BAI TAP HOA HOC

S DUNG CHO LP BOI DNG HOA THCS

------- -------
I/ Viet PTHH bieu dien s chuyen hoa :
1/ Cu CuO CuSO4 CuCl2 Cu(OH)2 Cu(NO3)2 Cu

2/ FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 FeSO4 Fe(NO3)2 Fe

Fe
FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 Fe Fe3O4

3/ Al Al2O3 NaAlO2 Al(OH)3 Al2(SO4)3 AlCl3 Al(NO3)3 Al2O3 Al

4/ FeS2 SO2 SO3 H2SO4 ZnSO4 Zn(OH)2 ZnO Zn

M
5/ S SO2 H2SO4 CuSO4

O
K2SO3

6/ a. Fe2(SO4)3 1
2 Fe(OH)3 b. .C
Cu 1
2 CuCl2
C
3 6
4 3 5 6
4 5
FeCl3 CuSO4
O
AH

7/ Hoan thanh 4 PTPU co dang : BaCl2 + ? NaCl + ?

8/ Fe + A FeCl2 + B 9/ Cu + A B + C + D
B + C A C + NaOH E
O

FeCl2 + C D E + HCl F + C + D
D + NaOH Fe(OH)3 + E A + NaOH G + D
H
C

10/ A B C D Cu
O O
HCl NaOH t CO,t

11/ A C
O

CaCO3 CaCO3 CaCO3

B D
H

12/ A C E
Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2
B D F

13/ A1
X
A2
Y
A3
CaCO3 CaCO3 CaCO3
B1
Z
B2
T
B3
14/
A1
X
A2
Y
A3
tO
Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)3
B1 B2
Z T
B3
3
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 15/
A1 X
A2
Y
A3
tO
Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)3
B1 Z
B2
T
B3
HD : A1 : Fe2O3 ; A2 : FeCl3 ; A3 :Fe(NO3)2 ; B1 : H2O B2 : Ba(OH)2 ; B3 : NaOH

16/ Biet A la khoang san dung e san xuat voi 17/ Xac nh X , Y , Z va viet cac PTPU
song , B la kh dung nap vao bnh cha la theo s o sau ?
A Y

B Cu(NO3)2 X CuCl2

C D Z

M
18/ Phan ng : X + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O
X la nhng chat nao ? viet cac PTPU minh hoa ?

O
19/ Chon chat thch hp va viet PTPU hoan thanh day chuyen hoa sau :

.C
Kim loai oxit baz (1) dd baz (1) dd baz (2) dd baz (3) baz khong tan
oxit baz (2) Kim loai (2)
C
II/ ieu che va tach cac chat :
O
1/ Viet 3 PTPU khac nhau ieu che FeSO4 t Fe ?
AH

2/ T CuSO4 trnh bay 2 phng phap khac nhau ieu che Cu ?

3/ Co mot mau thuy ngan co lan thiec , ch . Lam the nao thu c thuy ngan tinh khiet ?
4/ i t muoi an , nc , sat . Viet cac PTPU ieu che Na , FeCl2 , Fe(OH)3 .
O

5/ T Fe , S , O2 , H2O . Viet cac PTPU ieu che 3 oxit , 3 axit , 3 muoi .

6/ Bang cach nao co the :
H

a. ieu che Ca(OH)2 t Ca(NO3)2 .

C

b. ieu che CaCO3 tinh khiet t a voi biet trong a voi co CaCO3 lan MgCO3 , SiO2 .
7/ Neu 3 phng phap ieu che H2SO4 .
O

8/ Lam sach NaCl t hon hp NaCl va Na2CO3

9/ Neu 3 phng phap lam sach Cu(NO3)2 co lan AgNO3
H

10/ Lam the nao tach chat kh :

a. H2S ra khoi hon hp HCl va H2S .
b. Cl2 ra khoi hon hp HCl va Cl2 .
c. CO2 ra khoi hon hp SO2 va CO2 .
d. O2 ra khoi hon hp O3 va O2 .
11/ Tach rieng Cu ra khoi hon hp gom vun ong , vun sat va vun kem .
12/ Tach rieng kh CO2 ra khoi hon hp gom CO2 , N2 , O2 , H2 .
13/ Tach rieng tng kim loai ra khoi hon hp gom : Fe , Cu , Au bang phng phap hoa hoc
.
14/ Bang phng phap hoa hoc tach rieng tng chat kh CO2 , SO2 , N2 .
15/ Lam sach Al2O3 co lan Fe2O3 va SiO2 .?
16/ Tinh che CuO ra khoi hon hp gom CuO , Cu , Ag .

4
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 17/ Tach rieng tng chat ra khoi hon hp :
a. CuO , Cu , Au .
b. Fe2O3 , CuO.
c. N2 , CO2 , hi nc .
18/ Thu oxi tinh khiet ra khoi hon hp gom Cl2 , O2 , CO2 .
19/ Tach CO2 tinh khiet ra khoi hon hp gom CO2 , hi nc , kh HCl .
20/ Chon cach nhanh nhat e tach Hg ra khoi hon hp gom Hg , Sn , Pb .
21/ Tach rieng kh N2 ra khoi hon hp gom CO2 , N2 , CO , H2 , hi nc .?
22/ Tach rieng Cu(NO3)2 va AgNO3 bang phng phap hoa hoc ?.
23/ Tach rieng tng chat ra khoi hon hp gom : Al 2O3 , Fe2O3 va SiO2 bang p/phap hoa hoc
.
24/ Tach rieng tng chat ra khoi hon hp gom CO va CO2 .
25/ Trnh bay phng phap lam sach Na2SO4 co lan ZnCl2 va CaCl2 .
III/ Nhan biet cac chat :

M
1. Phan biet cac chat da vao tnh chat vat ly :
a. 2 chat bot : AgCl va AgNO3

O
b. Fe , Cu va AgNO3

2.
c. Cl2 , O2 va CO2 .
Phan biet da vao thuoc th : .C
C
a. Dung bat k hoa chat nao :
- CaSO4 , Na2SO4 , Na2S , MgCl2
O

- Na2CO3 , NaOH , NaCl , HCl

AH

- HCl , H2SO4 , H2SO3

- KCl , KNO3 , K2SO4
- HNO3 , HCl , H2SO4
O

- Ca(OH)2 , NaOH hoac Ba(OH)2 , NaOH

- H2SO4 , HCl , NaCl , Na2SO4
H

b. Dung them mot thuoc th duy nhat :

C

- Na2CO3 , BaCl2 , H2SO4 , Na2SO4 .

O

- Na2SO4 , Na2CO3 , HCl , BaCl2

- H2SO4 , HCl , BaCl2
H

- Na2CO3 , MgSO4 , H2SO4 , Na2SO4. ( dung qu tm hoac NaOH)

- Fe , FeO , Cu . ( dung HCl hoac H2SO4)
- Cu , CuO , Zn ( dung HCl hoac H2SO4)
c. Khong dung thuoc th nao khac :
- HCl , BaCl2 . Na2CO3 .
- MgCl2 , Na2CO3 , NaOH , HCl
- K2CO3 , BaCl2 , H2SO4 , MgCl2.
- Na2CO3 , BaCl2 , H2SO4 , HCl
- HCl , CaCl2 , Na2CO3 , AgNO3 .
3. Nhan biet : NaCl , MgCl2 , H2SO4 , CuSO4 , NaOH ( khong dung thuoc th nao )
4. Nhan biet : NaCl , HCl , NaOH , Phenolphtalein
5. Nhan biet : NO , CO , CO2 , SO2 .
5
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 6. Nhan biet tng chat kh co trong hon hp kh : H2 , CO , CO2 , SO2 , SO3
7. Ch un nong nhan biet : NaHSO4 , KHCO3 , Na2SO3 , Mg(HCO3)2 , Ba(HCO3)2
8. Ch dung them nc nhan biet 3 oxit mau trang : MgO , Al2O3 , Na2O .
9. Co 5 mau kim loai Ba , Mg , Fe , Ag , Al . Neu ch dung H2SO4 loang co the nhan
biet nhng kim loai nao ?
10. Ch dung kim loai e phan biet cac d dch : HCl , HNO3 , NaNO3 , NaOH , HgCl2.
11. Lam the nao e biet trong bnh co :
a. SO2 va CO2.
b. H2SO4 , HCl , HNO3
12. Co 4 lo ng 4 dung dch : K2CO3 , BaCl2 , HCl , K2SO4 . Nhan biet bang cach :
a. Ch dung kim loai Ba .
b. Khong dung them thuoc th nao khac .
IV/ Toan ve o tan va nong o dung dch :
o tan :

M
1. Tnh o tan cua muoi an 20oC, biet rang nhiet o o 50 gam nc hoa tan toi a
17,95 gam muoi an

O
2. Co bao nhieu gam muoi an trong 5 kg dung dch bao hoa muoi an 20 oC, biet o tan
cua muoi an nhiet o o la 35, 9 gam .
.C
3. o tan cua A trong nc 10OC la 15 gam , 90OC la 50 gam. Hoi lam lanh 600 gam
dung dch bao hoa A 90OC xuong 10OC th co bao nhieu gam A ket tinh ?
C
4. Co bao nhieu gam tinh the NaCl tach ra khi lam lanh 1900 gam dung dch NaCl bao
O
hoa t 90OC en 0OC . Biet o tan cua NaCl 90OC la 50 gam va 0OC la 35 gam
5. Xac nh lng AgNO3 tach ra khi lam lanh 2500 g dung dch AgNO3 bao hoa 60oC
AH

xuong con 10oC . Cho biet o tan cua AgNO3 60oC la 525 g va 10oC la 170 g .
Tinh the ngam nc :
O

* Tm % ve khoi lng cua nc ket tinh co trong tinh the ngam nc

* Tnh khoi lng chat tan khi biet khoi lng tinh the
H

* Lap CTHH cua tinh the ngam nc

Phng phap giai :
C

Tnh khoi lng mol ( hoac so mol) tinh the ngam nc

O

Tm khoi lng nc co trong mot mol tinh the

- Tm so mol nc ( o la so phan t nc co trong tinh the ngam nc )
H

V du : Tm CTHH cua muoi ngam nc CaCl 2.xH2O . Biet rang lng Ca chiem 18,26%
HD :- at M la khoi lng mol cua CaCl2.xH2O . Theo phan tram ve khoi lng cua Ca ta
m 40 18,26
co : Ca = = M = 219(g)
M M 100
Khoi lng nc trong tinh the : 219 111 = 108 (g)
So mol nc tinh the : x = 108 : 18 = 6 ( mol)
Vay CTHH cua tinh the muoi ngam nc la CaCl2.6H2O

Nong o dung dch :

1. Tnh C% cua ddch thu c khi hoa tan 25 gam CuSO4.5H2O vao 175 gam nc ?
2. Tnh C% cua ddch thu c khi hoa tan 4,48 lt kh HCl ktc vao 500 ml nc ?
3. Tnh C% cua ddch thu c khi hoa tan 56 lt kh NH3 ktc vao 157 cm3 nc ?

6
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 4. Can lay bao nhieu gam CaCl2.6H2O e khi hoa tan vao nc th thu c 200 ml
dung dch CaCl2 30% (D= 1,28 g/ml) ?
5. Xac nh nong o mol cua dung dch thu c khi hoa tan 12,5 gam CuSO4.5H2Ovao
87,5 ml nc ?
6. Tnh C% khi tron 200gam dung dch NaCl 20% vi 300 gam dung dch NaCl 5% ?
7. Tnh nong o mol khi tron 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH
1M cho rang khong co s thay oi the tch khi tron lan ?
8. Can pha bao nhieu gam dung dch NaCl 8% vao 400 gam dung dch NaCl 20 % e
c dung dch NaCl 16% ?
9. Can pha bao nhieu gam nc vao 600 gam dung dch NaOH 18% e c dung dch
NaOH 15% ? .
10. Can pha bao nhieu gam NaCl vao 800 gam dung dch NaCl 10% e c dung dch
NaCl 20% ?.
11. Can pha bao nhieu ml dung dch HCl 2M vao 500 ml dung dch1M e c dung dch

M
1,2M .?
12. Hoa tan 6,66 gam tinh the Al2(SO4)3.nH2O vao nc thanh dung dch A . Lay 1/10

O
dung dch A tac dung vi dung dch BaCl2 thay tao thanh 0,699 gam ket tua . Xac
nh CTHH tinh the muoi sunfat cua nhom ?

.C
13. Hoa tan 24,4 gam BaCl2.xH2O vao 175,6 gam nc tao thanh d/ dch 10,4% . Tm x?
14. Co can rat t t 200ml dd CuSO4 0,2M thu c 10 g tinh the CuSO4.pH2O . Tnh p ?
C
15. Co can can than 600 gam dung dch CuSO4 8% th thu c bao nhieu gam tinh the
O
CuSO4.5H2O ?
16. Can lay bao nhieu gam tinh the CuSO4.5H2Ova bao nhieu gam dung dch CuSO4 4%
AH

e ieu che 200 gam dung dch CuSO4 8% ?

17. Tron 300 gam dung dch HCl 7,3% vi 200 gam dung dch NaOH 4% . Tnh C% cac
chat tan co trong dung dch ?
O

18. Tron 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 20% (D= 1,137 g/ml) Vi 400 gam dd BaCl2 5,2% thu
H

c ket tua A va dd B . Tnh khoi lng ket tua A va C% cac chat co trong dd B ?
19. Trong mot chiec coc ng mot muoi cacbonat kim loai hoa tr I . Them t t dung
C

dch H2SO4 10%vao coc cho en khi kh va thoat het thu c muoi Sunfat co nong
O

o 13,63% . Hoi o la muoi cacbonat cua kim loai nao?

20. ot chay hoan toan 6,2 gam phot pho thu c chat A . Chia A lam 2 phan eu nhau .
H

Phan 1 hoa tan vao 500 gam nc thu c dung dch B . Tnh C% cua d/dch B ?
Phan 2 hoa tan vao bao nhieu gam nc e thu c dung dch 24,5% ?
21. Tron 50 ml dung dch HNO3 nong o x M vi 150 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2 M thu
c dung dch A . Cho mot t quy tm vao dung dch A thay co mau xanh . Them t
t 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,1 M vao d/dch A thay quy tr lai thanh mau tm . Tnh x ?
22. Kh hoan toan 2,4 gam hon hp CuO va FexOy cung so mol nh nhau bang H2 thu
c 1,76 gam kim loai . Hoa tan kim loai o bang dung dch HCl d thay thoat ra
0,448 lt kh H2 ktc Xac nh CTHH cua sat oxit ?
V/ Tnh thanh phan phan tram :
1. Cho 8 gam hon hp gom Cu va Fe tac dung vi dung dch HCl d tao thanh 1,68 lt
kh H2 thoat ra ktc . Tnh % ve khoi lng cua tng kim loai co trong hon hp ?

7
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 2. Cho hon hp gom Ag va Al tac dung vi dung dch H2SO4 d tao thanh 6,72 lt kh H2
thoat ra ktc va 4,6 g chat ran khong tan . Tnh % ve khoi lng cua tng kim loai co
trong hon hp ?
3. Cho 11 gam hon hp gom Al va Fe tac dung va u vi dung dch HCl 2M tao thanh
8,96 lt kh H2 thoat ra ktc .
a. Tnh % ve khoi lng cua tng kim loai co trong hon hp ?
b. Tnh the tch dung dch HCl a tham gia phan ng ?
4. Cho 8,8 gam hon hp gom Mg va MgO tac dung va u vi dung dch HCl 14,6% .Co
can dung dch sau phan ng thu c 28,5 gam muoi khan
a. Tnh % ve khoi lng cua tng chat co trong hon hp ?
b. Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl a tham gia phan ng ?
c. Tnh nong o phan tram cua muoi tao thanh sau phan ng ?
5. Cho 19,46 gam hon hp gom Mg , Al va Zn trong o khoi lng cua Magie bang khoi
lng cua nhom tac dung vi dung dch HCl 2M tao thanh 16, 352 lt kh H2 thoat ra

M
ktc .
a. Tnh % ve khoi lng cua tng kim loai co trong hon hp ?

O
b. Tnh the tch dung dch HCl a dung biets ngi ta dung d 10% so vi ly thuyet ?
6. Hoa tan 13,3 gam hon hp NaCl va KCl vao nc thu c 500 gam dung dch A Lay

.C
1/10 dung dch A cho phan ng vi AgNO3 tao thanh 2,87 gam ket tua
a. Tnh % ve khoi lng cua moi muoi co trong hon hp ?
C
b. Tnh C% cac muoi co trong dung dch A
O
7. Dan 6,72 lt (ktc) hon hp kh gom CH4 , C2H4 qua bnh Brom d thay khoi lng bnh
ng dung dch Brom tang 5,6 gam . Tnh % ve khoi lng cua moi hiddro cacbon co
AH

trong hon hp ?
8. Dan 5,6 lt (ktc) hon hp kh gom CH4 , C2H4 va C2H2 qua bnh Brom d thay khoi
lng bnh ng dung dch Brom tang 5,4 gam . Kh thoat ra khoi bnh c ot chay
O

hoan toan thu c 2,2 gam CO2 . Tnh % ve khoi lng cua moi hiddro cacbon co trong
H

hon hp ?
9. Chia 26 gam hon hp kh gom CH4 , C2H6 va C2H4 lam 2 phan bang nhau
C

- Phan 1 : ot chay hoan toan thu c 39,6 gam CO2

O

- Phan 2 : Cho loi qua bnh ng d/dch brom d thay co 48 gam brom tham gia phan
ng
H

Tnh % ve khoi lng cua moi hiddro cacbon co trong hon hp ?

10. Hoa tan hoan toan 10 gam hon hp cua Mg va MgO bang dung dch HCl . Dung dch
thu c cho tac dung vi vi dung dch NaOH d . Loc lay ket tua ra sach roi nung
nhiet o cao cho en khi khoi lng khong oi thu c 14 gam chat ran
a. Tnh % ve khoi lng cua moi chat co trong hon hp ban au ?
b. Tnh the tch dung dch HCl 2M toi thieu a dung ?
11. Hoa tan hoan toan 24 gam hon hp cua Al va Mg bang dung dch HCl va u . Them
mot lng NaOH d vao dung dch . Sau phan ng xuat hien mot lng ket tua Loc lay
ket tua ra sach roi nung nhiet o cao cho en khi khoi lng khong oi thu c 4 g
chat ran
a. Tnh % ve khoi lng cua moi kim loai co trong hon hp ban au ?
b. Tnh the tch dung dch HCl 2M a dung ?

8
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 12. Chia mot lng hon hp gom MgCO3 va CaCO3 lam 2 phan bang nhau .
Phan 1 : nhiet phan hoan toan thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc)
Phan 2 : hoa tan het trong dung dch HCl roi co can dung dch thu c 15,85 gam
hon hp muoi khan
Tnh % ve khoi lng cua moi muoi cacbonat co trong hon hp ban au ?
13. Kh 15,2 gam hon hp gom Fe2O3 va FeO bang H2 nhiet o cao thu c sat kim
loai . e hoa tan het lng sat nay can 0,4 mol HCl
a. Tnh % ve khoi lng cua moi oxit co trong hon hp ban au ?
b. Tnh the tch H2 thu c ktc ?
14. Cho mot luong CO d i qua ong s cha 15,3 gam hon hp gom FeO va ZnO nung
nong , thu c mot hon hp chat ran co khoi lng 12, 74 gam . Biet trong ieu kien
th nghiem hieu suat cac phan ng eu at 80%
a. Tnh % ve khoi lng cua moi oxit co trong hon hp ban au ?
b. e hoa tan hoan toan lng chat ran thu c sau phan ng tren phai dung bao

M
nhieu lt dung dch HCl 2M ?
15. Chia hon hp gom Fe va Fe2O3 lam 2 phan bang nhau

O
Phan 1 : cho mot luong CO i qua va nung nong thu c 11,2 gam Fe
Phan 2 : ngam trong dung dch HCl . Sau phan ng thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ktc

.C
Tnh % ve khoi lng cua moi chat co trong hon hp ban au ?
VI/ Toan tang , giam khoi lng :
C
1. Nhung mot thoi sat 100 gam vao dung dch CuSO4 . Sau mot thi gian lay ra ra sach ,
O
say kho can nang 101,6 gam . Hoi khoi kim loai o co bao nhieu gam sat , bao nhieu
gam ong ?
AH

2. Cho mot ban nhom co khoi lng 60 gam vao dung dch CuSO 4 . Sau mot thi gian lay
ra ra sach , say kho can nang 80,7 gam . Tnh khoi lng ong bam vao ban nhom ?
3. Ngam mot la ong vao dung dch AgNO3 . Sau phan ng khoi lng la ong tang 0,76
O

gam . Tnh so gam ong a tham gia phan ng ?

H

4. Ngam inh sat vao dung dch CuSO4 . Sau mot thi gian lay ra ra sach , say kho can
nang hn luc au 0,4 gam
C

a. Tnh khoi lng sat va CuSO4 a tham gia phan ng ?

O

b. Neu khoi lng dung dch CuSO4a dung tren la 210 gam co khoi lng rieng la
1,05 g/ml . Xac nh nong o mol ban au cua dung dch CuSO4 ?
H

5. Cho 333 gam hon hp 3 muoi MgSO4 , CuSO4 va BaSO4 vao nc c dung dch D va
mot phan khong tan co khoi lng 233 gam . Nhung thanh nhom vao dung dch D . Sau
phan ng khoi lng thanh kim loai tang 11,5 gam . Tnh % ve khoi lng cua moi
muoi co trong hon hp tren ?
6. Cho ban sat co khoi lng 100 gam vao 2 lt dung dch CuSO4 1M. Sau mot thi gian
dung dch CuSO4 co nong o la 0,8 M . Tnh khoi lng ban kim loai , biet rang the tch
dung dch xem nh khong oi va khoi lng ong bam hoan toan vao ban sat ?
7. Nhung mot la kem vao 500 ml dung dch Pb(NO3)2 2M . Sau mot thi gian khoi lng
la kem tang 2,84 gam so vi ban au .
a. Tnh lng Pb a bam vao la Zn , biet rang lng Pb sinh ra bam hoan toan vao la
Zn.

9
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 b. Tnh mong o M cac muoi co trong dung dch sau khi lay la kem ra , biet rang the
tch dung dch xem nh khong oi ?
VII/ Toan hon hp muoi axit muoi trung hoa :
1. Dung 30 gam NaOH e hap thu 22 gam CO2
a. Co nhng muoi nao tao thanh
b. Tnh khoi lng cac muoi tao thanh .
2. Cho 9,4 gam K2O vao nc . Tnh lng SO2 can thiet e phan ng vi dung dch tren
e tao thanh :
a. Muoi trung hoa .
b. Muoi axit
c. Hon hp muoi axit va muoi trung hoa theo t le mol la 2 : 1
3. Dung dch A cha 8 gam NaOH
a. Tnh the tch dung dch H2SO4 0,5M can dung e hoa tan hoan toan dung dch A
b. Tnh the tch SO2 can thiet e khi tac dung vi dung dch A tao ra hon hp muoi

M
axit va muoi trung hoa theo t le mol tng ng la 2 : 1 ?
4. Tnh the tch CO2 can thiet e khi tac dung vi 16 gam dung dch NaOH 10% tao

O
thanh:
a. Muoi trung hoa ?
b. Muoi axit ?
.C
c. Hon hp muoi axit va muoi trung hoa theo t le mol la 2 : 3 ?
C
5. Dung 1 lt dung dch KOH 1,1M e hap thu 80 gam SO3
O
a. Co nhng muoi nao tao thanh ?
b. Tnh khoi lng cac muoi tao thanh ?
AH

VIII/ Xac nh CTHH :

1. Hoa tan hoan toan 3,6 gam mot kim loai hoa tr II bang dung dch HCl co 3,36 lt kh H 2
thoat ra ktc. Hoi o la kim loai nao ?
O

2. Hoa tan 2,4 gam oxit cua mot kim loai hoa tr II can dung 2,19 gam HCl . Hoi o la oxit
H

cua kim loai nao ?

3. Hoa tan 4,48 gam oxit cua mot kim loai hoa tr II can dung 100 ml dung dch H 2SO4
C

0,8M . Hoi o la oxit cua kim loai nao ?

O

4. Cho dung dch HCl d vao 11,6 gam baz cua kim loai R co hoa tr II thu c 19 gam
muoi . Xac nh ten kim loai R ?
H

5. Cho 10,8 gam kim loai hoa tri III tac dung vi dung dch HCl d thay tao thanh 53,4
gam muoi . Xac nh ten kim loai o /
6. Hoa tan 49,6 gam hon hp gom muoi sunfat va muoi cacbonat cua mot kim loai hoa tr I
vao nc thu c dung dch A . Chia dung dch A lam 2 phan bang nhau .
- Phan 1 : Cho tac dung vi dung dch H2SO4 d thu c 2,24 lt kh ktc
- Phan 1 : Cho tac dung vi dung dch BaCl2 d thu c 43 gam ket tua trang .
a. Tm CTHH cua 2 muoi ban au
b. Tnh % ve khoi lng cua cac muoi tren co trong hon hp ?
7. Hoa tan 1,84 gam mot kim loai kiem vao nc . e trung hoa dung dch thu c phai
dung 80 ml dung dch HCl 1M . Xac nh kim loai kiem a dung ?

10
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 8. Hoa tan hoan toan 27,4 gam hon hp gom M2CO3 va MHCO3 ( M la kim loai kiem )
bang 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M thay thoat ra 6,72 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) . e trung hoa
lng axit con d phai dung 50 ml dung dch NaOH 2M
a. Xac nh 2 muoi ban au
b. Tnh % ve khoi lng cua moi muoi tren ?
9. Co mot hon hp X gom mot muoi cacbonat cua kim loai hoa tr I va mot muoi cua kim
loai hoa tr II . Hoa tan hoan toan 18 gam X . bang dung dich HCl va u thu c dung
dch Y va 3,36 lt CO2 (ktc)
a. Co can Y se thu c bao nhieu gam muoi khan ?
b. Neu biet trong hon hp X so mol muoi cacbonat cua kim loai hoa tr I gap 2 lan so
mol muoi cacbonat cua kim loai hoa tr II va nguyen t khoi cua kim loai hoa tr I hn
nguyen t khoi cua kim loai hoa tr II la 15 vC. Tm CTHH 2 muoi tren ?
10. Co mot oxit sat cha ro CTHH . Chia lng oxit nay lam 2 phan bang nhau
- Phan 1 : tac dung va u vi 150 ml dung dch HCl 3M

M
- Phan 2 : nung nong va cho luong CO i qua , thu c 8,4 gam sat .
Xac nh CTHH cua sat oxit .

O
11. Hoa tan het m gam hon hp gom ACO3 va BCO3 (A , B la 2 kim loai hoa tr II) can

.C
dung 300 ml dung dch HCl 1M . Sau phan ng thu c V lt kh CO2 (ktc) va d/dch A
. Co can dung dch A thu c 30,1 gam muoi khan
a. Xac nh m ? b. Tm V ?
C
12. Oxi hoa hoan toan 8 gam 2 kim loai A , B (eu co hoa tr II) thu c hon hp 2 oxit
O
tng ng . e hoa tan het 2 oxit tren can 150 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Sau phan ng thu
c dung dch co 2 muoi . Cho NaOH vao dung dch muoi nay thu c mot ket tua cc
AH

ai nang m gam gom hon hp 2 hiroxit kim loai

a.Viet cac PTPU xay ra ?
b. Xac nh m ?
O

13. A la oxit cua nit co phan t khoi la 92 co t le so nguyen t N va O la 1 : 2 . B la mot

H

oxit khac cua nit . ktc 1 lt kh B nang bang 1 lt kh CO 2 . Tm cong thc phan t
cua A va B ?
C

14. Hoa tan hoan toan 1,44 gam kim loai hoa tr II bang 250 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,3M .
O

e trung hoa lng axit d can dung 60 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M , Xac nh ten kim
loai ?
H

15. Nung 3 gam muoi cacbonat cua kim loai A ( cha ro hoa tr ) thu c 1,68 gam oxit .
a. Xac nh CTHH cua muoi ?
b. Neu hoa tan hoan toan 8 gam muoi tren bang V lt dung dch HCl 2M . Tnh V ?
IX/ Chng minh chat tac dung het :
1. Cho 3,87 gam hon hp gom Mg va Al tac dung vi 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M
a. Chng minh rang sau phan ng vi Mg va Al , axit van con d ?
b. Neu phan ng tren lam thoat ra 4,368 lt kh H 2 (ktc) . Hay tnh so gam Mg va Al a
dung ban au ?
c. Tnh the tch dung dch ong thi NaOH 2M va Ba(OH)2 0,1M can dung e trung hoa
het lng axit con d ?

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 2. Hoa tan 31,9 gam hon hp BaCl2 va CaCl2 vao nc c dung dch A . Cho toan bo
dung dch A tac dung vi 500 ml dung dch Na2CO3 2M thay xuat hien mot lng ket
tua
a. Chng to rang lng ket tua tren thu c la toi a ?
b. Neu cho toan bo lng dung dch A tac dung vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 th thu
c 53,4 gam ket tua . Xac nh % ve khoi lng moi muoi a dung ban au ?
3. Cho 8,4 gam hon hp Zn va Mg tac dung vi 500 ml dung dch HCl 2M
a. Chng minh rang sau phan ng axit van con d ?
b. Neu thoat ra 4,48 lt kh ktc . Hay tnh so gam Mg va Al a dung ban au
c. Tnh the tch ong thi cua 2 dung dch KOH 0,5 M va Ba(OH)2 1M can dung e
trung hoa het lng axit con d ?
4. Cho 7,8 gam hon hp Mg va Al tac dung vi 500 ml dung dch H 2SO4 1M
a. Chng minh rang sau phan ng vi Mg va Al , axit van con d ?
b. Neu phan ng tren lam thoat ra 4,368 lt kh H2 (ktc) . Hay tnh % ve khoi lng cua

M
Mg va Al a dung ban au ?
5. Cho 31,8 gam hon hp X gom 2 muoi MgCO3 va CaCO3 vao 0,8 lt dung dch HCl 1M

O
thu c dung dch Z .
a. Hoi dung dch Z co d axit khong ?

.C
b. Cho vao dung dch Z mot lng NaHCO3 d th the tch CO2 thu c la 2,24 lt . tnh
khoi lng moi muoi co trong hon hp X ?
C
X/ Ap dung s o hp thc :
O
1. Tnh khoi lng H2SO4 95% thu c t 60 kg quang pirit neu hieu suat p/ ng la 85% ?
2. Dung 150 gam quang pirit cha 20% chat tr ieu che H2SO4 . em toan bo lng axit
AH

ieu che c hoa tan va u m gam Fe2O3 . Tat ca phan ng xay ra hoan toan , hay
a. Tnh khoi lng H2SO4 ieu che c ?
b. Tnh m ?
O

3. T 1 tan quang pirit cha 90% FeS2 co the ieu che bao nhieu lt H2SO4 am ac 98%
H

(d = 1,84 g/ml) , biet hieu suat trong qua trnh ieu che la 80% ?
4. Co the ieu che bao nhieu tan CH3COOH t 100 tan CaC2 co 4% tap chat , gia s cac
C

phan ng at hieu suat 100% ?

O

XI/ Ap dung nh luat bao toan khoi lng :

1. Xac nh cong thc phan t cua A , biet rang khi ot chay 1 mol chat A can 6,5 mol oxi
H

thu c 4 mol CO2 va 5 mol nc

2. ot chay m gam chat A can dung 4,48 lt O2 thu c 2,24 lt CO2 va 3,6 gam nc .
Tnh m biet the tch cac chat kh eu dc o ktc
3. ot chay 16 gam chat A can 4,48 lt kh oxi (ktc) thu c kh CO2 va hi nc theo t
le so mol la 1 : 2 . Tnh khoi lng CO2 va H2O tao thanh ?
4. Nung hon hp 2 muoi CaCO3 va MgCO3 thu c 76 gam 2 oxit va 33,6 lt CO2 (ktc) .
Tnh khoi lng hon hp ban au ?
5. Cho hon hp 2 muoi A2SO4 va BSO4 co khoi lng 44,2 gam tac dung va u vi d/dch
BaCl2 tao thanh 69,9 gam BaSO4 ket tua .Tm khoi lng 2 muoi tan mi tao thanh ?
6. Hoa tan 10 gam hon hp 2 muoi cacbonat co hoa tr II va III bang dung dch HCl thu
c dung dch A va 0,672 lt kh (ktc) . Hoi co can dung dch A th thu c bao
nhieu gam muoi khan ?
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 7. Hoa tan 5,68 gam hon hp 2 muoi cacbonat cua kim loai thuoc nhom IIA va thuoc 2 chu
k lien tiep bang dung dch HCl d thu c 1,344 lt kh (ktc) va dung dch A . Hoi co
can dung dch A th thu c bao nhieu gam muoi khan ?
8. Cho luong kh CO i qua ong s ng m gam hon hp gom Fe , FeO , Fe2O3 nung nong
. Sau khi ket thuc th nghiem , thu c 64 gam chat ran A va 11,2 lt kh B (ktc) co t
khoi hi so vi hiro la 20,4 . Tnh m ?
XII/ Bien luan :
- Theo cac khanang phan ng xay ra - Theo lng chat ( gam , mol )
. - Theo tnh chat
- Theo phng trnh vo nh - Theo ket qua bai toan
- Theo gii han
- Theo hoa tr
1. Hoa tan hoan toan 3,78 gam mot kim loai M vao dung dch HCl thu c 4,704 lt kh
H2 (ktc) . Xac nh kim loai M ?

M
2. Hoa tan hoan toan hon hp 4 g hai kim loai A,B cung hoa tr II va co t le mol la ! : 1
bang dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc) . Hoi A , B la cac kim loai nao

O
trong cac kim loai sau : Mg , Ca , Ba , Zn , Fe , Ni .

.C
Biet : Mg = 24 , Ca= 40 , Ba= 137 , Zn = 65, Fe = 56 , Ni = 58 .
3. A la hp chat vo c khi ot nong cho ngon la mau vang . Nung nong A nhiet o cao
C
c chat ran B , hi nc va kh C khong mau , khong mui , lam uc nc voi trong .
biet chat ran B cung cho ngon la mau vang khi ot nong . Xac nh CTHH cua A va
O

B va viet cac PTPU

AH

4. A la hp chat vo c co nhieu ng dung trong nganh xay dng . Nung nong A thu c
chat ran b va kh C khong mau khong mui . Cho C loi qua bnh ng nc voi trong d
lai thay xuat hie chat ran A . Xac nh CTHH cua A va viet cac PTPU .
O

5. X la mot muoi vo c thng c dung trong phong th nghiem . Nung nong X c 2

kh Y va Z , trong o kh Y khong mau , khong mui , khong chay . Con Z la hp chat
H

c tao bi 2 nguyen to hiddro va oxi . Xac nh CTHH cua X .

C

6. A , B , C la hp chat vo c cua mot kim loai khi ot chay eu cho ngon la mau vang .
A tac dung vi B tao thanh C . Nung nong B nhiet o cao tao thanh C , hi nc va
O

kh D la hp chat cua cacbon . Biet D tac dung vi A tao c B hoac C . Xac nh

CTHH cua A , B , C ..
H

7. Muoi A khi ot chay cho ngon la mau vang . Nung nong A c chat ran B va co hi
nc thoat ra , A cung nh B eu tac dung c vi dung dch HCl tao kh C khong
mau , khong mui , khong chay . Xac nh CTHH cua A .
XIII/ Phng phap t chon lng chat :
Mot so cach chon :
- Lng chat tham gia phan ng la 1 mol
- Lng chat tham gia phan ng theo so lieu cua e bai .
1. Hoa tan mot muoi cacbonat kim loai M bang khoi lng va u cua dung dch H2SO4
9,8 % ta thu c dung dch muoi sunfat 14,18% . Hoi M la kim loai g ?
2. Hoa tan oxit mot kim loai hoa tr II vao mot lng va u dung dch H 2SO4 20% , thu
c dung dch muoi co nong o 22,6% . Xac nh ten kim loai a dung ?

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 3. Cho 16 gam hp kim cua Beri va mot kim loai kiem tac dung vi nc ta c dung
dch A va 3,36 liat kh H2 (ktc)
a. Can bao nhieu ml dung dch HCl 0,5M e trung hoa het 1/10 dung dch A ?
b. Lay 1/10 dung dch A roi them vao o 99 ml dung dch Na2SO4 0,1 M th thay dung
dch van con d Ba2+ , nhng neu them tiep 2 ml dung dch na th thay d SO42- .
Xac nh ten cua kim loai kiem ?
4. Nhiet phan 9,4 gam muoi nitrat kim loai ti phan ng hoan toan thay con lai 4 gam
chat ran . Xac nh kim loai co trong muoi ?
5. Hoa tan 2,84 gam hon hp 2 muoi cacbonat cua 2 kim loai thuoc phan nhom chnh
nhom II va thuoc 2 chu k lien tiep nhau bang dung dch HCl d ngi ta thu c dung
dch A va kh B . Co can dung dch A th thu c 3,17 gam muoi khan .
a. Tnh the tch B (ktc) .?
b. Xac nh ten 2 kim loai ?
6. ot chay 1 gam n chat M can dung lng va u oxi la 0,7 lt ( ktc) . Xac nh n

M
chat M ?
7. Nung 3 gam muoi cacbonat cua kim loai A cha ro hoa tr thu c 1,68 gam oxit kim

O
loai A .
a. Xac nh A ?

.C
b. Tnh the tch dd HCl can dung e hoa tan het 3 gam muoi cacbonat cua A tren ?
XIV/ Phng phap dung cac gia tr trung bnh :
C
A/ Phng phap dung cac gia tr mol trung bnh ( M )
O
Lu y :
a) Hon hp nhieu chat :
AH

m M n M 2 n2 ..... M i ni
M = hh = 1 1
nhh n1 n2 ... ni
O

m M V M 2V2 ..... M iVi

M = hh = 1 1
n hh V1 V2 ... Vi
H

b) Hon hp 2 chat : a, b ; % so mol

C

M n M 2 (n n1 )
M= 1 1 ; M = M1n1 + M2(1-n1)
O

n
M V M 2 (V V1 )
M= 1 1 ; M = M1X1 + M2(1-X1)
H

n
1. Hai kim loai kiem M va M/ nam trong hai chu k ke tiep nhau cua bang he thong tuan
hoan . Hoa tan moyj t hon hp M va M/ trong nc c dung dch A va 0,336 lt kh H2
(ktc) . Cho HCl d vao dung dch A va co can c 2,075 gam muoi khan . Xac nh ten
kim loai M va M/ ?
2.
Hoa tan vao nc 7,14 gam hon hp muoi cacbonat va hiddro cacbonat cua mot kim loai
hoa tr I . Sau o them vao dung dch thu c mot lng dung dch HCl va u th thu
c 0,672 lt kh ktc Xac nh ten kim loai ?
3. Nguyen t khoi cua 3 kim loai hoa tr 2 t le vi nhau theo t so la 3 : 5 : 7 . T le so mol
cua chung trong hon hp la 4 : 2 : 1 . Sau khi hoa tan 2,32 gam hon hp trong HCl d thu
c 1,568 lt H2 ktc . Xac nh 3 kim loai biet chung eu ng trc H2 trong day
Beketop .

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4. Hoa tan 46 gam hon hp Ba va 2 kim loai kiem A , B thuoc 2 chu k lien tiep nhau c
dung dch X va 11,2 lt kh (ktc)
- Neu them 0,18 mol Na2SO4 vo dung dch X th dung dch sau phan ng van cha ket
tua het Ba2+
- Neu them 0,21 mol Na2SO4 vo dung dch X th dung dch sau phan ng van con d ion
SO42-
Xac nh ten 2 kim loai kiem ?

Tc gi: ng Hng Vn

M
O
.C
C
O
AH
O
H
C
O
H

15
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