Unit 7: DNA

one of the four nitrogen bases

A pairs with T
adenine
compound with an amino group on one end
and a carboxyl group on the other end

amino acid
strands of super coiled DNA

chromosome
one of the four nitrogen bases

C pairs with G
cytosine
DNA consists of two chains wound around
each other to form a double helix. The two
chains are held together
by complementary pairing; that is, specific
complementary pairing
bonding between A and T bases and between
G and C bases.
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein
and thus determines a trait; factor that is
passed on from parent to offspring
gene
one of the four nitrogen bases

G pairs with C
guanine
type of RNA that carries copies of
instructions for the assembly of amino acids
into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell

mRNA
change in the genetic material of a cell
Unit 7: DNA
mutation
A nitrogen containing molecule that has the
same chemical properties as a base. They
make up the building blocks of DNA and RNA:
adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine (DNA
nitrogen base only) and uracil (RNA only).
building block of DNA (nucleic acid)

nucleotide
structure that contains the cells genetic
material in the form of DNA

nucleus
cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein
found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell

ribosome
type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a
ribosome during photosynthesis

transfer RNA (tRNA)

one of the four nitrogen bases

T pairs with A
thymine
one of the four nitrogen bases found only in
RNA

Pairs with adenine (A)

uracil