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: , 1943-

44
Natasha Ginwala
,

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Raymond Williams, Ideas of Nature (1980)

,

,

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Martin Heidegger, Das Gestell (1949)
1888
,

.1
1845-52, Alexis de Tocqueville
:
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, ,
. 2
Amartya Sen
. 3

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,
.


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Charles Trevelyan


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:
1861, Young Ireland (
), John Mitchel,

1
,
1997,

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Tony Blair . 4
,

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Mengistu Haile Mariam
1980, , Derg [
]

. 5
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1943-44,

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2

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Sen
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Zainul Abedin, Famine Sketch (1943), , 65,6 42,5




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Raj

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: 1945,
1.292.000 . 9
, 131.000

1939, 10 Subhas Chandra Bose


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Zainul Abedin, Famine Sketch (1943), , 43 56,5 .


, 1942,
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. 13
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Archibald Wavell
,
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Raj.

5
1857-58 14

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Satyagraha
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. 15

1944, Amarendra Ghose,



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! .
moger mulluck; [ ;]. 16


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Dmitry Likhachev,
- (1941-1944),

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. 17

6
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, , Cormac Grda,
Primo Levi
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. 19

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The Making of the
Indebted Man [ ]
- Maurizio Lazzarato
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. 20

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21

, .

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. (

:
.)

7

. James Mahony, ,
Sketches in the West of Ireland .
Woman Begging at Clonakilty,
Illustrated London News (13 1847),

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Zainul Abedin (1914-1976),
. Abedin


22 -
. ,
, Abedin
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.
Abedin,
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, Abedin
.
, . 23
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Abedin

8
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, .
Peoples
War, Chittaprosad
Bhattacharya Sunil Janah, 24

.25

Sunil Janah, , Lake


Market, , 1943


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9


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Harijan Mohandas
Karamchand Gandhi 19 1942
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, . 26


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, . 18
1943 The Spectator :
.

Linlithgow. 27
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Arjun Appadurai

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29
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Chittaprosad Bhattacharya, Hungry Bengal (1943)
Hungry Bengal, Chittaprosad,

1943,
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Chittaprosad

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Amherst Sealdah. 30

Hungry Bengal
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Humanity Dehumanised Chittaprosad



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Hungry Bengal
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Chittaprosad
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. Chittaprosad
Do Bigha

11
Zamin (1953), Bimal Roy,

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Roy


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Sunil Janah,
, 1944

Hungry Bengal, ,





. Chittaprosad, Janah
Rolleiflex.


Puran Chand Joshi,
,
. 31
Janah
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12
. Peoples
War, Joshi,

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Janah
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Chittaprosad
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. 32

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Chittaprosad Bhattacharya, Hungry Bengal
(, 1945, DAG Modern, ,
2011)

Thomas Malthus

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1798, Malthus
, 33

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. 11

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. 34


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1878,
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,
31 120
17
. 36 ,

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,

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. 37
(1880) 1661,
.
Aurangzeb,
, :
, ,

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,
. 38

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Chinua Achebe, A Man of the People (1966)
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: praesens caritas (
) futura fames ( )
deinde inopia ( ). 39

15
1921-1922,

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,
Sergei N. Prokopovich,
. 40


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, Somnath
Hore,

Chittaprosad . Hore,
1970, ,
,

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, , .

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Chittaprosad Bhattacharya, Hungry Bengal
(, 1945, DAG Modern, ,
2011)
Mainul Abedin, Arjun Janah Kishore
Singh,
, Madhusree
Mukerjee Churchills Secret War,
The Imperial Roots of Hunger.


Bhabani Bhattacharya So Many Hungers! (: Victor Gollancz, 1947),

.
1 Richard Pankhurst, The Great Ethiopian Famine of 1888-1892: A New
Assessment, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 21, . 1
( 1966), . 95-124.
2 Alexis de Tocqueville, Journey in Ireland: July-August 1835, . .
Emmet Larkin (, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1990), .
14.
3 Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom (: Oxford University Press, 2001).
4 Brenden Graham, Historical Notes: God and England Made the Irish
Famine, Independent, 2 1998, 3.
: www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/historical-notes-god-and-
england-made-the-irish-famine-1188828.html.

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5 William A. Dando, Food and Famine in the 21st Century, . 1 (
, : ABC-CLIO, 2012), . 222.
6 Amartya Sen, Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation (: Oxford University Press, 1983), . 11-15.
7 Amartya Sen, Ingredients of Famine Analysis: Availability and Entitlements, The
Quarterly Journal of Economics 96, . 3 ( 1981), . 433-64.
8 Lawrence James, Churchill and Empire: A Portrait of an Imperialist ( :
Pegasus Books, 2014).
9 .., . 302.
10 Madhusree Mukerjee, Churchills Secret War: The British Empire and the
Ravaging of India During World War II ( : Basic Books, 2010).
11 Linlithgow , The Indian Annual
Register (1939), Devendra Panigrahi, Indias Partition: The Story of
Imperialism in Retreat ( : Routledge, 2004), . 113.
12 Mukerjee, Churchills Secret War, . 5.
13 Iftekhar Iqbal, The Bengal Delta: Ecology, State and Social Change, 1840-
1943 ( : Springer, 2010), . 161-70.
14 ..
15 Iftekhar Iqbal, The Boat Denial Policy and the Great Bengal Famine, Journal of
the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh 56 (2011), . 271-82.
16 .., . 273.
17 Anna Reid, Leningrad: Tragedy of a City under Siege 1941-44 (:
Bloomsbury, 2011), ..
18 Cormac Grda, Eating People Is Wrong and Other Essays on Famine, Its Past,
and Its Future (: Princeton University Press, 2015), . 2.
19 Thomas Keneally, Three Famines: Starvation and Politics ( : Public
Affairs, 2011), . 55.
20 Maurizio Lazzarato, The Making of the Indebted Man: An Essay on the Neoliberal
Condition, . Joshua David Jordan ( : Semiotext(e), 2012), . 8-10.
21 George Monbiot, Neoliberalism: The Ideology at the Root of All Our
Problems, The Guardian, 15 2016.
: www.theguardian.com/books/2016/apr/15/neoliberalism-ideology-
problem-george-monbiot.
22 Nazrul Islam, Zainul Abedin: Art of Bangladesh (Dhaka: Bangladesh Shilpakala
Academy, 1997), . 16-21.
23 ..
24 Sunil Janah
: www.suniljanah.org.
25 ..
26 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Mukerjee, Churchills Secret
War, . 69.
27 . Mr. Gandhis Fast, The Spectator, 19 1943.
: http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/19th-february-1943/1/mr-gandhis-fast.
28 Nalini Malani Arjun Appadurai, The Morality of Refusal, documenta 13: 100
Notes100 Thoughts, . 23 (: Hatje Cantz, 2011).
29 James Vernon, Hunger: A Modern History (, : Harvard
University Press, 2007), ..
30 Chittaprosad Bhattacharya, Hungry Bengal: A Tour Through Midnapur District in
November, 1943 ( : DAG Modern, 2011).

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31 Ram Rahman, Sunil Janah: Photographs 1940-1960: Vintage Prints from Swaraj
Art Archive ( : Vijay Kumar Aggarwal, 2014), . 9.
32 Chittaprosad Bhattacharya, Confession,
Pavel Hobl (1972). Chittaprosad: Art as Rebellion, . ., Delhi
Art Gallery (, 2011).
33 Cormac Grda, Famine: A Short History (: Princeton University Press,
2009), . 3.
34 .., . 8.
35 .., . 13.
36 Cornelius Walford, The Famines of the World: Past and Present, Journal of the
Royal Statistical Society 41 (1878), . 434-42.
37 Thomas Keneally, Three Famines, ..
38 Wallace Ruddell Aykroyd, The Conquest of Famine (: Chatto & Windus,
1974), . 51.
39 Grda, Famine: A Short History, . 4.
40 Keneally, Three Famines, . 287.

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