Unit 3 - Biochemistry

energy that is needed to get a reaction

started

activation energy
the part of an enzyme that directly
binds to a substrate and carries a
reaction
active site
molecules used to build proteins

amino acids
the basic unit of matter

atom
the branch of science that deals with
the chemical processes that occur
within living organisms
biochemistry
compound made up of carbon (C),
hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms;
type of nutrient that is the major
carbohydrate source of energy for the body
MAJOR MACROMOLECULE
substance formed by the chemical
combination of two or more elements
compound
destroy the characteristic properties of
a macromolecule by heat or acidity.
*unfolding of a protein
denature
to take apart the macromolecules in
our food in order to build our own
carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

digestion
 pure substance that consists entirely of
one type of atom
element
protein catalyst that speeds up the rate
of specific biological reactions

enzyme
Simple sugar. Can be used by the body
to directly produce ATP.

glucose ATP = engery

a sugar-storing macromolecule in living
things
glycogen
a chemical that shows the presence of
a certain molecule

indicator
compounds that DO NOT contain both
carbon (C) and hydrogen (H)
inorganic
macromolecule made mostly from
carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms;
includes fats, oils, and waxes
lipid MAJOR MACROMOLECULE
giant molecules made from
thousands of smaller molecules.

The four major groups of

macromolecules found in living things
macromolecule are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids,
and proteins.
smallest unit of a compound that
displays all the properties of that
molecule compound
 molecules used to construct DNA and
RNA

nucleotides
macromolecules containing hydrogen
(H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and
phosphorus (P); store genetic
nucleic acid information
MAJOR MACROMOLOCULE
compounds that contain both carbon (C)
and hydrogen (H)
organic
Scale with values from 0 to 14.
Measures how acidic or basic
something is.
pH scale (0-7 acidic. 7 neutral. 7-14 basic)
lipids that are used to construct the cell
membrane

phospholipid
macromolecule that contains carbon
(C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and
nitrogen (N); needed by the body for
protein growth and repair and to control the
rate of chemical reactions
MAJOR MACRO MOLECULE
carbohydrates that have a large
number of glucose units joined
together
starches
the molecule that the enzyme reacts
with
substrate
to build macromolecules using smaller
molecules
synthesis