Problem 1

Water flows from section 1 to section 2 as shown in the figure. The total head loss
between the water surface in the reservoir and the water jet at the end of the pipe is 6.0 ft.
The diameter of the horizontal pipe attached to a reservoir is 8-in. Determine the velocity
and flow rate of the water being discharged from the pipe.

15 ft
Water
2

Data:
z1 = 15 ft z2 = 0
V1 = 0 V2 = ?
p1 = 0 p2 = 0
hLT = 6 ft
D = 8 = 8/12 ft
g = 32.2 ft/s2

V12 p1 V2 p
+ + z1 = 2 + 2 + z 2 + hL12
2g 2g

V22
z1 = + hLT V2 = 2 g ( z1 hLT )
2g
ft
V2 = 2 * 32.2(15 6) = 24.075
s
D 2
3.14 * (8 / 12) 2
Q = VA = V = 24.075 = 8.4
4 4
ft 3
Q = 8.4
s
Problem 2

Oil with a specific gravity of 0.87 is flowing in the pipe shown below. The pressure at
point 1 is 500 kPa. If the head loss from point 1 to point 2 is 5.0 m of oil and the
discharge of oil is 0.050 m/s, determine the pressure at point 2.

2 100 mm Dia
50mm Dia 1 Oil

Data:
Specific gravity S = 0.87
hL = 5 m, z1 = z2 = 0
p1 = 500 kPa p2 = ?
D1 = 50 mm = 0.05 m D2 = 100 mm = 0.1 m
Q1 = Q2 = 0.05 m3/s
V12 p1 V2 p
+ + z1 = 2 + 2 + z 2 + hL12
2g 2g
oil N
S= oil = S water Therefore, water @ 20 0 C = 9790
water m3
N kN
oil = 0.87 * 9790 = 8517.3 3
= 8.517 3
m m
Q Q2 0.05 m
Q2 = V2 A2 V2 = 2 = = = 6.369
A2 D2 2
3.14 * 0.12
s
4 4
Q1 = V1 A1
Q2 Q2 0.05 m
Q1 = Q2 V1 A1 = Q2 V1 = = = = 25.478
A1 D1 2
3.14 * 0.05 2
s
4 4
V12 p1 V22 p 2 V 2
p V 2

+ = + + hL12 p 2 = oil 1 + 1 2 hL
2g 2g 2 g oil 2 g
25.478 2 500 6.369 2
p 2 = 8.517 + 5 = 721.592 kPa
2 * 9.81 8.517 2 * 9.81
p2 = 721.592 kPa
Problem 3

Two sections, A and B, are 5 Km apart along a 4 m Diameter riveted steel pipe in its best
condition. A is 100 m higher than B. If the water temperature is 150 C and the pressure
heads measured at A and B are 8.3 m and 76.7 m, respectively, what is the flow rate (Q)?

Data:
L = 5 km = 5000 m
D=4m
zA = 100 m zB = 0
pA pB
= 8 .3 m = 76.7 m

2 2
VA p A V p
+ + z A = B + B + z B + hLA B
2g 2g
2
LV
hLA B = f
D 2g
VA = VB
pA pB L V2 2g D p A p
+ zA = + f V = + zA B (1)
D 2g f L
Assume: f = 0.015

2 * 9.81 * 4
V = (8.3 + 100 76.7 ) = 5.75 m
0.015 * 5000 s

Checking assumption:
For f = 0.015 velocity V = 5.75 m/s
Reynolds number:
VD
Re =

At T = 150C = 1.14*10-6 m2/s
5.75 * 4
Re = 6
= 2 * 10 7
1.14 * 10
0.9 * 1m / 1000mm
/D = = 0.000225
4
For above Re and /D, from Moodys Chart, we get,

f = 0.014

By, putting the value of f in equation (1) above, we get

 2 * 9.81 * 4
V = (8.3 + 100 76.7 ) = 5.952 m
0.014 * 5000 s
D 2
3.14 * 4 2
m3
Q = VA = V = 5.952 = 74.76
4 4 s

The other results are possible depending on which roughness height is selected from
range for riveted steel given in Table 3.1. The following table shows different values of
friction factor f, Reynolds number, velocity and flow rate for different roughness height.
For best condition the roughness height should be least of that range. The table
shows the effect of roughness height on the flow in the pipe.

e, mm e/D f V, m/s Re Q, m3/s

0.9 0.000225 0.014 5.952 2.09E+07 74.76
1.2 0.0003 0.015 5.750 2.02E+07 72.22
1.6 0.0004 0.016 5.568 1.95E+07 69.93
2.0 0.0005 0.017 5.401 1.90E+07 67.84
2.4 0.0006 0.018 5.249 1.84E+07 65.93
3.2 0.0008 0.019 5.109 1.79E+07 64.17
4.0 0.001 0.02 4.980 1.75E+07 62.55
8.0 0.002 0.0235 4.594 1.61E+07 57.70
9.0 0.00225 0.024 4.546 1.60E+07 57.10
Problem 4

Find the flow rate in connecting pipe shown in figure below for H1=20 m and H2=4 m.
Also draw the plot shown the variation in flow rate due to change in: H1 = 8m, 12m, 16m,
24m, and 28m by keeping H2 constant at 4 m. Consider friction losses in pipe.

D = 0.25 m
H1
L = 200 m
f = 0.02
H2

V12 p1 V2 p
+ + H 1 = 2 + 2 + H 2 + hL12
2g 2g
2
LV
hL = f
D 2g

V1 = 0 V2 = 0
p1 = 0 p2 = 0
L V2
H1 = H 2 + f V=
2g
(H H 2 )
D 2g L 1
f
D
2 * 9.81 m
V= (20 4) = 4.43
200 s
0.02
0.25
D 2 3.14 * 0.25 2 m3
Q = VA = V = 4.43 = 0.22 Q = 0.22
4 4 s

H1 V Q
m m/s m3/s
8 2.215 0.109
12 3.132 0.154
16 3.836 0.188
20 4.429 0.217
24 4.952 0.243
28 5.425 0.266

2g D 2
V= (H H 2 ) Q = VA = V
L 1 4
f
D
 Flow rate vs height H1
0.30

0.25
Flow rate,

0.20
m3/s

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Height H1, m