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Note that the force is zero at the x axis in the drawing, which is called
the neutral axis.
The force on the element of the area A is F=kyA, and the magnitude
of the resultant R of the distributed force is:
= =
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We used the second integral (which is called the first moment Qx) in
order to obtain the location of the centroid of the cross section:
= =
= 2 = 2
= 2 = 2
Note: since the distances from the axis are squared in the equations,
the moments of inertia are always positive.
Note: since 2 = 2 + 2 = = +
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Radius of gyration:
If we replace the area of our body with a horizontal/vertical/circular
strip with the same area and same moment of inertia around the axes
and O, we get:
= 2 = 2 = 2
Distances , , are called radii of gyration.
Example 1:
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Example 3:
Example 4:
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= 2
= 2 = ( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2
The first integral is the moment of inertia relative to the centroidal axis.
Because BB is the centroidal axis, the second integral must be zero.
= + 2
Where I is the moment of inertia about an arbitrary axis, is the
moment of inertia relative to the centroidal axis and d is the distance
between the two axes.
Composite bodies
Similarly to consideration of centroids, bodies often can be considered
as a combination of moments of inertia of common shapes calculated
with respect to a single axis.
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Example 1:
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Example 2:
Example 3: