Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Text Types
===============================================
General Instructional Objectives:
At the end of this course, the students generally are expected to be able to write
texts based on the genres of writing.
At the end of this course, the students specifically are expected to:
To know the basic theory of the genres of texts: recount, report, analytical
exposition, news item, anecdote, narration, procedure, description, hortatory
exposition, explanation, discussion, review, and commentary.
To be able to analyze the social function, schematic structure, and significant
grammatical patterns of texts.
To be able to write texts based on the genres.
Modeling of Text:
Step
Step 22
CLASS TEACHER
Cultural context
Social function
Schematic structure
Linguistic features
Study the model text shown by the teacher or read it yourself or collectively
in the references.
Develop an understanding of the social function and purpose of the text:
Why are such texts written?
By whom are they written and read?
What is the context in which they will be used?
Text
1 Recount
A. Study the schematic structure of the following text.
Schematic
Structure
1/9/2011
Dear Dewi,
It was fun.
Love,
B. Study the linguistic features
Dini of the following text.
1/9/2011
Who
Dear Dewi,
When?
Dini
Text
English Text Types: Theory and Practice/Jamaludin, S.Pd., M.Pd. 5
2 Spoof
A. Text Analysis (Schematic Structure)
Study the schematic structure analysis of the spoof text below.
Past Tense
from a few words, I do not know any
French at all. Neither of us spoke during Human
participant
Past Tense the journey. s
Text
Analytical
3 Exposition
A. Study the schematic structure of the text.
Reiteration/
English Text Types: Theory and Practice/Jamaludin, S.Pd., M.Pd. 8
Reiteration/
Summing Up
Summing Up
or simplify procedures which, in the long term, save
expense.
Words that
Words that
indicate writers
indicate writers
It is a well-known fact that it is a dilemma for attitude
attitude
many people to make a will, without the
added problems of deciding who should draw
up this document. Verbs of
Verbs of
thinking and
This task is made simple with the thinking and
feeling
feeling
availability of service from the Public Trust
Officer.
Firstly the Office has a large efficient staff Verbs of
Verbs of
which includes barristers, solicitors, having and
having and
being
accountants, valuers, and qualified property being
inspector. Knowledge of the legal aspect is
very well covered.
Also the charges need consideration. Here Verbs of
Verbs of
at this Office there are no charges for making having and
having and
or the holding of a will. being
being
Furthermore, the Public Trustee is guaranteed Verbs of
by the State of Queensland and has special Verbs of
thinking and
thinking and
feeling
feeling
English Text Types: Theory and Practice/Jamaludin, S.Pd., M.Pd. 9
Modalities
Modalities
powers to solve problems or simplify
procedures which, in the long term, save
expense.
Therefore, it can be clearly seen that there
is only one sound choice in making your will
the Public Trustee as it is permanent,
efficient, and secure. You should consider
this!
Text
News Item
4
A. Study the schematic structure of the text.
Text
Narrative
5
A. Study the schematic structure of the text.
Cinderella
Once upon a
time there was a
young girl named
Orientation
Orientation Cinderella who lived
with her stepmother
and two stepsisters.
Cinderellas
stepmother and
stepsisters were
conceited
(sombong) and bad
tempered
Major
Major (gampang marah). They treated Cinderella very
Complication
Complication badly. Her stepmother made Cinderella do the
hardest work in the house, such as scrubbing
(ngepel) the floor and cleaning the pots and pans.
She gave Cinderella an old ragged (rombeng) dress
to wear. The two stepsisters, on the other hand, did
not work about the house, and their mother gave
them many handsome dresses to wear.
Complication
Complication
English Text Types: Theory and Practice/Jamaludin, S.Pd., M.Pd. 12
One day the two stepsisters received an
invitation to a ball (pesta dansa) that the kings son
was going to give at the palace. They were excited
about this and spent so much time choosing the
dresses they would wear. At last the day of the ball
came, and away went the sisters to it. Cinderella
could not help crying after they had left.
Cinderella
Specific Once upon a time there was a young girl named Cinderella
Participant who lived with her stepmother and two stepsisters.
Cinderellas stepmother and stepsisters were conceited
Past Tense and bad tempered. They treated Cinderella very badly. Her
stepmother made Cinderella do the hardest work in the house,
such as scrubbing the floor and cleaning the pots and pans. She
Action Verb gave Cinderella an old ragged dress to wear. The two stepsisters,
on the other hand, did no work about the house, and their
Circumstances
mother gave them many handsome dresses to wear.
of time
One day the two stepsisters received an invitation to a ball
Circumstances that the kings son was going to give at the palace. They were
of place excited about this and spent so much time choosing the dresses
they would wear. At last the day of the ball came, and away went
Conjunction the sisters to it. Cinderella could not help crying after they had
left.
Saying verb Why are you crying, Cinderella? A voice asked. She
looked up and saw her fairy godmother standing beside her.
Linking verb Because I want so much to go to the ball, said Cinderella.
Well, said her godmother, youve been such a cheerful,
uncomplaining, hardworking girl that I am going to see that you
Action Verb
do go to the ball.
Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin into a
fine coach and mice into a coachman and two footmen. Her
Connector
godmother tapped Cinderellas ragged dress with her wand, and it
became a beautiful ball gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty
Saying verb glass slippers. Now, Cinderella, she said, you must leave before
midnight. Then, away she drove in her beautiful coach.
Past tense Cinderella was having a wonderfully good time. She
danced again and again with the kings son. Suddenly, the clock
began to strike twelve. She ran towards the door as quickly as
Saying verb she could. In her hurry, one of her glass slippers came off and
was left behind.
Past tense
Mental verb
A few days later the kings son proclaimed he would marry
the girl whose foot fitted the glass slipper. The kings page came
to Cinderellas house. Her stepsisters tried on the slipper but it
was too small for them no matter how hard they squeezed their
toes into it. The kings page let Cinderella try on the slipper. She
stuck out her foot, and the page slipped the slipper on. It fitted
perfectly.
Finally, she was driven to the palace. The kings son was
overjoyed to see her again. They were married and lived happily
ever after.
Text
Procedure
6
Schematic
Schematic
Structure
Structure
A. Study the schematic structure of the text.
Step
Step 88
5. Sieve and blend until smooth, with remaining
ingredients.
6. Return to pan and heat. Remove pan from stove and
cool.
7. Add beaten egg yolks and cream, stirring gently. Do
not boil.
8. Garnish with chopped parsley and serve.
Action verb into the hole. The person flicking the last marble into
the hole wins and gets to keep both marbles.
Action verb
Taken from
Making Sense of Functional Grammar
Text
Descriptive
7
A. Study the schematic structure of the text.
Borobudur Temple
Identification
Identification Borobudur is a great Buddhist temple.
Borobudur Temple
English
Noun Text Types: Theory and Practice/Jamaludin, S.Pd., M.Pd.
phrase 18
Adjective
passages and stairways. The design of Borobudur, a
temple-mountain symbolizing the structure of the
universe, influenced temples built at Angkor,
Cambodia. Borobudur was rededicated as an
Indonesian national monument in 1983 following
extensive reclamation, aided by the United Nations.
Text
Hortatory
8 Exposition
A. Study the schematic structure of the text.
Yours sincerely,
Yours sincerely,
Text How
HowaaSpiders
SpidersWebWebForms
Forms
Explanation
9
AAspider
spider web looks delicate butititisisvery
web looks delicate but very
General
General strong. It can hold 4000 times a spiders
strong. It can hold 4000 times a spiders
Statement weight.
Statement weight.But
Buthow
howdoes
doesititform
form
First
First
A. Study the following the
thespider
spider
schematic spins
spinsaof
structure athread
thread
the ofofsilk.
text. silk.The
The
thread
threadgets
getsblown
blownover
overtotoaabranch
branchby bythe
the
wind. Then she makes
wind. Then she makes another twoanother two
Explanation:
threads
threads andand makes
makes aa YY shape.
shape. Next
Next she
she
Explanation: makes more threads and they look like
Shows the makes more threads and they look like
Shows the
processes
processes spokes
spokesoff offaawheel.
wheel.Then
Thenthe
thespider
spidergoes
goes
inin aa spiral,
spiral, out and back in, sits in the
out and back in, sits in the
middle and waits for food.
middle and waits for food.
Closing This
Thisisishow
howaaweb
webisisformed.
formed.
Closing
www.tki.org.nz/r/assessment/exempl
www.tki.org.nz/r/assessment/exempl
ars/eng/
ars/eng/
First
First the
the spider
spider spins
spins aa thread
thread ofof
Conjunctive
silk.
silk.The
Thethread
threadgets
getsblown
blownover
overtoto relation
aa branch
branch by
by the
the wind.
wind. Then
Then she
she Action verb
makes
makes another
another two
two threads
threads and
and
Conjunctive
makes
makesaaYYshape.
shape.Next
Nextshe
shemakes
makes relation
more
more threads
threads and
and they
they look
look like
like Conjunctive
spokes
spokes off
off aa wheel.
wheel. Then
Then the
the
relation
spider
spider goes
goes inin aa spiral,
spiral, out
out and
and
Conjunctive
back
back in,
in, sits
sits inin the
the middle
middle and
and relation
waits
waitsfor
forfood.
food. Passive voice
This
Thisisishow
howaaweb
webisisformed.
formed.
www.tki.org.nz/r/assessment/ex
www.tki.org.nz/r/assessment/ex
emplars/eng/
emplars/eng/
Issue
Issue
Boxing
By Kerry Williams
Argument
Argument
against
against There was a lot of discussion about whether
boxing should be banned.
The people who agree with this idea, such as
Sarah, claim that if they do carry on boxing they
should wear something to protect their heads. They
also argue that people who do boxing could have
Argument
Argument brain damage and get seriously hurt. A further point
for they make is that most of the people that have died
for
did have families.
http://www.readingonline.or/articles/writing/discuss1.
htm
B. Study the linguistic features of the text.
Generic
human
participant
Generic Boxing
non-human
participant By Kerry Williams
modality There was a lot of discussion about whether
boxing should be banned.
Being verb The people who agree with this idea, such as
Sarah, claim that if they do carry on boxing they
Conjunctive should wear something to protect their heads. They
relation also argue that people who do boxing could have
brain damage and get seriously hurt. A further point
Mental verb they make is that most of the people that have died
did have families.
However, there are also strong arguments
Saying verb against this point of view. Another group of people
believe that boxing should not be banned. They say
Conjunctive that why they invent it if it is a dangerous sport.
relation
modality
English Text Types: Theory and Practice/Jamaludin, S.Pd., M.Pd. 24
Mental verb
They say that boxing is a good sport, people enjoy
it. A furthermore reason is if they ban boxing it will
ruin peoples careers.
After looking at the different points of view
and the evidence for them I think boxing should be
banned because five hundred people have died in
boxing since 1884.
http://www.readingonline.or/articles/writing/discuss1.htm
Text
11 Review
A. Study the schematic structure of the text.
Orientation:
Harry
HarryPotter
Potterand
andthe
theChamber
Chamberof
ofSecrets
Secrets
Orientation:
Introduces By J.K. Rowling
Introduces By J.K. Rowling
the work Reviewed by Emily Kremer
the work
elements. Reviewed by Emily Kremer
The book takes place in modern times, in England. The main character is Harry Potter.
elements.
The book takes place in modern times, in England. The main character is Harry Potter.
Harry Potter is a wizard. He goes to a school for witches and wizards, called Hogwarts.
Harry Potter is a wizard. He goes to a school for witches and wizards, called Hogwarts.
It is Harrys second year at Hogwarts and he and his two best friends, Hermione Granger
It is Harrys second year at Hogwarts and he and his two best friends, Hermione Granger
and Ron Weasley are having a great time learning magic. There is a new professor, Gilderoy
and Ron Weasley are having a great time learning magic. There is a new professor, Gilderoy
Lockhart who all the witches are crazy about! Professor Lockhart keeps nagging Harry,
Lockhart who all the witches are crazy about! Professor Lockhart keeps nagging Harry,
because the professor thinks that Harry tries to get attention to be famous! While all the
Interpretati
ve because
Recount:at the
Interpretati professor thinks that Harry tries to get attention to be famous! While all the
witches
ve Recount: school love the new professor, all of the wizards think he is a big joke!
Setswitches
plot of at school love the new professor, all of the wizards think he is a big joke!
Sets After
plot
the story:of a month of school at Hogwarts, strange attacks begin to happen. First, the
After a month of school at Hogwarts, strange attacks begin to happen. First, the
the story:
caretakers
Opening cat, Mrs. Norris, has been found, not dead, but petrified! Not only was Filchs cat
caretakers cat, Mrs. Norris, has been found, not dead, but petrified! Not only was Filchs cat
Opening
attacked,
Climax but some of the Muggle-born students at Hogwarts have been found petrified, also.
attacked, but some of the Muggle-born students at Hogwarts have been found petrified, also.
Climax
Naturally, all of the students are frightened at this, but they become even more scared when
Naturally, all of the students are frightened at this, but they become even more scared when
the next victim to be found petrified is the Gryffindor ghost, Nearly Headless Nick!
the next victim to be found petrified is the Gryffindor ghost, Nearly Headless Nick!
What kind of monster is powerful enough to kill someone who is already dead? Who will
What kind of monster is powerful enough to kill someone who is already dead? Who will
be the next victim of the monster at Hogwarts? Will the victims ever be revived? To find out
be the next victim of the monster at Hogwarts? Will the victims ever be revived? To find out
you must read Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets! I have to say that the story was
you must read Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets! I have to say that the story was
bright, fast-paced, intriguing, and ultimately satisfying.
Resolution:
bright, fast-paced, intriguing, and ultimately satisfying.
Resolution:
The I like this book because it kept me wanting to read next page, and the next, and so on.
writer
The I like this book because it kept me wanting to read next page, and the next, and so on.
writer
The
draws book
a is definitely a page-turner! I recommend this book to nine years old and over.
The
draws book
a
questioning is definitely a page-turner! I recommend this book to nine years old and over.
ofquestioning
the story
of the story
ending. Taken from http://nome.nosd.schoolaccess.net
ending. Taken from http://nome.nosd.schoolaccess.net
Evaluative
Evaluative
Summation:
Summation:
Shows
Shows
the writer
sthe writer
opinions
ors opinions
English
or
criticism.
Text Types: Theory and Practice/Jamaludin, S.Pd., M.Pd. 25
criticism.
B. Study the following text and its language features.
Specific
participant
Circumstance of Harry
HarryPotter
Potterand
andthe
theChamber
Chamberof
ofSecrets
Secrets
place By
ByJ.K.
J.K.Rowling
Rowling
Reviewed
Reviewed by EmilyKremer
by Emily Kremer
The bookTense
Present takes place in modern times, in England. The main character is Harry Potter. Harry Pot
The book takes place in modern times, in England. The main character is Harry Potter. Harry Po
wizard. He goes to a school for witches and wizards, called Hogwarts.
wizard. He goes to a school for witches and wizards, called Hogwarts.
It is Harrys second year at Hogwarts and he and his two best friends, Hermione Granger and Ron W
It is Harrys second year at Hogwarts and he and his two best friends, Hermione Granger and Ron
are having a great time learning magic. There is a new professor, Gilderoy Lockhart who all the witc
Specific
are having a great time learning magic. There is a new professor, Gilderoy Lockhart who all the wit
crazy about! Professor Lockhart keeps nagging Harry, because the professor thinks that Harry tries
participant
crazy about! Professor Lockhart keeps nagging Harry, because the professor thinks that Harry trie
attention to be famous! While all the witches at school love the new professor, all of the wizards think he
attention to be famous! While all the witches at school love the new professor, all of the wizards think h
joke!
joke!Nominal groups
After a month of school at Hogwarts, strange attacks begin to happen. First, the caretakers c
After a month of school at Hogwarts, strange attacks begin to happen. First, the caretakers
Norris, has been found, not dead, but petrified! Not only was Filchs cat attacked, but some of the Mugg
Norris, has been found, not dead, but petrified! Not only was Filchs cat attacked, but some of the Mug
students at Hogwarts have been found petrified, also. Naturally, all of the students are frightened at t
students at Hogwarts have been found petrified, also. Naturally, all of the students are frightened at
they Circumstance
become even of more scared when the next victim to be found petrified is the Gryffindor ghost,
they become time even more scared when the next victim to be found petrified is the Gryffindor ghos
Headless Nick!
Headless Nick!
What kind of monster is powerful enough to kill someone who is already dead? Who will be the nex
What kind of monster is powerful enough to kill someone who is already dead? Who will be the ne
of the monster at Hogwarts? Will the victims ever be revived? To find out you must read Harry Potter
of the monster at Hogwarts? Will the victims ever be revived? To find out you must read Harry Potter
Chamber of Secrets!ofI have to say that the story was bright, fast-paced, intriguing, and ultimately satisfyi
Circumstance
Chamber of Secrets! I have to say that the story was bright, fast-paced, intriguing, and ultimately satisfy
I like this book because it kept me wanting to read next page, and the next, and so on. The
manner
I like this book because it kept me wanting to read next page, and the next, and so on. The
definitely a page-turner! I recommend this book to nine years old and over.
definitely a page-turner! I recommend this book to nine years old and over.
Action
Taken verb
from http://nome.nosd.schoolaccess.net
Taken from http://nome.nosd.schoolaccess.net
Words to
indicate writers
attitude
Circumstance of
manner
English Text Types: Theory and Practice/Jamaludin, S.Pd., M.Pd. 26
References
Boardman, C.A. and Frydenberg, J. 2002. Writing to Communicate: Paragraph and
Essay. New York: Longman.
Derewianka, B. 1995. Exploring How Texts Work. Australia: Primary English
Teaching Association.
Gerot, L. and Wignell, P. 195. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. NSW:
Antipodean Educational Enterprises.
Hammond, J., et al. 1992. English for Social Puposes. Sydney: national Centre for
English Language Teaching and Research.
Hannessy, M. 1998. The Random House: Practice for Writers. New York: American
Book Company.
Harmer, J. 2004. How to Teach Writing. England: Longman.
Hartono, R. 2004. Genre-Based Writing. English Department of Semarang State
University. Unpublished.
2004. Belajar Kreatif Bahasa Inggris. Bekas: Pustaka Gemilang.
Macken, M. 1991. Book 1: An Introduction to Genre-Based Writing. Australia:
Common Ground for Literary & Education Research Network.
Martin, C. et al. 1985. Exploring American English: Writing Skills for Classroom
and Career. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Oshima, A. and Hogue, A. 1988. Introduction to Academic Writing. USA: Addison-
Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.