Critical Thinking

Tony D Susanto, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., ITIL

President of Association for Information Systems
Indonesia chapter (AISINDO) www.aisindo.org
Ketua Program Studi S1 Sistem Informasi ITS Surabaya (is.its.ac.id)
Hawk is bird who has wings and can fly
Woodpecker is bird who has wings and can fly
Hummingbird is bird who has wings and can fly
Conclusions: All birds, who have wings, can fly
Insect provide a concentrated source of protein
and in many poor countries people have
insufficient protein in their diets. So, those who
use insects as a food source are acting wisely.
 WHAT is CRITICAL THINKING?
Critical Thinking is the general term given to a wide range
of cognitive and intellectual skills needed to:

Effectively identify, analyze, and evaluate arguments

(premises & claim/s).
Discover and overcome personal prejudices and biases.
Formulate and present convincing reasons in support of
conclusions.
Make reasonable, intelligent decisions about what to
believe and what to do.
 WHAT is CRITICAL THINKING?

Reasoning

Analyzing CRITICAL Evaluating

THINKING
SKILLS

Decision Making Problem Solving

 WHY Critical Thinking?
1. to know the TRUTH
2. To UNDERSTAND
3. To find SOLUTIONS
4. To find New PERSPECTIVES about a Problem.
5. To change BELIEF
6. To Confirm an Idea
 HOW to Think Critically? (1)
H0:
There is NOTHING until it proves!

I dont believe anything until

it proves!
 Justification

Empirical Data Cognitive

Deductive Non-Deductive
-Observation
reasoning reasoning
-Experiment
-Statistics
-Inductive
-Probability
-Inference
-Analogy
 HOW to Think Critically? (2)

People like to make claims

Every Claim without Correct

Justification/s is NOT True
 Example: A Claim without Justification

Eating
much chocolate
make you happy.
 Claim
+ Justifications

Argumentation

Komponen Argumentasi:
* Premise :
- Chocolate produces endorphins
- Endorphins make a human being happy
* Claim :
Eating much chocolate makes someone happy
 C-L-E-A-R HOW to Think Critically? (3)

CLAIMS: What is/are the Claim/s? What are the Premise/s?

(Arguments)
LOGIC: How is the Logic or Reasoning? Do they make sense?
EVIDENCE: Are there any Prove supporting the
arguments? Enough proves? Convincing? Can we encounter
the claims with different proves?
ASSUMPTIONS: Are the claim and conclusions just based in
Assumptions? Are the assumptions correct?
ALTERNATIVE ARGUMENTS: Are there any other possible
arguments/claims? Who is the author? Who is the sponsor?
Correct Graph
Democrats = 3x Republicans?
Our environment is in Danger!!
Studying in a university is Useless!
PUREIT Aman & Berkualitas?
 Tips Misleading Data with STATISTICS
1. Incomplete Data
2. Cutting the Baseline
3. Scale
4. Use dummy sample then generalizing it!
5. Total % in a Pie chart 100%
6. There is no any detail about sample & the survey
7. Relationship cause
THANK YOU
Tony D Susanto, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., ITIL
Phone/WA: +62 81217762280
Email: tonydwisusanto@is.its.ac.id

President of Association for Information Systems-Indonesia chapter

(AISINDO) www.aisindo.org

Head of Undergraduate Program, Department of Information Systems, ITS,

Surabaya, Indonesia www.is.its.ac.id
Head of e-Government & IT Governance Research Group, ITS
(http://is.its.ac.id/rg/egov-itgov)
Scholarship Consultant & Book Author (LPDP, DIKTI, AIYEP Australia)
www.motivasibeasiswa.org
Contact: email: tonydwisusanto@is.its.ac.id
 Pemberian Tugas Individu: Membuat atau searching
contoh
1. Berita hoax & analisis kritisnya;
2. Informasi statistik menyesatkan & analisis kritisnya;
3. Pernyataan dengan logika Induktif dan Deduktif yang
Benar dan Salah.(4)
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(dikumpulkan di Pertemuan ke-6)