Barack Obama

De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liber

Pentru alte persoane purtnd acelai nume, vedei Obama (dezambiguizare).

Barack Hussein Obama al II-lea (pronunie n limba Barack Obama

englez i /brk husen bm/;[9] n. 4 august 1961,
Honolulu, Hawaii) a fost al 44-lea preedinte al Statelor Unite
ale Americii, fiind primul afro-american ales n aceast
funcie, n urma alegerilor prezideniale din 4 noiembrie 2008,
alturi de Joe Biden ca vicepreedinte. A fost nvestit n
funcie la 20 ianuarie 2009 i l-a nlocuit pe predecesorul su
George W. Bush. n 2012, a fost reales, rmnnd astfel n
funcie pentru nc 4 ani.

Fiul unui kenyan, Barack Hussein Obama, Sr. i al unei

americane, Ann Dunham Stanley, Obama a petrecut o mare
parte a copilriei n Honolulu, Hawaii. De la ase pn la zece
ani a trit n Jakarta, mpreun cu mama lui i cu tatl vitreg,
indonezian. Absolvent al Universitii Columbia i al
Facultii de Drept de la Harvard, nainte de a candida pentru
intrarea n administraia public i de a deveni membru al Portretul oficial al lui Barack Obama ca preedinte
Senatului statului Illinois ntre 1997 i 2004, Obama a lucrat al SUA; (primul portret prezidenial oficial realizat
ca mobilizator comunitar, docent universitar i ca avocat cu o camer digital)[1]
specializat n aprarea drepturilor civile. Dup o ncercare Date personale
nereuit de a obine un loc n Camera Reprezentanilor a Nume la
S.U.A. n anul 2000, n 2003 Obama i-a anunat participarea natere Barack Hussein Obama II[3]
la campania electoral pentru Senatul S.U.A.. Un an mai Nscut 4 august 1961 (56 de
trziu, cnd era nc membru al Senatului din Illinois, Obama ani)[3][4][5][6]
a inut discursul principal la Convenia Naional Democrat Kapiolani Medical Center for
din 2004.[10] n noiembrie 2004 Obama a fost ales ca senator Women and Children[*], SUA[3]
al Statelor Unite, cu o majoritate de 70% din voturi.[11] n
Prini Barack Obama[3]
calitate de membru al opoziiei democrate n al 109-lea
Ann Dunham[*][3]
Congres al Statelor Unite, Obama a susinut o serie de legi
Frai i surori Auma Obama[*]
bipartizane care urmreau controlul armelor convenionale i Maya Soetoro-Ng[*]
creterea responsabilizrii administraiei n ceea ce privete Bernard Obama[*]
utilizarea fondurilor publice. n aceeai perioad a ntreprins George Obama[*]
vizite oficiale n Europa de Est, Orientul Mijlociu i Africa. n Mark Okoth Obama Ndesandjo[*]
David Ndesandjo[*]
Congresul actual, al 110-lea, a sprijinit legislaia referitoare la Abo Obama[*]
lobbying i frauda electoral, schimbarea climatic, terorismul Malik Abongo Obama[*]
nuclear i la sprijinul care trebuie s fie acordat personalului Cstorit cu Michelle Obama (din 3 octombrie
militar ntors acas. Din februarie 2007, dat la care a anunat 1992)[7][8]
nceperea campaniei sale prezideniale, Obama include printre Copii Malia Obama[*]
obiectivele sale prioritare terminarea rzboiului din Irak Sasha Obama[*]
meninnd n acelai timp o politic de aparre solid, Naionalitate american
creterea independenei energetice i asigurarea asistenei Cetenie SUA
medicale universale.[12] Cstorit din 1992, are dou fiice. Etnie afro-american
Este autorul a dou cri de mare succes: Dreams from My Religie cretin[2]
Father, o carte de memorii, i The Audacity of Hope, un Ocupaie om politic
comentariu personal asupra politicii Statelor Unite.[13] Al 44-lea preedinte al Statelor Unite ale
Americii
n funcie
La 9 octombrie 2009, Barack Obama a fost anunat drept 20 ianuarie 2009 20 ianuarie 2017
laureat al Premiului Nobel pentru Pace pe 2009, pentru Precedat de George W. Bush
eforturile sale extraordinare n scopul ntririi cooperrii ntre Succedat de Donald Trump
popoare.[14] Senator al Statelor Unite
n funcie
3 ianuarie 2005 16 noiembrie 2008
Precedat de Peter Fitzgerald[*]
Cuprins Succedat de Roland Burris[*]
Circumscripia Illinois
1 Tinereea i primii ani ai carierei
Senator al statului Illinois
2 Senator la nivel de stat federal, 19972004
3 Campania pentru Senat n funcie
8 ianuarie 1997 4 noiembrie 2004
4 Mandatul de senator, din 2005
4.1 Legi Precedat de Alice Palmer[*]
4.2 Comisii Succedat de Kwame Raoul[*]
5 Campanii prezideniale
5.1 Campania prezidenial din 2008 Premii Premiul Nobel pentru Pace(2009)
5.1.1 Victoria n alegeri Grammy Award for Best Spoken
Word Album[*] (8 februarie 2006)
5.2 Campania prezidenial din 2012 Medalia prezidenial de distincie
6 Preedinia a Israelului[*] de la imon Peres
6.1 Primele zile (21 martie 2013)
6.2 Politica intern Omul Anului conform revistei
6.2.1 Grupurile de consiliere i Time[*] (2008)
Omul Anului conform revistei
supervizare ale Casei Albe Time[*] (2012)
6.2.2 Politica economic Grammy Award for Best Spoken
6.2.3 Politica privind mediul nconjurtor Word Album[*] (2005)
6.2.4 Reforma sistemului sanitar NAACP Image Award for
6.2.5 Politica energetic Outstanding Literary Work,
Nonfiction[*] (2007)
6.2.6 Controlul armelor de foc NAACP Image Award
6.2.7 Alegerile legislative pariale din Chairman's Award[*] (2005)
2010 Premiul Media German[*] (2016)
6.3 Politica extern ...mai multe...
6.3.1 Irak Partid politic Partidul Democrat
6.3.2 Rzboiul din Afganistan Alma mater State Elementary School Menteng
6.3.3 Israel 01[*]
6.3.4 Rzboiul din Libia coala Punahou[*]
Occidental College[*]
6.3.5 Osama bin Laden Universitatea Columbia
7 Viziunea politic Facultatea de Drept Harvard[*]
8 Familia i viaa personal Noelani Elementary School[*]
9 Imaginea politic i cultural Semntur
10 Premiul Nobel pentru Pace
11 Note
12 Bibliografie
13 Legturi externe Prezen online
14 Vezi i site web oficial
Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
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instagram
Obama, nscut pe 4 august 1961[15] n Honolulu, Hawaii, este canal YouTube
fiul lui Barack Hussein Obama, Sr. (nscut n provincia Modific date / text

kenyan Nyanza, de etnie luo(en)) i al lui Ann Dunham

(nscut n Wichita, Kansas).[16] n copilrie, la coal i acas i se spunea Barry.[17] Prinii, care se
cunoscuser la Universitatea Hawaii din Manoa, unde tatl su era nscris ca student strin,[18] s-au desprit
cnd Obama avea doi ani, divornd ulterior.[19] Dup un doctorat obinut la Harvard, Barack Obama senior s-a

ntors n Kenia, unde a murit n 1982, ntr-un accident de main.[20] Ann Dunham s-a cstorit cu un alt
ntors n Kenia, unde a murit n 1982, ntr-un accident de main.[20] Ann Dunham s-a cstorit cu un alt
student strin, Lolo Soetoro, n 1967 familia mutndu-se n Indonezia, ara natal a lui Soetoro.[21] De la ase
pn la zece ani Obama a frecventat o coal din Jakarta cu predare n limba indonezian.[22][23] Din clasa a
cincea pn n 1979 a locuit cu bunicii materni n Honolulu, unde a urmat cursurile colii private Punahou,
descris n Dreams from My Father ca o prestigioas coal pregtitoare.[24] Mai trziu va scrie despre anii
petrecui n Hawaii: Oportunitatea care mi-a fost oferit acolo experiena unei societi n care o multitudine
de culturi convieuiesc n respect reciproc a devenit parte integrant a concepiei mele despre lume i
fundamentul sistemului meu de valori.[25] n 1995, mama sa a murit de cancer ovarian.[26]

n Dreams from My Father, Obama descrie experienele sale i educaia primit ntr-o familie aparinnd clasei
mijlocii americane.Pe tatl su, care a fcut o scurt vizit n America n 1971, l-a cunoscut mai ales din
povestirile familiei i din fotografii.[20] Referindu-se la primii ani ai copilriei, scrie: Eram doar vag contient
de faptul c tatl meu era complet diferit de cei din jurul meu - c era negru ca smoala, n timp ce mama mea
era alb ca laptele. [27] Cartea descrie dificultatea tnrului Obama de a reconcilia percepiile sociale n
legtur cu motenirea sa multirasial,[28] i faptul c n timpul adolescenei a fcut uz de alcool, marijuana i
de cocain, pentru a evita s m ntreb cine eram.[29]

Dup absolvirea liceului a frecventat timp de doi ani Occidental College din Los Angeles,[30] dup care s-a
mutat la New York, unde a studiat tiine politice la Universitatea Columbia, specializndu-se n relaii
internaionale.[31] Liceniat n 1983, a lucrat la Business International Corporation i la New York Public
Interest Research Group, transferndu-se apoi la Chicago pentru a se dedica activitii de mobilizator
comunitar.[32] n calitate de director al proiectului Developing Communities, s-a ocupat de locuitorii cu venituri
modeste dintr-o zon a oraului numit Roseland i din complexul de locuine sociale Altgeld Gardens.[33] n
1988 a fost admis la Harvard Law School, coal de nalte studii n drept.[34] n 1990, The New York Times
semnala alegerea lui ca preedinte al revistei Harvard Law Review, Obama fiind prima persoan de culoare care
a ocupat aceast funcie n cei 104 ani de existen a acesteia.[35] n 1991 a obinut titlul de Juris Doctor magna
cum laude.[36] ntorcndu-se la Chicago, a condus o micare ce avea scopul de a convinge ct mai multe
persoane s se nregistreze pentru a vota (n englez voter registration drive).[36] ntre 1993 i 1996, ca avocat
asociat al biroului Miner, Barnhill & Galland, s-a ocupat de cazuri de discriminare i de nclcare a dreptului de
vot precum i de reprezentarea legal a mobilizatorilor comunitari.[37] Din 1993 pn n 2004, cnd a devenit
senator al S.U.A., a predat drept constituional la Facultatea de Drept din Chicago.[38]

Senator la nivel de stat federal, 19972004

Obama a fost ales ca membru al Senatului statului Illinois n 1996,
succedndu-i n funcie lui Alice Palmer ca senator din partea colegiului
13 din Illinois, care la acea vreme era compus din cartierele de sud din
Chicago de la Hyde Park-Kenwood nspre sud pn la South Shore i
nspre vest pn la Chicago Lawn.[39] Dup ce a fost ales, Obama a
obinut suportul ambelor partide importante pentru legi care reformau
codurile de etic i legislaia sistemului sanitar.[40] A susinut o lege
care mrea deducerile pentru angajaii cu salarii mici, a negociat
reforma proteciei sociale, i a promovat creterea subveniilor pentru
creterea copiilor.[41] n 2001, din funcia de copreedinte al Joint
Committee on Administrative Rules, Obama a susinut propunerile
guvernatorului republican Ryan pentru reglementarea plilor Obama srbtorind n 1998 numirea unei
mprumuturilor cu scopul de a evita scoaterea la vnzare a proprietilor strzi din Chicago dup cofondatorul
ipotecate.[42] bncii ShoreBank, Milton Davis

Obama a fost reales n senatul statului Illinois n 1998 i n 2002.[43] n

2000, a pierdut alegerile primare din cadrul Partidului Democrat pentru Camera Reprezentanilor n faa lui
Bobby Rush, care era atunci la al patrulea mandat.[44][45]
n ianuarie 2003, Obama a devenit preedinte al Comisiei pentru Sntate i Servicii Umane a Senatului statului
Illinois, dup ce democraii au devenit majoritari pentru prima oar dup 10 ani.[46] A susinut adoptarea n
unanimitate a legilor de monitorizare a discriminrilor rasiale, cernd poliiei s nregistreze rasa oferilor pe
care i aresta, i a legilor care au fcut din Illinois primul stat n care a devenit obligatorie nregistrarea video a
interogatoriilor n cazurile de omucidere.[41][47] n timpul campaniei pentru alegerile generale din 2004 pentru
Senatul Statelor Unite, reprezentanii poliiei l-au ludat pe Obama pentru implicarea activ n organizaiile
poliiei prin reformele adoptate n domeniul aplicrii pedepsei capitale.[48] Obama a demisionat din Senatul
Illinois n noiembrie 2004 n urma alegerii sale n Senatul Statelor Unite.[49]

Campania pentru Senat

La jumtatea lui 2002, Obama a nceput s se gndeasc la o candidatur pentru Senatul
federal; i-a asigurat sfatul consultantului politic David Axelrod n acea toamn i i-a
anunat candidatura n ianuarie 2003.[50] Deciziile senatorului republican Peter
Fitzgerald i ale predecesorului su democrat Carol Moseley Braun de a nu mai candida
au deschis alegeri primare n cadrul celor dou partide, la care au participat cincisprezece
candidai.[51] Candidatura lui Obama a fost susinut de campania publicitar a lui
Axelrod cu imagini ale rposatului primar al oraului Chicago, Harold Washington, i de
susinerea fiicei lui Paul Simon, fostul senator de Illinois.[52] A primit peste 52% din
voturi n alegerile primare din martie 2004, cu 29 de procente peste cel mai apropiat
contracandidat democrat.[53]

Adversarul ateptat al lui Obama la alegerile generale, ctigtorul alegerilor primare din Rezultatul votului
din 2004 pentru
tabra republican, Jack Ryan, s-a retras din curs n iunie 2004.[54]
Senatul SUA,
n iulie 2004, Obama a inut discursul principal la Convenia Naional Democrat din Illinois. Obama a
ctigat n
2004 de la Boston, Massachusetts.[55] Dup ce a descris experienele bunicului su
comitatele colorate
dinspre mam din timpul celui de-al Doilea Rzboi Mondial i a felului cum a beneficiat n albastru.
el de programele FHA i G.I. Bill din cadrul politicii New Deal, Obama a vorbit despre
schimbarea prioritilor sociale i economice ale guvernului federal. El a pus sub semnul
ntrebrii gestiunea rzboiului din Irak de ctre administraia Bush i a accentuat obligaiile statului american
fa de soldaii si. Bazndu-se pe exemple din istoria SUA, el a criticat punctele de vedere partizane ale
electoratului i a cerut americanilor s gseasc unitate n diversitate, spunnd, Nu exist o Americ liberal i
una conservatoare; exist doar Statele Unite ale Americii.[56] Difuzarea discursului de ctre marile organizaii
media l-au lansat pe Obama ca figur politic de anvergur naional i i-au ntrit poziia n campania pentru
Senatul SUA.[57]

n august 2004, la dou luni dup retragerea lui Ryan i la mai puin de trei luni nainte de alegeri, Alan Keyes a
acceptat nominalizarea Partidului Republican din statul Illinois la candidatur n locul lui Ryan.[58] Rezident al
statului Maryland, Keyes i-a stabilit legal reedina n Illinois odat cu nominalizarea.[59] n alegerile generale
din noiembrie 2004, Obama a primit 70% din voturi, fa de doar 27% obinute de Keyes, obinnd astfel cea
mai detaat victorie n alegerile senatoriale din istoria statului Illinois.[60]

Mandatul de senator, din 2005

Obama a depus jurmntul ca senator la 4 ianuarie 2005.[61] Obama a fost al cincilea senator de origine afro-
american din istoria SUA, i al treilea ales prin vot popular.[62] Este singurul senator membru al organizaiei
Congressional Black Caucus.[63] CQ Weekly, o publicaie neutr, l-a caracterizat ca un democrat loial pe baza
analizei voturilor din senat n perioada 20052007, iar National Journal l-a denumit cel mai liberal senator
pe baza unei evaluri a voturilor selecionate n timpul anului 2007. n 2005 a fost al aisprezecelea n acest
clasament, iar n 2006 a fost al zecelea.[64][65] n 2008, n clasamentul Congress.org al celor mai puternici
senatori, s-a clasat al unsprezecelea.[66] La 13 noiembrie 2008, Obama i-a anunat demisia din Senat ncepnd
 cu data de 16 noiembrie 2008, pentru a se concentra pe perioada de
tranziie prezidenial.[67][68] Aceasta i-a permis s evite conflictul ntre
rolurile de preedinte ales i senator n cadrul sesiunii de tranziie a
Senatului, conflict care nu a afectat niciun membru al Congresului de dup
Warren Harding.[69]

Legi

Obama a votat pentru Legea

Politicii Energetice din 2005 i a
fost coiniiator al Legii pentru o
Americ Sigur i pentru Imigraie
Ordonat.[71] n septembrie 2006,
Obama a susinut o lege pe acelai
Portretul oficial al lui Obama ca
subiect, denumit Legea Gardului
senator al Statelor Unite
de Siguran (n englez The
Secure Fence Act).[72] Obama a
introdus dou iniiative legislative care au ajuns s-i poarte numele: Tom Coburn (senator republican de
LugarObama, o extindere a conceptului Reducerea Cooperativ a Oklahoma) i Obama, iniiatorii
Pericolului NunnLugar n domeniul armamentului convenional, [73] proiectului legislativ denumit Legea
i Legea Transparenei Contabile a Finanelor Federale CoburnObama, Transparenei CoburnObama discutnd
care a autorizat nfiinarea motorului de cutare USAspending.gov, proiectul.[70]
pentru accesul uor la informaiile referitoare la modul cum sunt
cheltuite fondurile federale.[74] La 3 iunie 2008, senatorul Obama,
mpreun cu senatorii Thomas R. Carper, Tom Coburn, i John McCain, a introdus un proiect de lege pentru
completarea acesteia: Legea de ntrire a Transparenei Contabile n Finanele Federale din 2008.[75]

Obama a iniiat un proiect de lege care ar fi obligat proprietarii de centrale nucleare s anune autoritile locale
i statale n caz de scurgeri radioactive, dar proiectul a fost respins n plenul Senatului dup ce fusese anterior
modificat mult n comisii.[76] n decembrie 2006, preedintele Bush a promulgat Legea pentru Promovarea
Democraiei, Securitii i Pcii n Republica Democrat Congo, prima lege federal iniiat de Obama care a
intrat n vigoare.[77] n ianuarie 2007, Obama i senatorul Feingold au introdus o completare a Legii pentru
Conducerea Cinstit i Guvernarea Deschis, completare ce viza transportul cu avioanele corporaiilor,
completare promulgat n septembrie 2007.[78] Obama a depus proiectele legislative ale Legii pentru
Prevenirea Practicilor Confuziei i Intimidrii Alegtorilor (n englez Deceptive Practices and Voter
Intimidation Prevention Act), o propunere legislativ ce incrimina practicile de derutare a alegtorilor la
alegerile federale[79] i a Legii pentru Dezescaladarea Rzboiului din Irak (n englez Iraq War De-Escalation
Act) din 2007,[80], niciuna dintre cele dou nefiind promulgat.

n 2007, Obama a susinut i un amendament al Legii pentru

Obama i Richard Lugar vizitnd o
fabric mobil ruseasc pentru
dezamorsarea rachetelor nucleare.[81]
Autorizarea Aprrii prin care se adugau mecanisme de siguran n
cazul concedierilor personalului militar pe motiv de probleme de
personalitate.[82] Acest amendament a fost adoptat de plenul Senatului
n primvara lui 2008.[83] A iniiat proiectul Legii pentru Activarea
Sanciunilor mpotriva Iranului, susinnd retragerea investiiilor bazate
pe fondurile de pensii de stat n industria iranian de extracie a
petrolului i gazelor, proiect care nu a trecut de comisii, i a coiniiat
propuneri de reducere a riscurilor de terorism nuclear.[84][85] Obama a
iniiat i un amendament al Senatului la Programul de Stat pentru
Asigurri de Sntate pentru Copii, permind un an de protecie a
locului de munc pentru membrii familiilor care ngrijesc soldai cu rni
din rzboi.[86]
Comisii

Obama a fcut parte din comisiile Senatoriale pentru politic extern, mediu i lucrri publice, i problemele
veteranilor de rzboi pn n decembrie 2006.[87] n ianuarie 2007, a ieit din comisia pentru mediu i lucrri
publice, primind funcii suplimentare n comisia pentru sntate, educaie, munc i pensii i n comisia pentru
securitatea statului i afaceri guvernamentale.[88] A devenit, de asemenea, preedinte al subcomisiei senatoriale
pentru afaceri europene.[89] Ca membru al comisiei de politic extern, Obama a efectuat vizite oficiale n
Europa de Est, Orientul Mijlociu, Asia Central i Africa. S-a ntlnit cu Mahmoud Abbas nainte ca acesta s
devin preedinte al Autoritii Palestiniene, i a inut un discurs la Universitatea din Nairobi n care a
condamnat coprupia din cadrul guvernului kenyan.[90][91][92][93]

Campanii prezideniale
Campania prezidenial din 200 8
Articol principal: Alegeri prezideniale n Statele Unite ale Americii, 2008.

La 10 februarie 2007, Obama i-a anunat candidatura la funcia de

Preedinte al Statelor Unite n faa cldirii capitoliului din Springfield,
Illinois.[94][95] Alegerea locului a fost simbolic, deoarece acolo i-a
inut Abraham Lincoln celebrul discurs House Divided n 1858.[96]
De-a lungul campaniei, Obama a pus accent pe problema rzboiului din
Irak, pe creterea independenei energetice, i pe furnizarea de servicii
medicale pentru toi, la un moment dat identificnd acestea ca fiind Obama pe scen mpreun cu soia i
principalele sale prioriti.[97] cele dou fiice ale sale chiar nainte de
anunarea candidaturii la preedinie n
Campania lui Obama a strns 58 de milioane de dolari n prima Springfield, Illinois.
jumtate a lui 2007, din care micile donaii de mai puin de 200 de
dolari au reprezentat 16,4 milioane. Cu suma de 58 de milioane de
dolari, a stabilit recordul de fonduri strnse pentru o campanie prezidenial n primele ase luni ale anului
calendaristic dinainte de alegeri.[98] Volumul poriunii provenite din mici donaii a fost uria att n termeni
relativi ct i absolui.[99] n ianuarie 2008, campania sa a stabilit un alt record de finanare, cu 36,8 milioane de
dolari, suma cea mai mare strns de un candidat la preedinie ntr-o singur lun n alegerile primare
democrate.[100]

Printre candidaii aprobai de Convenia Naional Democrat din ianuarie 2008, Obama a fost la egalitate cu
Hillary Clinton la alegerile primare din New Hampshire i a ctigat mai muli delegai dect Clinton n Iowa,
Nevada i Carolina de Sud. n ziua denumit Super Tuesday, a ctigat cu 20 mai muli delegai dect
Clinton.[101] A depit din nou recordurile de fonduri pe primele dou luni ale lui 2008, adunnd peste 90 de
milioane de dolari pentru alegerile primare, fa de doar 45 de milioane ct a strns Clinton.[102] Dup Super
Tuesday, Obama a ctigat restul de alegeri primare din februarie.[103] Obama i Clinton i-au mprit delegaii
i statele aproximativ egal n alegerile din 4 martie din Vermont, Texas, Ohio, i Rhode Island; Obama a
ncheiat luna ctignd n Wyoming i Mississippi.[104]

n martie 2008, a pornit o controvers legat de Jeremiah Wright, pastorul din ultimii 20 de ani al lui
Obama,[105] dup ce ABC News a difuzat imagini de la predicile acestuia, cu o puternic ncrctur rasial i
politic.[105][106] Iniial, Obama a rspuns aprnd rolul lui Wright n cadrul comunitii afro-americane din
Chicago,[107] dar i-a condamnat remarcile i a ncheiat relaiile cu Wright din cadrul campaniei.[108] n timpul
controversei, Obama a inut un discurs intitulat O uniune mai perfect (n englez A More Perfect
Union),[109] n care a tratat probleme rasiale. Obama a prsit ulterior Trinity United Church of Christ pentru
a evita impresia c susine ntreaga gam de opinii exprimate n cadrul acelei biserici.[110][111][112]

Obama innd discursul de dup
victoria n alegerile din 2008 n
Grant Park, Chicago.
n aprilie, mai i iunie, Obama a ctigat alegerile primare din Carolina de
Nord, Oregon i Montana i a rmas n frunte la numrul de delegai, n
timp ce Clinton a ctigat n Pennsylvania, Indiana, Virginia de Vest,
Kentucky, Puerto Rico, i Dakota de Sud. n aceast perioad, Obama a
primit suportul mai multor superdelegai dect Clinton.[113] La 31 mai,
Comisia Naional Democrat a aprobat participarea tuturor delegailor din
Michigan i Florida la convenia naional, fiecare cu o jumtate de vot,
reducndu-i avansul lui Obama i crescnd numrul de delegai necesar
pentru victorie.[114] La 3 iunie, dup numrarea tuturor statelor, Obama a
trecut pragul necesar pentru a deveni candidat prezumtiv.[115][116] n acea
zi, a inut un discurs de victorie la St. Paul, Minnesota. Clinton i-a
suspendat campania i i-a acordat susinerea la 7 iunie.[117] De atunci,
Obama i-a dus lupta electoral mpotriva senatorului John McCain,
candidatul republican.

La 19 iunie, Obama a devenit primul candidat la preedinie care a refuzat

finanarea public n alegerile generale de la crearea sistemului n 1976, rzgndindu-se dup ce iniial ar fi vrut
s accepte.[118]

La 23 august 2008, Obama l-a ales pe senatorul de Delaware Joe Biden drept candidat la funcia de
vicepreedinte.[119] La Convenia Naional Democrat din in Denver, Colorado, fosta rival a lui Obama,
Hillary Clinton, a inut un discurs prin care a susinut candidatura lui Obama i a cerut apoi nominalizarea lui
Obama la candidatur prin aclamaii.[120][121] Apoi, la 28 august, Obama a inut un discurs n faa a 84.000 de
susintori n Denver. n timpul discursului, vizionat de peste 38 de milioane de telespectatori din toat lumea, a
acceptat nominalizarea partidului su i i-a prezentat programul politic.[122][123]

La 2 noiembrie 2008, bunica lui Obama, Madelyn Dunham, a murit de cancer la vrsta de 86 de ani. Obama a
aflat vestea la 3 noiembrie, cu o zi nainte de a fi ales n funcia de Preedinte al SUA.[124]

Victoria n alegeri

La 4 noiembrie 2008, Barack Obama l-a nvins pe John McCain n

alegerile generale, cu 365 electori fa de 173 ct a obinut McCain[125]
i a devenit primul afro-american ales preedinte al Statelor
Unite.[126][127][128][129] n discursul de dup anunarea rezultatelor,
discurs inut n faa a sute de mii de susintori adunai la Chicago,
Obama a afirmat c schimbarea a sosit n America.[130] Evocnd
discursul lui Martin Luther King I've Been to the Mountaintop, el a
spus: Drumul nainte va fi lung. Urcuul va fi greu. S-ar putea s nu
ajungem la capt ntr-un an, nici mcar ntr-un singur mandat. Dar,
America, niciodat nu am fost mai plin de speran c vom ajunge
acolo.[131]
Preedintele ales Obama se ntlnete cu
preedintele n exerciiu George W. Bush
Campania prezidenial din 201 2
n Biroul oval, la 10 noiembrie 2008.

Articol principal: Alegeri prezideniale n Statele Unite ale

Americii, 2012.

La 4 aprilie, 2011, Obama a anunat campania sa pentru realegerea ca preedinte n 2012 ntr-un videoclip cu
denumirea It Begins with Us (n ro. Se ncepe cu noi) pe care l-a postat pe situl su i i-a depus actele
electorale la Comisia Electoral Federal.[133][134][135] Ca preedinte n exerciiu a candidat practic fr
opoziie n alegerile prezideniale din Partidul Democrat,[136] i pe 3 aprilie 2012, Obama a asigurat cei 2778 de
delegai de la convenie necesari pentru a ctiga nominalizarea din cadrul partidului Democrat.[137]
 La Convenia Naional Democratic din Charlotte, North Carolina,
fostul Preedinte Bill Clinton i-a nominalizat oficial pe Obama i Joe
Biden ca candidai ai Partidului Democret pentru postul de preedinte i
vice-preedinte la alegerile generale, n care adversarii lor principale au
fost Republicanii Mitt Romney, fostul guvernator al statului
Massachusetts, i Reprezentativul Paul Ryan din Wisconsin.[138]

Pe 6 noiembrie 2012, Obama a ctigat 332[139] de delegai la colegiul

Empire State Buildinga fost iluminat n electoral, depind cele 270 de delegai necesare pentru a fi ales pentru
albastru atunci cnd CNN a anuna un al doilea mandat ca preedinte.[140][141] Obama a devenit primul
ctigtorul de la alegerile prezideniale preedinte Democrat dup Franklin D. Roosevelt care a ctigat de dou
din 2012; daca-r fi ctigat Romney ar fi ori majoritatea votului popular.[142] Preedintele Obama s-a adresat
[132]
fost iluminat n rou. susintorilor i voluntarilor de la Chicago's McCormick Place dup
realegerea sa i a zis: Ast sear ai votat pentru aciune, nu pentru
politica obinuit. Ne-ai ales s ne concentrm pe locurile voastre de
munc, nu pe ale noastre. i n urmtoarele sptmni i luni, voi ntinde mna pentru a colabora cu liderii
ambelor partide.[143]

Preedinia
Primele zile

La 8 ianuarie 2009, camerele Congresului SUA, reunite n edin

comun, au certificat voturile colegiului electoral din urma alegerilor
din anul precedent. Pe baza rezultatelor votului electoral, Barack
Obama a fost declarat Preedinte ales al Statelor Unite, iar Joseph
Biden a fost declarat vicepreedinte ales.[144] Obama a depus
jurmntul ca al 44-lea Preedinte al Statelor Unite la ora prnzului
dup ora coastei estice a SUA (17:00 UTC) la 20 ianuarie 2009 ntr-o
ceremonie inaugural la Capitoliu.[145] Tema ceremoniei de inaugurare
a fost O nou natere a libertii, i a comemorat 200 de ani de la
naterea lui Abraham Lincoln.[146] Preedintele Barack Obama la depunerea
jurmntului, 20 ianuarie 2009

Politica intern

Prima lege promulgat de Obama a fost Legea Salarizrii Corecte Lilly Ledbetter din 2009(en), prin care se
relaxa termenul de prescripie al proceselor pe tema salarizrii egale.[147] Cinci zile mai trziu, el a promulgat
i legea de reautorizare a Programului de Stat pentru Asigurarea Sanitar a Copiilor (SCHIP) ce permitea
asigurarea sanitar a 4 milioane de copii neasigurai.[148] n martie 2009, Obama a anulat o politic a
administraiei Bush care limita finanarea programelor de cercetri cu celule stem embrionice(en) i s-a angajat
s dezvolte ndrumri stricte n domeniu.[149]

Obama a numit dou femei ca judectori la Curtea Suprem n primii doi ani de preedinie. Sonia Sotomayor,
nominalizat de Obama la 26 mai 2009, n locul judectorului David Souter, care s-a pensionat, a fost
confirmat la 6 august 2009,[150] i a devenit prima judectoare de origine hispanic la Curtea Suprem.[151]
Elena Kagan, nominalizat de Obama la 10 mai 2010, n locul lui John Paul Stevens, a fost confirmat la 5
august 2010, ceea ce a adus numrul de femei din Curtea Suprem la trei, pentru prima oar n istoria Statelor
Unite.[152]

La 30 septembrie 2009, administraia Obama a propus noi reglementri n domeniul centralelor electrice,
fabricilor i rafinriilor de petrol, cu scopul de a limita emisiile de gaze de ser i de a combate nclzirea
global.[153][154]
 La 8 octombrie 2009, Obama a promulgat Legea pentru Prevenirea
Infraciunilor Motivate de Ur Matthew Shepard i James Byrd, Jr., o
msur ce extindea o lege existent din 1969 pentru a include i
infraciuni motivate de sexul, orientarea sexual, identitatea sexual sau
disabilitatea reale sau percepute ale victimei.[155][156]

La 30 martie 2010, Obama a promulgat Legea de Reconciliere a

Obama innd discursul n faa camerelor
reunite ale Congresului cu
vicepreedintele Joe Biden i speakerul
Camerei(en) Nancy Pelosi la 24 februarie
2009
Sntii i Educaiei(en), o lege de reconciliere(en) care a pus capt
procesului prin care guvernul federal acorda subvenii unor bnci
private pentru a acorda credite garantate de stat, cretea bursele de tip
Pell Grant(en), i efectua modificri n Legea pentru Protecia
Pacientului i pentru ngrijire Medical Ieftin.[157][158]

ntr-un important discurs pe tema politicii spaiale inut n aprilie 2010,

Obama a anunat o modificare a direciei de urmat de ctre NASA, agenia spaial american. El a pus capt
planurilor de a reveni cu zboruri umane pe Lun i de a dezvolta racheta Ares V i Programul Constellation(en),
n favoarea finanrii proiectelor de tiina Pmntului, un nou tip de rachet i cercetare i dezvoltare pentru o
eventual misiune uman pe Marte, precum i pe continuarea misiunilor de pe Staia Spaial
Internaional.[159]

La 22 decembrie 2010, Obama a promulgat actul de abrogare a Legii

Don't Ask, Don't Tell, ndeplinind o promisiune important din
campania prezidenial din 2008[160][161] de a pune capt politicii Don't
ask, don't tell(en) din 1993 care mpiedica pe homosexuali i pe lesbiene
s serveasc n Forele Armate.[162]

Discursul privind starea uniunii al preedintelui Obama din 2011 s-a

concentrat pe teme de educaie i inovaie, punnd accent pe importana
Obama se ntlnete cuCabinetul, 23 economiei inovative pentru creterea competitivitii Statelor Unite n
noiembrie 2009 lume. El a vorbit despre o ngheare pe cinci ani a cheltuielilor interne,
despre eliminarea scutirilor de taxe pentru companiile petroliere i
despre eliminarea reducerilor de taxe pentru cei mai nstrii americani,
despre interzicerea la nivel de Congres a earmarkurilor i despre reducerea costurilor cu asigurarea sanitar. El
a promis c Statele Unite vor avea un milion de vehicule electrice pe osele pn n 2015 i c se vor baza n
proporie de 80% pe electricitatea curat.[163][164]

n calitate de candidat pentru senatul statului Illinois, Obama afirmase n 1996 c susine legalizarea cstoria
ntre persoane de acelai sex(en);[165] dar cnd a candidat pentru senatul federal n 2004, el a afirmat c, dei
susine parteneriatele civile i domestice pentru persoane de acelai sex, din motive strategice se opune
cstoriilor ntre persoane de acelai sex.[166] La 9 mai 2012, la scurt timp dup lansarea oficial a campaniei
sale pentru realegerea n funcia de preedinte, Obama a afirmat c ideile lui evoluaser, i a afirmat n public
susinerea personal pentru legalizarea cstoriilor ntre persoane de acelai sex, devenind primul preedinte
american care face o astfel de afirmaie.[167][168]

n timpul celui de al doilea discurs inaugural, inut la 21 ianuarie 2013,[169] Obama a cerut deplin egalitate n
drepturi pentru americanii homosexuali: cltoria noastr nu se va fi terminat pn cnd fraii i surorile
noastre homosexuale nu vor fi tratate n faa legii la fel ca orice alt persoan cci dac suntem cu adevrat
fcui egali, atunci sigur c dragostea pe care ne-o purtm unul altuia trebuie s fie tot egal. A fost un
moment istoric, prima dat cnd un preedinte a menionat drepturile homosexualilor sau mcar cuvntul
homosexual ntr-un discurs inaugural.[170][171] n 2013, administraia Obama a cerut prin acte oficiale Curii
Supreme s decid n favoarea cuplurilor de acelai sex n cazurile Hollingsworth v. Perry(en) (pe tema
cstoriilor ntre persoane de acelai sex)[172] i Statele Unite v. Windsor(en) (pe tema Legii Aprrii
Cstoriei).[173]
Grupurile de consiliere i supervizare ale Casei Albe

La 11 martie 2009, Obama a nfiinat Consiliul Casei Albe pentru Femei i Fete(en), care formeaz parte din
Oficiul pentru Afaceri Interguvernamentale, nfiinat prin Ordonana Executiv nr. 13506 cu un larg mandat de
a-l consilia pe teme legate de situaia femeilor i fetelor n americane.[174] Consiliul este prezidat de consiliera
Valerie Jarrett(en).[175] Obama a nfiinat i Grupul de Lucru pentru Protejarea Studenilor de Agresiuni
Sexuale(en) printr-un memorandum oficial al guvernului Statelor Unite de la 22 ianuarie 2014 cu un mandat
pentru a-l consilia pe teme legate de agresiuni sexuale ce au loc n campusurile colegiale i universitare din
Statele Unite.[175][176][177] Copreedinii acestui grup de lucru sunt vicepreedintele Joe Biden i Jarrett.[176]
Grupul de Lucru s-a dezvoltat din Consiliul Casei Albe pentru Femei i Fete i din instituia vicepreedintelui
Statelor Unite, pe baza Legii pentru Combaterea Violenei mpotriva Femeilor din 1994, al crui proiect a fost
iniial redactat de Biden.[178]

Politica economic

La 17 februarie 2009, Obama a promulgat Legea Revenirii i

Reinvestiiilor Americane din 2009, un pachet de stimulare economic
n valoare de 787 miliarde de dolari al crui scop era s ajute economia
s-i revin dup profunda recesiune mondial.[179] Legea cuprinde
creterea cheltuielilor federale pentru asigurare sanitar, infrastructur,
educaie, diferite scutiri de taxe i stimulente fiscale, precum i asisten
direct pentru indivizi,[180] distribuite de-a lungul mai multor ani.
Red fiierul media
n martie, secretarul pentru trezorerie al lui Obama, Timothy Obama i prezint primuldiscurs
(en) (en)
Geithner , a luat i alte msuri pentru a gestiona criza financiar , sptmnal n calitate de preedinte al
inclusiv introducerea Programului Public-Privat de Investiii pentru Statelor Unite la 24 ianuarie 2009,
activele toxice, ce implica achiziionarea de proprieti imobiliare cu discutnd Legea Revenirii i
valoare depreciat n valoare total de pn la dou mii de miliarde de Reinvestiiilor Americane din 2009
dolari.[181] Obama a intervenit n industria automobilistic (en)[182]
n
martie 2009, rennoind creditele pentru General Motors i Chrysler n vederea continurii funcionrii lor
concomitent cu reorganizarea. n lunile urmtoare, Casa Alb a stabilit termeni pentru falimentul ambelor
firme, ntre care vnzarea lui Chrysler ctre productorul italian de automobile Fiat[183] i o reogranizare a GM
prin care guvernul american prelua temorar un pachet de 60% din aciunile companiei, iar cel canadian
12%.[184] n iunie 2009, nemulumit de ritmul stimulentelor economice, Obama a cerut cabinetului s
accelereze investiia.[185] El a promulgat Sistemul de Prime pentru Casarea Autovehiculelor (n englez Car
Allowance Rebate System), denumit popular Cash for Clunkers (Bani pentru Rable), care a accelerat
temporar economia.[186][187][188]

Cheltuielile i garaniile de stat pentru credite efectuate de Rezerva

Federal i de Departamentul Trezoreriei autorizate de administraiile
Bush i Obama au totalizat circa 11 .500 miliarde de dolari, dar numai
3.000 miliarde fuseser cheltuite la sfritul lui noiembrie 2009.[189]
Obama i Oficiul pentru Buget al Congresului au prevzut pentru 2010
un deficit bugetar de 1.500 mii de miliarde de dolari sau 10,6% din
Produsul Intern Brut (PIB) fa de deficitul pe 2009 de 1.400 mii de
miliarde de dolari sau 9,9% din PIB.[190][191] Pentru 2011,
administraia a prevzut o mic scdere a deficitului la 1.340 mii de
miliarde de dolari, n timp ce deficitul pe 10 ani urma s creasc la Deficitul bugetar i datoria public n
8.530 mii de miliarde sau 90% din PIB.[192] Cea mai recent cretere a perioada 2001-2013
plafonului de ndatorare federal a fost la 17,2 mii de miliarde i a avut
loc n februarie 2014.[193] La 2 august 2011, dup o ndelungat
dezbatere n Congre pe tema creterii limitei de ndatorare naional, Obama a promulgat Legea bipartizan din
2011 de Control asupra Bugetului. Legislaia aplica limite pentru cheltuielile discreionare pn n 2021,
stabilea o procedur de cretere a limitei de ndatorare, nfiina o Comisie a Camerelor Reunite ale Congresului
pentru Reducerea Deficitului n vederea propunerii de idei de reducere a deficitului, cu scopul de a face
economii de minim 1.500 mii de miliarde de dolari pe 10 ani, i stabilea o procedur automat de reducere a
cheltuielilor cu pn la 1.200 mii de miliarde de dolari dac legile propuse de noua comisie nu reuesc s
realizeze aceste economii.[194] Adoptnd aceast lege, Congresul a reuit s previn o ncetare de pli a
guvernului.[195]

Ca i de-a lungul anului 2008, rata omajului a crescut n

2009, ajungnd n octombrie la un maxim de 10% i o
medie de 10% n al patrulea trimestru. Dup o scdere la
9,7% n primul trimestru din 2010, rata omajului a sczut
la 9,6% n al patrulea trimestru, unde a rmas tot restul
anului.[198] ntre februarie i decembrie 2010, omajul a
crescut cu 0,8%, mai puin dect media de 1,9% din timpul
perioadelor similare din perioadele anterioare de revenire a
omajului.[199] Pn n noiembrie 2012, rata omajului a
sczut la 7,7%,[200] scznd apoi la 6,7% n decembrie
Statisticile pieei forei de munc (schimbri nrata 2013.[201] n 2014, rata omajului a continuat s scad,
omajului i locurile de munc disponiible lunar) n
pn la 6,3% n primul trimestru.[202] Creterea PIB a
timpul preediniei lui Obama[196][197]
revenit n al treilea trimestru din 2009, cu o rat de 1,6%,
urmat de o cretere la 5% n al patrulea trimestru.[203]
Creterea a crescut i n 2010, cu 3,7% n primul trimestru, i cu creteri mai mici n restul anului.[203] n iulie
2010, Rezerva Federal a consemnat continuarea creterii activitii economice, dar ntr-un ritm sczut, iar
preedintele Ben Bernanke a afirmat c perspectivele economice sunt neobinuit de incerte.[204] n ansamblul
ei, economia a crescut ntr-un ritm de 2,9% n 2010.[205]

Oficiul pentru Buget al Congresului (CBO), ca i numeroi economiti, pun creterea economic pe seama
pachetului de stimulente al lui Obama.[206][207] CBO a publicat un raport prin care afirma c legea
stimulentelor a crescut numrul angajailor cu 12.1 milioane,[207][208][209][210] recunoscnd c este imposibil
de determinat cte dintre locurile de munc raportate ar fi existat i n absena pachetului de stimulente.[206]
Dei un sondaj efectuat n aprilie 2010 de membrii National Association for Business Economics(en) a artat o
cretere n ritmul de apariie a locurilor de munc (fa de un sondaj similar efectuat n ianuarie) pentru prima
dat dup doi ani, 73% din cei 68 de respondeni creznd c pachetul de stimulente nu a avut niciun impact
asupra pieei forei de munc.[211]

Cu mai puin de o lun nainte de alegerile legislative pariale din 2010, Obama a anunat un compromis cu
majoritatea republican din Congres care includea o extensie temporar pe doi ani a reducerilor impozitului pe
venit efectuate n 2001 i n 2003, o reducere pe un an a impozitului pe salariu, continuarea ajutorului de omaj,
i o nou rat i o nou sum total scutit de taxele pe proprieti.[212] Compromisul a nlturat opoziia unor
politicieni din ambele partide i Legea pentru Reduceri de Taxe, Reautorizarea Ajutorului de omaj i nfiinare
de Locuri de Munc, n valoare de 868 miliarde de dolari, a fost adoptat cu majoriti bipartizane n ambele
camere nainte ca Obama s o promulge la 17 decembrie 2010.[213]

n decembrie 2013, Obama a declarat c creterea inegalitilor de venituri este o provocare definitorie a
vremurilor noastre i a cerut Congresului s sprijine plasele de siguran financiar i s creasc salariile.
Aceasta a venit n urma unor greve naionale ale muncitorilor n fast-food i n urma criticilor Papei Francisc pe
tema inegalitilor i pe tema ideilor economice trickle-down economics(en).[214]

Politica privind mediul nconjurtor

La 20 aprilie 2010, o explozie a distrus platforma petrolier de la Macondo Prospect(en) din Golful Mexic,
producnd o scurgere susinut de petrol. Operatorul sondei, BP, a iniiat un plan de izolare i curire, i a
nceput s sape dou puuri secundare pentru a opri scurgerea. Obama a vizitat Golful la 2 mai, zona fiind
 vizitat i de ali membri ai cabinetului, dup care a revenit la 28 mai i
la 4 iunie. n ziua de 22 mai, a anunat o anchet federal i a format o
comisie bipartizan care s recomande noi standarde de siguran, dup
o analiz a secretarului de interne Ken Salazar(en) i dup audieri
efectuate de Congres. La 27 mai, el a anunat un moratoriu de ase luni
asupra emiterii autorizaiilor i concesiunilor de foraj marin, n
ateptarea noilor reglementri.[215] Dup ce mai multe eforturi ale
companiei BP au dat gre, n media i n public s-au exprimat
Obama la un briefing din 2010 pe tema sentimente de derut, dar i critici privind diverse aspecte ale
accidentului ecologic Deepwater incidentului, i au aprut cereri ca Obama i guvernul federal s se
Horizon la postul Venice al Pazei de implice mai mult.[216]
Coast din Venice, Louisiana(en)
n iulie 2013, Obama i-a exprimat rezerve i a declarat c va respinge
proiectul conductei Keystone XL(en) dac ea va crete emisiile de dioxid
de carbon sau emisiile de gaze de ser.[217][218] Consilierii l-au sftuit pe Obama s opreasc explorrile
petroliere n Oceanul Arctic(en) n ianuarie 2013.[219]

Reforma sistemului sanitar

Obama a cerut Congresului s adopte legi de reformare a sistemului

sanitar american(en), o promisiune esenial din campania electoral i
un obiectiv legislativ de mare prioritate.[220] El a propus extinderea
acoperirii asigurrilor sanitare pentru a-i acoperi pe cei neasigurai, de a
plafona nivelul contribuiilor, i de a permite cetenilor s-i pstreze
acoperirea cnd renun la locul de munc sau i-l schimb. Propunerea
sa era de a investi 900 miliarde de dolari n 10 ani i de a include un
plan guvernamental de asigurare, denumit i opiunea asigurrii
publice, de a concura cu sectorul asigurrilor private ca principal Obama semneaz Legea pentru Protecia
component pentru reducerea costurilor i ameliorarea calitii ngrijirii Pacienilor i pentru ngrijire Medical
medicale. Prin aceast propunere, ar fi devenit ilegal ca asiguratorii s Ieftin la Casa Alb, 23 martie 2010
refuze persoanele bolnave sau s le refuze plata serviciilor medicale
pentru afeciuni preexistente, i urma s devin obligatoriu pentru
fiecare american s aib o asigurare sanitar. Planul includea i reduceri ale cheltuielilor medicale i
impozitarea companiilor de asigurare care ofer asigurri costisitoare.[221][222]

La 14 iulie 2009, liderii democrai din Camer au introdus o propunere legislativ de 1.017 pagini de reformare
a sistemului sanitar american, plan pe care Obama l dorea adoptat de Congres pn la sfritul lui 2009.[220]
Dup multe dezbateri publice din timpul vacanei parlamentare de var din 2009, Obama a inut o cuvntare n
faa camerelor reunite ale Congresului la 9 septembrie, n care a abordat problemele semnalate de public n ce
privete propunerile.[223] n martie 2009, Obama a ridicat interdicia de utilizare a fondurilor federale n
domeniul cercetrii cu celule stem.[224]

La 7 noiembrie 2009, Camera a adoptat o propunere legislativ privind sistemul sanitar n care se prevedea
opiunea public.[225][226] La 24 decembrie 2009, Senatul a adoptat i el o propunere n acelai domeniudar
fr opiunea publicvotul fiind de 6039, pe linie de partid.[227] La 21 martie 2010, Legea pentru Protecia
Pacientului i pentru ngrijire Medical Ieftin(en) (ACA) a adoptat de Senat n decembrie a fost adoptat i de
Camer cu 219 voturi pentru i 212 mpotriv.[228] Obama a promulgat legea la 23 martie 2010.[229]

ACA cuprinde stipulri legate de sntate care urmau s intre n vigoare de-a lungul a patru ani, inclusiv
extinderea eligibilitii pentru Medicaid(en) la persoane aflate i cu 33% dincolo de pragul federal al srciei
ncepnd cu 2014,[230] subvenionarea asigurrii medicale pentru persoane al cror venit este cel mult de patru
ori mai mare dect pragul federal al srciei (88.000 de dolari pentru o familie de patru persoane pe tot anul
2010) astfel nct plata maxim pe care trebuie s o efectueze ei anual pentru asigurare s se ncadreze ntre 2 i
[231][232]
 9,5% din venit;[231][232] stimulente pentru firme pentru a
oferi angajailor beneficii sub forma asigurrilor medicale,
interzicerea refuzului de a plti costurile ngrijirii pe baza
afeciunilor preexistente; stabilirea schimburilor de
asigurri medicale; interdicia plafonului anual de
despgubire; i susinere pentru cercetarea medical.
Conform cifrelor furnizate de Oficiul pentru Buget al Casei
Albe i Congresului, ponderea maxim n cadrul venitului
celor nscrii variaz n funcie de venitul lor relativ la
pragul federal al srciei.[231][233]

Costurile acestor modificri sunt acoperite prin impozite,

taxe i msuri de reducere a costurilor, cum ar fi noile
Costurile maxime cu asigurarea sanitar ca procentaj din impozite Medicare pentru persoane cu venituri mari,
veniturile familiale i pragul federal al srciei, conform taxarea saloanelor de bronzat, reducerea programului
Legii pentru Protecia Pacientului i pentru ngrijire Medicare Advantage(en) n favoarea tradiionalui Medicare,
Medical Ieftin, ncepnd cu 2014 (Sursa:
i taxarea companiilor farmaceutice i productoare de
Congressional Research Service)
dispozitive medicale;[234] exist de asemnea i o penalizare
inclus n taxe pentru cei care nu obin asigurrile de
sntate, cu excepia cazului n care sunt scutii din cauza veniturilor mici sau din alte motive.[235] n martie
2010, Oficiul pentru Buget al Congresului a estimat c efectul net al ambelor legi va fi o reducere a deficitului
federal cu 143 miliarde de dolari pe primul deceniu.[236]

Adoptarea acestei propuneri legislative a ntmpinat mai multe piedici legale, n principal pe baza argumentului
c un mandat individual prin care americanii sunt obligai s cumpere asigurare medical ar fi neconstituional.
La 28 iunie 2012, Curtea Suprem a decis cu 5 voturi pentru i 4 mpotriv n cazul National Federation of
Independent Business v. Sebelius(en) c Clauza Comercial(en) nu permite guvernului s impun cetenilor
achiziionarea de asigurare sanitar, dar c mandatul este constituional conform atribuiilor Congresului federal
n ce privete politica fiscal.[237] n cazul Burwell v. Hobby Lobby(en), Curtea a decis c, n conformitatea cu
Legea de Restaurare a Libertii Religioase, firmele cu aciuni netranzacionate public pot fi scutite pe motive
religioase de la reglementrile adoptate prin ACA care altfel le-ar fi impus s plteasc pentru anumite
medicamente contraceptive.

Politica energetic

nainte de luna iunie 2014, Obama a oferit susinere substanial pentru o reform pe scar foarte larg a
sistemului energetic naional, susinut de Obama nc din primul mandat i pe care a confirmat-o i n
Discursul privind Starea Uniunii din ianuarie 2014, propunerile sale primind reacii amestecate din partea
ambelor partide. n iunie 2014, Obama a dat indicaii administraiei sale s ia n calcul trecerea ctre o politic
energetic mai orientat ctre industria manufacturier i impactul ei asupra economiei naionale.[238]
Abordarea lui Obama de a combina selectiv reglementri i stimulente n diverse aspecte ale politicii
energetice, cum ar fi mineritul crbunelui i fracturarea hidraulic a primit i ea comentarii contradictorii, dintre
care unele o acuzau c nu rspunde suficient la necesitile sectorului industriilor productoare, iar altele
susineau c sectorul industrial intern utilizeaz pn la o treime din resursele energetice naionale.[239]

Controlul armelor de foc

La 16 ianuarie 2013, la o lun dup atacul armat de la coala Elementar Sandy Hook(en), preedintele Obama a
semnat 23 de ordonane executive i a avansat o serie de propuneri de reformare drastic a controlului armelor
de foc.[240] El a cerut Congresului s reintroduc o interdicie expirat asupra armelor de asalt de tip militar,
cum ar fi cele utilizate n atacurile armate recente soldate cu multe victime, s impun o limit de 10 gloane la
magaziile de muniie, s introduc verificarea istoricului fiecrei persoane care achiziioneaz arme de foc, s
adopte interdicii asupra posesiei i traficului de gloane ce pot penetra materialele antiglon, s introduc
pedepse mai dure pentru traficul ilicit de arme, n special pentru
traficanii fr licen care furnizeaz arme criminalilor, i s aprobe
numirea unui nou ef al Biroul federal pentru Alcool, Tutun, Arme de
Foc i Explozibili(en) pentru prima oar dup 2006.[241]

Alegerile legislative pariale din 2010

Despre alegerile legislative din 2 noiembrie 2010(en), n care Partidul

Democrat a pierdut 63 de locuri, i majoritatea, n Camera Preedintele Obama n vizit lavictimele
Reprezentanilor,[242] Obama a afirmat c sunt o umilin i o unui atac armat(en) la Spitalul
nfrngere total.[243] El a afirmat c rezultatele proaste au venit Universitii din Colorado(en) la 22 iulie
pentru c nc nu simiser destui americani efectele revenirii 2012
economiei.[244]

Politica extern

n februarie i martie 2009, vicepreedintele Joe Biden i secretarul de stat(en)

Hillary Rodham Clinton au efectuat cltorii separate n strintate pentru a
anuna o nou er n domeniul relaiilor externe ale SUA cu Rusia i cu
Europa, utiliznd termenii desprindere i resetare pentru a da semnalul
unor schimbri majore fa de politicile administraiei precedente.[245] Obama a
ncercat s ntind o mn liderilor arabi oferind primul su interviu n calitate
de preedinte unei televiziuni arbeti difuzate prin cablu, Al Arabiya(en).[246]

La 19 martie, Obama a continuat s acorde atenie lumii musulmane, publicnd

un mesaj video de Anul Nou adresat poporului i guvernului iranian.[247][248]
n aprilie, Obama a inut un discurs la Ankara, Turcia, bine primit de mai multe
guverne arabe.[249] La 4 iunie 2009, Obama a inut un discurs la Universitatea
din Cairo(en) n Egipt cernd Un nou nceput(en) n relaiile dintre lumea
islamic i Statele Unite, promovnd pacea n Orientul Mijlociu.[250]

La 26 iunie 2009, ca rspuns la aciunile guvernului iranian mpotriva Obama vorbind despreUn
protestatarilor ce contestau rezultatul alegerilor prezideniale iraniene din 2009, nou nceput(en) la Cairo
Obama a spus: violenele comise mpotriva lor sunt strigtoare la cer. Le University(en) la 4 iunie 2009
vedem i le condamnm. [251] La 7 iulie, la Moscova, el a rspuns unui
comentariu al vicepreedintelui Biden privind un posibil atac militar israelian
mpotriva Iranului afirmnd: le-am spus direct israelienilor c este important s ncerce s rezolve aceasta ntr-
un context internaional n aa fel nct s nu creeze un conflict major n Orientul Mijlociu.[252]

La 24 septembrie 2009, Obama a devenit primul preedinte american n funcie care a prezidat o edin a
Consiliului de Securitate al ONU.[253]

n martie 2010, Obama a luat atitudine n public mpotriva planurilor guvernului premierului israelian
Benjamin Netanyahu de a continua construcia de colonii evreieti n cartierele predominant arabe din
Ierusalimul de Est.[254][255] n aceeai lun, s-a ajuns la un acord cu administraia preedintelui rus Dmitri
Medvedev pentru a nlocui Tratatul de Reducere a Armamentului Strategic din 1991 cu un pact prin care se
reducea numrul de arme nucleare cu raz lung de aciune aflate n arsenalele ambelor ri cu circa o
treime.[256] Obama i Medvedev au semnat tratatul New START(en) n aprilie 2010, iar Senatul american l-a
ratificat n decembrie 2010.[257]

La 6 decembrie 2011, el a instruit ageniile s ia n calcul drepturile persoanelor LGBT la acordarea de ajutoare
financiare rilor strine.[258] Obama a criticat legislaia ruseasc ce discrimina homosexualii,[259][260] n
contextul Jocurilor Olimpice de Iarn de la Soci.
Irak

La 27 februarie 2009, Obama a anunat ncetarea operaiunilor de lupt din Irak n termen de 18 luni. Remarcile
sale au fost fcute n faa unui grup de pucai marini ce se pregteau pentru desfurarea n Afganistan. Obama
a spus: s v spun ct de clar se poate: pn la 31 august 2010, misiunea noastr de lupt n Irak va lua
sfrit.[261] Administraia Obama a planificat retragerea trupelor pn n august 2010, scznd numrul de
militari de la 142.000, i lsnd o for de tranziie de circa 50.000 de soldai n Irak pn la sfritul lui 2011.
La 19 august 2010, ultima brigad de combatani americani a ieit din Irak. Trupele rmase au trecut de la
operaiuni de lupt la antiterorism i la antrenarea, echiparea i consilierea forelor irakiene de
securitate.[262][263] La 31 august 2010, Obama a anunat c misiunea de lupt a Statelor Unite n Irak a luat
sfrit.[264] La 21 octombrie 2011, preedintele Obama a anunat c toi militarii amenricani vor prsi Irakul la
timp pentru a veni acas de srbtori.[265]

n vara lui 2014, n contextul naintrii gruprilor insurgente dup retragerea american din 2011, Obama a fost
aspru criticat att de opoziia republican ct i de fostul secretar de stat Hillary Clinton pentru retragerea total
din Irak.[266] Preedintele a trimis o for de 275 de soldai pentru a oferi susinere i securitate pentru
personalul american i pentru ambasada american din Baghdad.[267]

Rzboiul din Afganistan

La nceputul preediniei sale, Obama a acionat n sensul mririi

prezenei militare americane n Afganistan.[268] El a anunat o cretere a
numrului de soldai americani cu 17.000 n februarie 2009 cu scopul
de a stabiliza situaia afgan aflat n curs de deteriorare, el afirmnd
despre aceast zon c nu a primit atenia strategic, ndrumarea i
resursele de care are att de urgent nevoie.[269] El l-a nlocuit pe
comandantul militar din Afganistan, generalul David D. McKiernan(en), ntlnire cu primul ministru britanic(en)
cu fostul comandant al Forelor Speciale(en), general-locotenent Stanley David Cameron n timpul summitului G-
20 din 2010 de la Toronto
A. McChrystal n mai 2009, artnd c experiena lui McChrystal la
Forele Speciale va facilita utilizarea tacticilor de contrainsurgen n
rzboi.[270] La 1 decembrie 2009, Obama a anunat desfurarea a nc 30.000 de militari n Afganistan i a
propus nceperea retragerii trupelor dup 18 luni de la acea dat;[271] aceasta a avut loc n iulie 2011. David
Petraeus l-a nlocuit pe McChrystal n iunie 2010, dup ce stafful lui McChrystal a criticat personalul de la
Casa Alb ntr-un articol ntr-o revist.[272] n februarie 2013, Obama a afirmat c armata SUA va reduce
prezena n Afganistan de la 68.000 la 34.000 de soldai pn n februarie 2014.[273]

Israel

n iunie 2012, Obama a afirmat c legtura dintre Statele Unite i Israel

este de nezdruncinat[274] n primii ani ai administraiei Obama, SUA
i-au intensificat cooperarea militar cu Israelul, inclusiv prin creterea
ajutorului militar, renfiinarea Grupului Politic Militar Comun(en) SUA-
Israel i a Grupului de Consiliere pe Teme de Politic de Aprare, i
prin intensificarea vizitelor reciproce la nivel de nali oficiali
militari.[275] Administraia Obama a cerut Congresului alocarea de
fonduri ctre programul Iron Dome(en) ca rspuns fa de valurile de
atacuri cu rachete palestiene mpotriva Israelului.[276] Obama la o ntlnire cu preedintele
Israelului Shimon Peres, 2009
n 2011, Statele Unite s-au opus cu veto unei rezoluii a Consiliului de
Securitate care condamna coloniile israeliene, SUA fiind singura ar
care s-a opus rezoluiei.[277] Obama susine soluia cu dou state(en) la conflictul arabo-israelian pe baza
frontierelor din 1967 cu schimburi teritoriale.[278]
n 2013, un ziarist a relatat c, n viziunea lui Obama, cu fiecare anun de colonie, Netanyahu i duce ara cu
nc un pas pe drumul ctre izolarea cvasitotal.[279]

Rzboiul din Libia

n martie 2011, n timp ce forele loiale lui Muammar Gaddafi naintau mpotriva rebelilor din toat Libia, se
lansau apeluri pentru interzicerea zborurilor deasupra Libiei din toat lumea, inclusiv din Europa, din partea
Ligii Arabe, i printr-o rezoluie[280] adoptat n unanimitate de Senatul american.[281] Ca rspuns la adoptarea
n unanimitate a Rezoluiei numrul 1973 a Consiliului de Securitate al ONU(en) la 17 martie, Gaddaficare
jurase anterior s nu arate mil fa de rebelii din Benghazi[282]a anunat ncetarea imediat a activitilor
militare,[283] dar au aprut relatri c forele sale continu s bombardeze Misrata. A doua zi, din ordinul lui
Obama, armata american a luat parte la bombardamente ce aveau ca scop distrugerea capabilitilor de aprare
aerian a guvernului libian, cu scopul de a proteja civilii i de a aplica un no-fly-zone,[284] inclusiv prin
utilizarea de rachete Tomahawk(en), B-2 Spirit, i avioane de lupt.[285][286][287] ase zile mai trziu, la 25
martie, prin votul unanim al tuturor celor 28 de membri, NATO a preluat conducerea efortului, denumit
Operation Unified Protector(en).[288] Unii congressmani[289] s-au ntrebat dac Obama are sau nu autoritatea
constituional de a ordona aciuni militare i s-au ntrebat care sunt costurile, structura i urmrile.[290][291]
Conflictul s-a ncheiat n luna octombrie cu moartea lui Gaddafi.

Osama bin Laden

ncepnd cu informaii primite n iulie 2010, i dezvoltate de CIA n

urmtoarele cteva luni, s-a determinat c este foarte probabil ca Osama
bin Laden s se afle ntr-un complex mare din Abbottabad, Pakistan, o
zon suburban aflat la 50 km de Islamabad.[292] eful CIA Leon
Panetta a raportat aceste informaii preedintelui Obama n martie
2011.[292] Dup ce s-a ntlnit cu consilierii si pe teme de securitate
naional de-a lungul urmtoarelor ase sptmni, Obama a respins un
plan de bombardare a complexului, autoriznd n schimb un raid
Preedintele Barack Obama mpreun cu chirurgical efectuat de Navy SEALs(en).[292] Operaiunea a avut loc la
membrii echipei naionale de securitate, 1 mai 2011, i s-a soldat cu moartea lui bin Laden i cu confiscarea de
primesc informaii actualizate despre documente, hard-discuri i uniti de stocare de date din
(en)
Operaiunea Sulia lui Neptun , n complex.[293][294] Testele ADN au identificat cadavrul lui bin
Laden,[295] care a fost nmormntat pe mare dup cteva ore.[296] La
(en)
Camera de Situaii a Casei Albe la 1
mai 2011. cteva minute dup anunul dat de preedinte de la Washington, DC, n
seara de 1 mai, au avut loc adunri de srbtoare n toat ara, n faa
Casei Albe, i la Ground Zero i n Times Square din New York City.[293][297] Reaciile la anun au fost
(en)

pozitive n ambele partide majore, inclusiv din partea fotilor preedini Bill Clinton i George W. Bush,[298] i
n multe ri.[299]

Viziunea politic
Obama a fost de la nceput un adversar al politicilor administraiei Bush n Irak.[300] La 2 octombrie 2002, ziua
n care preedintele George W. Bush i Congresul au czut de acord asupra rezoluiei comune care a autorizat
invadarea Irakului,[301] Obama s-a adresat primului mare miting anti-rzboi din Chicago din Cldirea federal
Kluczynski,[302] lund poziie mpotriva rzboiului.[303][304] La 16 martie 2003, ziua n care preedintele Bush
a dat ultimatumul de 48 de ore lui Saddam Hussein n care i cerea s prseasc Irakul nainte de venirea
trupelor americane,[305] Obama a vorbit la cea mai mare adunare anti-rzboi din Chicago n Centrul Richard J.
Daley i a spus mulimii c nu este prea trziu pentru a opri rzboiul.[306]
Obama a declarat c dac va fi ales, va face reduceri bugetare de
ordinul zecilor de miliarde de dolari, va nceta investiiile n sisteme
defensive antirachet netestate, se va opune narmrii spaiului
cosmic, va ncetini dezvoltarea Future Combat Systems, i va ncerca
s elimine toate armele nucleare. Obama susine ncetarea dezvoltrii de
noi arme nucleare, reducnd arsenalul nuclear american, ncercnd o
interdicie global asupra produciei de material fisionabil, i ncercnd
s negocieze cu Rusia pentru a reduce nivelul de alert privind rachetele
balistice intercontinentale.[307]

n noiembrie 2006, Obama a cerut o retragere gradat a trupelor

americane din Irak i deschiderea dialogului diplomatic cu Siria i
Iran.[308] ntr-un discurs din martie 2007 n faa AIPAC, un grup de Obama n campanie n Pennsylvania, n
lobby proisraelian, a spus c principalul mod de a preveni dezvoltarea octombrie 2008.
armelor nucleare de ctre Iran l constituie discuiile i diplomaia,
neeliminnd ns nici posibilitatea aciunilor militare.[309] Obama a
indicat c nu s-ar angaja n diplomaie prezidenial direct cu Iranul fr precondiii.[310][311][312] Detaliindu-
i strategia de lupt mpotriva terorismului global, n august 2007, Obama a spus c a fost o mare greeal
lipsa de aciune mpotriva unei ntlniri din 2005 a liderilor al-Qaeda care serviciile de informaii ale SUA
confirmaser c va avea loc n Zonele Tribale Administrate Federal din Pakistan. El a spus c, n calitate de
preedinte, nu va pierde o ocazie similar, chiar i fr suportul guvernului pakistanez.[313]

ntr-un editorial din decembrie 2005, publicat n Washington Post, i la mitingul Salvai Darfurul din aprilie
2006, Obama a cerut aciuni mai ferme pentru oprirea genocidului din regiunea Darfur din Sudan.[314] El i-a
retras o investiie de 180.000 n aciuni ale companiilor legate de Sudan, i a cerut retragerea investiiilor din
companiile care desfurau afaceri n Iran.[315] n numrul din iulie-august 2007 al revistei Foreign Affairs,
Obama a fcut apel pentru o politic extern mai deschis dup rzboiul din Irak i pentru rennoirea conducerii
militare, diplomatice i morale a lumii de ctre SUA. Spunnd nu putem nici s ne retragem din lume, nici s
ncercm s o form s ni se supun, a cerut americanilor s conduc lumea, prin fapte i prin exemplu.[316]

n problemele economice, n aprilie 2005, a luat aprarea politicilor sociale New Deal ale lui Franklin D.
Roosevelt i s-a opus propunerilor republicane de nfiinare de conturi private pentru protecia social.[317]
Dup Uraganul Katrina, Obama a luat poziie mpotriva indiferenei guvernului n faa creterii diferenelor
economice ntre clasele sociale, cernd att partidelor politice s acioneze pentru restaurarea plasei de
sigurna social pentru sraci.[318] La scurt timp dup ce i-a anunat candidatura la preedinie, Obama a spus
c susine asistena medical universal n Statele Unite.[319] Obama propune plata profesorilor prin sisteme
tradiionale ce se bazeaz pe evaluarea performanelor, asigurnd sindicatele c schimbrile vor fi efectuate prin
procedee de negocieri colective.[320]

n septembrie 2007, a acuzat grupurile de interese pentru distorsionarea codului fiscal american.[322] Planul su
ar elimina taxele pentru pensionarii cu venituri mai mici de 50.000 de dolari pe an, ar elimina reducerile de taxe
pentru cei care ctig peste 250.000 de dolari pe an, precum i reducerile de taxe pe dividende i pe profit,[323]
ar elimina portiele de evitare a plii taxelor de ctre corporaii, ar ridica pragul pentru impunerea taxelor de
protecie social, ar restriciona accesul la paradisurile fiscale de peste hotare, i ar simplifica procedeele de
cereri de returnri de taxe prin precompletarea informaiilor salariale i bancare deja colectate de ctre IRS.[324]
La anunarea programului de guvernare n domeniul energetic, n octombrie 2007, Obama a propus un sistem
de licitaii pentru restricionarea emisiilor de carbon i un program de investiii pe zece ani n noi surse de
energie pentru reducerea dependenei SUA de importurile de petrol.[325] Obama a propus ca toate creditele de
poluare s fie scoase la licitaie, fr continuarea aplicrii regulilor vechi pentru companiile de petrol i gaze,
iar ca venitul obinut s fie cheltuit pe dezvoltarea energetic i pe costurile tranziiei economice.[326]
 Obama a ncurajat democraii s se apropie de evanghelici i de alte grupuri
religioase.[327] n decembrie 2006, s-a alturat senatorului Sam Brownback
(republican, din Kansas) la Summitul Global pe tema SIDA i Biserica
organizat de liderii religioi Kay i Rick Warren.[328] mpreun cu Warren i
Brownback, Obama i-a fcut un test HIV, aa cum a fcut i n Kenya cu mai
puin de patru luni nainte.[329] A ncurajat pe alte persoane publice s fac la
fel i s nu le fie ruine.[330] naintea conferinei, optsprezece grupuri antiavort
au publicat o scrisoare deschis n care au afirmat, cu referire la susinerea de
ctre Obama a avortului legal: n cei mai puternici termeni cu putin, ne
opunem deciziei lui Rick Warren' de a ignora atitudinea evident pro-moarte a
senatorului Obama i de a-l invita la Biserica din Saddleback.[331] Adresndu-
se a peste 8.000 de membrii ai Bisericii Unite a lui Hristos n iunie 2007,
Obama vorbind la un miting Obama a contestat aa-numiii lideri ai dreptei cretine pentru c sunt mult
din Conway, Carolina de prea dornici s exploateze ceea ce ne desparte.[332]
Sud.[321]
O metod pe care o folosesc analitii politici pentru a msura ideologia politic
este compararea ratingurilor anuale ale Americans for Democratic Action
(ADA) cu cele ale American Conservative Union (ACU).[333] Pe baza anilor n care a fcut parte din Congres,
Obama are o medie de conservatoarism de 7.67% din partea ACU,[334] i una de liberalism de 90% din partea
ADA.[335]

Familia i viaa personal

Obama a cunoscut-o pe soia sa, Michelle Robinson, n iunie 1989 cnd
era angajat ca asociat temporar la firma de avocatur din Chicago
Sidley Austin.[336] Consilier al lui Obama timp de trei luni la acea
firm, Robinson i s-a alturat la evenimente sociale de grup, dar i-a
refuzat primele cereri de a se ntlni.[337] A acceptat ns mai trziu n
acea var, s-au logodit n 1991, i s-au cstorit la 3 octombrie
1992.[338] Prima fiic a celor doi, Malia Ann, s-a nscut n 1998,[339]
iar a doua fiic, Natasha (Sasha), n 2001.[340]
Barack Obama alturi de soia sa,
n urma ctigurilor realizate din publicarea decarte,[341] n
2005, Michelle Obama, i de fiicele sale, Sasha
familia s-a mutat dintr-un apartament din Hyde Park, Chicago n casa i Malia, n 2009.
lor de 1,6 milioane de dolari din Kenwood.[342] Cumprarea unui lot
adiacent i vnzarea unei pri a acestuia ctre Obama de ctre soia
prietenului su Tony Rezko a atras atenia media din cauza acuzrii i ulterior condamnrii lui Rezko pentru
corupie, acuzaii fr legtur cu Obama.[343][344]

n decembrie 2007, revista Money a estimat averea familiei Obama la 1,3 milioane de dolari.[345] Formularele
fiscale din 2007 au artat un venit la nivel de familie de 4,2 milioane de dolaride la aproximativ 1 milion n
2006 i 1,6 milioane n 2005provenit mai ales din vnzrile de cri.[346]

ntr-un interviu din 2006, Obama a evideniat diversitatea familiei sale. Michelle v va spune c atunci cnd
ne ntlnim de Crciun sau de Thanksgiving, e ca o reuniune a Naiunilor Unite n miniatur, a spus el. Am
rude care seamn cu Bernie Mac, i am rude care seamn cu Margaret Thatcher.[348] Obama are apte frai
i surori pe jumtate din familia tatlui sau kenyan, dintre care ase sunt n via, i o sor pe jumtate, Maya
Soetoro-Ng, fiica mamei lui i a celui de-al doilea so indonezian al acesteia.[349] Mama lui Obama murit
naintea mamei ei, Madelyn Dunham, originar din Kansas,[350] care a murit la 3 noiembrie 2008, cu dou zile
naintea alegerilor prezideniale.[351] n Dreams from My Father, Obama face legtur ntre istoria familiei sale
i posibili strmoi americani btinai i rude ndeprtate ale lui Jefferson Davis, preedintele Confederaiei
sudului n timpul rzboiului civil american.[352]
 Obama practic baschetul, un sport n ale crui competiii a participat n
liceu.[353] nainte de a-i anuna candidatura la preedinie, a nceput un
puternic mediatizat efort de a renuna la fumat.[354]

Obama jucnd baschet cu
militarii americani din Djibouti
n 2006.[347]
Obama este cretin, iar vederile sale religioase au evoluat la maturitate. n The
Audacity of Hope, Obama scrie c el nu a fost crescut ntr-o familie
religioas. El o descrie pe mama lui, ai crei prini nu erau religioi (i pe
care Obama i-a descris ca metoditi i baptiti nepracticani) ca fiind detaat
de religie, i totui, n multe feluri, persoana cea mai activ spiritual pe care
am cunoscut-o vreodat. i descrie tatl ca fiind crescut ca musulman, dar
ateu convins la momentul cnd prinii si s-au cunoscut, iar tatl su vitreg
era un om care vedea religia ca pe ceva ce nu era deosebit de util. n carte,
Obama explic cum, lucrnd cu bisericile negrilor pentru organizarea
comunitilor cnd avea 20-30 de ani, a ajuns s neleag puterea tradiiei
religioase afro-americane de a declana schimbri sociale.[355][356] A fost
botezat de ctre The Trinity United Church of Christ n 1988.[357][358]

Imaginea politic i cultural

Cu tatl kenyan i mama american alb, copilria petrecut n Honolulu i Jakarta, i educaia la coli din Ivy
League, experienele din copilrie i tineree ale lui Obama difer semnificativ de cele ale altor politicieni afro-
americani care i-au nceput carierele n anii 1960 prin participarea la micarea pentru drepturi civile.[359]
Exprimndu-i mirarea la ntrebrile dac este suficient de negru, Obama a spus n august 2007, la o
ntlnirea a Asociaiei Naionale a Jurnalitilor Negri c discuia nu este nici despre aspectul su fizic, nici
despre opiniile exprimate n probleme de interes pentru alegtorii negri. Obama a spus c suntem nc blocai
n aceast idee c dac ai un mesaj pentru albi, atunci trebuie c e ceva n neregul.[360]

Evocnd discursul inaugural al lui John F. Kennedy, Obama i-a prezentat imaginea tinereasc ntr-un discurs
de campanie din octombrie 2007, afirmnd c: N-a fi aici dac, n mod repetat, tafeta nu s-ar preda mai
departe unei noi generaii.[361]

Obama a fost ludat ca bun orator de seama altor oratori renumii

din trecut, cum ar fi Martin Luther King, Jr.[362][363] Discursul
su, intitulat Yes We Can (n traducere, Da, putem), care a fost i
pus pe muzic ntr-un popular videoclip produs Will.i.am, a fost
urmrit de 10 milioane de oameni pe Youtube n prima lun,[364]
i a primit un Premiu Emmy.[365] Profesorul Jonathan Haidt de la
Universitatea Virginia a cercetat eficacitatea discursurilor publice
ale lui Obama i a concluzionat c o parte din excelena acestora
este datorat capacitilor politicianului de a inspira sentimente
nltoare, dorinei de a aciona moral i de a face bine De la stnga la dreapta: Fostul preedinteGeorge
H. W. Bush, preedintele ales Obama,
altora.[366]
preedintele n exerciiu, la final de mandat,
George W. Bush, i fotii preedini Bill Clinton
Numeroi comentatori au menionat imaginea internaional a lui
i Jimmy Carter n Biroul oval la 7 ianuarie
Obama ca factor definitoriu al imaginii sale publice n
2009.
ansamblu.[367] Nu doar c mai multe sondaje au artat un suport
puternic pentru el n alte ri,[368] dar Obama a stabilit relaii
strnse cu importani oameni politici i oficiali alei strini chiar dinaintea candidaturii sale la preedinie, mai
ales cu, pe atunci primul ministru al Regatului Unit, Tony Blair, cu care s-a ntlnit la Londra n 2005,[369] cu
liderul Partidului Democrat din Italia, Walter Veltroni, care l-a vizitat pe Obama la biroul su senatorial n
2005,[370] i cu preedintele Franei Nicolas Sarkozy, care l-a vizitat i la Washington n 2006.[371]
 Obama este laureat al Premiului Grammy pentru cel mai bun album vorbit
pentru versiunile audio prescurtate ale celor dou cri ale sale; pentru
Dreams from My Father (Visuri de la tatl meu) n februarie 2006 i pentru
The Audacity of Hope (ndrzneala de a spera) n februarie 2008.[372]

n decembrie 2008, revista Time l-a numit pe Barack Obama omul anului
pentru candidatura i victoria sa istorice n alegeri, pe care le-a descris ca
marul drept al realizrilor aparent imposibile (n englez the steady
march of seemingly impossible accomplishments).[373]

Premiul Nobel pentru Pace

La 9 octombrie 2009, Thorbjrn Jagland, liderul Comitetului Nobel l-a
anunat pe Preedintele Barack Obama ca laureat al Premiului Nobel
Barack Obama artnd diploma i pentru Pace, pentru eforturile extraordinare de ndreptare a diplomaiei
medalia Premiului Nobel pentru Pace mondiale i a cooperrii ntre popoare.[374] Obama, unul dintre cei 205
candidai, va primi o medalie, o diplom i un premiu n bani de 1,4
milioane de dolari. Comitetul Nobel a declarat c diplomaia sa este
fondat pe conceptul c cei care conduc lumea trebuie s o fac pe baza valorilor i atitudinilor mprtite de
majoritatea populaiei lumii, iar BBC a relatat: Comisia a pus accent pe eforturile domnului Obama de a
ndrepta organismele internaionale i de a promova dezarmarea nuclear.[375]

Obama a donat premiul n bani unor organizaii caritabile ca: Fisher House Foundation, Clinton Bush Haiti
Fund, College Summit, The Posse Foundation, The United Negro College Fund, The Hispanic Scholarship
Fund, The Appalachian Leadership, Education Foundation, The American Indian College Fund i altele.[376]

Note
Obama has never been a 3. ^ a b c d e birth certificate of
1. ^ Martyn Williams, IDG News Muslim, and is a Barack Obama
Service (15 ianuarie 2009). The committed Christian(htt 4. ^ "Barack Obama" (http://d-nb.i
presidential portrait goes digital p://www.scribd.com/doc/3 nfo/gnd/132522136),
(http://www.networkworld.com/n 6287446/Www-barackoba Gemeinsame Normdatei, accesat
ews/2009/011509-the-presidentia ma-com-Factcheck-2007- la 9 aprilie 2014
l-portrait-goes.html) (n 11-12-Obama-Has- 5. ^
englez). Network World. Never). Organizing for http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1682433
http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/011509-America-Scribd cached. accesat la 28 decembrie 2015
the-presidential-portrait- 12 noiembrie 2007. Missing or empty |title=
goes.html. http://www.scribd.com/doc/36287446/Www-
(ajutor)
2. ^ American President: Barack barackobama-com- 6. ^
Obama (http://millercenter.org/ac Factcheck-2007-11-12- http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
ademic/americanpresident/obam Obama-Has-Never. facts.html, accesat la 28
a) (n englez). Charlottesville, Accesat la 8 aprilie 2011. decembrie 2015 Missing or
Va.: Miller Center of Public Miller, Lisa (18 iulie empty |title= (ajutor)
Affairs, University of Virginia. 2008). Finding his faith 7. ^ Jodi Kantor[*] (26 octombrie
2009. (http://www.newsweek.co 2009), The Obamas Marriage(h
http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/obama
m/id/145971). ttp://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/0
Accesat la 23 ianuarie 2009. Newsweek.com. 1/magazine/01Obama-t.html?pag
Religion: Christian. http://www.newsweek.com/id/145971ewanted=all), The New York
The Truth about Baracks Accesat la 4 februarie Times, accesat la 25 noiembrie
Faith (http://www.fightthe 2010. He is now a 2014
smears.com/file_downloa Christian, having been 8. ^ Barack Obama's Marriage
d/2/baracksfaith.pdf). baptized in the early License : President Barack
Obama for America. 1990s at Trinity United Obama - Fact And Fiction(htt
http://www.fightthesmears.com/file_download/2/baracksfaith.pdf
Church of Christ in p://senatorobama.wordpress.co
Accesat la 8 aprilie 2011. Chicago.

^ a b c d e birth certificate of
 m/barack-obamas-family/barack-
obamas-marriage-license/)
9. ^ How to Pronounce Barack
Hussein Obama (http://inogolo.c
om/pronunciation/d455/Barack_
Obama). Inoglo.
http://inogolo.com/pronunciation/d455/Barack_Obama
Accesat la 14 ianuarie 2008.
Pentru mai multe detalii despre al
doilea prenume al lui Obama i
utilizarea acestuia dectre
adversarii politici sau de ctre
media, vezi: Wallis, David (27
decembrie 2007). Malice in the
Middle: Barack Hussein Obama
and the History of Bad Middle
Names in Politics (http://www.sla
te.com/id/2155434/pagenum/all/).
Slate.
http://www.slate.com/id/2155434/pagenum/all/
Accesat la 14 ianuarie 2008.
10. ^ Archibold, Randal C (29 iulie
2004). The Illinois Candidate;
Day After, Keynote Speaker
Finds Admirers Everywhere(htt
p://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpag
e.html?res=9A03E7DB103DF93
AA15754C0A9629C8B63).
New York Times.
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?7FF9D64797FC4). The
res=9A03E7DB103DF93AA15754C0A9629C8B63
Accesat la 14 ianuarie 2008.
11. ^ America Votes 2004: U.S.
Senate / Illinois (http://www.cnn.
com/ELECTION/2004/pages/res
ults/states/IL/S/01/index.html).
CNN.
http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2004/pages/results/states/IL/S/01/index.html
Accesat la 14 ianuarie 2008.
12. ^ Barack Obama on the Issues:
What Would Be Your Top Three
Overall Priorities If Elected?(htt
p://archive.is/miog). Washington
Post. Exist o versiune arhivat
(http://archive.is/miog)la 13 iulie
2012. http://archive.is/miog.
Accesat la 14 ianuarie 2008. Vezi
i: Falcone, Michael (21
decembrie 2007). Obama's 'One
Thing' (http://thecaucus.blogs.nyt
imes.com/2007/12/21/obamas-on
e-thing/). New York Times.
http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/12/21/obamas-
one-thing/. Accesat la 14 ianuarie
2008.
13. ^ Memmott, Carol (30 ianuarie
2007). Obama's Books Drive
Talk of '08 Presidential Run(htt
p://www.usatoday.com/life/book
s/news/2007-01-29-obama-prez-
books_x.htm). USA Today.
http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2007-
01-29-obama-prez-books_x.htm.
Accesat la 14 ianuarie 2008.
14. ^ Premiul Nobel pentru Pace
2009 (http://nobelprize.org/nobel
_prizes/peace/laureates/2009/pres
s.html). Comitetul Norvegian
Nobel. 9 octombrie 2009.
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2009/press.html
15. ^ President Barack Obama
[Preedintele Barack Obama](htt
p://www.whitehouse.gov/adminis
tration/president-obama).
Administraia Prezidenial a
Statelor Unite.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-
obama. Accesat la 30 septembrie
2013.
16. ^ Meet Barack (http://www.bara
ckobama.com/about/).
BarackObama.com.
http://www.barackobama.com/about/
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008.
Saving the World in His Spare
Time (http://www.economist.co
m/world/na/displaystory.cfm?stor
y_id=10498963&CFID=1048683
5&CFTOKEN=e3e42d3f4995ef6
0-DABCCCC1-B27C-BB00-012
Economist. 12 ianuarie 2008.
http://www.economist.com/world/na/displaystory
story_id=10498963&CFID=10486835&CFT
DABCCCC1-B27C-BB00-
0127FF9D64797FC4. Accesat la
2 februarie 2008. Vezi i: Obama
(1995), Chapter 1.
17. ^ Scharnberg, Kirsten; Kim
Barker (25 martie 2007). The
Not-So-Simple Story of Barack
Obama's Youth (http://www.chica
gotribune.com/news/politics/chi-
070325obama-youth-story,0,5069
625.story). Chicago Tribune.
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/chi-
070325obama-youth-
story,0,5069625.story. Accesat la
14 ianuarie 2008.
18. ^ Obama (1995), pp. 910. For
book excerpts, see Barack
Obama: Creation of Tales (http://
www.nationmedia.com/EastAfric
an/01112004/Features/PA2-2212.
html). East African. 1 noiembrie
2005.
http://www.nationmedia.com/EastAfrican/01
2212.html. Accesat la 4 ianuarie
2008.
19. ^ Obama (1995), pp. 125126.
Vezi i: Jones, Tim (27 martie
2007). Obama's Mom: Not Just
a Girl from Kansas (http://www.c
hicagotribune.com/news/politics/
chi-0703270151mar27,1,337207
9.story?coll=chi-news-hed).
Chicago Tribune.
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/po
0703270151mar27,1,3372079.story?
coll=chi-news-hed. Accesat la 4
ianuarie 2008.
20. ^ a b Merida, Kevin (14
decembrie 2007). The Ghost of
a Father (http://www.washington
post.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2
007/12/13/ST2007121301893.ht
ml). Washington Post.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/story/2007/12/13/ST20071
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008. Vezi
i: Ochieng, Philip (1 noiembrie
2004). From Home Squared to
the US Senate: How Barack
Obama Was Lost and Found (htt
p://www.nationmedia.com/EastA
frican/01112004/Features/PA2-1
1.html). East African.
http://www.nationmedia.com/EastAfrica
11.html. Accesat la 4 ianuarie
2008. Obama (1995), pp. 511
and 6271. In August 2006,
Obama flew his wife and two
daughters from Chicago to join
him in.cfm?
a visit to his father's
O KEN=e3e42d3f4995ef60-
birthplace, a village nearKisumu
in rural western Kenya.Gnecchi,
Nico (27 august 2006). Obama
Receives Hero's Welcome at His
Family's Ancestral Village in
Kenya (http://www.voanews.co
m/english/archive/2006-08/2006-
08-27-voa17.cfm). Voice of
America.
http://www.voanews.com/english/archiv
08/2006-08-27-voa17.cfm.
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008. Vezi
i: Cose, Ellis (11 septembrie
2006). Walking the World Stage
(http://www.newsweek.com/id/45
558). Newsweek.
http://www.newsweek.com/id/45558
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008.
Wrong, Michela (11 septembrie
2006). Africa: Kenya Glimpses
a New Kind of Hero(http://www.
newstatesman.com/20060911002
4). New Statesman.
112004/Features/PA2-
http://www.newstatesman.com/2006091 1
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008.
21. ^ Obama's stepfather and Ann
Dunham divorced in the late
1970s, and he died of a liver
ailment in 1987. Fornek, Scott (9
 septembrie 2007). Lolo Soetoro
(http://www.suntimes.com/news/
politics/obama/familytree/54545
5,BSX-News-wotreegg09.stng).
Chicago Sun-Times.
http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/obama/familytree/545455,BSX-
News-wotreegg09.stng. Accesat
la 4 ianuarie 2008. They had one
daughter together, Maya Soetoro,
Obama's half-sister. On his
father's side, Obama has two
half-sisters and five surviving
half-brothers. Sheridan, Michael;
Sarah Baxter (28 ianuarie 2007).
Secrets of Obama Family
Unlocked (http://www.timesonlin
e.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_a
mericas/article1267352.ece).
Sunday Times (UK).
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article1267352.ece
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008. Vezi
i: Obama (1995), Chapter 2 and
Chapters 1519 (Part 3: Kenya).
22. ^ Obama was first enrolled at a
Catholic school, then transferred
to a government-run school in
late 1970 when his family moved
to a new neighborhood.Barker,
Kim (25 martie 2007). Obama
Madrassa Myth Debunked(htt
p://www.chicagotribune.com/new
s/politics/chi-070325obama-isla
m-story,0,7180545.story).
Chicago Tribune.
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/chi-
070325obama-islam-
story,0,7180545.story. Accesat la
4 ianuarie 2008. Vezi i:
Scharnberg, Kirsten; Kim Barker
(25 martie 2007). The Not-So-
Simple Story of Barack Obama's
Youth (http://www.chicagotribun
e.com/news/politics/chi-070325o
bama-youth-story,0,5069625.stor
y). Chicago Tribune.
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/chi-
070325obama-youth-
story,0,5069625.story. Accesat la
4 ianuarie 2008. Anderton, Trish
(1 iunie 2007). Obama's Jakarta
Trail (http://www.thejakartapost.c
om/weekender/6reporter.asp).
Jakarta Post.
http://www.thejakartapost.com/weekender/6reporter
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008. For
Obama's published accounts of
his schooling in Indonesia, see:
Obama (1995), p. 154, and
Obama (2006), p. 274.
23. ^ Citing comments made by
Indonesia's ambassador to the
U.S., TIME magazine reported in
December 2007 that Obama "still
speaks passable Bahasa, the
language spoken in Indonesia
and Malaysia." Newton-Small,
Jay (18 decembrie 2007).
Obama's Foreign-Policy
Problem (http://www.time.com/ti
me/politics/article/0,8599,169580
3,00.html). Time.
http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1695803,00.html
Accesat la 3 ianuarie 2008.
24. ^ Obama writes: "For my
grandparents, my admission into
Punahou Academy heralded the
start of something grand, an
elevation in the family status that
they took great pains to let
everyone know." Obama (1995),
Chapters 3 and 4. Vezi i: Mann,
Fred (2 februarie 2008). Kansas
Roots Show in Obama, Say
Relatives (http://www.kansas.co
m/news/state/story/299520.html).
Wichita Eagle.
http://www.kansas.com/news/state/story/299520.html
Accesat la 11 februarie 2008.
25. ^ Reyes, B. J (8 februarie 2007).
Punahou Left Lasting
Impression on Obama(http://star
bulletin.com/2007/02/08/news/st
ory02.html). Honolulu Star-
Bulletin.
http://starbulletin.com/2007/02/08/news/story02.html
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008.
26. ^ Obama (1995), Preface to the
2004 Edition, p. xi. Vezi i:
Suryakusuma, Julia (29
noiembrie 2006). Obama for
President... of Indonesia(http://w
ww.thejakartapost.com/yesterday
detail.asp?
fileid=20061129.F03). Jakarta
Post.
http://www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?
fileid=20061129.F03. Accesat la
4 ianuarie 2008.
27. ^ Obama (1995), pp. 910.
28. ^ Obama (1995), Chapters 4 and
5. Vezi i: Serrano, Richard A (11
martie 2007). Obama's Peers
Didn't See His Angst(http://pqas
b.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/
1230439131.html?dids=1230439
.asp
131:1230439131&FMT=ABS&F
MTS=ABS:FT&type=current&d
ate=Mar+11%2C+2007&author=
Richard+A.+Serrano&pub=Los+
Angeles+Times&edition=&startp
age=A.20&desc=THE+NATIO
N) (paid archive). Los Angeles
Times.
http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/acce
dids=1230439131:1230439131&FMT=
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008.
29. ^ Obama Gets Blunt with N.H.
Students (http://www.boston.co
m/news/nation/articles/2007/11/2
1/obama_gets_blunt_with_nh_st
udents/). Associated Press
(Boston Globe). 21 noiembrie
2007.
http://www.boston.com/news/nation/arti
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008. In
Dreams from My Father, Obama
writes: "Pot had helped, and
booze; maybe a little blow when
you could afford it." Obama
(1995), pp. 9394. For analysis
of the political impact of the
quote and Obama's more recent
admission that he smoked
marijuana as a teenager ("When I
was a kid, I inhaled."), see:
Romano, Lois (3 ianuarie 2007).
Effect of Obama's Candor
Remains to Be Seen(http://www.
washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/con
tent/article/2007/01/02/AR20070
10201359.html). Washington
Post.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2007/01/02/AR2007
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008.
Seelye, Katharine Q (24
octombrie 2006). Obama Offers
More Variations From the Norm
(http://query.nytimes.com/gst/full
page.html?res=9D07E2DB173FF
937A15753C1A9609C8B63&sec
=&spon=&partner=permalink&e
xprod=permalink). New York
Times.
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.ht
res=9D07E2DB173FF937A15753C1A9
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008.
30. ^ Oxy Remembers "Barry"
Obama '83 (http://www.oxy.edu/x
2526.xml). Occidental College.
29 ianuarie 2007.
http://www.oxy.edu/x2526.xml.
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008. Vezi
i: Gordon, Larry (29 ianuarie
2007). Occidental Recalls
'Barry' Obama (http://pqasb.pqar
chiver.com/latimes/access/12043
78961.html?dids=1204378961:12
04378961&FMT=ABS&FMTS=
ABS:FT&type=current&date=Ja
n+29%2C+2007&author=Larry+
Gordon&pub=Los+Angeles+Tim
es&edition=&startpage=B.1)
 (paid archive). Los Angeles p://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpag maps.pdf). Illinois Blue Book
Times. e.html?res=9C0CE2DC1631F93 20012002. Springfield: Illinois
http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/1204378961.html?
5A35751C0A966958260&n=To Secretary of State. pp. p. 65.
dids=1204378961:1204378961&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+29%2C+2007&author=Larry+Gor
p%2FReference%2FTimes%20T http://www.sos.state.il.us/publications/0
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008. opics%2FPeople%2FO%2FOba Colegiul de senatori 13 =
31. ^ Boss-Bicak, Shira (1 ianuarie ma%2C%20Barack). New York Colegiile de reprezentani 25 i
2005). Barack Obama 83: Is He Times. 26.
the New Face of The Democratic http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?
40. ^ Slevin, Peter (9 februarie
Party? (http://www.college.colum res=9C0CE2DC1631F935A35751C0A966958260&n=T 2007). Obama op%2FReference%2FT
Forged Political imes
bia.edu/cct/jan05/cover.php). Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008. Vezi Mettle in Illinois Capitol(http://
Columbia College Today. i: Kantor, Jodi (28 ianuarie www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dy
http://www.college.columbia.edu/cct/jan05/cover
2007)..php
In Law School, Obama n/content/article/2007/02/08/AR2
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008. Found Political Voice (http://ww 007020802262.html).
32. ^ Scott, Janny (30 octombrie w.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/us/po Washington Post.
2007). Obama's Account of litics/28obama.html). New York http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
New York Years Often Differs Times. dyn/content/article/2007/02/08/AR2007
from What Others Say(http://ww http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/us/politics/28obama.html
Accesat la 20 aprilie 2008.
w.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/us/po Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008. Helman, Scott (23 septembrie
litics/30obama.html). New York 36. ^ a b Curriculum Vitae (http://w 2007). In Illinois, Obama dealt
Times. ww.law.uchicago.edu/faculty/oba with Lobbyists (http://www.bosto
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/us/politics/30obama.html
ma/cv.html). University of n.com/news/nation/articles/2007/
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008. Vezi Chicago Law School. 09/23/in_illinois_obama_dealt_w
i: Obama (1995), pp. 135139. ith_lobbyists/).
http://www.law.uchicago.edu/faculty/obama/cv .html Boston Globe.
33. ^ Secter, Bob; John McCormick Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/arti
(30 martie 2007). Portrait of a 37. ^ Law Graduate Obama Got His Accesat la 20 aprilie 2008. Vezi
Pragmatist (http://www.chicagotr Start in Civil Rights Practice(htt i: Obama Record May Be Gold
ibune.com/news/nationworld/chi- p://www.iht.com/articles/ap/200 Mine for Critics (http://www.cbs
0703300121mar30,1,282774.stor 7/02/20/america/NA-POL-US-O news.com/stories/2007/01/17/pol
y?coll=chi-newsnationworld-he bama-Attorney-at-Law.php). itics/main2369157.shtml).
d). Chicago Tribune. Associated Press (International Associated Press (CBS News).
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-
Herald Tribune). 19 februarie 17 ianuarie 2007.
0703300121mar30,1,282774.story? 2007. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/0
coll=chi-newsnationworld-hed. Accesat la 20 aprilie 2008. In-
http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/02/20/america/NA-
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008. Vezi POL-US-Obama-Attorney-at- Depth Look at Obama's Political
i: Lizza, Ryan (19 martie 2007). Law.php. Accesat la 4 ianuarie Career (http://video.chicagotribu
The Agitator: Barack Obama's 2008. ne.com/global/video/popup/pop_
Unlikely Political Education(htt 38. ^ Pallasch, Abdon M (12 player.asp?clipid1=1226539)
p://www.pickensdemocrats.org/in februarie 2007). Professor (video). CLTV (Chicago
fo/TheAgitator_070319.htm) Obama was a Listener, Students Tribune). 9 februarie 2007.
(alternate link). New Republic. Say (http://www.suntimes.com/n http://video.chicagotribune.com/global/
http://www.pickensdemocrats.org/info/TheAgitator_070319.htm
ews/elections/253391,CST-NWS- clipid1=1226539. Accesat la 20
Accesat la 4 ianuarie 2008. prof12.article). Chicago Sun- aprilie 2008.
34. ^ Levenson, Michael; Jonathan Times. 41. ^ a b Scott, Janny (30 iulie 2007).
Saltzman (28 ianuarie 2007). At http://www.suntimes.com/news/elections/253391,CST
In Illinois,- Obama Proved
Harvard Law, a Unifying Voice NWS-prof12.article. Accesat la 4 Pragmatic and Shrewd(http://ww
(http://www.boston.com/news/loc ianuarie 2008. w.nytimes.com/2007/07/30/us/po
al/articles/2007/01/28/at_harvard 39. ^ Jackson, David; Ray Long (3 litics/30obama.html). The New
_law_a_unifying_voice/?page=fu aprilie 2007). Obama Knows York Times.
ll). Boston Globe. His Way Around a Ballot (http:// http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/30/us/
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www.chicagotribune.com/news/l Accesat la 20 aprilie 2008. Vezi
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Accesat la 15 iunie 2009.
149. ^ Obama overturns Bush policy
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150. ^ Senate confirms Sotomayor
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303. ^ Obama, Barack (2 octombrie
2002). Remarks of Illinois State
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ww.barackobama.com/2002/10/0
2/remarks_of_illinois_state_sen.p
hp). BarackObama.com.
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Accesat la 3 februarie 2008.
304. ^ McCormick, John (3 octombrie
2007). Obama marks '02 war
speech; Contender highlights his
early opposition in effort to
distinguish him from his rivals(h
ttp://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chica
gotribune/access/1351610621.ht
ml?dids=1351610621:135161062
1&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT)
(paid archive). Chicago Tribune:
p. 7.
http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/1351610621.html?
dids=1351610621:1351610621&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT
Accesat la 28 octombrie 2008.
Strategul principal al campaniei
senatorului Barack Obama are
doar 14 secunde de filmare a ceea
ce reprezint unul din momentele
eseniale ale carierei politice a
candidatului la preedinie.
Filmul, obinut de la un post TV
din Chicago, arat discursul din
2002 al lui Obama mpotriva
iminentei invazii a Irakului. 306. ^ Ritter, Jim (17 martie 2003).
Pallasch, Abdon M. (3 octombrie
2007). Obama touts anti-war
cred; Kicks off tour 5 years after
speech critical of going to Iraq(h
ttp://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/
we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&
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nti-war%20cred)%20AND%20d
ate(all)&p_field_advanced-0=titl
e&p_text_advanced-0=(Obama%
20touts%20anti-war%20cred)&x
cal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10
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eweights=no) (paid archive).
Chicago Sun-Times: p. 26.
http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-
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p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstri
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0=title&p_text_advanced-0=
(Obama%20touts%20anti-
war%20cred)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_u
Accesat la 28 octombrie 2008.
(16 martie 2003). President
Bush: Monday "Moment of
Truth" for World on Iraq (http://g
eorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.
gov/news/releases/2003/03/2003
0316-3.html). The White House. 308. ^ Pentru text i fiiere audio,
http://georgewbush-
whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/03/20030316-
3.html. Accesat la 17 februarie
2008. Associated Press (17
martie 2003). 'Moment of truth
for the world'; Bush, three allies
set today as final day for Iraq to
disarm or face massive military
attack (http://nl.newsbank.com/nl
-search/we/Archives?p_product=
CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action
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pstring=headline(Moment%20o
f%20truth%20for%20the%20wor
ld)%20AND%20date(all)&p_fiel
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nced-0=(Moment%20of%20trut
h%20for%20the%20world)&xcal
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Chicago Sun-Times: p. 1.
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search/we/Archives?
p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_ac
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(Moment%20of%20truth%20for%20the
Accesat la 3 februarie 2008.
Anti-war rally here draws
thousands (http://nl.newsbank.co
m/nl-search/we/Archives?p_prod
uct=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_ac
tion=search&p_maxdocs=200&s
_dispstring=headline(Anti-war%
20rally%20here%20draws%20th
ousands)%20AND%20date(all)&
p_field_advanced-0=title&p_text
_advanced-0=(Anti-war%20rall
y%20here%20draws%20thousan
ds)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpa
ge=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&x
cal_useweights=no) (paid
archive). Chicago Sun-Times:
p. 3. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-
search/we/Archives?
p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_ac
war%20rally%20here%20draws%20tho
0=title&p_text_advanced-0=
(Anti-
war%20rally%20here%20draws%20tho
Accesat la 3 februarie 2008.
307. ^ Barack Obama. (22 octombrie
2007) (flv). Obama-
Caucus4Priorities (http://www.y
outube.com/watch?v=7o84PE871
BE). Obama '08.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=7o84PE871BE. Accesat la 18
mai 2008.
vezi: Obama, Barack (20
noiembrie 2006). A Way
Forward in Iraq (http://www.thec
hicagocouncil.org/hottopics_deta
ils.php?hottopics_id=52).
Chicago Council on Global
Affairs.
http://www.thechicagocouncil.org/hottop
hottopics_id=52. Accesat la 14
ianuarie 2008.
309. ^ Obama, Barack (2 martie
2007). AIPAC Policy Forum
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v/speech/070302-aipac_policy_f
o/index.php). Barack Obama
U.S. Senate Office.
http://obama.senate.gov/speech/070302
aipac_policy_fo/index.php.
 Accesat la 30 ianuarie 2008.
Pentru remarci din campania lui
Obama de la alegerile legislative
din 2004 privind posibilitatea
lansrii de atacuri cu rachete
mpotriva Iranului, vezi:
Mendell, David (25 septembrie
2004). Obama Would Consider
Missile Strikes on Iran(http://pqa
sb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribun
e/access/699578571.html?dids=6
99578571:699578571&FMT=A
BS&FMTS=ABS:FT) (paid
archive). Chicago Tribune.
http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/699578571.html?
dids=699578571:699578571&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT
Accesat la 14 ianuarie 2008.
310. ^ Barack Obama and Joe
Biden's Plan to Secure America
and Restore Our Standing(http://
www.barackobama.com/issues/fo
reignpolicy/). Obama for
America.
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Accesat la 22 septembrie 2008.
311. ^ Gordon, Michael R. and
Zeleny, Jeff (2 noiembrie 2007).
Obama Pledges 'Aggressive'
Iran Diplomacy (http://www.nyti
mes.com/2007/11/02/us/politics/0
1cnd-obama.html?_r=2&ei=5088
&en=6e53bced62b78a88&ex=13
51656000&oref=slogin&partner
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all&oref=slogin). The New York
Times.
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obama.html?
_r=2&ei=5088&en=6e53bced62b78a88&ex=1351656000&oref=slogin&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=all&oref=s
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312. ^ Stenograma celei de-a patra
dezbateri democrate(http://www.
nytimes.com/2007/07/24/us/politi
cs/24transcript.html?_r=2&page
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Times. 24 iulie 2007.
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/24/us/politics/24transcript.html?
_r=2&pagewanted=all. Accesat
la 17 iunie 2008.
313. ^ Obama Warns Pakistan on Al-
Qaeda (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/h
i/americas/6926663.stm). BBC
News. 1 august 2007.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6926663.stm
Accesat la 14 ianuarie 2008.
Pentru filmul i textul
discursului, vezi: Policy
Address on Terrorism by The
Honorable Barack Obama,
United States Senator from
Illinois (http://www.wilsoncenter.
org/index.cfm?fuseaction=events. fairs.org/20070701faessay86401/
event&event_id=269510). barack-obama/renewing-america
Woodrow Wilson International n-leadership.html). Foreign
Center for Scholars. 1 august Affairs 86 (4).
2007. http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20070701f
http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm? obama/renewing-american-
fuseaction=events.event&event_id=269510 leadership.html. Accesat la 14
Accesat la 30 ianuarie 2008. ianuarie 2008.
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vezi Mazzetti, Mark (8 iulie History Makes F.D.R. His Icon (h
2007). Rumsfeld Called Off ttp://www.washingtonspectator.c
2005 Plan to Capture Top Qaeda om/articles/20050601obama_1.cf
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318. ^ Zeleny, Jeff (12 septembrie
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314. ^ Obama, Barack; Sam Up Volume (http://www.chicagot
Brownback (27 decembrie 2005). ribune.com/news/local/chi-05091
Policy Adrift on Darfur(http:// 20140sep12,1,5984193.story?coll
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dy =chi-news-hed). Chicago
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Doyle, Jim (1 mai 2006). Tens 2007). Obama Calls for
of Thousands Rally for Darfur(ht Universal Health Care within Six
tp://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/artic Years (http://www.signonsandieg
le.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/05/01/MNGF o.com/news/politics/20070125-1
BIIFOA1.DTL). San Francisco 240-democrats-healthcare.html).
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cgi?f=/n/a/2007/05/17/politics/p1 tory?id=3894699). ABC News.
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where_it_hurts.html). New York 2007.
Daily News. http://www.brightcove.tv/title.jsp?
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08- Accesat la 17 februarie 2008.
30_hit_iran_where_it_hurts.html. 322. ^ A Speech On the Economy,
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2007). Renewing American ww.taxpolicycenter.org/events/ob
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U.S. Senator 'Home'(http://editio need to answer. For more than 30
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323. ^ Study:Bush tax cuts favor 08/26/kenya.obama/index.html). gauging ideology has been to use
wealthy (http://www.cbsnews.co CNN. 27 august 2006. the annual ratings of lawmakers'
m/stories/2004/08/16/politics/mai http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/africa/08/26/kenya.obama/index.html
votes by various interest groups,
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2006). Race Against Time the American Conservative
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in Cuts, Five-Minute Filings(htt -race_against_time_-_world_aids p://www.acuratings.org/2005sena
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325. ^ Zeleny, Jeff (9 octombrie Accesat la 14 ianuarie 2008. ww.acuratings.org/2006senate.ht
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Capping Greenhouse Gas AIDS Partnership Must End, Say Union.
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326. ^ Barack Obama. The Blueprint Accesat la 14 ianuarie 2008. Vezi http://www.acuratings.org/2007senate.ht
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U.S. Senator Barack Obama 332. ^ Barack Obama: Faith Has ADA's 2006 Congressional
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Religiophobia (http://www.tikku ews.com/stories/2007/06/24/polit on.org/media/votingrecords/200
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Bibliografie
Mendell, David (2007). Obama: From Promise to Power. Amistad/HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-085820-6.
http://www.harpercollins.com/book/index.aspx?isbn=9780060858209
Obama, Barack (2004). Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. Times Books. ISBN
1-4000-8277-3
Obama, Barack (2006). The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream. Crown
Publishing Group. ISBN 0-307-23769-9

Legturi externe
en Site oficial
en Discursul lui Obama dup ctigarea alegerilor din 2008, la 5 noiembrie 2008 (video, necesit plugin
Flash)
en Barack Obama Timeline
en Materiale gratuit de la Casa Alba sub Licenta o Creative Commons

Vezi i
Teoria conspiraiei privind ambiguitatea ceteniei lui Obama

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