What are commas? sentence from their normal positions is usually The comma (,) is a punctuation mark that set off by a comma. appears in several variants in various languages. - He naturally checked the address in the It is used in many contexts and languages, directory. (normal order) mainly for separating parts of a sentence such as - Naturally, he checked the address in the clauses, and items in lists, particularly when directory. (transposed order) there are three or more items listed. Appositives Introductory Words. an appositive is a set off from the rest of the Introductory words such as yes, no, where, why, sentence by commas. and oh are followed by a comma. a. Ms. Pangan, an authority of Like this: Oh, no, another detour. gastrointestinal disease, thinks my illness is not serious. -Adverbs such as besides, however, anyhow, b. The collector, Mr. Lopez, bought the nonetheless, at the beginning of the sentence chair at an auction. are followed by a comma. Words of Direct Address Introductory Phrases and Clauses Words of direct address are set off by commas. A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence is followed by a comma. a. Gimmy, did you buy the tickets? b. My fellow citizen, I ask you so- not for Example: Watching the trail, we saw the truck me- but for the Philippines. approach. Parenthetical Expressions A long adverbial clause at the beginning of a sentence is followed by a comma. Words and phrases used to explain or qualify a statement are called Parenthetical Expressions. Example: When the prince arrived, he scratched These words may also be used as basic parts of his head and looked at the tower. the sentence. It is only when they are A succession of prepositional phrase at the parenthetical that they are set off by commas. beginning of a sentence is followed by a comma. a. Her theory, I understand, is sound. Example: On the ledge at the top of the tower, b. John, of course, knows where it is. the princess brushed her long, blond tresses.