Nobel Laureates in Medicine

2009 - Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol "For the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres
W. Greider, Jack W. Szostak and the enzyme telomerase"

2008 - Harald zur Hausen, Françoise "for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"
Barré-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier

2007 - Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. "for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene
Evans, Oliver Smithies modifications in mic by the use of embryonic stem cells"

2006 - Andrew Z. Fire, Craig C. Mello “For their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-
stranded RNA".

2005 - Barry J. Marshall, J. Robin "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role
Warren in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease"

Nobel Laureates in Chemistry

2009 - Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, "For studies of the structure and function of the ribosome".
Thomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonath

2008 - Osamu Shimomura, Martin "For the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein,
Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien GFP".

2007 - Gerhard Ertl "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces".

2006 - Roger D. Kornberg "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription"

2005 - Yves Chauvin, Robert H. "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"
Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock

2004 - Aaron Ciechanover, Avram "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"
Hershko, Irwin Rose
2009 - Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, "For studies of the structure and function of the ribosome".
Thomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonath

2008 - Osamu Shimomura, Martin "For the discovery and development of the green fluorescent
Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien protein, GFP".

2007 - Gerhard Ertl "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces".

2006 - Roger D. Kornberg "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic
transcription"

2005 - Yves Chauvin, Robert H. "for the development of the metathesis method in organic
Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock synthesis"

2004 - Aaron Ciechanover, Avram "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein

Hershko, Irwin Rose degradation"

2003 - Peter Agre, Roderick "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes"
MacKinnon
"for the discovery of water channels"

"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels"

2002 - John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, "for the development of methods for identification and
Kurt Wüthrich structure analyses of biological macromolecules"

"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods

for mass spectrometric analyses of biological
macromolecules"

"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance

spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional
structure of biological macromolecules in solution"

2001 - William S. Knowles, Ryoji "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation
Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless reactions"

"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions"

2000 - Alan Heeger, Alan G. "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers"
MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakaw