Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
SOFTWARE MODULE
for
Two-Point Bending Test
MANUALE DI ISTRUZIONI
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Manuale di Istruzioni DYNAPAVE Software
DYNAPAVE Software Instruction Manual
CONTENTS
This instruction manual is an integral part of the machine and should be read before using the machine
and be safely kept for future reference.
CONTROLS reserves all rights of this manual; no part or whole can be copied without the written
permission of CONTROLS.
The proper use of this machine must be strictly adhered to, any other use must be considered as
incorrect.
The manufacturer cannot be held responsible for damage caused by incorrect use of the machine.
The machine must not be tampered with for any reason. In case of tampering, the manufacturer
declines any responsibility of functioning and safety of the machine.
CONTROLS reserve the right to update its manuals without notification in order to correct possible
typing errors, mistakes, updating of information and/or updating of programs and/or accessories.
Such changes will be inserted in the latest edition of the current manual.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This test module allows the user to carry out a two-point bending test, using
Controls DYNPAVE 30kN test frame (78-B7030) and a 2-point bending jig (78-
B7140), in order to calculate the fatigue life or stiffness modulus of a trapezoidal
asphalt specimen. The software enables a test to be performed to EN 12697-24
Annex A or EN 12697-26 Annex A test standards.
The user can choose the control mode for the fatigue test (displacement, strain,
stress or load), and also select the wave shape. Once a test is started, all the
parameters are controlled by the software as it applies the loading cycles to the
specimen.
During the test the software displays real-time test data and calculated cycle
summary data. A graph is also displayed, which the user can adapt to show a
wide variety of different data sets, for example, real-time load or displacement
values against time or cycle number, cycle summary data for load, stress, strain,
modulus, phase angle or temperature, or a hysteresis loop of stress against
strain.
A test report and an ASCII file containing all the relevant information, data and
results of a test can be easily generated after a test has been completed.
A provision to create template files means that the user can quickly and easily
set up repeat tests without re-entering any test parameters.
The software also contains functions for managing the DYNAPAVE system,
which allows the user to calibrate transducers, set system limits, edit the
language of the software and tune the control channels. Details of these
features, which are common to all the test modules, can be found in the
Dynapave Main Software manual.
This icon indicates a NOTE; please read the items marked by this icon
carefully.
This icon indicates an WARNING message; the items marked by this icon
refer to the safety aspects of the operator and / or the service engineer.
This icon indicates an WARNING message; the items marked by this icon
refer to the risk of hand injury to the operator and / or the service
engineer.
This icon indicates that INFORMATION about how the item is calculated
can be found in the Appendix (Section 6.0).
NOTE:
Please read this chapter thoroughly.
CONTROLS designs and builds its equipment in compliance with relevant safety
requirements; furthermore it supplies all information necessary for correct usage
and warnings related to use of the equipment.
Only authorised and qualified service technicians may remove the covers and/or
gain access to the components under voltage.
During normal use, if the operator detects irregularities or damage, he/she should
immediately inform the authorised and qualified service technician.
Below is a list of all the warnings found in this manual; details of each safety
related issue can be found in the relevant sections.
WARNING:
The test specimens and jigs can be heavy and awkward to carry. To avoid
injury, take care and use appropriate personal protection equipment when
loading/unloading specimens from the test frame.
WARNING:
The correct test frame must be selected in the software before the pressure
is switched on. If the incorrect test frame is selected in the software when
the pressure is switched on, there is a risk of damage to equipment and
danger to personnel due to uncontrolled movement of the actuator.
WARNING:
Keep hands/fingers away from the moving parts of the jig and the test frame
while applying load to the specimen.
WARNING:
When working with the jig in the test frame, keep hands/fingers away from
the moving parts of the jig and the test frame.
WARNING:
The door of the thermostatic cabinet must be kept closed when a test is
running.
Table 1-1 details those parts of the system that may present some residual risk
to the safety of personnel if the instructions provided in this manual and the
hardware manuals are not duly followed.
Table 1-1
2.0 DESCRIPTION
2.1 Main features
Allows the user to carry out a two-point bending test to EN12697-24 Annex A
or EN12697-26 Annex A standards
Tests can be performed in load, stress, displacement or strain control
Temperatures and transducer readings are displayed and monitored
throughout the test
Different wave shapes can be selected for the test, including a user-defined
wave shape
Measured and calculated test data are displayed for the loading cycles,
including: complex modulus, bending displacement, load, stress and phase
angle
User-defined plots of cycle data are displayed for actual readings, cycle
summary (peak and valley), or a hysteresis loop
Tests can be automatically stopped according to user-defined termination
criteria
ASCII files can be created, containing all the test information and data,
transducer readings and test results
A one-page test report can be generated, containing specimen details, test
parameters and tabulated and graphical test results
Previous tests can be reviewed and printed.
NOTE:
The two-point bending test can only be performed with the 30kN servo-
hydraulic test frame (78-B7030).
Fig. 3-3
Fig. 3-6
Fig. 3-7
A wave shape file is a .udw file, which is created using the program UDW
Generator that accompanies this software.
Click the open folder icon to the right of the cell to locate your required .udw
file.
For information on how to create a .udw file, see the Dynapave Main
Software manual, Section 5.9.
3.5.8.2
3.5.8.3
This value is taken from the Maximum cycle count cell (Item 3.5.8.1) on the
Specimen setup panel.
3.6.12.2
3.6.12.3
3.6.12.4
3.6.12.5
Fig. 3-11
3.6.14 Graph
Displays graphical test data.
The type of data displayed on the graph depends on which options are
selected from the Graph options (Item 3.6.12).
Fig. 3-12
TEST
SPECIMEN
LOAD CELL
END PLATES
LVDT PORT
EXTERNAL
LVDT
Fig. 4-1
A locking mechanism secures the jig to the test frame to ensure that the jig
does not move during cycling
Includes a set of end plates (one base, one top) to be glued to the specimen
for mounting in the jig
The jig is designed to be operated by one person, who will mount the asphalt
specimen, install the jig into a test frame and start the test using the software
installed on the PC.
During normal use, the working area of the system for the operator is in front of
the PC, which should be located adjacent to the test frame.
WARNING:
The test specimens and jigs can be heavy and awkward to carry. To avoid
injury, take care and use appropriate personal protection equipment when
loading/unloading specimens from the test frame.
The jig must never be used for reasons other than those for which it was
designed and manufactured. Any other use of the jig must be considered
improper and consequently dangerous.
CONTROLS will not be held responsible for damage or injury caused by
improper use of the jig.
NOTE:
If the delivery crate or packaging material is found to be damaged, it should
be retained until the equipment has been checked.
If the equipment is damaged and/or the contents are incomplete, notify your
local CONTROLS representative.
If the delivery crate is damaged or shows signs of stress, notify the carrier
as well as your CONTROLS representative. Retain the shipping material
for the carriers inspection and, if possible, take photographs.
When carrying the jig, ensure that it is held securely with both hands.
WARNING:
The test specimens and jigs can be heavy and awkward to carry. To avoid
injury, take care and use appropriate personal protection equipment when
loading/unloading specimens from the test frame.
The procedure for connecting the ram to the two-point bending jig is covered in
Section 5.2.
Test frame
load cell
Round-ended Flat-ended
loading ram loading ram
Actuator
piston
LOAD CELL
EYE BOLT
SMALL BASE
MOUNTING
BLOCK
Fig. 4-5
2. Screw the piston connector on top of the load cell into the loading ram
connected to the actuator of the test frame (see Fig. 4-6).
LOADING
RAM
PISTON
CONNECTOR
LOAD CELL
Fig. 4-6
Fig. 4-7
2. Plug the connector into its transducer conditioning module and then connect
the 9-pin D-connector to socket C1 in the rear panel of the CDC unit (see Fig.
4-7). Do up the screw-pins to secure the connection.
RING NUT
SPACERS
LVDT PORT
Fig. 4-8
2. Loosen the grub screw on the LVDT port using the Allen key (see Fig. 4-9).
LVDT PORT
Fig. 4-10
3. Push the LVDT up into the LVDT port until you see its tip coming out at the top
(see Fig. 4-10). Adjust its position so that when the tip is fully pushed in, it is
hidden within the port (this will prevent the LVDT being damaged if a specimen
breaks during testing). Tighten the grub screw to hold the LVDT securely in
place in the port.
4. Insert the port back into place on the jig and replace the spacers and the upper
ring nut as shown in Fig. 4-8.
5. Place the jig onto the lower platen of the test frame in the thermostatic cabinet
and feed the LVDT cable out through the hole in the side of the cabinet.
Plug the connector into its transducer conditioning module and then connect
the 9-pin D-connector to socket C4 on the rear panel of the CDC unit (seeFig.
4-11).
Fig. 4-11
LVDT
MOUNTING
BAR
LOCKING
BOLT
Fig. 4-12
4.7 Maintenance
Periodic inspections and maintenance should be carried out according to the
following table:
WARNING:
The correct test frame must be selected in the software before the pressure
is switched on. If the incorrect test frame is selected in the software when
the pressure is switched on, there is a risk of damage to equipment and
danger to personnel due to uncontrolled movement of the actuator.
WARNING:
Keep hands/fingers away from the moving parts of the jig and the test frame
while applying load to the specimen.
WARNING:
When working with the jig in the test frame, keep hands/fingers away from
the moving parts of the jig and the test frame.
WARNING:
The door of the thermostatic cabinet must be kept closed when a test is
running.
NOTE:
Installation of the system must have been completed according to the
instructions given in the relevant hardware manual before carrying out a
test. Before starting-up the system, ensure that the appropriate transducers
for the Two-Point Bending test are connected into the correct sockets on
the rear panel of the CDC unit. See the relevant hardware manual for
details.
NOTE:
In order to carry out a Two-Point Bending test, the relevant test module
must be licensed and registered on the system PC. For further information,
see Section 5.8 of the Dynapave Main Software manual.
1. If you havent already done so, switch the system on according to the instructions
in Section 4.1 of the relevant hardware manual.
2. Make sure the thermostatic cabinet is switched on and is set to the temperature
required for your first test.
3. On the Main panel of the software, select Two-Point Bending from the Test
method control (see Fig. 5-1).
Fig. 5-1
4. Open the Manual control panel by clicking the Manual control button (see Fig.
5-1).
Actuator up button Movement cell Transducer reading indicator
Fig. 5-3
6. Check the reading of the load cell in the Transducer reading indicator. If it is
not reading 0N +/- 5N, click the Display button (see Fig. 5-3) to open the Real-
time values panel. Click the Zero button in line with the load cell reading (see
Fig. 5-4) to set the load reading to 0N and then click the Close button to close
the panel.
Fig. 5-4
7. Check the function of the LVDT by pushing in the stem and watching for
movement of the reading in the Transducer reading indicator on the Manual
control panel in the software.
8. Close the Manual control panel by clicking the Close button.
NOTE:
In order to monitor the temperature of the test specimen during the test, a
dummy specimen of similar material and dimensions should be available, to
which temperature probes can be attached. See the relevant test standard
for details.
1. Measure the height, thickness and large and small base widths of the specimen
at up to 4 points along its length, and weigh the specimen, in accordance with the
relevant test standard. Make a note of the measurements.
2. Glue the end plates to the large base and small base of the specimen, in
accordance with the relevant test standard.
3. Label the specimen and place it a controlled-temperature environment until it has
reached the required test temperature.
4. Place the pin of the small base plate through the elongated hole in the small
base mounting block and secure it with the washer and nut (see Fig. 5-5).
SPECIMEN
SMALL BASE
MOUNTING
BLOCK
Fig. 5-5
5. Using a 3mm Allen key, tighten the two grub screws located at the bottom of the
small base mounting block (see Fig. 5-6) to ensure that there is no gap at the
top of the small base plate.
SMALL BASE
MOUNTING SMALL BASE
BLOCK PLATE
Fig. 5-6
6. Put the dummy specimen into the thermostatic cabinet next to the two-point
bending jig, but make sure it wont get in the way during the test. Attach the core
and skin temperature probes to the dummy specimen.
7. Place the specimen in the two-point bending jig, as shown in Fig. 5-7, and screw
in the two bolts that secure the large base plate to the jig. (A washer should be
fitted between each bolt head and the base plate.)
LARGE BASE
PLATE
Fig. 5-7
8. Check that the tip of the LVDT is touching the bottom of the small base mounting
block and check the reading of the LVDT in the Real time values on the Main
panel of the software (see Fig. 5-8). Ideally, you want the reading to be in the
middle of its range. This value depends on how the LVDT has been calibrated
if it was calibrated from 0 to 1mm, you want it to read 0.5mm (+/-0.005mm). If it
was calibrated from -0.5 to 0.5mm, it should read 0mm (+/-0.005mm). If it needs
adjusting, follow the next step. If it is already reading mid-range, go to Step 10.
Fig. 5-8
9. To adjust the LVDT position, turn the ring nuts (see Fig. 5-9) until you see that
the tip of the transducer is touching the small base mounting block and the
reading is in the middle of its range.
SMALL BASE
MOUNTING
BLOCK
RING NUTS
Fig. 5-9
10. Make a note of the LVDT reading.
11. Gradually move the crosshead of the test frame down (see the relevant hardware
manual for instructions on moving the crosshead) until the hole of the eye bolt is
in line with the hole in the small base mounting block (see Fig. 5-10).
Fig. 5-10
12. Check that the reading of the load cell is still zero and the LVDT is still reading
the value you noted in Step 10 to make sure no stress or strain is being applied
to the specimen.
13. Insert the bolt through the hole and do up the nut to secure it. (A washer should
be fitted behind the bolt head.) Repeat Step 12 and if the readings have
changed, adjust the actuator position (using the controls in the Manual control
panel) to bring them back to their original readings.
Fig. 5-11
14. Close the door of the cabinet.
If you loaded in a template (in the previous step) and do not need to change any
specimen details or test parameters, go straight to Section 5.4. Otherwise, proceed to
Step 3.
3. Click on the Specimen Setup tab to display the Specimen Setup panel and
enter the test reference, operator name or initials, specimen number and
location, and any comments you may have about the test or the specimen in the
Specimen information cells (see Fig. 5-13).
The text in these cells is printed on the test report.
4. Enter the dimensions of the specimen that you took in Step 1 of Section 5.2 in
the Initial specimen conditions table.
Conditions such as average large and small base length, thickness, height and
specimen density will be calculated using the values you enter.
5. Enter the weight of the specimen in the Specimen mass cell. Enter a value in
the Mass of moveable parts cell for the total mass of the moveable parts of the
two-point bending jig, including the mass of any adhesive (if used), and the mass
of the load frame between the load cell and the loading mechanism, in kilograms.
Specimen information cells
Initial specimen conditions table Mass of moveable parts cell Specimen mass cell
Fig. 5-13
6. From the Test standard control (see Fig. 5-14), select which test standard you
want to perform the test to.
Test standard control
Target amplitude cell Control mode Loading shape control Initial cycle number cells
Fig. 5-14
7. Enter the following parameters for controlling the test (see Fig. 5-14):
From the Control mode, select which type of measurement you want to use
to control the loading pulses.
For example, if you want the system to maintain a constant level of
displacement during cycling, as is required by the EN12697-26 standard,
select Displacement (vertical LVDT) or Displacement (actuator position).
In the Target amplitude cell, enter your required amplitude for the loading
pulses.
The type of amplitude depends on what you selected for the Control mode.
In the Target temperature cell, enter the temperature that the test will be
carried out at, in degrees Celsius
If the temperature deviates by more than 0.5C during the test, a warning light
will be shown.
Enter your chosen Frequency for the test, in Hertz.
Enter the number of readings you want to be recorded in the data file for each
cycle in the Readings to log per cycle cell
The maximum number that can be entered is shown in the Maximum
readings per cycle indicator, and depends on the test frequency.
8. Select a wave shape for the pulses from the Loading shape control. If you
want to use your own wave shape, select User defined from the list and then
click on the open file button next to the User defined filepath and find your file.
For information on creating your own wave shape file, see Section 5.9 of the
Dynapave Main Software manual.
9. If you want the test to be stopped automatically, tick the check box and enter a
value for one or more of the Test termination parameters (see Item 3.5.8).
Enter the first and last cycle numbers that you want to use to calculate the initial
values in the Initial cycle number cells (see Fig. 5-14).
The test will stop when one of the ticked termination conditions is reached;
whichever is reached first, unless it is stopped manually.
10. If you want to save the information and parameters that you have entered so that
subsequent tests with the same parameters can be set up more easily, create a
template file by clicking the Save template button on the Main panel and
entering a name for the template when prompted.
Fig. 5-15
2. Click the Start test button to start the test.
Cycles to view cell
The system will start to apply loading pulses according to the parameters you
entered in Section 5.3.
Results for each cycle will be calculated and displayed in the data column of the
Results table as the cycle is completed. The active cycle number is displayed in
the header row of the table.
Live data will be displayed on the Graph for the number of cycles specified in the
Cycles to view cell. The type of data plotted on the graph can be changed
using the Graph options.
3. The test will end automatically when one of the termination conditions that you
selected in Step 9, Section 5.3 is reached, whichever happens first.
If you want to end the stage manually, click the Stop test button.
2. Click the Test report button (see Fig. 5-17) to open the Test report panel.
3. Check that the data on the panel is correct and then, if you want to continue and
print the report, select a printer from the list in the Printer selection box and
click the Print button.
The file can be opened in any spreadsheet program, for example Microsoft
Excel. An example file, opened in Microsoft Excel, is shown in the Appendix,
Section 6.3.
Fig. 5-19
NOTE:
Clicking the Unload test button before a test has finished will cause the test
to be aborted. You will be unable to restart or recover the test after the
unload command has been confirmed.
Test data up to the unload point will be saved in the location specified in the
Main panel.
Fig. 5-20
2. Open the thermostatic cabinet and undo and remove the Allen bolt securing the
eye bolt of the load cell to the small base mounting block (see Fig. 5-21).
LARGE BASE
PLATE
EYE BOLT
SMALL BASE
MOUNTING
BLOCK
Fig. 5-21
3. Unscrew the two bolts securing the large base plate to the jig and remove the
specimen from the jig.
4. Using a 3mm Allen Key, loosen the two grub screws located at the bottom of the
small base mounting block (see Fig. 5-22).
SMALL BASE
MOUNTING SMALL BASE
BLOCK PLATE
Fig. 5-22
5. Undo the nut securing the small base mounting block to the small base plate
and remove the block (see Fig. 5-22).
6. Remove the temperature probes from the dummy specimen and remove it from
the cabinet.
6.0 APPENDIX
6.1 Calculations used in the software
The table in this section contains details of how the values reported in the
software are calculated.
Item in
Description Abbr. Formula Units
manual
Average large base width B 3.5.4.1 Mean of inputted large base lengths mm
Average small base width b 3.5.4.2 Mean of inputted small base lengths mm
Minimum / Maximum
displacement
- 3.6.5 Measured value (see Fig. 6-1) mm
Measured phase angle 3.6.5 Measured value (see Fig. 6-3) degrees
Table 6-1
Fig. 6-1
Fig. 6-2
Fig. 6-3
Notes: