Since the mass outflow travels through the control surface

surrounding the control volume, the rate of change of

WEEK 4. Conservation Equations mass of the control volume, must equal the rate that mass
4.1 Mass conservation escapes through the control surface.

The mass of a differential volume in a control volume is We have,

given by, = . The total mass within the control
volume is hence, =

= + =0

The mass flow rate into or out of the control volume can Thus,
hence be expressed as,
+ =0 (1)
=
Now recall Leibnizs rule. If and are constants, then
Now consider mass flow into or out of the control volume
via a differential area on the control surface of the ( , ) = ( , )
control volume.
Gauss divergence theorem says that,

Applying these to (1) yields,

+ =0

Since this expression must hold for every arbitrarily shaped

volume, the only way it can be satisfied is if the integrand
Let be a unit vector normal to and be the flow
vanishes identically or,
velocity at .

In general, the velocity may cross at an angle off of . + =0

The normal component of can be expressed as,

= cos

Since the magnitude of is 1, we can write,

= ||
cos =

The mass flow rate through , a differential area on the

control volume, is proportional to , and and can be
expressed as,

= =

Hence if we want to determine the mass outflow from the

entire control surface of the control volume, we need to
integrate it over the entire control surface: