Old Bazaar, Skopje

Coordinates: 420003N 212613E

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Old Bazaar (Macedonian: , Stara arija;

Albanian: arshia e Vjetr; from the Turkish: ar meaning
marketplace) is a bazaar located in Skopje, situated on the
eastern bank of the Vardar River, stretching from the Stone
Bridge to the Bit-Pazar and from the Skopje Fortress to the
Serava river.[1] The Old Bazaar falls primarily within the
borders of air Municipality but a part of it is located in
Centar Municipality.[2] As one of the oldest and largest
marketplaces in the Balkans, it has been Skopje's centre for
trade and commerce since at least the 12th century.

The earliest known sources that describe the existence of a

merchant quarter on the bazaar's territory date back to the 12th
century.[3] During Ottoman rule of Skopje, the Old Bazaar
developed rapidly to become city's main centre of commerce.
The Ottoman history of the bazaar is evidenced by roughly
thirty mosques, numerous caravanserais and hans, among
other buildings and monuments. The bazaar was heavily
damaged by earthquakes that occurred in 1555 and 1963, as
well as during the First and the Second World Wars and faced
various rebuildings following these events.
Typical street in the Old Bazaar

Beside its importance as a market place the Old Bazaar is

known for its cultural and historical values. Although Ottoman
architecture is predominant, remains of Byzantine architecture are evident as well, while recent reconstructions
have led to the application of elements specific to modern architecture. The Old Bazaar still is home to several
active mosques, trbes, two churches and a clocktower, that, together with the buildings of the Museum of
Macedonia and the Museum of Modern Art, form the core of the modern bazaar.

In recent years there have been a raising interest to make the Bazaar a touristic attraction. On 13 October 2008,
the Macedonian Parliament adopted a law recognising the Old Bazaar as cultural heritage of particular
importance for the country to be permanently protected.[4] In early 2010, the Macedonian Government began a
project for the revitalisation of the Old Bazaar, which includes the restoration of several objects and aiming a
further economic and cultural development of the site.[5] These actions are seen with a good eye by the local
community and not only.

Contents
1 History
1.1 Early period
1.2 Middle Ages
1.2.1 Byzantine rule
1.2.2 Serbian rule
1.2.3 Ottoman Period
2 Landmarks
2.1 Bezisten
2.2 Clock tower
2.3 ifte Hamam
2.4 Daut Pasha Hamam
2.5 Isa Bey Mosque
 2.6 Ishak Bey Mosque
2.7 Kale Fortress
2.8 Kapan Han
2.9 Kurumli Han
2.10 Mustafa Pasha Mosque
2.11 Church of the Holy Salvation
2.12 Stone Bridge
2.13 Suli Han
2.14 Sultan Murad Mosque
2.15 Yahya Pasha Mosque
3 Gallery
3.1 Historical
4 See also
5 References

History
Early period

The earliest known archaeological findings revealed at the Kale Fortress testify that the surrounding area has
been inhabited since 4,000 BC, while the earliest historical facts mention the Paeonians as the first people who
settled up on this area.[6]

Following the fall of the city of Scupi under Roman rule, numerous Roman buildings, such as temples,
thermaes, and theatres were built inside the city, that subsequently promoted it as an important religious and
cultural centre in the Roman Empire.

In 518, Scupi was heavily damaged by a devastating earthquake, which prompted the Byzantine emperor
Justinian I to rebuild a new capital that was located distantly from the destroyed city.[7] Nevertheless, the local
population settled up on a hilly area, where, later, the emperor Justinian ordered the construction of the Kale
Fortress.[6]

During the reign of king Samuel, Skopje was given a particular strategic, political, economic, and cultural
importance, so that the surrounding area of the Kale hill was embanked by the enactment of defensive walls, in
order to keep the treasures that were present in the settlement. At the time, there was a gate named "Watertower
Gate", which was built with the purpose to defend the city against the successive attacks by the Byzantine
emperor Basil II in 1001.[8]

Middle Ages

Byzantine rule

After the fall of the First Bulgarian Empire under Byzantine rule in 1018, the emperor Basil II transformed
Skopje into a capital of a theme and an episcopal see, whose bishop was elected for a four-year term. Following
the death of Basil, his successor, Romanos III Argyros, undertook activities to reconstruct the Monastery of St.
Georgi, which was situated on the place where today the Sultan Murad Mosque is located. It is said that the
monastery, at the time, was one of the most reputable and decorated monasteries in most of the Balkans.[9]

With the coming to power of the Komnenni dynasty in the beginning of the 12th century, the city lived a
relatively calm period and saw significant development. The development was followed by construction of
walls and defense towers around Dolengrad, monasteries and churches. Strong development contributed to the
city to take the position of an important trading center which was visited by merchants from many other places
like Dubrovnik and Republic of Venice.
Serbian rule

In 1282, the Serbian King Stefan Uros II Milutin conquered Skopje, the city became a part of Raska and later
within the medieval Serbian state. This period is characterized by the construction of numerous churches,
monasteries and palaces in and around the city. During his stay in Skopje in 1299 and 1300, the Byzantine
envoy Theodore Metochites noted that apart Gorengrad, there was Dolengrad, which was protected by walls.

King Stefan Dusan In 1345 Skopje was declared the capital of Serbian Kingdom by Stefan Dusan. The
following year he was crowned king in Skopje. During this time the area of bazaar was a particular shopping
center, but the city generally stated as the main trade center with developed crafts, where a special role had
merchants from Dubrovnik and Republic of Venice. During the reign of Tsar Dusan was built and Kursumli An
which served as a military barracks. In addition it is possible that today's Sultan Murat mosque is located in the
exact place where Dushan's royal palace was.

After the death of Stefan Dusan, the city was under Serbian rule until 1392 when Vuk Brankovic surrendered to
the Ottomans and Skopje baceme part of the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman Period

The conquest by the Ottoman Turks rapidly began to change the ethnic composition of the Skopje. The wealth
with which handled the local churches, monasteries, and the population itself passed into the hands of the
Turks. The city transformed into a military stronghold and the construction of several buildings of religious
character changed the architecture of the city. A number of typical Ottoman buildings were built immediately
after the conquest. Those objects were built primarily to serve Muslim population.

Major changes to the architectural character of the current Old Bazaar occurred during governorship of Ishak
Beg and his son Isa Bey. Ishak Beg began construction of Sultan Murad Mosque, which construction was
completed in 1436. In 1438 began construction of Ishak Beg Mosque and the mausoleum where Ishak Beg was
buried. After his death his son and successor, Isa Beg, constructed numerous buildings in what is today Old
Bazaar. These buildings, constructed between 1445 and 1469, were indispensable for the economic
development of the city. Thus, during this time Skopje saw new buildings like Bezisten and ifte Hamam.
After the death of Isa Beg, in accordance with his testament was built Isa Beg Mosque (1475) and later Haji-
kasamova mosque (1489-1490) and Mustafa Pasha Mosque (1492).

In the period from 1489 to 1497 Daut Pasha, Grand Vesir of East Rumelia, invested in the construction of
several buildings in the bazaar, among which the most famous is Daut Pasha Hamam. At the same time were
built imarets i.e. public houses where food was prepared and served to the homeless and travelers who have
stayed in the city.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Bazaar reached its urban and economic zenith, developing into one of
the greatest oriental bazaars in the Balkans. The accelerated development of trade and the construction of new
stores and facilities continued further. In 1504, near the bazaar, Yahya Pasha built Yahya Pasha Mosque which
still survives today. Kurumli Han inn was built in the middle of the century, and in 1543 began the
construction of the Church of the Ascension of Jesus, which was the first Christian project that was approved
during the Ottoman period in Skopje. The strong earthquake which struck in Skopje 1555, caused massive
damage in the bazaar, but the city soon recovered and continued unimpeded development of trade. During this
time most of trade took place thanks to the influential Jewish colony and other colonies were created like that
of merchants from Dubrovnik.

Landmarks
Bezisten
Skopje's bezisten, a covered market, was built in the 15th century by Gazi
Ishak Bey, the Sultan's Skopje regent. It was destroyed by a fire in 1689
and was later rebuilt. The bezisten has looked the same since its renovation
in 1899.[10]

Clock tower

Skopje's clock tower, built in the 16th century on the foundations of an

older edifice, is located just north of the Sultan Murad Mosque. Originally
built of wood, the top was replaced with bricks in 1902.[11]

The hexagonal tower was heavily damaged during the 1963 earthquake. It
was soon fully repaired.[10]

ifte Hamam
Bezisten

The ifte Hamam (Turkish for 'double

bath'), located in the centre of the old
bazaar, was built in the 15th century under Isa Bey. The building is divided
into two wings (hence the name 'double'): one for men and one for women.
The layout of both sections are nearly identical.[12]

The ifte Hamam was used as a bathhouse until 1915. After suffering
damages during the 1963 earthquake, it was repaired and has housed the
Contemporary Art Gallery since then.[13]
ifte Hamam

Daut Pasha Hamam

Daut Pasha, Grand Vesir of East Rumelia, constructed this hamam in the 15th century. The building consists of
fifteen rooms covered by thirteen domes. The two largest domes covered the two changing rooms and the rest
of the domes covered individual bathing rooms.[14]

Since 1948, the Daut Paa Hamam has housed the National Art Gallery.[10]

Isa Bey Mosque

Situated on the outskirts of the bazaar, this mosque was built as a memorial for
Isa Bey after his death. The mosque has two dominant domes and five smaller
ones above the porch area.[10]

Ishak Bey Mosque

Also known as the Decorated (Alada) Mosque because of the floral decorations,
inscriptions and coloured tiles found on its walls, the Ishak Bey Mosque was
constructed in 1438 in the northern part of the Old Bazaar. The mosque's minaret
rises 30 meters (98.4 feet). There is a trbe located behind the mosque.[15]

Kale Fortress
Ishak Bey Mosque

Located on the highest hill in Skopje, overlooking the city and the river, the area
upon which the fortress was built was first inhabited in prehistoric times,
according to archaeological findings.[16]

Most researchers believe that the fortress was first constructed in the 11th century.[16]
Kapan Han

One of the three remaining caravanserais in the Old Bazaar, the Kapan Han
was built in the 15th century. The rooms in the upper floor were available to
guests, while the ground floor was used as a stable to house the guests' horses
and cattle.[17]

Kurumli Han

The largest of the three remaining Kapan Han

caravanserais, the Kurumli Han (Turkish
for 'Lead Inn') was built by Musein Odza,
the son of a scientist at Sultan Selim IIs court, in the 16th century.[18]

The roof of the inn was once covered in lead (hence the name), but was
removed during World War I. The Kurumli Han also has several small
pyramidically-shaped domes. The building has a ground floor, which housed
Kurumli Han the cattle and horses, and a first floor, which housed the guests.[10]

The attached mosque, built in the 17th century, and most of the hamam, built
in the 15th century, were destroyed in the 1963 earthquake.

Today, the former han houses the statue collection of the Museum of Macedonia.[19]

Mustafa Pasha Mosque

The Mustafa Paa Mosque, built in 1492 by Mustafa Paa on an older Christian site,[20] stands above the Old
Bazaar, near Kale Fortress. Considered one of the most elegant Islamic buildings in Macedonia, the complex
includes the mosque, the tomb of Mustapha Paa, the sarcophagus of one of his daughters, a fountain, and
remnants of other buildings.

The mosque is square in shape and its largest dome is 16 metres (52.5 feet) in diameter. The porch is positioned
on four marble pillars, decorated with stalactite, and covered by three small domes. The interior is decorated
and includes calligraphic inscriptions. The minaret of Mustafa Paa Mosque, rising 42 metres (137.8 feet)[21]
is made of limestone.

Mustafa Paa is buried in the hexagonal marble trbe covered by a dome above a short eight-sided tambour.
Umi, one of his four daughters, is buried in the decorated sarcophagus which includes Persian inscriptions on
two of the four walls. The mosque courtyard is filled with roses and, due to its elevated location, offers a
distinct view of the Old Bazaar.[10]

Church of the Holy Salvation

Constructed in the 19th century on the foundations of an older church,[22] half

of the church was built underground as it was illegal under Ottoman rule for
Christian buildings to be taller than Islamic buildings so mosques could
dominate the city skyline. The church got its present appearance in the 19th
century.

Entrance to the Church of Holy
Salvation in Skopje
The church's iconstasis was carved in wood and is 10 metres (32.8 feet) long,
4.5 to 7 metres (14.8 to 23 feet) in height.[10]
Revolutionary Goce Delev is buried in a white stone sarcophagus in the
church's courtyard.[23]
Stone Bridge

The Stone Bridge, across the Vardar River, connects the Old
Bazaar to Macedonia Square in the new part of the city. The
bridge, built in the 15th century under Sultan Murad, was built of
stone blocks as its name suggests, which has helped it survive the
fires and earthquakes Skopje has seen. The Stone Bridge has had
the same appearance since it was first built.[10]
Stone Bridge at night
The bridge has 12 semicircular arches and is 214 metres (702 feet)
long. During Ottoman rule, countless executions were conducted
on the Stone Bridge.[24]

Suli Han

The Suli Han was built under Ishak Bey in the 15th century. It has two floors with the upper having 54 rooms
for the guests and the lower for the guests' cattle. It was fully repaired after sustaining heavy damaged during
the 1963 earthquake.[25]

The han today houses the Skopje Academy of Art and the Old Bazaar Museum.[10]

Sultan Murad Mosque

Sultan Murad built this mosque in 1463, just south of where the clock
tower would be built. The mosque has remained mostly undamaged
through the fires and earthquakes Skopje has sustained.

The Sultan Murad Mosque is rectangular in shape, with a porch including

four columns with decorated caplets, connected by arcades.[10]

Yahya Pasha Mosque

Yahya Paa Mosque The Yahya Pasha Mosque was built in 1504 for Yahya Pasha.[26] During
World War I, the mosque was used as a German weapons and ammunition
production facility.

The mosque's minaret is roughly 50 metres (164 feet) tall. There are several tombs and a burial chamber in the
Yahya Paa Mosque's courtyard.[10]

Gallery
 Kale Fortress Trbe at Ishak Bey Street in old bazaar View over Daut Paa
Mosque Hamam

Old school Clock tower of the Old Street in old bazaar Mustafa Paa Mosque
Bazaar

Stone Bridge Clock tower of St. Goce Delev's tomb at Isa Bey Mosque
Demetrius Church St. Spas

A view from Old

Bazaar

Historical
 Old town in 1920s Sultan Murad Mosque Postcard with clock Stone Bridge in 1909
tower

St. Demetrius Church in St. Spas Church in the Kale Fortress in the Mustafa Paa Mosque
1935 1920s 1920s

See also
Bazaar
Ottoman Vardar Macedonia
Economy of the Republic of Macedonia

References
1. : (http://staracarsija.mk/index.php?option=com_content&view=art
icle&id=127&Itemid=27&lang=mk), staracarsija.mk.
2. SETimes (http://setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/blogreview/2010/10/08/blog
-03)
3. Old Bazaaar - Skopje (http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/default.asp?ItemID=7F8C63EBC722BE42A
26410EDD0DE8F9C), Macedonia National Tourism Portal.
4. (http://www.vecer.com.mk/default.asp?ItemID=388D270
26ECEC542ACA031FED5567095), Veer, 15 October 2008.
5. (http://www.dnevnik.com.mk/default-mk.asp?itemID
=3A09BA95C0B1804BA63742A4B9927F98&arc=1), Dnevnik, 17 February 2010.
6. : (http://staracarsija.mk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article
&id=126&Itemid=84&lang=mk), sataracarsija.mk.
7. Dragojevi Josifovska, Inscriptions de la Msie Suprieure (IMS), vol. VI, Scupi et la rgion de
Kumanovo, Beograd, 1982.
8. (http://www.ii.edu.mk/pr
edmeti/mm/20052006/mmproekti/skopje_stara_charshija/istorijat-do-samuil.html),
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9. XI XII (http://www.ii.edu.mk/predmeti/mm/20052006/mmproekti/
skopje_stara_charshija/istorijat-sreden-vek-1.html), .
10. http://www.culture.org.mk/eskopje%20frames.htm
11. GoMacedonia (http://www.gomacedonia.com/clock_tower.shtml)
12. skopje.mk (http://www.skopje.mk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=21)
 13. In Your Pocket (http://www.inyourpocket.com/macedonia/skopje/sightseeing/ottoman-skopje/cifte-hama
m_29099v)
14. In Your Pocket (http://www.inyourpocket.com/macedonia/skopje/sightseeing/ottoman-skopje/Daut-Pasha
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15. In Your Pocket (http://www.inyourpocket.com/macedonia/skopje/sightseeing/ottoman-skopje/Ishak-Bey-
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17. In Your Pocket (http://www.inyourpocket.com/macedonia/skopje/sightseeing/ottoman-skopje/Kapan-Han
-29113v?all_chapters=1)
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19. In Your Pocket (http://www.inyourpocket.com/macedonia/skopje/sightseeing/ottoman-skopje/Kursumli-
Han-29103v)
20. GoMacedonia (http://www.gomacedonia.com/mustafa_pasha.shtml)
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sha-Mosque_29095v)
22. Soros (http://www.soros.org.mk/konkurs/076/angver/crkva_svspas.html)
23. Exploring Macedonia (http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/?ItemID=60170837F99D7A4AAF93A56C3
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24. GoMacedonia (http://www.gomacedonia.com/stone_bridge.shtml)
25. skopje.mk (http://www.skopje.mk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=21)
26. Macedonia.co.uk (http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=385)

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