Structure of Research Report NO abstract is required.

Do not use subheadings but make sure you

cover all the requirements listed below.

Title give your report a title based on the paper you are reviewing

Introduction: Introduce the topic and research question/s. What is the general topic the authors
were looking at? Why is it an interesting and/or important topic? (around 50 words).

This study analysed the moderating role of social isolation on the association between loneliness and
daily social interactions. This is an interesting and important topic because loneliness is linked to
various negative health outcomes, and the understanding of the nuances of the experiential
qualities of loneliness, this can inform coping interventions that may help the public.

Body: Assume the reader knows nothing about the research and you must briefly explain it to them.
What was the overall aim of the study? What did the author/s do, and why? What did the authors
find? Were the findings in line with their hypotheses? Were there any unexpected findings? Could
there have been other explanations for the findings? (around 300 words). Important: Dont use
more than a few sentences to describe the Method(s). Its the findings that really matter here.

The aim of the study was to see if the daily social interactions of lonely individuals differed
depending on their level of social isolation. Of particular interest, is why individuals who are not
socially isolated may still feel lonely. After completing an initial loneliness and social network size
survey, 118 participants between the ages nineteen to sixty-four filled out a 7-day interaction diary
containing a Rochester Interaction Record (RIR) for interactions longer than 10 minutes, and used
tally counters for any interaction below ten minutes. The participants also nominated three close
people so that data on informant reported loneliness could be gathered. It was found that loneliness
was positively correlated with a smaller number of strong tie interactions, lower levels of positive
emotional experience and reciprocal self-disclosure when interacting with others, greater levels of
self-absorption, and informant-related loneliness scores. It was also found that loneliness and social
isolation are weakly negatively correlated, suggesting that one can be lonely while having a large
social network. Further, in participants with large social networks, greater loneliness was associated
with a smaller number of strong tie interactions. In contrast, a positive association between
loneliness and self-absorption was found only in participants with small social networks. Together,
this suggests that people at different levels of social isolation experience loneliness differently.
Interestingly, compared with participants with small social networks, there was a weaker association
between self-reported loneliness scores and informant-reported loneliness scores for those with
large social networks. This suggests that the outsiders of participants with large social networks may
not perceive the individual to be lonely, because of the many connections they have. It needs to be
noted that because of the correlational nature of the study, causal explanations cannot be made.
Further, because a requirement of the study was for participants to nominate 3 close ties, this
studys sample may have excluded very socially isolated individuals, and therefore may not be
representative of the population.

It was found that

- Loneliness and social isolation are weakly negatively correlated
- Greater loneliness was correlated with a
o smaller number of strong tie interactions
o lower levels of positive emotional experience and reciprocal self-disclosure during
interactions
o greater levels of self-absorption
o informant-related loneliness scores
 - Loneliness was unrelated to the number of weak tie interactions
- Smaller social network size was correlated with a smaller number of both strong and weak
tie interactions
- Social network size not significantly related to qualitative characteristics of social
interactions and informant ratings of loneliness
- Loneliness was significantly associated with the smaller number of strong tie interactions for
participants having a large social network, but not for those having a small social network
- The positive association between loneliness and self-absorption was significant only for
those having a small social network, and not for those having a large social network
- Self-reported loneliness scores were less associated with informant reported loneliness
scores for participants having a large social network compared with participants having a
small social network

Implications: Has this paper made an interesting and/or important contribution to our
understanding of the issue you chose to look at? Why or why not? What remains unknown? Do you
have any ideas for future research? (around 250 words).

This paper revealed the experiential differences of loneliness between people with large or small
social networks. Although people with large social networks generally have more strong and weak
tie daily interactions, they can still feel lonely when there is a small number of strong tie
interactions. It seems that a larger number of weak tie interactions is not enough to alleviate
feelings of loneliness. In particular, it seems that the quality of interactions matter, with lower
positive emotional experiences and reciprocal self-disclosure during interactions being key factors
contributing to loneliness. It may be that strong tie interactions provide more opportunities for
positive feelings and reciprocal self-disclosure. This may be an interesting question for further study.
If this is the case, then people who feel lonely with large social networks may simply need to focus
their investment into their strong tie relationships to help alleviate feelings of loneliness. In contrast,
those with small social networks who felt lonely were also more likely to be self-focused in their
interactions. This points to a social ability deficit in these individuals, and interventions targeting
perspective taking skills and reciprocal self-disclosure may increase the individuals social abilities
and in turn, decrease loneliness. Further studies should also aim to replicate these results in western
nations, as these results may not generalise further than the Korean population. Also, future studies
should also aim to include very socially isolated individuals to achieve a more representative sample,
as these results may not generalise to individuals who are very socially isolated.

Conclusion: Sum up the main issues covered in the paper and provide a conclusion about what you
have learned from it (around 100 words).

Reference - Make sure you reference the ONE paper you are reviewing at the end of your report
(use the same style of referencing that you find at the back of the article you choose). Do NOT
include other references.

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships or

Personal Relationships