2

CALCULATION OF THE EXTRACTED SMOKE AND HEAT AMOUNT

1. Mechanically extracted smoke and heat amounts are calculated by the formula:

Vv= mv Ts/(o To). (m3/s) (1)

where:
the smoke zone area factor (see (2)(3));
mv the extracted smoke flow (kg/s) (see (8)(9));
Ts the temperature of the smoke layer (K) (see (7);
o the air density (kg/m3) (1.225 at To = 15 0C);
T0 the temperature of the ambient air (K).

2. The smoke zone area factor, used in calculations of mechanical SHCS systems, is
obtained by the formula:

=2 * A/Ad-1, when Ad<A<Amax (2)

=A/Ad 0.75, when AAd. (3)

where:
A the premises area (sq.m);
Amax the maximum allowed smoke zone (see Ch. VIII);
Ad = 1600 sq.m in premises of P.2.7, P.2.8, P.2.9 groups;
Ad = 1000 sq.m in premises of P.1, P.2.1, P.2.2, P.2.3, P.2.4, P.2.5, P.2.6, P.2.10, P.2.11,
P.2.12, P.2.13, P.2.14, P.2.15, P.2.16 groups.

3. P.2.7, P.2.8, P.2.9 premises groups are divided into the following smoke extraction
classes according to their use, as specified in Table 1: D1, D2, D3 and D4. Premises missing in
Table 1 are attributed to the group they most closely match according to their use and fire load
density values.

Examples of various special purpose premises according to the smoke extraction classes
Table 1
Premises Storage facilities
1 2
Smoke extraction class D1
Stacking height < 4 m
Boiler rooms and other technical rooms Pharmaceutical
Crushed stone processing Leather products
Mechanical workshop Carpets (D2 if containing polymer additives or
rubber insulation)
Glass production
Dairy (wet processes)
Breweries
Wood pulp production (wet processes)
Cement production
Slaughterhouses
 2

Water treatment installations

Premises Storage facilities
Water power plants
Smoke extraction class D2
Stacking height < 4 m
Battery production Plywood and wood boards
Car services Asphalt paper rolls (in the horizontal position)
Coffee production and packaging Furniture
Ceramic production Scrap paper containers
Printing houses Cork materials
Main floors of mechanical workshops Bulk wood
Dry cleaners Linoleum
Textile manufacturing Lining and lag
Pharmaceutical production Plastics (celluloid and polystyrene foam - D3 or
D4)
Laboratories Cardboard boxes (flammable content)
Magnetic tape production Flammable liquids in metal containers
Confectioneries Paper (rolls - D3)
Meat production Various wood articles (household items, toys,
etc.)
Ore and metal processing and forging Crude wool bails
Margarine production Electrical appliances
Dairy (except wet processes) Cellulose and paper rolls (in horizontal position)
Metal, porcelain and pottery production Car parts
(cardboard or plastic packaging)
Metal foundries Textile
Leather production Clothes
Tailor shops Dry wood boards
Production of metal sheets, bars and other
articles
Laundries
Poultry farms
Stacking height 4 m
Wood sorting Leather products
Electrical appliance repairs Various metal wares
Canneries Pharmaceutical
Smithies Glass and ceramic wares
Textile production Carpets with polymer additives or rubber
insulation
Smoke extraction class D3
Stacking height < 4 m
Lorry, bus, agricultural machinery and other Cellulose and paper rolls
services
Electronics manufacturing Wax paper
Coal and liquid fuel boiler-rooms Dry feed
Cable, flammable materials and gas Rubber products
transportation shafts
Footwear production Grain
Printing houses
 3

Knitting shops
Sawmills
Premises Storage facilities
Bakeries
Feed production
TV, cinema and radio studios
Wool spinning
Stacking height 4 m
Cellulose production (dry processes) Dry wood boards
Brick production Plywood and wood boards
Polishing workshops Asphalt paper rolls
Wood article processing Furniture
Wood packaging production Scrap paper containers
Cork materials
Bulk wood
Linoleum
Smoke extraction class D4
Stacking height < 4 m
Asphalt paper production Foam and rubber
Roofing production Loose scrap paper
Chemical production Loose yarn
Rubber production
Aircraft hangars
Manufacturing of plastic articles
Stacking height 4 m
Paint production Asphalt paper rolls
Carpet production (containing polymer Paper coated with asphalt or polystyrene foam
additives or rubber insulation)
Foam polystyrene, rubber or plastics All polystyrene foams and rubbers
production
Production of explosives and fireworks Dry feed
Spray paint workshops Grease
Celluloid production Crude wool bails
Peat processing Mechanical wood workshop
Flammable liquids in glass and metal containers
Wooden trays and boxes for transportation
Various wood articles (household items, toys,
etc.)
Cellulose and paper rolls
Grain

4. The maximum fire spreading area until the arrival of firefighters is determined
according to Annex 3 paragraph 2 of the Rules. If flammable materials and their amounts can be
determined precisely, fire power is calculated by formulas provided in applicable standards and
guidelines. In other cases, fire power () is calculated according to the fire surface area (Af) and the
specific fire power density (qf) specified in Tables 2 and 3. Fire power is calculated by the formula:

= * qf * Af , (kW) (4)
where:
 4

a factor, indicating percentage of heat released from a smoke zone by means of

convection, the value of is assumed to be equal to 0.7, taking into account heat loss and
incomplete combustion;
qf the fire power density (kW/sq.m);
Af the fire surface area (sq.m).
Values of fire power density (qf), fire surface area Af and fire perimeter pf are determined
individually for each room.

4.1. Design values of fire power density, fire surface area and fire perimeter for premises
of P.2.7, P.2.8, P.2.9 groups (transportation, garages, manufacturing, industry, and storage [7.2]) are
specified in Table 2, taking into account their smoke extraction class.

Design values of the fire power density, fire surface area and fire perimeter for premises of
P.2.7, P.2.8, P.2.9 groups
Table 2
Smoke
Fire surface area Fire perimeter Fire power density qf
extraction
Af (sq.m) pf (m) (kW/sq.m)
class
D1 9 10 500,
D2 25 20 when hf (1) 2 m
D3 40 25 500 (hf 1),
D4 90 40 when hf > 2 m

hf the stacking height (m). In the case that fixed fire extinguishing systems are installed
(1)

between racks, hf is calculated according to their height.

4.2. Design values of fire power density, fire surface area and fire perimeter for premises
of P.1, P.2.1, P.2.2, P.2.3, P.2.4, P.2.5, P.2.6, P.2.10, P.2.11, P.2.12, P.2.13, P.2.14, P. 2.15, P.2.16,
P.4 groups (residential, hotel, office, commercial, service, catering, culture, education, health care,
recreation, sports, religious, special, and civil engineering structures [7.2]) and car parks are
specified in Table 3, taking into account their smoke extraction classes.

Design values of fire power density, fire surface area and fire perimeter for premises of P.1,
P.2.1, P.2.2, P.2.3, P.2.4, P.2.5, P.2.6, P.2.10, P.2.11, P.2.12, P.2.13, P.2.14, P.2.15, P.2.16, P.4
groups and car parks
Table 3
Fire
power
Fire surface area Fire perimeter
Premises use [7.2] Sprinklers(1) density qf
Af (sq.m) pf (m)
(kW/sq.
m)
B 10 12 625
Commerce A 5 9 625
C Total room area Room perimeter 1200
B 16 14 225
Office C 47 24 255
D Total room area Room perimeter 255
 5

Hotels, service,
catering,
transportation, B 5 9 240
culture, education, A 2 6 250
health care, C Total room area Room perimeter 100
recreation, sports,
religious, other
Corridors, halls,
always 2 6 375
lobbies
Garages (1 burning car) 10 12 400
(1)
A fast response sprinklers (ESFR), B standard (A and B) response sprinklers
[7.26] (see LST EN 12259-1), C without sprinklers, D without sprinklers and without a fire
detection and alarm system.

5. The required minimum smoke-free height to ensure the safety of people is 2.5 m from
the floor level (Z) in low premises of at least 3 m height; the minimum smoke-free height is at least
2 m.
The smoke-free height may be measured by other parameters. For an atrium, the minimum
smoke-free height is the height that prevents spreading of smoke into the premises at a higher level.

6. The mass of generated smoke flow is determined on the basis of the smoke-free height
and the design fire perimeter. Two distinctive scenarios are analysed in smoke flow calculations. In
one case, the fire column rises straight up to the ceiling and the smoke spreads like a cloud. In
multi-storey buildings, where rooms are connected by atria, smoke rises from the lower part of the
building to the upper part towards the roof. The amount of smoke significantly increases due to
mixing of the smoke with air. Smoke flow mass (mp) generated during a fire is calculated by the
formula:

mp = Ce pf Z3/2 (kg/s) (5)

where:
pf the calculated fire perimeter (see Paragraph 4);
Z the smoke-free height (see Paragraph 5);
Ce= 0.38 for small single storey premises;
Ce= 0.19 for rooms connecting several building storeys, atria.

7. The flow of extracted smoke depends on fire power, smoke temperature increase and
smoke layer temperature. In single storey premises, the extracted smoke flow is equal to the
generated smoke flow.
The smoke temperature increase () is calculated by the formula:

= /(mp c), (K) (6)

where:
the fire power, (W) (see Paragraph 4);
mp the generated smoke flow (kg/s);
c the specific heat capacity of air (c = 1040 J/kgK).

The smoke layer temperature (Ts) is calculated by the formula:

 6

Ts = + T0, (7)

where:
T0 the temperature of the ambient air, 288 K (15 C).

If the calculated temperature of the smoke layer Ts 473 K (200 C), then

mv = mp (kg/s). (8)

If the calculated temperature of the smoke layer Ts > 473 K (200 C), then the extracted
smoke mass is:

mv = /((473T0) c) (kg/s). (9)

The calculated temperature of the smoke layer is Ts > 773 K (500 C) in buildings of P.2.7,
P.2.8, P.2.9 [7.11] groups classified as category Asg, Bsg, Cg of explosion and fire hazard. In this
case, 473 K is replaced with 773 K in Formula 9 for the smoke mass.
The smoke layer thickness is calculated by the formula:

d=H(mv/0.19 pf)0.67, (m) (10)

The smoke layer thickness in atrium type rooms is calculated by the formula:

d=H(mv/0.38 pf)0.67, (m) (11)

where:
H the room height (m).

8. The area of air supply openings shall be at least equal to the cross-section area of the
smoke ducts in the smoke zone.
9. The calculated amount of extracted smoke may be reduced by half in rooms with fixed
fire extinguishing systems [7.16].
____________________
 Smoke and heat control systems
design and installation rules
Annex 3

DESIGN OF SHCS SYSTEMS WITH NATURAL EXHAUST VENTILATION

1. The required aerodynamic free area Aa in the smoke reservoir, expressed as a

percentage of the room area, is calculated on the basis of the data in Table 3, taking into account the
following:
1.1. fire spread time t (min)
1.2. fire load density (MJ/sq.m) of the room
1.3. room height h (m)
1.4. smoke-free height (m)
1.5. room area or smoke zone area (sq.m)
2. The probable fire spread time t (min) is calculated by the formula:

t = tdetect+ tresponse (1)

where:
tdetect the time from the fire onset and its detection by people, fire detection and
alarm systems or fixed fire extinguishing systems (min);
tresponse the time required for reception of the alarm and dispatch, travel and
deployment of a firefighting force until the fire is brought under control (min).
It is assumed that the fire spread time t (min) cannot be less than 5 minutes.
2.1. The fire detection time tdetect is assumed to be 5 min., when the alarm is generated by
fire detection and alarm systems or fixed fire extinguishing systems. In other cases, the fire
detection time is assumed to be 10 minutes.
The fire detection time may be neglected when the fire detection and alarm systems contain
smoke detectors.
2.2. The response time tresponse is assumed to be 0 minutes in rooms with fixed fire
extinguishing systems and 5 minutes when a firefighting team is on duty at the site. The response
time is assumed to be 10 minutes, when a firefighting team is stationed 3 km away from the site and
15 minutes, when 5 km away. In all other cases, the response time is at least 20 minutes.
3. The fire hazard is determined by the fire load category [7.11] of the room and/or of the
largest smoke zone of the room (see Table 1).

Fire Load Categories

Table 1
Fire load category Fire load density (MJ/sq.m)
1 more than 1200
2 from 600 to 1200
3 up to 600

4. The design category is determined by Table 2.

 2

Design categories
Table 2
Fire load category 1 2 3
Calculated fire spread time
Design category
t (min)
5 1 2 3
10 2 4 5
15 3 6 7
20 5 6 7
25 7 7 7

5. The aerodynamic free area is selected from Table 3.

Aerodynamic free area

Table 3
Room Smoke Aerodynamic free area Aa(3) (%)(4)
height layer Design category
h(1) thickness
(m) d(2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(m)
3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
2.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 1 1.2
h6m 2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.6
1.5 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.2
1 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.1
4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 1 1.1
3.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.3 1.4
6m<h
3 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.8
8m
2.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.6 2 2.3
2 0.7 1 1.2 1.7 2.1 2.6 2.9
5 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
4.5 0.35 0.5 0.7 1 1.2 1.5 1.7
4 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1
8m<h
3.5 0.5 0.7 1 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.5
15 m
3 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.8 2.2 2.7 3
2.5 0.9 1.1 1.5 2.1 2.6 3.2 3.6
2 1 1.5 2.3 2.6 3.2 4 4.5
(1)
The arithmetic mean of the highest and lowest points of the ceiling or roof from the floor
(m).
(2)
The value is obtained by subtracting the minimum smoke-free height of 2.5 m from the
room height h, taking into account the smoke barrier height. For rooms lower than 3 m, the smoke-
free height is at least 2 m.
(3)
The product of the geometric area and the flow factor in sq.m (the aerodynamic free area
is determined empirically for each device).
(4)
The value indicating the percentage of the room area or the smoke zone area.

6. Calculations of the required aerodynamic free area take into account the sizes of
rooms and/or smoke zones.
 3

6.1. For premises and/or smoke zones larger than 1600 sq.m, the required free area is
calculated on the basis of the value that is obtained by multiplying the room area and/or the smoke
zone area by the percentage from Table 3.

A , when A > 1600 sq.m (2)

6.2. For premises and/or smoke zones from 800 sq.m to 1600 sq.m, the required free area
is calculated on the basis of the value that is obtained by multiplying 1600 sq.m by the percentage
from Table 3.

1600 sq.m, when 1600 sq.m A 800 sq.m (3)

6.3. For premises and/or smoke zones from 400 sq.m to 800 sq.m, the required free area is
calculated on the basis of the value that is obtained by multiplying the room area and/or the smoke
zone area A by 2 and by the percentage from Table 3.

A 2 , when 800 sq.m A 400 sq.m (4)

6.4. For premises and/or smoke zones smaller than 400 sq.m, the required free area is
calculated on the basis of the value that is obtained by multiplying 800 sq.m by the percentage
from Table 3.

800 sq.m, when 400 sq.m > A (5)

7. The geometric area (Ag) of the opening of smoke and heat extraction device can be
calculated by the formula:

Aa
Ag = , (sq.m) (6)
Cv

where:
Aa the aerodynamic free area (sq.m);
Cv the flow factor (see Table 4).

Flow factor
Table 4
Angle of opening
Type of opening Flow factor
(degrees)(1)
Open - 0.65
Opening angle of the
90 0.65
opening filler
Blinds 90 0.5
0.5
60
0.35(2)
Opening angle of the 0.4
45
opening filler 0.3(2)
0.3
30
0.15(2)
 4

(1)
Opening angle to the vertical axis, with 5 tolerance.
(2)
When opening to the inside.

8. The area of air supply openings is calculated from Table 5. This area must be at least
equal to the required aerodynamic free area.

Area of air supply openings

Table 5
Angle of opening
Type of opening Flow factor
(degrees)(1)
Open - 0.7
Opening angle of the
90 0.7
opening filler
Blinds 90 0.65
60 0.5
Opening angle of the
45 0.4
opening filler
30 0.3

(1)
Opening angle to the vertical axis, with 5 tolerance.

Example: a doorway in a wall 1.00 m x 2.00 m = 2.00 m.

Area of the air supply opening equals 2.00 m x 0.7 = 1.40 m.

9. Required area of smoke extraction, openings may be reduced by half in rooms with
fixed fire extinguishing systems [7.16].
____________________