GB 50049-2011 PDF

UDC
NATIONAL STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA

P GB 500492011
Code for Design of Small Fossil Fired Power

Plant
Issued on: December 4, 2010 Implemented on: December 1, 2011
Jointly Issued by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the Peoples

Republic of China
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the Peoples Republic of China
NATIONAL STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Code for Design of Small Fossil Fired Power Plant

GB 500492011
Chief Development Department: China Electricity Council
Approval Department: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the Peoples Republic
of China
Implementation Date: December 1, 2011
Beijing 2011
NOTICE
This code is written in Chinese and English. The Chinese text shall be taken as the ruling one in
the event of any inconsistency between the Chinese text and the English text.
Announcement of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural
Development of the Peoples Republic of China
No. 881
Announcement on Publishing the National Standard of Code for Design of
Small Fossil Fired Power Plant
Code for Design of Small Fossil Fired Power Plant has been approved as a national standard
with a serial number of GB 500492011 and shall be implemented from December 1, 2011. Therein,
Articles 7.2.4, 7.4.7 and 21.1.5 are compulsory provisions and must be enforced strictly. The former
Code for Design of Small-size Power Plant GB 5004994 shall be abolished simultaneously.
Authorized by the Standard Rating Research Institute of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-
Rural Development of the Peoples Republic of China, this code is published and distributed by China
Planning Press.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the Peoples Republic of China
December 24, 2010

Foreword
According to the requirements of Document Jian Biao [2006] No. 136 issued by the former
Ministry of ConstructionNotice on Printing the Development and Revision Plan of National
Engineering Construction Standards and Codes in 2006 (the Second Batch), this code is finalized by
Henan Electric Power Survey & Design Institute in conjunction with the organizations concerned
through revising the former Code for Design of Small-size Power Plant GB 5004994.
This code comprises 24 Chapters and one Appendix. The main contents cover: General Provisions,
Terms, Basic Requirements, Heating (Cooling) Electrical Loads, Site Selection, Overall Planning,
Layout of Main Plant Building, Coal Handling System, Boiler Equipment and System, Ash and Slag
Handling System, Desulfurization System, Denitration System, Steam Turbine Equipment and System,
Water Treatment Equipment and System, Information System, Instrumentation and Control, Electrical
Equipment and System, Hydraulic Facilities and Systems, Auxiliary and Ancillary Facilities, Buildings
and Structures, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, Environmental Protection and Water and
Soil Conservation, Labour Safety and Occupational Health, and Fire Fighting.
The revised main technical contents of this code are:
1. The application scope was enlarged to the design of such fossil fired power plants with
parameters at or below high pressure and high temperature, power per unit less than 125MW, adopting
the direct combustion mode and mainly combusting solid fossil fuel;
2. Technical contents, i.e. desulfurization system and denitration system, were added;
3. Technical contents, i.e. information system, water and soil conservation, and fire fighting, were
added.
Provisions printed in bold type in this code are compulsory and must be enforced strictly.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the Peoples Republic of China is in
charge of the administration of this code and the explanation of the compulsory provisions, China
Electricity Council is responsible for its routine management, and Henan Electric Power Survey &
Design Institute is responsible for the explanation of specific technical contents. During the process of
implementing this code, the relevant opinions and advice, whenever necessary, can be posted or
passed on to Henan Electric Power Survey & Design Institute (Address: No. 212, West Zhongyuan
Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450007, China).
Chief Development Organization, Participating Development Organizations, Chief Drafting Staff

and Chief Examiners of this code:
Chief Development Organization: Henan Electric Power Survey & Design Institute
Participating Development Organizations:
Hunan Electric Power Survey & Design Institute
Zhejiang Electric Power Design Institute
Shandong Electric Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd.
Chief Drafting Staffs: Lou Jinqi, Pang Ke, Wang Chengli, Qianhaiping, Wang Kui, Wei Yingxu,
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Wang Yuxin, Zhang Zhantao, Song Junshan, Zhang Junmin, Guo Hongbing,
Guo Xiping, Chen Benbo, Liu Zili, Liu Yijun, Li Kewei, Zhang Weiling,
Cui Yunsu, Xu Wei, Lou Yujia, Chen Xiao, Zhou Jian, Zhou Zhiyong,
Yu Fang, Wang Ruilai, Zhang Jidong, Tang Ailiang, He Yuping
Chief Examiners: Guo Xiaoke, Huang Baode, Wang Xiaojing, Guo Yali, Liu Dongya, Su Yunyong,
Wang Huanjing, Li Jiangbo, Tianrongrong, Huang Wen, Chen Bin, Cheng Jian,
Hu Wei, Wang Zhenbiao, Cai Faming, He Weisha, Li Zhong, Fu Jianbo,
Jin Weile, Chen Xi, Ge Simin, Cao Heping, Chen Lilin, Zhou Xianlin, Lin Shu,
Gan Jiafu, Tang Lili, Huang Rong, Xu Tongshe, Chen Zheng, Wang Jieru,
Liu Mingqiu, Xu Zhengyuan, Wang Xiaojun, Ma Tuansheng, Wei Xiangzhan,
Hu Huaqiang, Li Xiangdong, Zhang Yansheng, Hou Liancheng, Tang Dongsheng,
Zhang Kaijun, Zou Xiaonong
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Contents
1 General Provisions........................................................................................................................1
2 Terms ...........................................................................................................................................2
3 Basic Requirements ......................................................................................................................4
4 Heating (Cooling) Electrical Loads ...............................................................................................6
4.1 Heating (Cooling) Electrical Loads and Heating (Cooling) Medium .....................................6
4.2 Electrical Loads ...................................................................................................................8
5 Site Selection..............................................................................................................................10
6 Overall Planning.........................................................................................................................14
6.1 General Requirements ........................................................................................................14
6.2 Internal Planning of Plant Area...........................................................................................15
6.3 External Planning of Plant Area..........................................................................................23
7 Layout of Main Plant Building....................................................................................................25
7.2 Layout of Main Plant Building ...........................................................................................25
7.3 Overhaul Facilities .............................................................................................................28
7.4 Comprehensive Facilities ...................................................................................................29
8 Coal Handling System ................................................................................................................31
8.2 Coal Unloading Facilities and External Transportation .......................................................31
8.3 Belt Conveyor System........................................................................................................32
8.4 Coal Storage Yard and Its Equipment .................................................................................33
8.5 Coal Screening and Crushing Equipment............................................................................34
8.6 Storage and Preparation of Limestone ................................................................................34
8.7 Control Mode.....................................................................................................................35
8.8 Auxiliary Facilities and Buildings for Coal Handling .........................................................35
9 Boiler Equipment and System.....................................................................................................37
9.1 Boiler Equipment ...............................................................................................................37
9.2 Pulverized Coal Preparation ...............................................................................................37
9.3 Air and Flue Gas System....................................................................................................41

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9.4 Oil System for Ignition and Combustion Support................................................................43
9.5 Auxiliary System and Equipment of Boiler.........................................................................45
9.6 Startup Boiler .....................................................................................................................46
10 Ash and Slag Handling System .................................................................................................48
10.1 General Requirements ....................................................................................................48
10.2 Hydraulic Ash and Slag Handling System .......................................................................48
10.3 Mechanical Slag Handling System..................................................................................50
10.4 Dry Ash Handling System...............................................................................................51
10.5 Ash and Slag Off-site Transportation System ..................................................................52
10.6 Control and Overhaul Facilities ......................................................................................52
10.7 Ash and Slag Handling System of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler................................52
11 Desulfurization System .............................................................................................................54
12 Denitration System ...................................................................................................................58
13 Steam Turbine Equipment and System ......................................................................................60
13.1 Steam Turbine Equipment...............................................................................................60
13.2 Main Steam and Heat Supply Steam System ...................................................................61
13.3 Water Supply System and Supply Pump..........................................................................62
13.4 Deaerator and Water Supply Tank ...................................................................................63
13.5 Condensate System and Condensate Pump......................................................................64
13.6 Drain pump of Low Pressure Calorifier...........................................................................65
13.7 Drain Flash Tank, Drain Tank, Drain pump, Low Flush Tank and Low Level Pump ........66
13.8 Industrial Water System ..................................................................................................66
13.9 Heating Network Calorifier and Its System .....................................................................68
13.10 Temperature and Pressure Reducing Device..................................................................71
13.11 Condensed Water Recovery Plant of Steam Heat Supply Network.................................71
13.12 Steam Condenser and Its Auxiliary Facilities ................................................................71
14 Water Treatment Equipment and System ...................................................................................73
14.1 Water Pretreatment .........................................................................................................73
14.2 Water Pre-desalination....................................................................................................75
14.3 Boiler Makeup Water Treatment .....................................................................................76
14.4 Chemical Dosing and Water and Steam Sampling for Thermal System............................78
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14.5 Cooling Water Treatment ................................................................................................78
14.6 Treatment for Makeup Water and Production Return Water of Heating Network .............79
14.7 Chemical Storage and Solution Tank...............................................................................79
14.8 Design and Corrosion Protection of Tanks, Grooves, Pipelines and Valves ......................79
14.9 Laboratory and Instruments ............................................................................................80
15 Information System ..................................................................................................................81
15.2 Overall Planning of Plant Information System ................................................................81
15.3 Management Information System (MIS) .........................................................................81
15.4 Quotation system............................................................................................................82
15.5 Video Monitoring System ...............................................................................................82
15.6 Access Guard Management System ................................................................................83
15.7 Wiring ............................................................................................................................83
15.8 Information Security.......................................................................................................83
16 Instrumentation and Control......................................................................................................85
16.2 Control Mode and Automation Level ..............................................................................85
16.3 Layout of Control Room and Electronic Equipment Room..............................................86
16.4 Measurement and Instrument ..........................................................................................87
16.5 Analog Quantity Control.................................................................................................89
16.6 Switching Value Control and Interlocking .......................................................................89
16.7 Alarming ........................................................................................................................90
16.8 Protection .......................................................................................................................90
16.9 Control System...............................................................................................................92
16.10 Control Power Supply...................................................................................................92
16.11 Layout of Cables, Instrument Tubes and Local Equipment ............................................93
16.12 Instrument and Control Laboratory ...............................................................................93
17 Electrical Equipment and System..............................................................................................95
17.1 Generator and Main Transformer ....................................................................................95
17.2 Main Electrical Connection.............................................................................................96
17.3 AC Auxiliary Power System ...........................................................................................97

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17.4 High-voltage Distribution Device ...................................................................................99
17.5 DC Power Supply System and AC Uninterruptible Power Supply .................................100
17.6 Electrical Monitoring and Control.................................................................................101
17.7 Electrical Measuring Instrument ...................................................................................103
17.8 Component Relay Protection and Automatic Safety Device...........................................103
17.9 Lighting System ...........................................................................................................103
17.10 Cable Selection and Laying ........................................................................................105
17.11 Overvoltage Protection and Earthing...........................................................................105
17.12 Electrical Laboratory ..................................................................................................105
17.13 Electrical Device in Hazardous Explosion and Fire Environment ................................ 105
17.14 In-plant Communication ............................................................................................. 105
17.15 System Protection.......................................................................................................106
17.16 System Communication .............................................................................................. 106
17.17 Telecontrol of System .................................................................................................107
17.18 Electric Energy Metering ............................................................................................ 107
18 Hydraulic Facilities and Systems............................................................................................. 108
18.1 Water Source and Water Management ...........................................................................108
18.2 Water Supply System....................................................................................................109
18.3 Water Intake Structure and Water Pump House ............................................................. 110
18.4 Water Transport and Distribution Pipeline and Ditch..................................................... 111
18.5 Cooling Facilities ......................................................................................................... 112
18.6 External Ash and Slag Handling System and Ash Storage Yard ..................................... 114
18.7 Water Supply and Drainage .......................................................................................... 116
18.8 Hydraulic Buildings (Structures)................................................................................... 117
19 Auxiliary and Ancillary Facilities............................................................................................ 119
20 Buildings and Structures .........................................................................................................122
20.1 General Requirements ..................................................................................................122
20.2 Seismic Design.............................................................................................................123
20.3 Main Mill Building Structure........................................................................................124
20.4 Base and Foundation ....................................................................................................124
20.5 Lighting and Natural Ventilation ...................................................................................125

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20.6 Thermal Engineering and Noise Control of Building.....................................................125
20.7 Waterproof and Drainage .............................................................................................. 126
20.8 Interior and Exterior Decoration ...................................................................................126
20.9 Doors and Windows......................................................................................................126
20.10 Living Facilities..........................................................................................................127
20.11 Chimney .....................................................................................................................127
20.12 Coal Handling Structures ............................................................................................ 127
20.13 Supporting Structure of Air Cooled Condenser............................................................ 128
20.14 Live Loads..................................................................................................................128
21 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning...............................................................................133
21.2 Main Plant Building......................................................................................................135
21.3 Electrical Building and Electrical Equipment ................................................................ 136
21.4 Coal Handling Building ................................................................................................ 137
21.5 Chemical Building........................................................................................................138
21.6 Other Auxiliary and Ancillary Buildings .......................................................................138
21.7 Plant Cooling and Heating Stations and Pipe Network ..................................................139
22 Environmental Protection and Water and Soil Conservation ....................................................141
22.2 Design Requirements for Environmental Protection and Water and Soil Conservation...141
22.3 Prevention and Control Principles for Various Pollution Sources ...................................141
22.4 Environmental Management and Monitoring ................................................................ 143
22.5 Water and Soil Conservation.........................................................................................144
23 Labour Safety and Occupational Health ..................................................................................145
23.2 Labour Safety ...............................................................................................................145
23.3 Occupational Health .....................................................................................................146
24 Fire Fighting........................................................................................................................... 147
Appendix A Complete Water Quality Analysis Report..................................................................148
Explanation of Wording in This Code ............................................................................................. 149
List of Quoted Standards ................................................................................................................150

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6
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This code was formulated with a view to making fossil fired power plant (hereinafter referred
to as power plant) meet the design requirements on safety and reliability, advanced technology,
economy and suitability, energy conservation and environmental protection.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the design of such constructed, extended and renovated fossil fired
power plants with parameters at or below high pressure and high temperature, power per unit less than
125MW, adopting the direct combustion mode and mainly combusting solid fossil fuel.
1.0.3 In addition to the requirements stipulated in this code, the design of small fossil fired power
plant also shall comply with those in the current relevant ones of the nation.
1
2 Terms
2.0.1 Thermalization coefficient
The ratio of the rated heating load (deducting the self-use steam heat load) of heat supply unit to
the maximum design heating load.
2.0.2 Simultaneity factor
The ratio of the regional (enterprise) maximum heating load to the sum of maximum heating load
of all users (workshops).
2.0.3 Micro filtration
A kind of membrane separation technique, with filtration precision of 0.1m~1.0m.
2.0.4 Ultra filtration
A kind of membrane separation technique, with filtration precision of 0.01m~0.1m.
2.0.5 On line UPS
An uninterruptible power supply unit having such function that whether the AC working power
supply is normal or not, the inverter is always in working state and is able to guarantee the uninterruptible
power supply for loads through the inversion of DC power supply and output AC sine wave.
2.0.6 Electrical control and management system
A computer system performing control and management over such electrical equipment as
generator transformer bank and high and low voltage auxiliary power supply of power plant by adopting
open or distributed network structure on basis of the fieldbus technology, which is also referred to as
ECMS.
2.0.7 Network computerized control system
A computer system performing control and management over the power network system or
equipment of booster station by adopting open or distributed network structure on basis of the fieldbus
technology, which is also referred to as NCCS.
2.0.8 Operator station
A man-machine interface equipment installed at the control room in control system and used for
operator to conduct monitoring and controlling.
2.0.9 Parallel change-over
The change-over with the commands on the tripping of high-voltage working power supply circuit
breaker and the switching in of standby power supply circuit breaker of the power plant being given
simultaneously.
2.0.10 High speed change-over
The auxiliary power change-over for power plant with change-over time no larger than 100ms
when high voltage auxiliary power is in accident.
2
2.0.11 Engineer station
A man-machine interface equipment installed at the control room or other places in the control
system and used for programming and configuration personnel to conduct logic, picture and parameter
modification.
2.0.12 Air cooled heat exchangers
A kind of heat dissipation equipment cooling down the circulating water of indirect air cooling
system by using air as cooling medium.
2.0.13 Air cooled condensers
A kind of heat dissipation equipment making the steam exhausted from steam turbine condense
to water by using air as cooling medium.
2.0.14 Drought exponent
The ratio of the annual evaporation capacity and annual rainfall at a region.
2.0.15 Severe cold region
The region where the mean temperature of normal coldest month (i.e. the winter ventilation
outdoor calculated temperature) is not higher than 10.
2.0.16 Cold region
The region where the mean temperature of normal coldest month (i.e. the winter ventilation
outdoor calculated temperature) is not higher than 0 but higher than 10.
3
3 Basic Requirements
3.0.1 Design of power plant must conform to the state laws and regulations as well as the requirements
of the relevant policies such as energy conservation and environmental protection.
3.0.2 Design of power plant shall be carried out in accordance with capital construction procedure
and the profundity of its contents shall meet the requirements of the current relevant standards of the
Nation,
3.0.3 Type of power plant shall meet the following requirements:
1 Constructing the heating type power plant (hereinafter referred to as thermal power plant)
in an economical and rational heating range according to the urban central heating planning and
combined heat and power generation planning and in consideration of the property and size of heating
load.
2 Constructing the enterprise self-supply thermal power plant of appropriate scale in accordance
with the heating electrical load demand of enterprise.
3 Shall preferentially construct small hydropower or renewable energy power plant at the
region where the power grid is difficult to reach; where the conditions of small hydropower and
renewable energy are unavailable or at the region where the local coal resource is abundant, traffic is
difficult and faces electric power shortage or no electric power, condensing power plant of appropriate
scale shall be constructed in accordance with local conditions on basis of the urban regional power
planning.
4 At regions with permissible conditions, the heating, power and cooling combined heating
power plant should be popularized.
3.0.4 Selection for the pressure parameter of the units of power plant should consider the short term
and long term uniformly and should meet the following requirements:
1 For the thermal power plant, the steam extraction unit with power per unit of or above Grade
25MW and the back pressure unit of 12MW should be selected with high-voltage parameters; the
steam extraction unit with power per unit of 12MW and the back pressure unit of 6MW should be
selected with the high-voltage, sub-high-voltage or medium-voltage parameters; and the units with
power per unit of or below 6MW should be selected with the medium-voltage parameters.
2 For condensing power plant, if the power per unit is of or above Grade 50MW, the high-
voltage parameters should be selected; if the power per unit is below Grade 50MW, the sub-high-
voltage or medium-voltage parameters should be selected.
3 Units in one same power plant should adopt the same kind of parameters.
3.0.5 Design of power plant shall meet the requirements the state electric power development and
enterprise development planning, the design of thermal power plant shall meet the requirements of the
urban central heating planning and combined heat and power generation planning, and the design of
enterprise self-supply thermal power plant shall meet the requirements of enterprise process system on
heating parameters.
3.0.6 Design of power plant shall sufficiently and rationally utilize the resource condition at site and
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conduct overall planning in accordance with the planning capacity.
3.0.7 Design of extended and renovated power plants shall consider fully in combination with the
characteristics in such aspects as original general layout, equipment layout of original production system,
original building structure and operation management experience.
3.0.8 Enterprise shall make overall planning for the design of its self-supply power plant and shall
not set repeated systems, equipment or facilities for the power plant.
3.0.9 The design life of the process system of power plant shall be designed of 30 years.
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4 Heating (Cooling) Electrical Loads
4.1 Heating (Cooling) Electrical Loads and Heating (Cooling) Medium
4.1.1 Heating load of thermal power plant shall be determined through investigation and verification
based on the heating planning of urban regions. The heating load of enterprise self-supply thermal
power plant shall be determined according to the heating load required in the enterprise planning.
4.1.2 The planning capacity and stage construction scale of thermal power plant shall be determined
according to the short-term and long-term heating loads implemented through investigation as well as
the combined heat and power generation planning of this region.
4.1.3 The economical and rational heating range of thermal power plant shall be determined through
technical and economic comparison according to factors such as property and distribution of heating
loads, cost of heat source, construction cost of heating network and parameters of heating medium.
The delivery distance of steam pipe network should not exceed 8km and that of hot water pipe network
should not exceed 20km.
4.1.4 To determine the design heating load, the general conditions and distribution of heat source,
heating load and heating parameters within the heating range shall be investigated and shall meet the
following requirements:
1 As for the steam heating load for industrial use, the current state of each heat user, the
property of planning heating load, the steam utilization parameters and mode, the teat utilization mode,
the return water conditions, the average steam consumption month by month in the most recent year
and the steam utilization hours shall be investigated and collected, and the maximum, minimum and
mean hourly steam consumption in winter and summer shall be determined according to the hourly
steam consumption of the typical day in different seasons of each heat user. As for the main heat users,
the heating load curve of the typical days in different seasons and the annual sustained heating load
curve shall be plotted.
2 As for heating load, the types of the short-term and long-term heat users within the heating
range shall be collected, and the heating area and heating index shall be calculated respectively. The
heating load shall meet the following requirements:
1) The hourly heating load corresponding to each outdoor temperature from the initial
temperature to the heating outdoor calculated temperature as well as the average heating
load during heating period shall be calculated in accordance with local meteorological
data, the yearly heating load curve shall be plotted, and the utilization hours of maximum
heating load and average heating load shall be calculated respectively.
2) Where the heating building is equipped with ventilation and air conditioning heating
loads, the calculated heating load shall include the heating load required for fresh air
heating in ventilation and air conditioning of this building.
3) The heating index shall meet the relevant requirements of the current professional
standard Design Code for City Heating Network CJJ 34.
3 As for the heating load of domestic hot water, the area of dwelling house and public building,
6
the heat index of domestic hot water and the like shall be collected, and the average heating load and
maximum heating load of domestic hot water shall be calculated.
4.1.5 The heating load for heat-operated refrigeration should be developed in summer. The cooling
load shall be determined according to the area of cooling buildings, thermal characteristics, meteorological
data and requirements of cooling technology on heating medium.
4.1.6 The maximum, minimum and average steam consumption and the steam utilization parameters
of the heat user side in different seasons that are verified through investigation shall be converted to
the steam supply parameters, steam supply flow or heating load of the power plant side according to
enthalpy value and the pressure drop and temperature drop of pipeline. Where the heating loads for
heating and domestic hot water are calculated according to the indexes, the loss of hot water network
shall not be recalculated.
4.1.7 Where heating load superposition is carried out for heat users, the adoption of simultaneity
factor shall meet the following requirements:
1 As for the main heat users with heating load produced stably, the simultaneity factor shall not
be calculated when conducting heating load superposition on basis of adopting their typical daily
heating load curves in different seasons.
2 As for the minor heat users with small amount of heating load production or without stable
heating load production, the simultaneity factor shall be multiplied when conducting the maximum
heating load superposition.
3 When the heating loads for heating, air conditioning refrigeration and domestic hot water are
superposed, the simultaneity factor shall be calculated.
4 The value of simultaneity factor should be taken as 0.7~0.9. As for regions where the heating
load is relatively stable, the simultaneity factor shall be adopted as the larger value, and conversely, it
shall be adopted as the smaller value.
4.1.8 The type selection of heat supply unit and the calculation of the heat economy index of power
plant shall be determined according to the typical daily load curves of steam and hot water during
heating period and non-heating period as well as the annual load duration curve of total heat consumption
plotted by the power plant side.
4.1.9 The heating (cooling) medium of thermal power plant shall be determined according to the
following principles:
1 Where the users main production technology needs steam heating, the steam heating medium
shall be adopted.
2 Where production technology of a large number of the users need hot water medium and only
a small number of users may be transferred from hot water medium to steam medium, and it is
reasonable through technical and economical comparison, the hot water heating medium should be
adopted.
3 The heating load simply used for heating, ventilation, air conditioning and domestic hot water
of civil buildings shall be adopted with hot water heating medium.
4 Where the users main production technology must adopt the steam heating and also supply a
7
large amount of heating load for the heating, ventilation, air conditioning and domestic hot water of a
large number of civil buildings simultaneously, the two kinds of heating mediums, i.e. steam and hot
water, shall be adopted. Where only a small amount of heating load for heating, ventilation, air
conditioning is supplied, if it is reasonable through technical and economical comparison, one kind of
medium, i.e. steam, may be adopted for heating.
5 Generally, the cooling medium adopted is cold water.
4.1.10 The selection of heating (cooling) medium parameters shall meet the following requirements:
1 According to the steam parameters needed by the production technology of heat user side,
they shall be converted into the steam supply parameters of thermal power plant side according to
enthalpy value and the pressure drop and temperature drop of pipeline, and the optimal steam exhaust
parameters or steam extraction parameters of steam turbine shall be selected through technical and
economical comparison.
2 The optimal design supply water temperature and return water temperature of the hot water
heat supply network shall be determined through technical and economic comparison according to
such factors as specific engineering conditions, combined thermal power plant, pipe network, heating
station and heat user secondary heating system, etc.. Where the conditions for technical and economic
comparison of optimal supply water temperature and return water temperature are unavailable, the
supply water temperature and return water temperature of the hot water heat supply network may be
determined according to the following principles:
1) For the heat supply network supplying heat by connecting with the users through heating
stations, the supply water temperature of thermal power plant may adopt 110~150.
If primary calorifier is adopted, the supply water temperature shall be taken as the
smaller value; if the primary calorifier is adopted by serial connection with the peak-load
calorifier (including series peak-load boilers), the supply water temperature shall be
taken as the larger value. The return water temperature may adopt 60~70.
2) For the heating system directly supplying hot water heating load for users, the supply
water temperature of thermal power plant may adopt about 95, and the return water
temperature may adopt 65~70.
3) Supply water temperature of the cold water for cooling: 5~9, which should adopt
7. Return water temperature of the cold water for cooling: 10~14, which should
adopt 12.
4.1.11 For user side of steam heat supply network, if indirect heating is adopted, the recovery rate of
condensed water shall be larger than 80%. The recovery mode and recovery rate of condensed water
at the user side shall be determined through comprehensive technical and economic comparison according
to factors such as water quality, water amount, delivery distance and condensate pipeline investment.
4.2 Electrical Loads
4.2.1 The development organization shall provide the design organization the short-term and long-
term electrical load data year by year of the plant construction region, and shall offer detailed
description to the distribution conditions of electrical loads. The electrical load data shall cover the
following items:
8
1 The total electrical loads and electric quantity demand year by year of this region.
2 The year by year electrical loads of the primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary
industry of this region.
3 Detailed information such as the production scale of existing and newly added main power
users, the main products and output, power consumption, composition and property of electrical loads,
maximum electrical load and its utilization hours and specific gravity of Level 1 electrical loads.
4.2.2 The electrical load data shall be rechecked and the users with large electrical loads shall be
analyzed and verified.
4.2.3 According to the power supply development planning and electrical load data in the
plant construction region, the short-term and long-term regional electric power balance of each
target year shall be made out. And if necessary, electric quantity balance shall be made out.
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5 Site Selection
5.0.1 The site selection of power plant shall meet the following requirements:
1 The site of power plant shall meet the requirements in aspects of power planning, urban and
rural planning, land use planning, fuel and water source supply, communication and transportation,
access system, combined heat and power generation and heating network planning, environmental
protection and water and soil conservation, airport clearance, military facilities, mineral resources,
preservation of cultural relics, conservation of scenic spots and ecological protection, and drinking
water source protection, etc..
2 The work of selecting the plant site shall be carried out from the overall situation, the
relationship between the power plant and the neighboring agriculture, industrial and mining enterprises,
national defense facilities, resident living, heat users, and every respect of power grid shall be handled
correctly, and the influence on regional economy and society shall be carried out with analytic
demonstration.
3 For the site selection of power plant, the influence of factors such as grid structure, electric
power and heating load, central heating planning, coal supply, water source, traffic, transportation of
fuel and heavy equipment, environmental protection, ash and slag treatment, transmission line corridor,
heating pipeline, landform, geology, earthquake, hydrology, weather, land and relocation, construction
and surrounding enterprises on the power plant shall be studied, and comprehensive demonstration
and evaluation shall be conducted on the plant site through technical and economic comparison and
economic benefit analysis.
4 The site of enterprise self-supply thermal power plant should be close to the heating and
electrical load center of this enterprise and shall be planned integrally in the plant selection of
enterprise.
5 The site of thermal power plant should be close to the users heating load center.
5.0.2 When selecting the site of power plant, water source shall meet the following requirements:
1 Water supply source must be made certain and be reliable. When determining the water supply
capacity of water source, the water utilization conditions of local agriculture, industry and resident
living as well as the influence of water conservancy and hydropower planning on variation in water
source shall be mastered.
2 The power plant adopting direct-flow water circulation should be close to the water source.
The influence of water intake and discharge on shipping in the water area, environment, cultivation,
ecology and city life water utilization shall be taken into consideration.
3 Corresponding requirements for the position selection of water intake: where the lake or river
water is used as the water supply source, the position of water intake must be selected at the section
where the riverbed is stable all year around and shall avoid the influence of sand, vegetation, ice,
drifting sundries, backflow of drained water, etc..
4 Where the ground water is considered as the water source, the hydrogeologic exploration
shall be carried out, the hydrogeologic exploration assessment report shall be proposed and the approval
of relevant water resource competent department shall be obtained.
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5.0.3 When selecting the site of power plant, natural conditions at the plant site shall meet the
1 The site of power plant shall not be selected at the district with crag, landslide, karst development
or debris flow or the causative fault zone. Where the site cannot be kept away from geological hazard-
prone area, geologic hazard critical evaluation work shall be carried out in the engineering plant
selection stage to comprehensively evaluate the dangerousness degree of geologic hazards, propose
suitable evaluation comments on site construction and take corresponding precaution measures.
2 For the site of power plant, the economical and intensive use of land shall be fully considered,
and the non-arable land and scabland should be used, and attention shall be paid to building relocation
and to reduce population migration.
3 Site of power plant in mountainous area should be selected at the relatively flat slope land or
downland, and attention shall also be paid to not damage the original water system, forest and vegetation
and avoid high fill and deep excavation so as to reduce earthworks and protective engineering quantity.
4 Site of power plant should be selected at the windward side of the perennial minimum
frequency wind direction of nearby urban (town) residential area and domestic water source region.
5.0.4 When determining the elevation of the power plant site and the top elevation of waterlogging
control embankment, the following requirements shall be met:
1 The plant site elevation shall be higher than the flood level with recurrence interval of 50
years. Where the site elevation is lower than the aforesaid standard, the plant area must be designed
with discharge and flood ditches, flood (waterlogging) control embankment, water retaining wall or
other reliable flood (waterlogging) control facilities, and they shall be constructed well at a time
according to the planning scale in the preliminary engineering stage.
2 Design elevation of outdoor terrace in the main plant building area shall be 0.5m higher than
the 50-year flood level. The site elevation at other areas in plant area shall not be lower than the
50-year flood level. If the plant site elevation is higher than the design water level but is lower than
the wave height, the following measures may be taken:
1) Flood discharge ditch shall be set outside the site;
2) Layout of drainage system in plant shall be strengthened;
3) Wave wall shall be set and the wall top elevation shall be determined according to wave
height.
3 For power plants located beside rivers or lakes, the top elevation of their flood embankment
shall be 0.5m higher than the 50-year flood level. Where relatively big impact is come from wind,
wave and damp, the wave run-up with recurrence interval of 50 years shall be also be added. The
design of flood embankment shall be agreed by the local water resources department.
4 For the seaside power plants, the top elevation of their flood embankment shall be determined
according to 50-year high water level (or tide level) plus the 50-year wave run-up with cumulative
frequency of 1% and the free board of 0.5m.
5 When constructing power plant in the region with high frequency of waterlogging, the top
elevation of its waterlogging embankment shall be determined according to the 50-year designed
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waterlogging level (where it is difficult to determine, the highest waterlogging level on records may
be adopted) plus 0.5m free board. Where flood drainage facilities are set, the top elevation of its
waterlogging embankment shall be determined according to the designed waterlogging level plus
0.5m free board. The embankment shall be built-up at a time in the preliminary engineering stage.
6 For power plants located in mountainous area, measures for controlling and draining
mountain torrents shall be taken into consideration, and the flood control and drain facilities may be in
accordance with the standard design of frequency of 1%.
7 The flood control standard of enterprise self-supply power plant shall be coordinated with the
flood control standard of the enterprise where the power plant is set.
5.0.5 When selecting the site of power plant, the geological conditions of the plant site and its
surrounding area shall be surveyed and explored to provide basic data for determining the plant site
and solving the geotechnical engineering problems. Where the geological conditions are appropriate,
the buildings and structures should be adopted with natural foundation, the main plant building and
the buildings (structures) with large loads shall be arranged at the district with high load-bearing
capacity.
5.0.6 The seismic fortification intensity of the power plant site may adopt the basic seismic intensity
divided in the current national standard Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China
GB 18306. For the city that has already established the seismic fortification zonation, the power plant
shall be carried out with seismic fortification according to the approved seismic fortification intensity
or design parameters of ground motion.
5.0.7 When selecting the power plant site, the ash storage yard shall be selected in combination with
the comprehensive utilization conditions of ash and slag. The design of ash storage yard shall meet the
1 The ash storage yard should be close to the plant area, should be constructed by utilizing the
valley, lowland, intertidal zone, subsidence area and waste mines nearby the plant area and should
avoid multilevel delivery.
2 The ash storage yard shall not be set within the scope of the local water source area or
planned water conservation district. The ash storage yard must be taken with protective measures
against pollution to atmospheric environment, surface water and ground water and shall meet the local
environmental protection requirements.
3 Where valley ash storage yard is adopted, the ash storage yard shall be constructed by
selecting the landform where the damming engineering quantity is small and is favorable to set the
flood control structure; the ash water of ash storage yard shall be avoided to hazard the life of residents
in neighboring villages, and proper measures shall be taken to prevent the flood discharge structure
from generating adverse impact on the downstream during the flood discharge period, and the local
existing flood control facilities shall be fully used; moreover, adequate damming materials shall be
provided, and the possible conditions of damming with ash and slag by stages shall be considered as
far as possible.
4 Where the ash and slag comprehensive utilization is not put into practice, the total storage of
the ash storage yard in the preliminary stage shall meet that the preliminary stage capacity that is able
to store 5 years of ash and slag volume. The planning total storage of the ash storage yard shall meet
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that the planning capacity that is able to store 10 years of ash and slag volume.
5 Where part of ash and slag are comprehensively utilized, the ash storage yard shall be
selected by deducting the ash and slag volume comprehensively utilized in the corresponding period.
Where all ash and slag are comprehensively utilized, the dash adjustment ash storage yard shall be
selected according to the removal amount of ash and slag within the possible longest duration time
(which may be interrupted) of comprehensive utilization.
5.0.8 The selection of the power plant site shall be arranged in a unified way according to the
planning capacity based on system planning, power transmission outgoing line direction, voltage
grade and loop number, and conditions of terrain, landform and obstacles nearby the power plant, and
shall avoid intersection. The high-voltage transmission line shall be kept away from the critical facilities
and should not cross over buildings; where it cannot be kept away, adequate protective spacing shall
be left between them.
5.0.9 The arrangement of heating pipeline and corridor planning shall be coordinated with the overall
planning of the plant area and shall not affect the conditions of plant area such as communication and
transportation, extension and construction, etc..
5.0.10 When selecting the site of power plant, the fuel transportation mode of power plant shall be
determined through technical and economic comparison of the surrounding transportation conditions
of the plant site.
5.0.11 When selecting the site of power plant, the requirements specified in relevant laws, regulations
and decrees on environmental protection of China shall be obeyed strictly. The pollution of dust,
exhaust gas, wastewater, ash and slag discharged from power plant to the environment shall be reduced.
Meanwhile, attention shall be drawn to the mutual influence of the power plant with the exhaust gas,
wastewater, ash and slag discharged from other enterprises.
5.0.12 When determining the site of power plant, the documents agreed or approved by the relevant
departments shall be obtained, mainly including the documents of the land use, fuel and water source
supply, railway transportation and connection, highway and wharf construction, transmission line and
heating network, environmental protection and urban planning departments as well as documents of
the relevant departments of airports, military facilities or cultural relics and relics, etc..
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6 Overall Planning
6.1 General Requirements
6.1.1 The overall planning of power plant shall make overall plans to the plant area, construction
area, living area, water source area, water supply and drainage facilities, sewage treatment facilities,
ash pipeline, ash storage yard, ash and slag comprehensive utilization, communication and transportation,
transmission line corridor and heating network by aiming at the current period and taking perspective
into account according to the production, construction and living needs of power plant and in
combination with the plant site, its neighboring natural conditions and the urban and rural and land
use overall planning. The plant area overall planning and layout of the self-supply power plant shall
be coordinated with the workshops of each branch factory of this enterprise and shall meet the overall
planning requirements of the enterprise.
6.1.2 The overall planning of power plant shall implement the policy of economical and intensive
use of land, shall strictly control the land area of the plant area, the building area in front of the plant
and the construction area by adopting new technique, new process and design optimization. The land
use scope of power plant shall be determined according to the planning capacity, the construction
scale of the current period and the demand of construction. The land of power plant should be planned
unifiedly and be requisited by stages.
6.1.3 Overall planning of power plant shall meet the following requirements:
1 Reasonable process flow.
2 Convenient communication and transportation.
3 Relationship between sites inside and outside the plant, between production and living, and
production and construction shall be well handled.
4 Being coordinated with the planning of city (town) or industrial area.
5 Being convenient for construction and favorable to extension.
6 Rational utilizing the terrain and geological conditions.
7 Minimizing the excavation engineering quantity of the site.
8 Low construction cost and operating cost, and high economic benefit.
9 Conforming to the requirements for environmental protection, fire fighting, labor safety and
occupational health.
6.1.4 Overall planning of power plant shall also meet the following requirements:
1 According to the functional requirements, the power plant may be divided into the main plant
building area, distribution device area, cooling facilities area, coal burning facilities area, auxiliary
production area, front building area of plant, and construction area, etc..
2 Arrangement of buildings in each area shall be considered with the sunlight direction and
wind direction and shall strive to be reasonable and compact. The auxiliary and ancillary buildings
and the administrative management and public welfare buildings should be arranged jointly and
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should be multi-storey buildings.
3 Attention shall be drawn to the spatial organization of buildings and the coordination of
building groups, the planning shall be started from the whole and coordinated with the environment.
4 Greening planning shall be carried out in accordance with local conditions, the greening rate
of plant area should not be larger than 20% of the land area of the plant area, and the land area of
plant area shall not be increased due to greening.
5 Site of the exposed part of outdoor distribution device may be paved with lawn or crushed
stone and pebble. For areas where flying dust may appear, like coal yard, ash yard and desulfurizing
absorbent storage yard, in addition to taking dust prevention measures, if conditions permit, trees shall
be planted to separate these areas. For power plant located in such region with heavy sandstorm, the
off-site shelter belt may be set according to specific conditions.
6.1.5 The arrangement of buildings of the power plant must meet the fire protection requirements,
the classification of fire hazards and the fire resistance rating of each main production, auxiliary
production and ancillary building (structure) during the production process shall not only comply with
the relevant requirements of the current national standard Code for Design of Fire Protection for
Fossil Fuel Power Plants and Substations GB 50229, but also meet the following requirements:
1 Office building, canteen, guest house, attendant dormitory, and guard and reception room are
according to Class III of Category D.
2 The liquid ammonia storage and disposal facilities area is according to Class II of Category B,
while the urea storage and disposal facilities area is according to Class II of Category C.
6.2 Internal Planning of Plant Area
6.2.1 The plant area planning of power plant shall be arranged according to principles of reasonable
process flow, taking main plant area as the center and in combination with the functions of all the
production facilities and systems, shall be with clear zoning, be compact and reasonable, favorable to
extension and in accordance with local condition, and shall meet the requirements for fire prevention,
explosion protection, environmental protection, labor safety and occupational health. The building
facilities in front of plant should be centralizedly arranged at the fixed end of the main plant building
and meet the requirements on convenience for contact with production and for living, and beautiful
plant appearance. The plant area planning of self-supply power plant shall be coordinated with the
plant area arrangement of enterprise.
6.2.2 In addition to the requirements specified in the current relevant fire protection standards of the
state and the requirements of environmental protection principles, the arrangement of the main
buildings and structures in the plant area shall also meet the following requirements:
1 The plant area planning of power plant shall be designed according to the planning capacity.
If the power plant is constructed by stages, the overall planning shall correctly deal with the
relationship between short term and long term. The short-term items shall be centralizedly arranged
and the long-term items shall be reserved with area for development, land shall be requisited by stages,
and the advance land requisition in advance for standby application is strictly forbidden.
2 The main plant building shall be arranged at the moderate position in the plant area; where
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direct-flow water circulation is adopted, the steam turbine room should be near to water source. The
main plant building and chimney shall be arranged in the area where the soil quality is uniform and
the base bearing capacity is high. The fixed end of main plant building should face to the leading
direction of access road. Where direct air cooling is adopted, the influence of meteorological conditions
on operation of air cooling unit and orientation of main plant building shall be taken into consideration.
3 The arrangement of outdoor distribution devices shall take the convenience for incoming and
outgoing line into account and shall avoid line intersection as far as possible.
4 The arrangement of cooling tower shall be comprehensively considered according to factors

such as the terrain and geological conditions, the arrangement conditions of adjacent facilities and the
all-year-round wind direction. During the preliminary stage of engineering, the cooling tower should
not be arranged at the extension end. For the power plant adopting exhaust fume cooling tower, the
cooling tower should be near to the rear area of boiler to make the flue smooth, short and simple. For
the power plant adopting mechanical draft cooling tower, the air intake surface of single-side air
intake tower should face to the summer prevailing wind direction, while that of dual-side air intake
tower should be parallel to the summer prevailing wind direction.
5 The open coal storage yard and the liquid ammonia facilities should be arranged on the
windward side in the wind direction with the annual minimum frequency of the main buildings in
plant area and shall avoid the pollution effect on residential areas outside the plant.
6 The fuel loading and unloading pump rooms, comburent oil tank, and liquid ammonia storage
facilities shall be separate from other auxiliary and ancillary production buildings and shall be separately
arranged to form an independent area. Where they are arranged near to rivers or lakes, proper
measures shall be taken to prevent the leaked liquid from flowing into water area.
7 The discharge outlet of production wastewater and sanitary sewage that are qualified through
treatment shall be far away from the water intake of domestic water. They shall be discharged
centralizedly at the downstream of water intake and shall not be discharged by connecting to the trunk
pipe of sewers.
8 The plant area shall be built with at least two entrances/exits outward, the entrance/exit
positions shall be convenient for the internal and external contact of the plant and shall separate the
people flow from traffic flow. The main entrance/exit of plant area should be set at one side of the
fixed end of plant area. During the construction, private entrance/exit for construction should be set.
Where the power plant adopts automobiles to transport coal or ash and slag, it should be set with
private entrance/exit.
9 The plane layout and spatial organization of buildings (structures) in plant area shall be
compact and reasonable, the architectural style in plant area shall be concise and coordinating, the
architectural modeling shall be novelty and beautiful. The building type and arrangement of self-
supply power plant shall be coordinated with the general environment of the enterprise where the
power plant is located.
10 The area planning of extended power plant shall conduct overall arrangement and renovation
in combination with the production system and arrangement characteristics of the former plant, shall
rationally utilize the existing facilities, reduce relocation, and avoid the influence of extension construction
on normal production.
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11 Auxiliary buildings and ancillary buildings should adopt the joint building and multi-storey
building.
6.2.3 Orientation of main buildings in plant area should be determined in combination with factors
such as sunlight, natural ventilation and natural lighting.
6.2.4 The land indexes of power plant shall meet the relevant requirements of the current power
engineering project construction land indexes of the state, and the building coverage of plant area
shall not be less than 35% and the greening rate of plant area shall not be larger than 20%.
6.2.5 The minimum spacing between buildings (structures) of the power plant shall be in accordance
with those specified in Table 6.2.5.
6.2.6 The plane layout of the enclosure wall of plant area shall be planned under the premise of land
conservation; except for specific requirements, the enclosure wall should be solid wall and the wall
height shall not be less than 2.2m. The in-plant part of outdoor distribution device area shall be built
with 1.8m-high fence around and the transformer area shall be built with 1.5m-high fence around.
Both liquid ammonia storage area and comburent oil tank area shall be arranged separately and shall
be built with non-combustible solid wall with height no less than 2.0m around. Where the enclosure
wall of plant area is used, this section of enclosure wall shall be non-combustible solid wall with
height no less than 2.5m, and the comburent oil tank shall also be set with fire dike or firewall around.
6.2.7 For power plant adopting air cooling unit, whether adopting direct air cooling system or indirect
air cooling system shall be determined reasonably through technical and economic comparison
according to the meteorological data on air cooling and in combination with such conditions as terrain,
geology, railway special line connection and land used for cooling tower facilities. The arrangement
of air cooling facilities shall meet the following requirements:
1 The orientation of the directly air-cooled platform shall be determined comprehensively

according to factors such as the prevailing wind direction of high temperature strong wind all year
around, in summer and in winter in the area of air-cooled platform and at top of steam distributing
pipe and also giving consideration to operating safety and economical efficiency of air cooling unit,
and shall avoid the summer high temperature strong wind prevailing wind direction coming from the
backside of boiler.
2 The directly air-cooled platform should be arranged at the outer side of Row A of main plant
building, by this time, the transformer, electrical distribution room and oil storage tank should be
arranged below the platform, but it shall be guaranteed that the support position of air-cooled platform
does not affect the installation of transformer and the fire fighting and repair transportation channels.
3 Except that the indirect air cooling tower is used as exhaust fume cooling tower, it should be
arranged near to the steam turbine room so as to shorten the length of circulating water pipeline.
6.2.8 The design criteria for special line of power plant shall meet the relevant requirements of the
current national standard Code for Design of Standard Track Gauge Railway in Industrial Enterprises
GBJ 12. The wiring of railway special line shall be planned at one time according to the planning
capacity and be constructed by stages on basis of the coal consumption, coal unloading mode, oil
consumption for boiler ignition and low-load combustion supporting of the power plant.
6.2.9 For power plant mainly adopting water transportation, the construction scale and plane layout
of its wharf shall be arranged overall according to the planning capacity of power plant, the plant site,
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Table 6.2.5 Minimum Spacing Between Buildings (Structures) of Power Plant (m)
Fire resistance rating

Natural Mechanical Outdoor coal Building in front
of Categories C, D Outdoor Railway centerline In-plant road (roadside)
Name of buildings and draft draft unloading Comburent of plant Out-plant road Enclosure
and E buildings distribution
structures cooling cooling device or coal oil tank (roadside) wall
Class I device Class I Class In the Out of
Class III tower tower yard Primary Secondary
and II and II III plant the plant
Fire resistance Class I

10 12 10 20 10 12 5~6m for the one 1.5m for the one without exit, 3m for the
rating of and II
15~30 15~30 15 with exit 3~5m for one with exit but without approach road, 5
Categories C, D
Class III 12 14 12 25 12 14 the one without exit and 6m for the one with approach road
and E buildings
Outdoor distribution device 10 12 25 10 12 1.5
Main transformer or outdoor

25~40 40~60 50
auxiliary transformer 12 15 40 15 20
(weight of oil: <10t/set)

Natural draft cooling tower 15~30 25~40 0.4D~0.5D 40~50 25~30 20 30 25 15 25 10 10
Mechanical draft cooling

15~30 40~60 40~50 40~45 25 35 35 20 35 15 15
tower
Outdoor coal unloading 15

15 50 25~30 40~45 10 5 1.5 5
device or coal yard 25 when storing lignite
Comburent oil tank 20 25 25 20 25 25 32 30 20 15 10 5 5

25
Liquid ammonia tank 12 15 30 20 25 25 30 35 25 20 15 10 10
when
Class I 15
storing 5~6m for the one
Building in front 10 12 20 20 6 7 3m for the one with exit and 1.5m for
and II 30 35 with exit 3~5m for 5
lignite
of plant the one without exit
Class III 12 14 12 25 7 8 the one without exit
Enclosure wall 5 5 10 15 5 5 3.5 3.5 2.0 1.0
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Note: The minimum spacing between the natural draft cooling tower (mechanical draft cooling tower) and the buildings such as main control building, unit control building and computer room shall adopt
30m, and that for the rest buildings all shall adopt 15m~20m (except that the minimum spacing for hydraulic facilities adopts 15m, that of the rest all adopts 20m) and shall not be less than 2 times of
the air inlet height of tower;
It is the clear distance from the zero-mark (water surface) outer wall of cooling tower to the framework edge of outdoor distribution device, which is 40m when the cooling tower is located on the
windward side in winter prevailing wind direction of outdoor distribution device and is 25m when the cooling tower is located on the leeward side in winter prevailing wind direction;
It adopts 40m in non-severe cold region or the leeside of dominant wind direction of the whole year and adopts 60m in severe cold region or the windward side of the prevailing wind direction of the
whole year;
D is the tower diameter at the lower edge of the inlet and outlet of natural draft counterflow cooling tower (the diameter at the intersection point of herringbone column with water surface) and is the
diameter of adjacent relatively big tower; where the cooling towers are arranged not in form of tower group, the spacing of towers should be 0.45D, which may be appropriately reduced under distance
circumstance but shall not be less than 4 times of the height of standard air inlet; where the cooling towers are arranged in form of tower group, the of towers should be 0.5D, which may be
appropriately reduced under distance circumstance but shall not be less than 0.45D; if the spacing is less than 0.5D, the cooling towers shall be required to take the measures to reduce the negative
pressure load of wind;
Spacing between mechanical draft cooling towers shall meet the requirements of the current national standard Code for Design of Cooling for Industrial Recirculating Water GB/T 50102; where
tower row is arranged in line, the clear distance between tower ends shall not be less than 4m; where the tower rows are in parallel and staggered arrangement, the clear distance between tower ends
shall not be less than 4 times of the air inlet height.
19
the natural conditions of waterway and the coal handling facilities in the plant, and shall also meet the
1 The planning and design of wharf shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national
standard Code for Design of River Port Engineering GB 50192 and the current professional
standard Design Code of General Layout for Sea Port JTJ 211.
2 The wharf shall be set in the district with suitable water depth, stable waterway, relatively
weak sand movement, smooth water flow and better geological conditions, and should be coordinated
with the terrain elevation of land area.
3 The wharf apron shall be possessed of adequate open water area. For the distance between
wharf and cooling water inlet and outlet, the mutual influence between them shall be taken into
consideration and the distance shall be reasonably determined through sufficient demonstration by
model test.
6.2.10 The design of roads in power plant shall meet the relevant requirements of the current
national standard Specifications for the Design of Factory and Mine Roads GBJ 22.
6.2.11 Carriageways, fire lanes and sidewalks shall be built between the buildings in the plant
according to the demands of production, living and fire fighting. For the power plant in mountainous
area, if it is difficult to build circular fire lane, the end fire lane may be set along the long side and the
turning lane, or the turnaround shall be set. Around the main plant building, distribution device, coal
storage yard, liquid ammonia storage area and comburent oil tank area, circular fire lanes shall be set.
6.2.12 Main roads in the plant area should adopt the cement pavement or bituminous pavement.
6.2.13 The carriageway width of the main roads in plant area should be 6m~7m, and the width of
minor road may be 3.5m~4m. The width of pedestrian approach road leading to the entrance/exit of
building should correspond to the gate width.
6.2.14 The vertical layout of the plant area of power plant shall take comprehensive consideration of
factors such as requirements of production technology, engineering geology, hydrometeorology,
earthwork quantity and base treatment, and shall meet the following requirements:
1 In such plant area without flood control levee or embankment, the design elevation of the
outdoor terrace in main plant building area shall be 0.5m higher than the design high water level. If
the plant area is set with flood control levee or embankment and meets the flood control requirements,
the site elevation in the plant may be lower than the design flood level. However, reliable waterlogging
control measures must be available.
2 Determination of the elevation of all buildings (structures), railways and roads shall meet the
production use and the convenience for maintenance. The elevation and arrangement of foundation,
pipeline, pipe support, pipe ditch, tunnel and basement in the overground and underground facilities
shall be arranged in an unified way with the purpose of reaching reasonable intersection, convenience
for maintenance and extension and unobstructed water drainage.
3 It shall minimize the earthwork quantity of this engineering and the extension stage and the
investment in base treatment and site arrangement cost, and shall strive to balance the earthwork
quantity within the range of plant area and construction site. Where the fill and excavation volume
cannot reach balance, the earth borrowing or discarding place shall be made certain.
20
4 The minimum grade and slope direction of plant site shall make ground rain rapidly be
discharged and shall be corresponding to arrangement of building, road and its rain inspection shaft
and gully; they shall be determined according to factors such as local rainfall and site soil conditions.
The minimum grade and slope direction of the plant site shall be according to the principle of
removing the surface water, shall correspond to the arrangement of rainwater inspection wells and
gutter inlets of buildings, roads and site, and shall be determined according to factors such as local
rainfall precipitation and site soil quality conditions.
5 Vertical layout of power plant located in hilly area shall rationally utilize the terrain, save
earthwork quantity and guarantee the stability of side slope and retaining wall under the premise of
meeting process requirements,.
6.2.15 Where the slope grade of physical relief in the plant area is larger than 3%, stepped arrangement
should be adopted. The division of steps shall take consideration of the production demand, convenience
for communication and transportation and the reasonable arrangement of underground facilities. At
the junction of two steps, the side slope stabilizing measures shall be fully considered according to the
geological conditions.
6.2.16 The design of the drainage system at plant site shall be comprehensively considered according
to factors such as terrain, engineering geology and groundwater level, and shall meet the following
requirements:
1 Design of drainage system at site shall be fully considered according to the planning capacity
and shall make the water drainage in each engineering stage be unblocked. Water drainage systems
such as the system in the main pipe inspection well with rainwater outlet being connected to the sewer
system of urban type roads, or the system with open ditch being connected to the rainwater drainage
system of the highway type roads may be adopted according to actual conditions. If conditions permit,
gravity drainage shall be adopted. For power plant of stepped arrangement, each step shall be provided
with drainage measures. For power plant in mountainous area or hilly area, facilities preventing
mountain torrent from flowing into the plant area shall be provided at the boundary of plant area.
2 Where the outdoor trench is higher than the design floor elevation, water discharge measures
shall be taken or drainage measures shall be set on both sides of the trench.
3 Drainage facilities shall be provided surrounding the coal yard to prevent rainwater outside
coal yard from flowing into the coal yard and rainwater in the coal yard from flowing out of the coal
yard. In coal yard, clarification tank and facilities for cleaning coal slime shall be set.
6.2.17 The determination of the zero-mark elevation of building shall give consideration to factors
such as building function, transportation liaison, site water drainage and geological conditions, the
zero elevation shall be 0.15m~0.30m higher than the design elevation of outdoor ground. In soft soil
area, the influence of the indoor and outdoor settlement difference shall be taken into consideration.
6.2.18 The main pipe supports, pipelines and pipe ditches in plant area shall be unifiedly planned
and centralizedly arranged according to the planning capacity, adequate pipeline corridors shall be
remained.
Pipe supports, pipelines and pipe ditches should be arranged along roads. The underground
pipelines and pipe ditches should be laid outside the travelling portion of roads.
6.2.19 The arrangement of overhead pipelines and underground pipelines shall meet the following
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requirements:
1 The flow path shall be reasonable and convenient for construction and overhaul.
2 Secondary hazard shall not occur when the pipeline is out of order, especially that sewage
shall be prevented from penetrating into the domestic water supply pipeline and harmful and flammable
gas from penetrating into other trenches and basement.
3 Mechanical damage and shall be avoided.
4 Liquid in pipeline shall be avoided freezing.
5 Cable trenches and cable tunnels shall be protected against the seepage of surface water,
ground water and water in other pipe ditches and shall be protected against any water back flowing
into them.
6 Cable trenches and cable tunnels shall be set with fire partition at the place entering into the
building or at an appropriate distance and district, and the fire partition of cable tunnel shall be set
with fire door.
6.2.20 The horizontal distance from pipe ditches and underground pipelines to buildings, railways,
roads and other pipelines as well as the vertical distance when the pipelines intersect shall be comp-
rehensively determined according to factors such as buried depth of underground pipeline and pipe
ditch, foundation structure of building, construction and overhaul. Where the high-voltage overhead
line is arranged by intersecting with road, railway or other pipeline, it shall be kept with necessary
safe clearance according to requirements.
6.2.21 Laying mode of pipelines in plant area shall meet the following requirements:
1 The pipelines that of centralized overhead arrangement conditions should be laid by adopting
integrated pipe supports; in areas where is with relatively high underground water level, corrosive soil
or small buried depth of bed rock, and adverse to construction of underground pipe ditch, integrated
pipe support should be preferred.
2 The production, domestic and fire water supply pipes and the rainwater and sewage drain
pipes should be laid underground.
3 Ash and slag pipe, limestone slurry pipe, calcium plaster liquid pipe, hydrogen pipe, compressed
air pipe, comburent oil pipe, ammonia pipe and heating pipe should be laid overhead.
4 The acid liquor and alkali liquor pipes may be laid in ditches or overhead. If conditions
permit, the ash pipe should be laid according to low support or pipe sleeper. The pipelines whose
malfunction may sharpen hazard should not be laid in one ditch.
5 According to actual conditions, cables in plant area may be adopted with the directly-buried,
ditch, rack pipe, tunnel or overhead laying. The cables shall not be laid in the same ditch as other
pipelines.
6.2.22 the minimum horizontal clear distance between underground pipelines and between underground
pipelines and buildings (structures), the minimum vertical clear distance of crossover pipe supports
(pipelines) crossing over railways or roads and the minimum horizontal clear distance between
crossover pipe supports (pipelines) and buildings (structures) shall meet the relevant requirements of
the current professional standard Technical Code of General Plan Transportation Design for Fossil
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Fuel Power Plants DL/T 5032.
6.3 External Planning of Plant Area
6.3.1 The off-site facilities of power plant include communication and transportation, water supply
and drainage, ash and slag delivery and treatment, electric transmission line and heating pipeline,
living area and construction area, etc., and they shall be comprehensively considered and planned on
the basis of determining the plant site and making certain of every primary system in the plant and
according to the planning capacity of power plant and natural conditions at the plant site.
6.3.2 The off-site communication and transportation planning of power plant shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The junction of railway special line shall be performed on the state or local railway lines or
the special line of other industrial enterprises. The junction of special line shall not be performed on
interval line, shall avoid cutting the main line of junction station and shall make full use of the capacity
of existing facilities so as not to excessively increase the reconstruction cost of junction station. The
fuel and freight transportation trains of power plant should give priority to the freight handover mode
of sending heavy and taking empty. The power plant should not set the front interchange station.
2 For the power plant mainly adopting water transportation, if the wharf is arranged outside the
plant area or the power plant needs to share wharf with other enterprises, it shall coordinate with the
planning department and related enterprise, make certain of the construction possibility and construction
cost and the operation mode after completion, come to necessary agreement and guarantee the
favorable communication and transportation channel between wharf and power plant area.
3 Primary access road of power plant shall be connected with the existing urban and rural
highways at a nearby place, the connection should be short and convenient for traveling, should avoid
intersecting with railway line. Where the access road crosses with the railway line in parallel, the
guarded railway grade crossing and other safety facilities shall be set.
4 The plant area shall be connected with the out-plant water supply and drainage buildings,
water source area, wharf, ash storage yard and living area by roads, and the existing roads may be
used or the accommodation roads may be set.
5 The main access road should be 7m wide and may be adopted with the cement concrete or
bituminous pavement; other out-plant accommodation road may be 4m wide, and may also be 3.5m
wide under difficult conditions; the criteria for special ash transportation road and coal access road
shall be reasonably determined according to factors such as the transportation volume and the
transportation and unloading conditions.
6.3.3 The out-plant water supply and drainage facilities planning of power plant shall be reasonably
arrange through scheme comparison and selection according to planning capacity, water source, terrain
conditions, environmental protection requirements and relationship between the current period and
extension, and shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where the direct-flow water supply system is adopted, the arrangement of the water intake
and discharge structures and bankside (or central) pump house and the path selection of circulating
pipe (or ditch) shall be done well.
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2 For the circulating water supply system and domestic water supply system, the stationing of
the out-plant water sources (or collecting tanks) and make-up water pump house and the path selection
of make-up water pipe shall be done well.
3 The hydroenergy reclaiming and water recycling shall be taken into consideration.
6.3.4 The flood (waterlogging) control and drainage planning of power plant shall be done well in
combination with the actual conditions of engineering and the existing flood (waterlogging) control
and drainage facilities shall be fully used. Where they must be constructed, the flood (waterlogging)
control embankment and flood (waterlogging) drainage ditch or water retaining wall may be selected
in accordance with local conditions.
6.3.5 The design of the out-plant ash and slag treatment facilities shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where valley ash storage yard is adopted, the ash water of ash storage yard shall be avoided
to hazard the life of residents in neighboring villages, and the influence of flood discharge structure on
the downstream shall be taken into consideration, and the design shall be determined through comprehensive
study in combination with the local planning flood control capacity. Where the ash storage yard is
located at rivers or bottomland, Influence on watercourse due to the construction of ash embankment
shall be taken into consideration and document agreed by relevant department shall be obtained.
2 The ash pipeline should be laid along road or edge of river network, the district with small
height difference and few climbing, crossover and turning shall be selected, and the influence on
agricultural cultivation shall be avoided.
3 Where the ash and slag are delivered by automobiles or ships, the traffic capacity of highway
or watercourse and wharf and the possible pollution effect on environment shall be sufficiently
studied, and corresponding measures shall be taken.
6.3.6 The transmission line corridor of power plant shall be planned overall according to the planning
capacity of power plant and construction scale of the engineering in this phase based on the urban and
rural overall planning and power system planning, direction of electric transmission line, voltage
grade and loop number, and shall avoid intersection.
6.3.7 Out-plant heating pipeline shall be reasonably planned and shall be coordinated with the
overall planning of plant area.
6.3.8 Construction area of power plant shall be planned overall according to the planning capacity,
shall rationally utilize the terrain, reduce site leveling earthwork quantity, avoid the large area damage
of the surface soil layer of construction area, and prevent water and soil loss.
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7 Layout of Main Plant Building
7.1.1 Layout of the main plant building of power plant shall meet the thermal and electric production
technological flow and shall achieve compact and reasonable layout of equipment; the pipeline
connection shall be short, simple and regular, and the layout of plant buildings shall be concise and
bright.
7.1.2 Layout of main plant building shall create conditions for safe operation and easy handling and
shall achieve that the patrol inspection channel is unobstructed. The air quality, ventilation, daylighting,
lighting and noise in plant building shall meet the requirements of the current relevant national
standards. The special equipment shall be taken with corresponding protective measures to meet the
relevant requirements such as fire prevention, explosion protection, corrosion protection, freezing
prevention and gas defense.
7.1.3 Layout of main plant building shall be determined through technical and economic comparison
according to factors such as natural conditions, overall planning, characteristics of primary and auxiliary
equipment, construction site and extension conditions.
7.1.4 Layout of main plant building shall be determined according to layout requirements in the
professional design of all technologies in the plant area and comprehensive main plant building of the
power plant as well as the extension conditions of power plant. The extended plant building should be
in harmony with the original plant building.
7.1.5 In the main plant building, necessary overhaul lifting facilities and overhaul site as well as the
transport channel required by the overhauling of equipment and components shall be set.
7.2 Layout of Main Plant Building
7.2.1 Layout pattern of main plant building should be arranged in accordance with the sequence of
steam turbine room, deaerator bay (or combined deaerator and coal-bunker bay), bunker bay and
boiler house. Where other layout pattern is adopted, the layout pattern shall be determined through
technical and economic comparison.
7.2.2 Layout of main plant building shall be coordinated with the layout of outgoing line of power
plant, position of intake and drain pipes of circulating water, pipe rack of heating network, main
control building (room), adjoined room of steam turbine room and its surrounding ring roads.
7.2.3 The determination of the elevation of each storey of the main plant building shall meet the
1 For the two-storey boiler house and steam turbine room, their operation floor should adopt
the same elevation. The operation floor of steam turbine room should adopt the isolated layout type.
2 Elevation of the deaerator floor shall guarantee that the feed pump or inlet of its booster
pump does not have vaporization under the various operating conditions of steam turbine.
Where the climate and layout conditions are appropriate and the deaerator bay is not combined
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with bunker bay, the deaerator and water supply tank should adopt outdoor layout.
3 Elevation of the coal feeder floor of bunker bay shall meet the following requirements:
1) The elevation of coal feeder floor of the circulating fluidized bed boiler shall take
consideration of the coal feed point elevation of boiler (including coal-spreading device),
the required stage number of coal feeder, coal feeding distance, and space required by
layout of outlet valve of coal feeder, etc..
2) The elevation of coal feeder floor of pulverized coal fired boiler shall be determined by
the space required for the coal mill (excluding fan mill), pulverized coal feed pipeline
and its overhaul lifting devices. If conditions permit, the elevation of this floor should be
consistent with that of the boiler operation floor. The elevation of coal feeder floor of fan
mill shall take consideration of layout of drying section.
4 The elevation of the bunker floor of bunker bay shall be in accordance with the operation
shift system of coal handling system, and the effective volume of the raw coal bunker of each boiler
(including the pulverized coal bunker of bin storage type pulverizing system, excluding the raw coal
bunker corresponding to the standby coal mill of direct-firing pulverizing system) shall meet the
1) For double shift system of coal handling system that is thought to be reasonable after
technical and economical comparison, the effective volume may be considered according
to the coal consumption of 12h~14h under the boiler rated evaporating capacity.
2) For three-shift system of coal handling system, the effective volume may be considered
according to the coal consumption of 10h~12h under the boiler rated evaporating
capacity.
3) For circulating fluidized bed boiler firing low calorific value coal, the effective volume
may be considered according to the coal consumption of 8h~10h under the boiler rated
evaporating capacity.
4) For circulating fluidized bed boiler firing lignite, the effective volume may be considered
according to the coal consumption of 6h~8h meeting the boiler rated evaporating capacity.
5) The effective volume of pulverized coal bunker may be considered according to the coal
consumption of 3h~4h under the boiler rated evaporating capacity.
7.2.4 Where deaerator and water supply tank are set below the unit control room, the top
plate of unit control room must adopt integral concreting, and the floor surface of deaerator
floor must be with reliable waterproof measures.
7.2.5 The column space and span of main plant building shall be determined according to the capacity
and layout pattern of boiler and steam turbine and in combination with the planning capacity.
7.2.6 With suitable meteorological conditions, the boiler with capacity of or above 65t/h should
adopt outdoor or semi-outdoor layout and should also adopt the isolated layout type, i.e. the boiler
operation floor is not set with large platform. The outdoor boiler shall be taken with effective
measures against freezing, rain, corrosion and wind pressure and measures reducing heat loss. The
dedusting equipment shall be set outdoors and the dry dust removing hopper shall be taken with
anti-condensation measures. In non-severe cold regions, the induced draft fan of boiler should be set
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outdoors. Where the boiler is set outdoors in isolated layout type, the blower and primary fan should
also adopt outdoor layout. Auxiliary machine set outdoors shall be with antinoise measures and its
motor should adopt the totally enclosed outdoor type.
7.2.7 Design of raw coal bunker and pulverized coal bunker shall meet the following requirements:
1 Type of the boiler raw coal bunker shall be determined in combination with the layout
conditions of main plant building.
2 The inner wall of the raw coal bunker with non-circular silo structure shall be smooth and
wearproof, the included angle between the intersecting line of two adjacent walls and the horizontal
plane shall not be less than 55, the intersection angle of the wall surface and the horizontal plane
shall not be less than 60. For lignite and the bituminite with high viscosity or inflammability, the
included angle between the intersecting line of two adjacent walls and the horizontal plane shall not
be less than 65, and the intersection angle of the wall surface and the horizontal plane shall not be
less than 70. The inner side of the intersecting line of adjacent walls shall be made into shape of
circular arc, and the arc radius should be 200mm. For circulating fluidized bed boiler, the included
angle between the wall surface at outlet section of raw coal bunker and the horizontal plane shall not
be less than 70.
3 Raw coal bunker shall be adopted with large outlet section. For pulverized fuel fired boiler,
circular hyperbola or conoid small metal coal hopper should be set below the outlet of raw coal
bunker. For coal prone to block up, stainless clad steel plate, lined stainless steel plate or other smooth
flame-retardant wear-resistant material should be adopted at the outlet section of raw coal bunker. The
outer wall of metal coal bunker should be set with vibration device or other anti-blockage device.
4 In severe cold region, for the raw coal bunker with steel structure, the reinforced concrete
raw coal bunker near to the external wall of plant building or the exposed one, the bunker wall shall
be set with anti-freezing insulation device.
5 Raw coal bunker shall be set with the coal level measurement device.
6 Design of pulverized coal bunker shall meet the following requirements:
1) The pulverized coal bunker shall be tightly closed with opening as few as possible. All
opening must be with reliable sealed structure. The pulverized coal feeding and discharging
devices of pulverized coal bunker must be with gas locking function.
2) The internal surface of pulverized coal bunker shall be flat, smooth and wearproof without
pulverized coal deposition, its geometrical shape and structure shall make the pulverized
coal be capable of flow smoothly.
3) For other coal types except anthracite, the pulverized coal bunker should be set with
automatic open/close explosion-proof door.
4) Pulverized coal bunker shall be protected against heat and damp. In severe cold region,
the metal pulverized coal bunker and the concrete pulverized coal bunker near to the
external wall of plant building or the exposed concrete pulverized coal bunker shall be
taken with anti-freezing insulation measures.
5) The included angle between the intersecting line of two adjacent walls of pulverized coal
bunker and the horizontal plane shall not be less than 60, and the intersection angle of
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the wall surface and horizontal plane shall not be less than 65. The inner side of the
intersecting line of two adjacent walls shall be made into shape of circular arc and the
arc radius should be 200mm.
6) The length-diameter ratio of pulverized coal bunker shall be less than 5:1. For rectangular
pulverized coal bunker, the equivalent diameter is taken as the reference value.
7) The pulverized coal bunker shall be equipped with facilities for measuring pulverized
coal level and temperature and for fire extinction, moisture absorption and pulverized
coal placing.
7.2.8 Equipment and pipeline layout of lubricating oil system of steam turbine shall be far away
from the high temperature steam pipeline. The oil system shall be taken with fire control measures
and shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard Code for Design of Fire
Protection for Fossil Fuel Power Plants and Substations GB 50229.
7.2.9 Desuperheater, decompressor and heating network heater should be arranged in the main plant
building.
7.3 Overhaul Facilities
7.3.1 The ground floor of the steam turbine room shall be set with centralized installation and overhaul
site. Its area shall be able to meet the requirements of overhauling and lifting heavy objects and
cylinder turning of steam turbine. Every 2~4 units should be set with one zero-mark overhaul site.
7.3.2 Arrangement of crane in steam turbine room should meet the following requirements:
1 Where two or more 100MW units are installed, 2 electric overhead travelling cranes should
be set.
2 Where more than four 50MW units are installed, 2 electric overhead travelling cranes should
be set.
3 One electric overhead travelling crane shall be set in the steam turbine room of the unit with
capacity less than Grade 50MW.
4 The lifting capacity shall be determined according to overhauling and lifting the heaviest
object (excluding generator stator).
5 Elevation of rail top of crane shall meet the requirements for the maximum lifting height to
lift articles.
6 Lifting capacity and elevation of rail top of the crane shall take the capacity of the unit to be
extended as planned.
7.3.3 The following parts of the main plant building shall be set with necessary overhaul lifting
facilities:
1 The boiler top in boiler house. The lifting capacity of electric lifting device should be 0.5t~1t
and the lifting height shall be from 0m to the boiler top platform.
2 The place above rotating equipment such as blower, induced draft fan, coal mill, pulverized
coal exhauster and primary fan.
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3 Coal bunker floor in bunker bay. The lifting capacity of electric lifting device should be
0.5t~1t, and the lifting height shall be from 0m or the operation floor to the coal bunker floor.
4 The place where overhead traveling crane of steam turbine room is limited to lift: equipment
and components such as calorifier, water pump, and end cap of steam condenser.
7.3.4 Operation floor of steam turbine room shall be reserved with the site and space required for
drawing out the generator rotor by using overhead traveling crane. The ground floor of steam turbine
room shall be reserved with the spatial positions for drawing and assembling the cooling tube of
steam condenser.
7.3.5 The layout of boiler house shall be reserved with overhauling space and transportation channel
for disassembling/assembling air preheater and economizer.
7.3.6 Number of lifts and layout pattern of the main plant building shall meet the following req-
uirements:
1 For 130t/h~220t/h boilers, every 3~4 boilers should be set with one lift.
2 For 410t/h boilers, every 2 boilers should be set with one lift.
3 Lift should adopt passenger-goods lift, its lifting capacity shall be 1t~2t and its lifting speed
should not be less than 1m/s.
4 The lift should be set at the position near to the front of boiler and between the control room
and boiler, and shall be able to stop at all the main platform floors in boiler body.
5 At the shaft bottom of lift, drainage facility shall be set and the capacity of drainage shaft
shall not be less than 2m3.
7.4 Comprehensive Facilities
7.4.1 The arrangement of pipeline valves in main plant building shall be convenient for inspection
and operation. Place where is difficult to access and is possessed of valves that need frequent
operation and maintenance should be set with platform, stairs or be installed with driving device to
lead to the floor (ground) for easy operating.
7.4.2 Arrangement of channels and stairs in main plant building shall meet the following requirements:
1 The basement floor and operation floor of main plant building shall be set with penetrating
and straight-through longitudinal channel. The channel width shall meet the following requirements:
1) At the side of steam turbine room near to Row A column, the width should not be less
than 1m.
2) At the side of steam turbine room near to Row B column, the width should not be less
than 1.4m.
3) For the distance in front of boiler in boiler house, the width should be 2m~3m for Grade
220t/h or below and should not be larger than 4.5m for Grade 410t/h.
2 Transverse channel for operation and overhauling use shall be set between steam turbine
room and boiler house.
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3 Each boiler shall be set with the stairs connecting the operation floor and the basement floor.
4 For each steam turbine of double-storey layout, the up and down connection stairs shall be
set from the operation floor to the basement floor.
7.4.3 The underground trench, melt pit and cable tunnel of main plant building shall be provided
with the waterproof and drainage facilities.
7.4.4 The floor of each storey of bunker bay shall be set with rinsing water source and shall be
capable of water drainage; the main storeys of main plant building shall be provided with refuse removal
facilities, and the operation floor and basement floor should be built with toilets.
7.4.5 One emergency oil basin shall be set at proper place outside the steam turbine room. The
capacity of this oil basin shall be determined by comparing the oil volume of the biggest transformer
and that of the oil system of the biggest steam turbine set, and this emergency oil basin should be set
with oil water separation facilities.
7.4.6 The turbine, boiler and electric control rooms should be centralizedly arranged, and multiple
units may also share one central control room. The control room shall be built with two entrances/
exits, while it may be built with one entrance/exit if its area is less than 60m2, and its clear height shall
not be less than 3.2m.
7.4.7 Control room and electronic equipment room must not be passed through with any
process pipeline of steam, water, oil or pulverized coal, etc..
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8 Coal Handling System
8.1.1 The design of the coal handling system of constructed power plant shall be in accordance with
local conditions, shall make overall planning according to factors such as the planning capacity of
power plant, variety of fire coal, natural conditions and coal incoming mode, and if necessary, technical
and economic comparison shall be conducted in relation to the construction by stages or one-stage
completion.
8.1.2 The design of the coal handling system of extended power plant shall make arrangement in
combination with the production system and layout characteristics of the former plant, shall rationally
utilize the original facilities and take full consideration of the influence on production due to extension
construction.
8.1.3 Coal handling system should be adopted with belt conveyor for coal handling. If the total coal
consumption is less than 60t/h, single path system may be adopted; if the total coal consumption is
larger than or equal to 60t/h, the double path system may be adopted.
8.1.4 Determination of the day and night operating time of coal handling system shall meet the
1 Operating time with double-shift system should not be larger than 11h.
2 Operating time with three-shift system should not be larger than 16h.
3 Working system of coal handling system shall be coordinated with the total effective volume
of boiler coal bunker.
8.1.5 Output of coal handling system shall be determined according to the total coal consumption
per hour of all the operating boilers of the plant at the rated evaporation (hereinafter referred to as
total coal consumption) and shall meet the following requirements:
1 The double-path coal handling system should operate by adopting three-shift working system,
and the output of each path of system shall not be less than 135% of the total coal consumption.
2 The single-path coal handling system should operate by adopting double-shift working system,
and its output shall not be less than 300% of the total coal consumption.
8.2 Coal Unloading Facilities and External Transportation
8.2.1 Where coal is transported by railway, the output of coal unloading device shall be determined
according to the maximum coal incoming quantity by the railway of the corresponding unit as well as
the conditions of coming vehicles. The unloading time and the quantity of approaching vehicles at one
time shall be determined through negotiation with the railway department. The quantity of approaching
vehicles at one time shall match with the tonnage rating of the approaching railway special line.
Where single-path coal unloading by slot type coal hopper is adopted, the effective length of coal
hopper should match with the number after grouping the quantity of vehicles approaching at one time.
8.2.2 In slot type coal hopper, if single-path belt conveyor is adopted, one standby impeller coal
31
feeder shall be equipped.
8.2.3 Where coal is transported by waterway, the planning and design of wharf shall meet the
relevant requirements of the current national standard Code for Design of River Port Engineering
GB 50192 and the current professional standard Design Code of General Layout for Sea Port JTJ
211. The gross rated output of coal unloading machine shall be determined according to the
throughput capacity of berth and through negotiation with the shipping department, and it should not
be less than 300% of the total coal consumption of whole plant. The quantity of coal unloading machine
installed in the whole plant shall not be less than 2.
8.2.4 Where coal is transported by automobiles, the transport vehicles shall preferentially utilize the
social transportation capacity, and the power plant should not set self-supply coal handling automobiles.
8.2.5 Where part or all the fire coal is transported by automobiles, the receiving station in corre-
sponding scale shall be set in the plant according to the annual coal incoming amount transported by
automobiles and shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where the power plants annual coal incoming amount transported by automobiles is less
than or equal to 30104t, the receiving station should be arranged by combining with the coal yard,
and one or several areas in the coal yard may be used as the receiving station.
2 Where the power plants annual coal incoming amount transported by automobiles is 30104t~
60104t, the receiving station may adopt the arrangement mode with several coal receiving hoppers
connected in series.
3 Where the power plants annual coal incoming amount transported by automobiles is larger
than 60104t, the receiving station may adopt the coal unloading device with slot type coal hopper.
4 Where the fire coal is transported mainly by non-dump trucks, the receiving station should be
set with unloading machine.
8.2.6 For power plant near to coal source, the external transportation may adopt single-path belt
conveyor or other or other modes, which shall be determined through technical and economic comparison.
8.3 Belt Conveyor System
8.3.1 For the belt conveyor adopting ordinary rubber belt, the tilt angle shall not be larger than 16 if
the belt conveyor conveys the raw coal in front of the coal crusher and shall not be larger than 18 if
the belt conveyor conveys the fine coal behind the coal crusher.
8.3.2 The semi closed or closed type coal handling trestle should be adopted. Where the meteorological
conditions are suitable, the coal handling trestle may be set outdoors, but the rubber belt of conveyor
shall be set with shield. In cold and sandy regions, the closed type coal handling trestle shall be adopted
and shall be set with heating facilities.
8.3.3 Dimensions of the channel of coal handling trestle and underground tunnel shall meet the
1 The clear width of moving channel shall not be less than 1 m, and the clear width of overhaul
channel shall not be less than 0.7m.
2 The clear height of coal handling trestle with belt width no larger than 800mm shall not be
32
less than 2.2m and that of the coal handling trestle with belt width larger than 800mm shall not be less
than 2.5m.
3 Clear height of the underground tunnel of belt conveyor shall not be less than 2.5m.
8.4 Coal Storage Yard and Its Equipment
8.4.1 Total coal storage of coal storage yard shall be determined according to the transportation
conditions and coal incoming conditions, and shall meet the following requirements:
1 Power plant with coal transported by the state trunk railways, the capacity of coal storage
yard shall not be less than the coal consumption of 15d.
2 For the power plant with coal transported not by the state trunk railways, including the ones
with coal transported by road or belt conveyor, (excluding the power plant with unique coal source),
the capacity of coal storage yard should be coal consumption of 5d~10d of the whole plant. In specific
regions, the coal storage may be appropriately increased in combination with the influence of meteorological
conditions.
3 For power plant with coal transported by waterway, the total coal storage of coal storage yard
shall be determined according to the longest possible duration (which may be interrupted) of waterway
transport, and the capacity of coal storage yard shall not be less than coal consumption of 15d of the
whole plant.
4 For power plant firing lignite, under the condition of no effective measures against spontaneous
combustion, the capacity of coal storage yard should not be larger than coal consumption of 10d of the
whole plant.
5 The coal storage volume of heat supply unit shall be increased by coal consumption of 5d on
basis of the aforesaid standards.
8.4.2 Where the power plant is located in rainy region, the arrangement of dry-coal shed shall be
determined according to such conditions as the coal property, combustion system and equipment type
of coal yard, its capacity should not be less than the coal consumption of 4d of the whole plant; for the
power plant firing caking coal, the storage volume of dry-coal shed may be appropriately increased;
for the power plant adopting circulating fluidized bed boiler, the capacity of its dry-coal shed should
be the coal consumption of 4d~10d of the whole plant.
8.4.3 The output and quantity of equipment in coal storage yard shall meet the following requirements:
1 The coal stacking capability of equipment in coal storage yard shall match with the handling
capability of coal unloading device, and the coal collecting output shall match with the output of the
coal handling system of boiler house.
2 Where one stacker reclaimer is adopted as equipment of coal yard, the standby coal feeding
facilities with output no less than the output entering into the coal handling system of boiler house;
where such conveying machines as coal bulldozer and wheel loader are adopted as the main equipment
of coal storage yard, one standby machine shall be equipped.
3 For the multipurpose gantry type or bridge type coal grab, its gross rated output shall not be
less than 250% of the total coal consumption, output of coal unloading device and output of coal
handling system, whichever is largest, and no standby coal grab is equipped. However, one coal bulldozer
33
may be set for the auxiliary work of coal yard.
8.4.4 For the regions with high environmental protection requirement or with narrow site, the closed
or semi closed coal storage yard or the open coal storage yard with wind-proof and dust-control net
may be adopted.
8.4.5 The circular silo is used as the coal blending or buffering facility, its capacity should be the
coal consumption of 1d of the whole plant.
8.4.6 Where the physical properties of coal are suitable for adopting silo as coal storage facility of
power plant, necessary anti-blocking measures shall be set. If the silo stores lignite or spontaneously
flammable high volatile coal type, the silo shall also be set with explosion-proof, ventilating, temperature
monitoring and water spray cooling measures, and the coal storage time shall be strictly controlled.
8.5 Coal Screening and Crushing Equipment
8.5.1 Where the coal screening and crushing equipment need to be set in the coal handling system,
the pulverized coal fired boiler should adopt single level. The coal crusher should be set with bypass
channel.
8.5.2 Type selection of coal screening and crushing equipment shall meet the following requirements:
1 Coal that can easily coke or block the screen holes should be selected with the grate-free
high-speed hammer type or ring type coal crusher and should not be selected with vibrating screen.
2 Where the coal quality is hard or changeful, the heavy ring hammer type or reactive type coal
crusher should be selected.
8.5.3 The particle size of coal briquette after screening and crushing shall meet the requirements of
different types of boilers or coal mills:
1 For pulverized fuel fired boiler, the grain side should not be larger than 30mm.
2 For fluidized bed combustion boiler and circulating fluidized bed boiler, the particle size
should not be larger than 10mm.
3 Where the boiler factory has specific requirements for the particle size of as-fired coal of
circulating fluidized bed boiler, the coal screening and crushing equipment shall meet the requirements
of boiler.
8.5.4 For power plant adopting circulating fluidized bed boiler, the crushing system should adopt the
double-level crushing equipment, roller screen should be set before the coarse crusher, and fine coal
screen should be set before the fine crusher.
8.5.5 Where the particle size of raw coal block conforms to the requirements of coal mill or boiler
combustion, no coal crushing equipment may be set, but the corresponding installation position shall
be reserved. Where the coal contains many chunks or residues, the system should be set with de-chunking
device.
8.6 Storage and Preparation of Limestone
8.6.1 Limestone should not be stored in the open air, the storage volume of limestone should be the
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demand of 3d~7d of the whole plant. The limestone fed into the limestone pulverizing system shall be
guaranteed with moisture less than 1%.
8.6.2 Arrangement of the limestone crushing equipment shall meet the requirements for particle size
of limestone powder fed into boiler, the selection of crushing technology for the limestone preparation
and conveying system shall be determined according to the particle size fraction mixture ratio of the
approaching limestone. Where crushing technology above single level needs to be set, the discharging
granularity of the final-level crushing equipment shall meet the requirements of circulating fluidized
bed boiler.
8.7 Control Mode
8.7.1 Electric interlock, signal and necessary communication facilities shall be set between the
adjacent continuous coal handling equipment in coal handling system.
8.7.2 The control mode of coal handling system shall be determined according to the complexity of
system and the requirements of equipment on running and operation, may adopt centralized control,
automatic program control and local control mode. For the coal handling system adopting the automatic
program control or centralized control, the local control button may be set according to the control
requirements. The control room shall not be set at such site with heavy vibration and coal dust.
8.8 Auxiliary Facilities and Buildings for Coal Handling
8.8.1 In each path of coal handling system, one Level 1 iron separator shall be installed respectively
before the first transfer station after coal unloading facility, the outlet of belt conveyor in coal yard
and the coal crusher. Where the medium-speed coal mill or high-speed coal mill is adopted, a Level 1
iron separator shall be added after coal crusher.
8.8.2 The power plant shall be installed with metering devices for approaching coal and as-fired
coal; if conditions permit, the power plant should be installed with mechanical sampling devices for
approaching coal and as-fired coal.
8.8.3 The coal handling system shall be taken with the following anti-blocking measures:
1 The intersection angle of the wall surface of coal receiving hopper and coal transfer hopper
with the horizontal plane shall not be less than 60, and the included angle between the intersecting
line of two adjacent walls of rectangular coal receiving hopper and the horizontal plane shall not be
less than 55.
2 The tilt angle of the coal drop pipe in relation to the horizontal plane should not be less than
60. If the tilt angle cannot reach 60 due to the restriction of conditions, proper blockage eliminating
measures shall be adopted according to such conditions as moisture, grain composition and cohesiveness
of coal, like installing vibrator; however, in this case, the tilt angle of coal drop pipe still shall not be
less than 55.
8.8.4 The coal handling equipment shall be set with overhaul lifting facility and overhaul site.
8.8.5 Control of coal dust shall meet the following requirements:
1 The raw coal with low surface moisture and prone to generate dust may be humidified. The
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control of water amount used for humidifying shall not affect the normal operation of coal handling
system and combustion system and the efficiency of the boiler.
2 In layout of coal handling equipment, facilities used for floor cleaning shall be set. Where
water rinsing is adopted, the slime water discharge and sendimentation treatment facilities shall be set.
3 Where the height of drop at coal handling point is larger than 4.0m, the coal drop pipe should
be installed with gas locking baffle.
4 The coal transfer station and coal crusher room shall be provided with the measures against
flying coal dust. If necessary, dedusting facilities may be set.
5 For raw coal prone to generate dust and needing humidifying, the coal storage yard shall be
set with water spray humidifying equipment. The moisture of humidified raw coal may be determined
according to factors such as coal type, coal quality and grain composition but should not be larger than
8%.
6 For coal storage yard having significant impact on surrounding, dust screening facilities
should be set at place adjacent to the residential area.
8.8.6 Facilities such as office, duty room, shift turnover room, overhaul room, accessories storage,
storage shed, coal bulldozer house, bathroom and toilet that need to be set in the production workshop
of coal handling system may be constructed in combination and may also be shared with facilities of
other systems.
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9 Boiler Equipment and System
9.1 Boiler Equipment
9.1.1 Type selection of boiler shall meet the following requirements:
1 Circulating fluidized bed boiler, pulverized fuel fired boiler or boilers of other forms shall be
selected according to coal property conditions, engineering conditions and thermal load properties etc.
2 Equipment of the same type should be selected for boilers with same capacity.
3 Outdoor or half-outdoor boiler should be selected where weather conditions are suitable.
9.1.2 Quantity and capacity of the boiler in the thermal power plant shall be determined according to
technical and economical comparison of the design of heating load. When selecting the boiler capability,
steam admission amount of the turbine shall be accounted under the minimum thermal load conditions,
and the steam admission amount of the turbine shall not be less than the minimum stable combustion
load when the boiler is without oil filling.
9.1.3 On occasions without other thermal sources the turbine boiler configuration of the first phase
of the project in the thermal power plant should not be set with a single set of boiler.
9.1.4 In the thermal power plant, where the set of boiler with the largest capacity is out of service,
the rest boiler steam rate shall meet the following requirements:
1 Steam quantity used for production required by continuous production of the heat user.
2 60%~75% of the quantity of heat used for winter heating ventilation and livelihood, and the
severe cold region shall adopt the upper limit.
9.1.5 Where the power plant is in extension and the main steam pipeline adopts header system,
selection of boiler capability shall be calculated together with the original boiler capability.
9.1.6 Selection of boiler capability and quantity of the condensing power plant shall meet the following
requirements:
1 Boiler capacity shall match with the steam admission amount under the maximum turbine
condition.
2 One set of turbine generator should be arranged with one set of boiler, and the standby one
shall not be arranged.
9.2 Pulverized Coal Preparation
9.2.1 The form of the coal mill shall be determined according to coal characteristics of coal type,
potential coal type variation range, load property, and applicable conditions of the coal mill and through
technical and economical comparison, and shall meet the following requirements:
1 Steel ball coal mill should be selected when the power plant uses anthracite, low-volatiles
lean coal and the coal with strong abradability or when the coal type and property are difficult to fix.
Where technical and economical comparison is reasonable, double-inlet & double-outlet steel ball
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coal mill may be selected.
2 Where lignite with weak abradability, higher moisture, lower ash content and higher volatiles
is used for firing, the fan mill should be selected.
3 Where the coal property is suitable, it should give priority to select the medium speed coal
mill.
9.2.2 Selection of coal pulverizing system type shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where conventional steel ball coal mill is adopted, intermediate silo coal pulverizing system
shall be adopted; where double-inlet & double-outlet steel ball coal mill is adopted, direct-firing
pulverizing system shall be adopted.
2 Where high and medium speed coal mills are adopted, direct-firing pulverizing system shall
be adopted; where medium speed coal mill is adopted, the coal handling system shall be equipped
with relatively perfect facilities used for clearing off iron blocks, wood blocks, stone and massive coal
blocks, and facilities for clearing off pebble coal shall be considered.
3 Where medium speed coal mill and double-inlet & double-outlet steel ball coal mill are
adopted and the air pre-heater is able to meet the requirements, positive pressure cold primary air
direct-firing pulverizing system should be adopted.
4 For inflammable and explosive coal types, direct-firing pulverizing system should be adopted.
9.2.3 Selection of coal mill quantity and output shall meet the following requirements:
1 Quantity and output of coal mill in steel ball coal mill intermediate silo coal pulverizing
system shall meet the following requirements:
1) For the boiler of Grade 220t/h~410t/h, each boiler shall be installed with two sets of coal
mill, and standby coal mill shall not be installed. For boiler with capacity of Grade
130t/h and below, each boiler should be installed with one set of coal mill.
2) The calculation output of coal mills installed for each boiler under the maximum loading
capacity shall not be less than 115% of the required coal consumption under the rated
evaporating capacity of boiler according to the design coal, and shall not be less than the
required coal consumption under rated evaporating capacity of boiler according to check
coal.
3) Where each boiler is installed with two or more than two sets of coal mills, when one of
them is out of service, the rest coal mill (s) shall realize its (their) output according to the
calculation of design coal, and shall meet the load requirements of that the boiler without
oil filling and in stable combustion. If necessary, it may be fed with power by the adjacent
boiler while through the pulverized coal conveyer.
2 Quantity and output of coal mill of direct-firing pulverizing system shall meet the following
requirements:
1) Where the double-inlet & double-outlet steel ball coal mill direct-firing pulverizing
system is adopted, standby coal mill shall not be installed. For boiler of Grade 220t/h~
410t/h, each boiler shall be installed with two sets of coal mill; for boiler with the capacity
of Grade 130t/h or below, each boiler should be installed with one set of coal mill. The
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calculation output of coal mills installed for each boiler under the recommended steel
ball loading capacity in the manufacturing factory shall not be less than 115% of the
required coal consumption under the rated evaporating capacity of boiler according to
the design coal, and shall not be less than the required coal consumption under rated
evaporating capacity of boiler according to check coal.
2) Where high and medium speed coal mill direct-firing pulverizing system is adopted,
standby coal mill shall be installed. For boiler of Grade 220t/h~410t/h, each boiler shall
be installed with three sets of coal mills, one of them is for standby application; for boiler
with the capacity of Grade 130t/h or below, each boiler should be installed with two sets
of coal mill, and one of them is for standby application. The calculation output of the coal
mill shall be possessed of standby capability. When grinding the design coal, the total
output of coal mills excluding the standby one shall not be less than 110% of the required
coal consumption under the rated evaporating capacity of boiler. When grinding the check
coal, the total output of all coal mills shall not be less than the required coal consumption
under the rated evaporating capacity of boiler according to the state before overhaul.
9.2.4 Type, quantity and output of pulverized coal boiler feeder shall meet the following requirements:
1 Form of coal feeder shall be selected according to the equipment arrangement of coal pulverizing
system, requirements of boiler load, regulating performance of coal feeder and reliability of operation
as well as combining the measurement requirements etc.. Coal feeders in positive pressure direct-firing
pulverizing system must be possessed of well tightness and bearing capacity; coal feeders in bin
storage type pulverizing system shall also be possessed of better tightness to reduce air leak.
2 Type of coal feeder shall match the type of coal mill, and shall be selected according to the
1) For steel ball coal mill intermediate silo coal pulverizing system, scraper, belt type or
oscillatory coal feeder may be adopted.
2) For direct-firing pulverizing system, measurable belt type or scraper feeder with better
sealing and regulating performances shall be adopted.
3 Quantity of coal feeder shall match with the quantity of the coal mill. For unit arranged with
double-inlet & double-outlet steel ball coal mills, one set of coal mill shall be arranged with two sets
of coal feeders.
4 The calculation output of scraper and belt type coal feeders shall not be less than 110% of the
coal mill calculation output; the calculation output of oscillatory coal feeder shall not be less than
120% of the coal mill calculation output. For coal feeder arranged with double-inlet & double-outlet
steel ball coal mill, calculated output of single coal feeder shall not be less than the maximum coal
feeding volume requirements where the coal mill is operating in single side.
9.2.5 Boiler profile of circulating fluidized bed boiler etc. shall adopt symmetric coal feeding, and
the coal feeding equipment shall not be less than two sets. Where one set of the coal feeding equipment
is in failure, the output of the rest shall be able to meet the required coal consumption under the rated
evaporating capacity of boiler.
9.2.6 Quantity and the maximum output of pulverized coal feeder shall meet the following req-
uirements:
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1 Quantity of pulverized coal feeder shall be the same with the quantity of the boiler burner
primary air ports. Where the boiler is equipped with a pre-combustion chamber, pulverized coal feeder
with corresponding quantity shall be arranged additionally.
2 The maximum output of each pulverized coal feeder shall not be less than 130% maximum
design output of burner connected to it.
9.2.7 Bin storage type pulverizing system may be arranged with pulverized coal handling facilities
according to requirements. Pulverized coal handling equipment may be pulverized coal screw conveyer,
scraper pulverized coal conveyer, chain type pulverized coal conveyer or other types of pulverized
coal conveyer with reliable quality, and its arrangement principle and capacity shall meet the following
requirements:
1 Between pulverized coal bunkers of two sets of boilers with arrangement conditions, pulverized
coal conveyer connecting modes may be adopted.
2 The capability of pulverized coal conveyer shall not be less than the calculation output of one
largest coal connected with it.
3 Where the length of the pulverized coal conveyer is 40m or below, it shall adopt single-ended
drive; where the length is above 40m, double-ended driving should be adopted.
4 Pulverized coal conveyer shall have good tightness.
5 Pulverized coal handling equipment should not be arranged for high volatile bituminous coal
and lignite.
9.2.8 Quantity, air volume and pressure head allowance of mill exhauster shall meet the following
requirements:
1 Mill exhauster shall have the same quantity with coal mill.
2 Basic air volume of mill exhauster shall be determined according to thermal calculation for
coal pulverizing system of design coal.
3 Air volume allowance of mill exhauster shall not be less than 5%; pressure head allowance
shall not be less than 10%; maximum design point of fan shall be able to meet ventilation volume
where the coal mill is at maximum steel ball loading capacity.
9.2.9 Medium speed coal mill and double-inlet & double-outlet steel ball coal mill positive pressure
direct-firing pulverizing system shall be arranged with seal fans. Quantity, air volume and pressure
head allowance of seal fan shall meet the following requirements:
1 Seal fan arranged for each boiler shall not be less than two sets, and one of them is for
standby application. Where each set of coal mill is arranged with seal fan, the seal fan may not be
arranged with a standby one.
2 The air volume allowance of seal fan shall not be less than 10% (the basic air volume shall be
calculated according to all coal mills), the pressure head allowance shall not be less than 20%.
9.2.10 Except for anthracite, explosion-proof and fire-extinguishing measures shall be taken for the
coal pulverizing system, and it shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard
Code for Design of Fire Protection for Fossil Fuel Power Plants and Substations GB 50229 and the
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current professional standard Technical Code for Explosion Prevention Design of Coal and Pulverized
Coal Preparation System of Fossil Fuel Power Plant DL/T 5203.
9.2.11 Type, quantity, air volume and pressure head shall meet the following requirements, where
primary fans are arranged for pulverized fuel fired boiler:
1 For positive pressure direct-firing pulverizing system, where trisector air pre-heater is
adopted, the cold primary fan should be centrifugal fan. Where the technical and economical comparison
is reasonable, other speed regulation fans may also be adopted.
2 Quantity of cold primary fan should be 2 and standby one shall not be arranged.
3 Air volume and pressure head of primary fan should be selected according to characteristics
of air pre-heater and different coal pulverizing systems. Cold primary fan adopted positive pressure
direct-firing pulverizing system with trisector air pre-heater shall be selected according to the following
requirements:
1) The basic air volume of fan is calculated according to the design coal and shall cover the
primary air volume required when under the rated evaporation, the air leakage volume at
the side of the primary air a year later of the operation of the air pre-heater guaranteed
by the manufacturer, and the coal mill sealing air volume loss (calculated according to
all coal mills) provided by the primary fan.
2) Air volume allowance of fun should be 20%~30%, and the additional temperature allowance
may be determined by the calculated temperature outside of ventilation room in summer.
3) The pressure head allowance of fan should be 20%~30%.
9.3 Air and Flue Gas System
9.3.1 Type, quantity, air volume and pressure head of pulverized fuel fired boilers blower shall
meet the following requirements:
1 The blower should be high-efficient centrifugal fan. Where the technical and economical
comparison is reasonable, speed regulation fans should be adopted.
2 Where the boiler capability is Grade 130t/h or below, each boiler shall be installed with one
set of blower; where the boiler capacity is Grade 220t/h or above, each boiler should be arranged with
one to two sets of blowers, and shall not be arranged with the standby one.
3 Air volume and pressure head of blower shall meet the following requirements:
1) Basic air volume of blower shall be calculated according to design coal for boiler firing,
including the air amount required at the rated evaporation of boiler and net air leakage
volume at the blowing side guaranteed by the manufacturer after air pre-heater operates
for a year.
2) Where trisector air pre-heater is adopted, air volume allowance of the blower shall not be
less than 5%, and the additional temperature allowance may be determined according to
the calculated temperature outside of ventilation room in summer; the pressure head
allowance of the blower shall not be less than 15%.
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3) Where tube-box-type or bin-section air pre-heater is adopted, the air volume of the
blower should be 10%, and the pressure head allowance should be 20%.
4) Where hot air recirculation system is adopted, air volume allowance of blower shall not
be less than hot air recirculation volume under operating conditions in winter.
4 For boiler firing coal with low heat of combustion or low volatiles, where each boiler is
installed with 2 blowers, fan allowance shall be selected through checking and to meet requirements
of the minimum load where the boiler is stably combusted under the condition without oil filling.
9.3.2 Type, quantity, air volume and pressure head allowance of induced draft fan shall meet the
1 The induced draft fan should be high-efficient centrifugal fan. Where the technical and
economical comparison is reasonable, speed regulation fans should be adopted.
2 Where the boiler capability is Grade 65t/h or below, each boiler shall be installed with one set
of induced draft fan; where the boiler capacity is Grade 130t/h or above, each boiler should be arranged
with one to two sets of induced draft fans, and shall not be arranged with the standby one.
3 Air volume and pressure head of induced draft fan shall meet the following requirements:
1) Basic air volume of induced draft fan shall be determined according to flue gas volume
of design firing coal of the boiler and at the time that the boiler is under the rated evaporation
and the sum of air leakage volume at the flue gas side guaranteed by the manufacturer
after air pre-heater operates for a year and air leakage volume of boiler flue gas system.
2) Air volume allowance of induced draft fan is not less than 10%, and additionally added
with 10~15 temperature allowance.
3) The pressure head allowance of induced draft fan is not less than 20%.
4 For pulverized fuel fired boiler firing coal with low calorific value or low volatiles, where
each boiler is installed with 2 induced draft fans, air volume shall be calculated. The air volume shall
be able to meet the combustion-supporting requirements of the minimum stable combustion load
where the boiler is without oil filling under operating conditions of single induced draft fan.
9.3.3 Primary and secondary fans of circulating fluidized bed boiler should adopt high-efficient
centrifugal fan, where technical and economical comparison is reasonable, speed regulation fan should
be adopted. For boiler of Grade 220t/h or below, one fan shall be provided for each boiler; for boiler
of Grade 410t/h, one to two sets of fan shall be provided for each boiler, and shall not be arranged
with the standby one. Air volume and pressure head of primary and secondary fan shall meet the
1 Basic air volume shall be calculated according to boiler design fire coal and shall include the
air volume required at the rated evaporation of boiler and net air leakage volume at the primary air
side (for secondary air fan, it shall be the corresponding secondary air side) guaranteed by the manufacturer
after air pre-heater operates for a year.
2 Air volume allowance of fun should not be less than 20%, and the additional temperature
allowance may be determined by the calculated temperature outside of ventilation room in summer.
3 Fan pressure head allowance shall be considered in section, and the back pressure (resistance
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from bed etc.) allowance of furnace shall be provided by the boiler factory. Resistance allowance from
the air pre-heater inlet to outlet of primary air nozzle (for secondary air fan, it is the secondary air
nozzle) shall be 44%; resistance allowance from the fan inlet to the air pre-heater inlet shall adopt the
squared value of the ratio between the fans type selection air volume and basic air volume.
9.3.4 Where circulating fluidized bed boiler is needed to be arranged with high-voltage fluidization
fan, centrifugal or Roots fan should be selected. For boiler of Grade 220t/h or below, each boiler
should be arranged with two sets of fans with 50% capacity; for boiler of Grade 410t/h, each boiler
should be arranged with three sets of fans with 50% capacity. Air volume allowance and pressure head
allowance of fan shall not be less than 20%.
9.3.5 Where the boiler is needed to be arranged with cooling fan with safety monitoring protective
system, each boiler should adopt two sets of centrifugal fan, one is for operating while the other is for
standby application. Air volume allowance and pressure head allowance of fan shall meet cooling
requirements of boiler safety monitoring protective system.
9.3.6 Selection of dedusting equipment shall be determined according to factors such as requirements
on flue gas exhaust dust volume and dust concentration approved by the construction project environmental
impact report, coal ash characteristics, boiler combustion modes, process, site conditions and requirements
on ash and slag comprehensive utilization and through technical and economical comparison. Under
the following conditions, selected deduster shall also be able to reach the guaranteed dedusting efficiency:
1 Flue gas flow of deduster shall be calculated according to the flue gas volume at the air pre-
heater outlet of design fire coal under the rated evaporating capacity of boiler and shall be added with
10% of allowance; flue gas temperature is the air pre-heater outlet temperature plus 10~15 when
the design fire coal is under the rated evaporating capacity of boiler.
2 Flue gas flow of deduster shall be calculated according to the flue gas volume at the air pre-
heater outlet of check fire coal under the rated evaporating capacity of boiler; flue gas temperature is
the air pre-heater outlet temperature when the check fire coal is under the rated evaporating capacity
of boiler.
9.3.7 Necessary sampling hole and sampling operating platform shall be arranged on the gas duct in
front and at the back of the deduster.
9.3.8 Chimney quantity, type, height and flue gas outlet flow rate shall be determined according to
composite factors such as construction project environmental impact report and chimney anticorrosion
requirements, quantity of simultaneously constructed boilers, and economical rationality of chimney
arrangement and structure. Quantity of boiler connected into the same chimney should be two to four.
9.4 Oil System for Ignition and Combustion Support
9.4.1 Light diesel oil may be adopted as the ignition and combustion fuel for circulating fluidized
bed boiler, pulverized fuel fired boiler and other boiler profile. Where there is coal gas or fuel gas
supply near power plant, coal gas or fuel gas may also be adopted for ignition and combustion, in this
case, the design shall refer to the relevant safety technical requirements. Where heavy oil supply and
oil product quality are guaranteed, heavy oil may also be adopted for ignition and combustion.
Pulverized fuel fired boiler shall adopt such oil-saving ignition modes as small oil gun ignition, little
oil (micro oil) ignition and plasma ignition, etc..
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9.4.2 The quantity and capacity of ignition and combustion oil tanks shall meet the following
requirements:
1 Where pulverized fuel fired boiler with the capacity of less than 220t/h is adopted, one or two
50m ~100m3 oil tanks should be arranged in the whole plant.
3
2 Where 220t/h~410t/h pulverized fuel fired boiler is adopted, two 200m3~500m3 oil tanks
should be arranged in the whole plant.
3 Where pulverized fuel fired boiler adopts such oil-saving ignition modes as plasma ignition,
small oil gun ignition and little oil (micro oil) ignition, the oil tank capacity may be 1~2 grades lower
than the above capacity.
4 The capacity of oil tank of circulating fluidized bed boiler may be 1~2 grades lower than
pulverized coal fired boiler of corresponding capacity.
9.4.3 Ignition and comburent oil should be transported by automobile. Where there is oil source near
the power plant, ignition and comburent oil may be transported by piping. Where railway transport is
adopted, oil discharge platform shall be arranged, the length of the platform shall be such designed
that it is able to contain 1~2 oil-saving tank cars and shall meet the shunting requirements of railway
department. Where waterway transport is adopted, oil discharge wharf should be jointly constructed
with ash and slag wharf, heavy wharf or coal wharf.
9.4.4 Oil discharge mode shall be determined through technical and economic comparison according
to oil quality characteristic, delivery mode and oil tank conditions, etc.. The type, quantity and flow
and lift discharge pump shall meet the following requirements:
1 Discharge pump type shall be determined according to oil viscosity, oil discharge mode and
fire regulation requirements.
2 If the oil discharge time is specified , the quantity of discharge pumps should not be less than
2; where the largest pump is out of service, the total flow of other pumps shall meet the requirement
of unloading the whole vehicle and ship within specified oil discharge time.
3 The discharge pump lift and the capacity of its motor shall be considered according to the
operating condition when the viscosity of transported fuel oil is maximum, and the lift allowance
should be 30%.
9.4.5 The type, output and quantity of supply pumps of ignition and comburent oil system should
1 The type of delivery (supply) pump shall be determined according to oil quality and oil supply
parameter requirements, and centrifugal pump or screw pump should be selected.
2 The output of supply pump should be 20%~30% of the fuel heat required at rated evaporation
for the boiler with the maximum capacity.
3 The quantity of supply pumps should be 2, among which 1 is standby.
4 Flow allowance of supply pump should not be less than 10%; the lift allowance should not be
less than 5%; the total resistance allowance of fuel pipe system in lift calculation (excluding oil gun
atomizing oil pressure and height difference) should not be less than 30%.
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9.4.6 Oil pump house should be near oil depot. Appropriate ventilation and lifting facilities as well
as necessary overhaul site and duty room shall be arranged in fuel pump house; where automatic control
and fire facilities may meet unattended requirements, duty room may not be arranged. Electrical
equipment in oil pump house shall be explosion-proof.
9.4.7 The design of oil supply and oil return piping to boiler room should meet the following
requirements:
1 One oil supply and oil return piping should be adopted respectively.
2 Oil gauging device shall be installed on oil supply and oil return piping of each boiler. Oil
gauging device may be installed on the main oil supply pipe.
3 Quick cut-off valve and manual shutdown valve shall be installed on oil supply pipe of each
boiler. Quick cut-off valve should be installed on the oil return piping of each boiler.
4 As for fuel oil with large viscosity and likely to condense, its oil discharge, storage and
supply systems shall be provided with heating and purging facilities. As for fuel piping, steam tracing
or other types of trace pipe as well as steam or compressed air purging pipe may be arranged.
Measures to prevent back flow of fuel oil shall be taken for steam purging system.
9.4.8 Dirty oil and sewage collection as well as relevant oily water treatment facilities shall be
arranged in fuel system.
9.4.9 The design of oil system shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard
Code for Design of Oil Depot GB 50074. The explosion prevention, fire prevention, static prevention
and lightening protection design of fuel tank, ,oil pipeline and fuel pipe shall meet the relevant
requirements of the current national standards Electrical Installations Design Code for Explosive
Atmospheres and Fire Hazard GB 50058 and Code for Design of Fire Protection for Fossil Fuel
Power Plants and Substations GB 50229.
9.4.10 Movable or fixed-movable cooling water system should be arranged for overground or
semi-underground metal fuel tanks.
9.5 Auxiliary System and Equipment of Boiler
9.5.1 Boiler blowdown system and its equipment shall meet the following requirements:
1 1 set of boiler blowdown flash system should be set for 2~4 boilers.
2 Boiler should adopt one grade continuous blowdown flash tank system. 2-grade continuous
blowdown flash tank system may be adopted for the drum boiler of high-voltage thermal power plant
according to the use conditions of flashed vapor; continuous blowdown system shall be provided with
bypass for switching to intermittent blowdown flash tank.
3 The capacity of intermittent blowdown flash tank shall meet the requirements of boiler
emergency discharge.
9.5.2 The noise of boiler steam exhaust shall meet the requirements of environmental protection.
The boiler ignition steam exhaust pipe of steam exhaust shall be installed with silencer. The drum
safety valve and supercalorifier safety valve steam exhaust pipes with the minimal tripping pressure
should be installed with silencer.
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9.5.3 Air precalorifier shall avoid low temperature corrosion and fouling, air precalorifier inlet air
heating system should be arranged according to the actual requirements, hot-blast recycle, air calorifier
or other air heating system may be selected through technical and economic comparison. Where
coal quality condition is preferable, ambient temperature is relatively high or corrosion-resistant material
is adopted for cold end of air precalorifier to ensure that the air precalorifier free from corrosion and
fouling, air heating system may not be arranged. As for tri-sectional regenerative air precalorifier of
rotor rotating type where primary air is heated firstly through flue gas, air heating unit may not be set
on the primary air side of air precalorifier, and it is only set on the secondary air side.
1 Air calorifier system shall meet the following requirements:
1) The arrangement position of air calorifier shall be determined through technical and
economic comparison, in northern severe cold regions; air calorifier should be arranged
at the fan inlet.
2) The structure and layout of air calorifier shall consider the requirements of reducing
resistance. Movable structure may be adopted for the air calorifier with less annual use
hours.
3) Ambient temperature used for air calorifier is selected; outdoor-calculated temperature

for winter heating should be adopted for heating area. The minimum average monthly
temperature in winter should be adopted for non-heating area and heating area allowance
should be properly reserved.
2 Hot-blast recirculation system should be used for tubular air precalorifier or the coal with low
sulfur content and ash content as well as in the regions with relatively high ambient temperature. Where
rotary air precalorifier adopts hot-blast recirculation system, the wear-proof requirements of fan and
duct shall be considered, and hot-blast recycle rate should not be too large; hot-blast exhaust outlet
shall be arranged at the position with low smoke and dust content.
9.6 Startup Boiler
9.6.1 For the power plants require to be arranged with start-up boiler, the quantity, capacity and fuel
of start-up boiler shall be determined comprehensively according to unit capacity and, start-up mode,
and in combination with meteorological conditions and other specific conditions of the region; and
they shall meet the following requirements:
1 The capacity of start-up boiler only considers the required steam quantity during start-up, the
allowance and the steam consumption for impulse starting and debugging of main steam turbine,
steam consumption for construction which may be temporarily stopped and other steam consumption
for other purpose instead of start-up.
2 The maximum capacity of start-up boiler should not exceed 110t/h.
3 Start-up boiler should be designed according to fuel oil fast loading boiler. Start-up boiler in
severe cold region may be arranged in combination with steam boiler for construction and coal-fired
boiler should be adopted; fast loading boiler or common boiler may be selected.
9.6.2 The steam parameter of start-up boiler should adopt low pressure (1.27MPa); relevant systems
shall be simple, reliable and easy for running and operation, no standby auxiliary machines are arranged.
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Where necessary, start-up boiler system may consider the conditions for the convenience of future
relocation. The design of coal-fired start-up boiler house should be simple, but the design of process
system shall meet production requirements and the environmental protection requirements.
9.6.3 For extended power plant, auxiliary steam of original unit should be adopted start-up steam
source and start-up boiler may not be set.
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10 Ash and Slag Handling System
10.1.1 The selection of ash and slag handling system shall be determined through technical and
economic comparison according to ash and slag volume, chemical and physical characteristics of ash
and slag, boiler type and the types of dust remover and ash discharger, quality and quantity of ash
flushing water, the distance and height difference between power plant and ash storage yard, general
layout, transportation, topography, geology, available water source, meteorological conditions, etc.
Where the conditions are appropriate, dry ash handling mode shall be adopted.
10.1.2 As for the power plant whose comprehensive utilization conditions of fly ash have been
settled, concentration and outward transport ports shall be designed for in-plant fly ash. Where it is
intended to comprehensively use ash and slag, but the pathway and conditions have not been settled
temporarily, the design shall reserve conditions for the comprehensive use of ash and slag.
10.1.3 The capacity of ash and slag handling system shall be calculated according to the total discharged
ash and slag volume when firing design coal at the rated evaporating capacity of boiler. The capacity
of the subsystems in the plant may be reserved with certain allowance respectively according to
specific conditions, the capacity of off-site conveying system should be determined according to the
implement condition of comprehensive utilization.
10.2 Hydraulic Ash and Slag Handling System
10.2.1 Where the hydraulic ash handling system is drafted, reused water of power plant shall be
used, and slurrying mode and ash water concentration shall be reasonably determined through technical
and economic comparison.
10.2.2 Hydraulic transportation of in-plant ash and slag may adopt pressure pipe and ash & slag
trench, and it shall be determined according to boiler ash discharger and dust remover type, boiler
room and plant area layout as well as the position of ash storage yard, etc..
10.2.3 If hydraulic ash and slag handling system of centrifugal ash pump is adopted, where the lift
of primary centrifugal pump fails to meet the requirements, centrifugal ash pumps should be directly
connected in series.
10.2.4 Where the positive displacement mortar pump system is adopted for delivering liquid mortar,
high-concentration liquid mortar shall be adopted.
10.2.5 Where thickener is adopted for thickening mortar, the selection of thickener shall meet the
1 Thickener diameter shall be determined according to ash discharge and the unit output of
thickener.
2 Thickener should be arranged at high level.
3 The mortar discharge pipe of thickener shall be equipped with backwashing water pipeline,
washing water source shall be reliable and the water pressure shall not be less than 0.4MPa.
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10.2.6 The number of standby thickeners shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where standby ash handling systems or emergency ash discharge conditions are provided for
the ash handling systems in the whole plant, standby thickener may be not arranged.
2 Where there are no standby ash handling systems in the whole plant or there are no emergency
ash discharge conditions, the number of thickeners should not be less than 2, and where one of them is
out of service, the total output of the rest thickeners shall be able to bear the calculated ash amount not
lower than 80% of that of the ash handling system.
10.2.7 The design of ash & slag trench of ash and slag handling system shall meet the following
requirements:
1 No standby ash & slag trench is set; the ash & slag trench shall be arranged short and straight
and shall be convenient for connection during extension, trench bottom shall be lined with wear-proof
cast stone panel, etc..
2 The drained water and sewage from other systems in the power plant should not be drained
into ash & slag trench.
3 The gradient of ash & slag trench shall meet the following requirements:
1) The gradient of ash channel shall not be less than 1%.
2) The slag trench gradient of dry ash boiler shall not be less than 1.5%.
3) The slag trench gradient of slag tapping boiler shall not be less than 2%.
4) The gradient of ash & slag trench delivering high-concentration ash and slag slurry
should be increased properly.
10.2.8 In a set of hydraulic ash and slag handling system, the number of main standby equipment
shall meet the following requirements:
1 Clarified water pumps which frequently operate shall be set with one for standby.
2 In a pump house, the number of the standby ash and slag (slurry) pumps and volumetric
mortar pump shall be determined according to the following principles:
1) Where there is one operating, one standby pump shall be set.
2) Where there are 2~3 operating, 2 standby pumps shall be set.
3) Where only 2 standby volumetric mortar pumps are set, the foundation of the second
standby pump may be reserved.
10.2.9 Where ash pond slag handling system is adopted, the geometric size of ash pond shall be
determined according to factors such as slag slurry amount, slag grain size analysis, settling rate and
external delivery conditions. Ash pond should be divided into two parts; the effective volume of each
part should not be less than the 24h slagging volume of slag handling system. Where dewatering bin
slag handling system is adopted, the volume of dewatering bin shall be determined according to
factors such as boiler slagging volume and external delivery conditions. The effective volume of each
dewatering bin should not be less than the 24h slagging volume of this slag handling system.
10.2.10 Where the number of operating off-site ash & slag (slurry) pipe is 1~3, 1 standby piping
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shall be arranged. Where the ash & slag pipe is seriously worn or scaled, wear-proof or scaling-proof
and descaling measures shall be taken.
10.2.11 Where ordinary steel pipe is adopted as ash pipe, except that the wall thickness shall meet
the strength requirement, the following requirements shall also be met:
1 The wall thickness of ash pipe shall not be less than 7mm.
2 The wall thickness of slag pipe shall not be less than 10mm.
3 Bent pipes and pipe fittings may adopt wear-proof pipes.
4 Where ash and slag have severe wear characteristic, wear-proof pipes may also be adopted in
straight pipe segments through technical and economic comparison.
10.3 Mechanical Slag Handling System
10.3.1 Where boiler adopts mechanical slag handling system, immersed scraper slag conveyor, dry
type air cooling slag conveyer or en-masse conveyor may be selected for conveying boiler slag through
technical and economic comparison according to slag quantity and characteristics, transportation distance
and comprehensive utilization requirements of slag, etc.. Where conditions permit, slag should be
preferentially lifted to slag storage bin by machine.
10.3.2 Where immersed scraper slag conveyor scheme is adopted, the following requirements shall
be met:
1 The scheme of delivering to slag bin by single level scraper slag conveyor should be adopted,
and the maximum rating of scraper slag conveyor should not be less than 400% of the slagging
volume of design fire coal at the rated evaporating capacity boiler. The parts of scraper slag conveyor
contacting tangent shall be made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials.
2 The water depth of water tank of scraper slag conveyor shall be able to ensure sufficient
granulating of slag blocks, and shall be larger than the maximum positive pressure value of boiler
furnace.
3 The head inclination angle of scraper slag conveyor shall not be larger than 35, and facilities
for washing chain ring shall be provided.
10.3.3 Where dry type air cooling slag conveyer scheme is adopted, the maximum output of equipment
should not be less than 250% of the slagging volume of the design fire coal at boiler rated evaporating
capacity, and should not be less than 150% of the slagging volume of check fire coal.
10.3.4 En-masse conveyor shall be wear resistant and low speed ash & slag en-masse conveyor
specially used for power plant. The arrangement of en-masse conveyor shall meet the following req-
uirements:
1 En-masse conveyor may be arranged horizontally or obliquely. Where it is arranged obliquely,

the inclination angle should not be greater than 10.
2 The driving device of en-masse conveyer may either be horizontal or vertical, and it may be
selected according to specific conditions in the design. Where it is arranged at high level, overhaul
platform shall be arranged.
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3 En-masse conveyors should be in single-channel arrangement.
10.3.5 Slag storage bin shall be arranged as close as possible to the slag discharge point at boiler
bottom. The volume of slag storage bin shall be determined according to factors such as boiler slagging
volume and external transportation conditions, the effective volume should meet the 24h~48h slagging
volume of this slag handling system. Where the slag storage bin is used as a transfer or buffer slag bin,
its effective volume should meet 8h slagging volume of this slag handling system.
10.4 Dry Ash Handling System
10.4.1 As for ash handling system, conveying systems such as negative pressure pneumatic ash handling
system, positive pressure pneumatic ash handling system and air conveyor, en-masse conveyor and
screw conveyor shall be selected through technical and economic comparison according to ash amount,
transmission distance, ash characteristics, dust remover type and dust collector arrangement, etc..
10.4.2 The design output of pneumatic ash handling system shall be determined according to system
ash discharge, system type and operation mode, etc. Where continuous operation mode is adopted, the
system output shall not be less than 150% of the ash discharge of design fire coal at the rated evaporating
capacity of boiler; as for the system adopting intermittent operation mode, the output shall not be less
than 200% of the ash discharge of design fire coal at the rated evaporating capacity of boiler. The
volume of ash hopper in No. 1 electric field of electrostatic deduster should not be less than 8h ash-
collecting amount.
10.4.3 As for the air compressor set for positive pressure pneumatic ash handling system, where
there are 1~2 are operating, one standby air compressor shall be set; where there are more than 3 operating,
2 standby air compressors may be set.
10.4.4 Negative pressure pneumatic ash handling system shall be arranged with special vacuum
pumping equipment. In a unit system, when 1~2 vacuum pumping equipment operate frequently, one
shall be set for standby.
10.4.5 The wind source of air conveyor should be from special fan, special fan may be not set with
standby one, if conditions permit, the wind may also be supplied by boiler air supply system. The
arrangement of air conveyor shall meet the following requirements:
1 The inclination of air conveyor shall not be less than 6%.
2 Air conveyor should consider damp proof and insulation measures.
3 Flashboard door and electric air lock shall be installed between ash hopper and air conveyor.
4 Flexible connection should be provided between ash fall pipe and air conveyor and between
blower and tuyere nozzle.
5 The conveying direction of branch chute under shall be from No. 1 electric field to No. 2/3
electric field.
10.4.6 The total capacity of ash bin should meet the following requirements:
1 Where the ash bin is used as transfer or buffer ash bin, it should be able to store 8h ash
discharge amount of the system.
2 Where it is used as storage ash bin, it shall be able to store 24h~48h system ash discharge.
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10.4.7 Where the ash bin is designed with flat bottom, gasification tank shall be arranged at the
bottom. Gasified air shall be hot air, and air gasification system shall be arranged with special
aircalorifier; the gasified air pipe shall be insulated.
10.4.8 Arrangement of ash unloading facilities in ash bins shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where hydraulic transportation is adopted out of plant, dry ash slurrying device shall be
arranged.
2 Where dry ash is loaded and unloaded by vehicle (ship), facilities to avoid flying of dry ash
shall be arranged.
3 Where wet ash is conveyed outside, dry ash humidifier shall be arranged, the water addition
should be 15%~30% of the mass of ash.
10.5 Ash and Slag Off-site Transportation System
10.5.1 Where ash and slag are transported by vehicle, closed dump truck should be adopted, and it
shall be preferentially solved by social transportation capacity.
10.5.2 Where off-site ash and slag is conveyed by belt conveyor, short-term storage measures shall
be provided in the plant area. Slag shall be wetted or dewatered by cooling, and ash shall be wetted by
adding water. Belt conveyor shall be designed in single way, its design output shall be determined
according to system conveying volume, convey distance and operation mode, etc., and it should not
be less than 300% of the maximum ash and slag discharge amount of the power plant. Except in severe
cold regions, belt conveyor should not adopt closed trestle, but shall be arranged with necessary shield
or tubular belt conveyor.
10.5.3 Where ship is used to transport ash and slag outward, ash wharf and shipping facilities shall
be arranged according to ash and slag transport volume and ship type.
10.6 Control and Overhaul Facilities
10.6.1 The control mode of ash and slag handling system shall be determined according to system
complexity and the requirements of running and operation by the equipment, centralized control,
automatic program control or local control modes may be adopted. The ash and slag handling system
adopting automatic program control or centralized control may be arranged with local control push-
button for debugging according to control requirements.
10.6.2 Necessary overhaul site and lifting facilities shall be arranged at the place where ash and slag
handling are arranged intensively.
10.7 Ash and Slag Handling System of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler
10.7.1 The bottom slag conveying system of circulating fluidized bed boiler should adopt mechanical
conveying system, where the bottom slag amount is small, pneumatic transportation system may also
be adopted through technical and economic comparison, and its system output should not be less than
250% of the slagging volume of design fire coal at the rated evaporating capacity of boiler, and should
not be less than 200% of the slagging volume of check fire coal. Hydraulic conveying system should
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not be adopted.
10.7.2 The woven bag of dust remover on the top of bottom slag bin of bottom slag system of
circulating fluidized bed boiler should use high temperature resistant filter material. Where mechanical
conveying system is adopted, dust remover on the top of slag bin should be arranged with exhaust air
fan.
10.7.3 Where pneumatic transportation system is adopted for the fly ash of circulating fluidized bed
boiler, the determination of system conveying output shall comply with the requirements of pneumatic
ash handling system in Section 10.4 of this code.
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11 Desulfurization System
11.0.1 The selection of desulfurization process shall be determined comprehensively through technical
and economic comparison according to boiler capacity and boiler profile, sulfur content in fuel, the
requirements of construction project environmental impact report on desulfuration efficiency, absorbent
resource condition and transportation conditions, water source condition, discharge conditions of
desulfurized waste water and waste residue, conditions of use of desulfurization bypreduct as well as
maturity of desulfurization process. Reconstructed and extended power plants shall also consider the
influence of on-site layout conditions to adapt to local conditions. The selection of desulfurization
process shall also meet the following requirements:
1 Circulating fluidized bed boiler of small or medium capacity should preferentially adopt in-
boiler desulfuration mode.
2 The unit with the sulfur content of fire coal larger than or equal to 2% shall preferentially
adopt limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization process.
3 As for the unit with the sulfur content of fire coal less than 2% or the ageing unit with the
remaining service life less than 10 years, and when desulfurizer is installed in the existing power plant
with limited site conditions, semi-dry process, dry process or other mature processes at lower cost
should be preferred, if environmental protection requirements permit.
4 Ammonia flue gas desulfurization process may be adopted after it is confirmed reasonably
through comprehensive technical and economic comparison.
5 The seashore power plants with the sulfur content of fire coal less than or equal to 1% may
adopt seawater flue gas desulfurization process when the seawater alkalinity meets the technical
requirements and the environmental impact assessment of sea area pass the examination by relevant
national departments; the seashore power plant with the sulfur content of fire coal larger than 1% may
also adopt seawater desulfurization process after meeting the above-mentioned conditions and through
6 The coal-fired power plants in the regions short of water resources should preferentially
adopt water saving dry process and semi-dry flue gas desulfurization process.
7 The availability ratio of desulfurizer shall be larger than 95%.
11.0.2 Desulfurizing absorbent shall meet the following requirements:
1 Absorbent shall have a reliable source and should be the finished product meeting the
requirements and directly purchased from the market; where the conditions permit and the scheme is
reasonable, the power plant may build absorbent preparation workshop by itself; where absorbent
processing and preparation plant must be constructed, regional cooperation shall be preferentially
considered, namely intensive plant construction, comprehensive techno-economic verification shall be
conducted according to investment and management modes, processing technology, plant site location
and transportation conditions, etc..
2 In-plant absorbent storage capacity shall be determined according to such factors as supply
continuity, supply source distance and transportation conditions, and it should not be less than the
amount for 3d.
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3 The preparation, storage and transportation systems of absorbent shall be provided with
measures to avoid such pollution as dust reentrainment and volatilization leakage, to ensure safety.
4 The desulfurized limestone powder storage and conveying system of circulating fluidized bed
boiler shall meet the following requirements:
1) Finished limestone powder may be directly and pneumatically conveyed to limestone

powder barn (warehouse) for storage and standby application. The limestone powder
crushed in plant should be conveyed pneumatically, and it may also be conveyed by
closed scraper conveyor or screw conveyor if conditions permit, the conveyors should be
single-channel arrangement.
2) Limestone powder should be conveyed by primary conveying system, secondary conveying

system may also be adopted.
3) The capacity of limestone powder warehouse of primary conveying system should be the
24h consumption at the rated evaporating capacity of boiler, and the capacity of limestone
powder barn of secondary conveying system should be the 3h~4h consumption at the
rated evaporating capacity of boiler.
4) Pneumatic conveying should be adopted for limestone powder to boiler furnace and the
conveying pipelines should be arranged symmetrically.
5) The output design of pneumatic transportation system shall be determined according to

such factors as the consumption of limestone powder required for boiler and the operation
mode. Where continuous operation mode is adopted, the system design output shall not
be less than 150% of the consumption of limestone powder, where intermittent operation
mode is adopted, the system design output shall not be less than 200% of the consumption
of limestone powder.
6) Where secondary conveying fan is adopted for limestone powder, 1~2 constant volume
conveying fans should be arranged.
11.0.3 The capacity and quantity of flue gas desulfurization reaction and absorption unit shall meet
the following requirements:
1 The rated capacity of reaction and absorption unit should be the larger one according to the
boiler design or flue gas conditions under the rated conditions of check coal, and capacity allowance
shall not be increased
2 The SO2 concentration (design value and checking value) at the inlet of reaction and absorption
unit shall be the larger value in its variation range through investigation and considering the actual
purchasing condition of fire coal and the variation trend of sulfur content.
3 Reaction and absorption unit shall be able to continuously and safely operate at any load
between the minimum stable combustion load operating condition and the rated condition. The load
change speed of reaction and absorption unit shall match the change rate of boiler load.
4 The gas temperature at the inlet of reaction and absorption unit shall be designed according to
the sum of 10 (50 for short term) and the operation flue gas temperature at the interface where
design coal enters desulfurizer from main flue under the rated condition of boiler design coal, besides,
attention shall be paid to take adequate measures under abnormal operation conditions of boiler, so as
55
to prevent damage on the equipment.
5 The quantity of reaction and absorption units shall be determined according to boiler capacity,
reaction and absorption unit capacity and reliability, etc.. Where wet process is adopted, 2 boilers
should be equipped with 1 reaction and absorption tower; where semi-dry desulfurization process is
adopted, one boiler may be equipped with 1 reaction and absorption tower, 2 boilers may also be
equipped with 1 reaction and absorption tower according to process conditions.
6 Reliable anti-corrosion measures shall be considered in reaction and absorption unit according
to process characteristics.
11.0.4 Where booster fan is set for desulfurization system, its capacity shall be selected according to
the treated flue gas amount, the air quantity allowance should not be less than 10%, and not less than
10~15 temperature allowance shall be added, the pressure head allowance should not be less
than 20%. Where booster fan and draught fan of desulfurization system are arranged together, the
factor that the fan pressure head is relatively large shall be considered for the selection of transient
explosion-proof pressure of boiler furnace.
11.0.5 It shall be determined that whether flue gas-flue gas heat exchanger of wet desulphurization
process shall be arranged according to the approval requirements of construction project environmental
impact report.
11.0.6 The arrangement of bypass flue of flue gas desulfurization device should be determined
according to the technical characteristics of desulfurization process and the reliability of desulfurizer;
where conditions permit, bypass flue of flue gas desulfurization device may be not arranged. Where
bypass flue is not arranged for wet desulphurization device, the availability ratio of desulfurizer shall
ensure the operation availability ratio of the whole unit. The desulfurizer inlet, outlet and bypass
baffle door (or flashboard door), which are arranged with bypass flue, shall have good operation and
sealing performance. The opening time of bypass baffle door (or flashboard door) shall be able to
meet the requirement that the desulfurizer failure will not cause boiler tripping.
11.0.7 Necessary and suitable anti-corrosion measures shall be taken for the low temperature flue
from the reaction and absorption unit outlet to chimney according to different desulfurization processes.
11.0.8 Desulfurization process design shall create condition for comprehensive utilization of
desulfurization byproduct, where it is confirmed reasonable through techno-economic verification,
desulfurization byproduct may be transported outward after proper processing, its processing depth,
category and quantity shall be determined according to reliable market research results. If no
comprehensive utilization condition is available for desulfurization byproducts, they may be conveyed
to storage yard, but they shall be stacked with ash and slag separately, the possibility of comp-
rehensive utilization in future shall be reserved, and measures to avoid secondary pollution on
byproducts shall be taken. The desulfurization byproducts in plant may be stacked in storage room
according to their specific physical properties. The storage capacity shall be determined according to
the transportation mode of byproducts and should not be less than 24h.
11.0.9 Where absorbent and desulfurization byproduct are grout liquid, their conveying system shall
consider anti-blocking measures and the increase of pipeline cleaning devices.
11.0.10 The arrangement of desulfurization control room and control level shall meet the following
requirements:
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1 Desulfurization control room should be arranged together with ash handling air compressor
room and dust handling power distribution room, etc.. Independent desulfurization control room may
be arranged near desulfurizer according to process flow and site conditions.
2 The control level of desulfurization system shall be equivalent to the control level of unit.
11.0.11 The voltage grade of high and low voltage auxiliary power of desulfurizer and neutral point
earthing mode of auxiliary power system shall be consistent with the main work of the power plant.
The high voltage load of desulfurizer is directly supplied by the high-voltage section of the main plant
building; low voltage desulfurization transformer is set in desulfurization area to supply power for
desulfurization low voltage load, and the high voltage power is led to the high voltage section of the
main plant building.
11.0.12 The arrangement of desulfurization process system shall meet the following requirements:
1 Desulfurization reaction and absorption units should be arranged near boiler back-end flue
and chimney.
2 The absorbent preparation site and desulfurization byproduct processing site should be
arranged intensively near desulfurization reaction and absorption unit or in other proper places.
3 Desulfurization reaction and absorption units should be arranged outdoor and shall be provided
with necessary protective measures.
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12 Denitration System
12.0.1 The selection of denitration process shall meet the following requirements:
1 As for the boilers of constructed and extended generator units, flue gas denitration devices
space shall be reserved according to the approval requirements of construction project environmental
impact report or flue gas denitration device shall be constructed synchronously. Circulating fluidized
bed boiler should not be arranged with flue gas denitration device. Measures to reduce oxynitride
discharge shall be taken in the structural selection of furnace and burner of pulverized fuel fired boiler.
2 The selection of flue gas denitration process of pulverized fuel fired boiler shall be determined
through technical and economic comparison according to composite factors such as unit capacity, coal
quality condition, boiler oxynitride emission concentration, requirements of denitration efficiency,
reactant resource condition, transportation conditions, sewage discharge conditions, conditions of use
of denitrated byproduct and the maturity of denitration process. Characteristics such as on-site arrangement
conditions shall also be considered for reconstructed units.
3 Where conditions permits and it is reasonable through technical and economic comparison,
integrated desulfurization and denitration process may be adopted simultaneously.
12.0.2 Denitration reagent shall meet the following requirements:
1 Denitration reagent shall have reliable sources.
2 In-plant denitration reagent capacity shall be determined according to such factors as supply
continuity, supply source distance and transportation conditions.
3 Measures to prevent volatilization, leakage, etc. shall be taken for the preparation, storage
and transportation systems of denitration reagent. If there are fire protection, explosion prevention,
gas protection and other requirements, corresponding measures to ensure safety shall be taken.
12.0.3 Where catalyst is needed for denitration process, appropriate treatment measure for failed
catalyst shall be prepared, renewable and recyclable catalyst shall be preferred, and secondary pollution
shall be avoided.
12.0.4 Bypass flue should not be arranged for denitration device.
12.0.5 Where the wind pressure of draught fan is increased greatly due to denitration device, the
selection of transient explosion-proof pressure of boiler furnace shall consider corresponding factors.
12.0.6 If the installation of denitration device is likely to generate the product which will erode and
block boiler air calorifier, the design of air precalorifier shall take special measures to reduce or eliminate
the influence.
12.0.7 The selection of capacity and quantity of denitration reaction devices shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The rated capacity of denitration reaction device should be designed according to the corres-
ponding flue gas volume of boiler without increasing capacity allowance.
2 Denitration reaction device shall adopt unit system, namely each boiler is equipped with one
reaction unit.
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3 The inlet gas temperature of denitration reaction device shall be designed according to the
flue gas temperature in normal operation, and attention shall be paid to that adequate measures shall
be taken to prevent damage on equipment under abnormal operation conditions of boiler.
12.0.8 The control system in denitration reaction area should be incorporated into the decentralized
control system (DCS) of unit, and the preparation, storage and transport control system of denitration
reagent should be controlled by programmable logic controller (PLC) or incorporated into the
decentralized control system (DCS) of unit.
12.0.9 The arrangement of denitration process system shall meet the following requirements:
1 Denitration reaction device should be arranged near the boiler body or back-end flue and
chimney according to denitration process flow.
2 The arrangement of preparation, storage and transportation systems of denitration reagent

shall meet the requirements of corresponding distance to surrounding buildings. Where necessary, the
influence of unfavorable wind direction shall be considered, unobstructed road and evacuation route
shall be arranged in system equipment area.
3 Denitration reaction device should be arranged outdoor, but shall be provided with necessary
protective measures.
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13 Steam Turbine Equipment and System
13.1 Steam Turbine Equipment
13.1.1 The selection of unit of power plant shall meet the following requirements:
1 The capacity and quantity of heat supply turbine shall be determined reasonably according to
heating load and its property, based on the principle of determining power by heat. If conditions
permit, turbine with larger capacity and parameters shall be preferred.
2 Condensing turbine should not be selected for small power stations. In the remote regions not
covered by power grid or the regions without power, where small hydro and renewable energy resource
are not available, and the coal resource is abundant while the traffic is inconvenient, as well as the
small hydro power supply regions not covered by power grid, take into account the need of power
supplement in dry seasons; where coal source is available, condensing turbine or extraction condensing
turbine of proper capacity may be selected in accordance with local conditions.
3 For water-deficient areas with drought exponent greater than 1.5, air-cooling turbine should
be selected.
13.1.2 The optimum allocation scheme of heat supply turbine types shall be determined through
technical and economic comparison, based on verifying heating load through investigation, and
according to the designed heating load curve characteristics.
13.1.3 The selection of heat supply turbine shall meet the following requirements:
1 Back-pressure turbine shall be preferred for the thermal power plants with persistent and
stable perennial heating load according to annual basic heating load.
2 As for the thermal power plants with partial persistent and stable heating load and partial
fluctuant heating load, back-pressure turbine or back pressure extraction turbine shall be selected to
bear basically stable heating load, and extraction condensing turbine shall be arranged to bear other
fluctuant heating load.
3 The No. 1 unit of constructed thermal power plant should not be arranged with back-pressure
turbine.
13.1.4 The thermalization coefficient of thermal power plant may be selected according to the
1 The thermalization coefficient of thermal power plant should be less than 1.
2 Thermalization coefficient must be determined in accordance with local condition and through
technical and economic comparison by combining various influencing factors, and should meet the
1) As for the thermal power plant with single machine capacity less than or equal to 100MW
and supplying industrial and domestic heating load, its thermalization coefficient should
be less than 1.
2) As for the thermal power plant mainly supplying perennial industrial steam heating load,
its thermalization coefficient should be 0.7~0.8.
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3) As for the heating load based mature regions (namely construction scale is to be finished,
and the annually newly invested building area is near 0), the thermalization coefficient
should be controlled between 0.6~0.7.
4) As for heating load based developing heat-supply regions (with a certain amount of new
buildings heated every year); the thermalization coefficient may be larger than 0.8 and
even close to 1.
5) In the selection of thermalization coefficient, the property of heating load shall be

analyzed. Where the annual heat-supply utilization hours are large and daily load is
stable, large value shall be taken; where heat-supply utilization hours are small and the
daily load fluctuation is large, small value shall be taken.
13.1.5 As for the regions with larger seasonal heating load difference or larger day and night heating
load fluctuation, the following heat supply modes may be adopted to meet the peak heating load:
1 Heat supply shall be supplemented through temperature and pressure reducing device by
using the boiler allowance of thermal power plant.
2 Heat supply turbine shall be adopted for heat supply coordinating with peak-load boiler
house.
3 The coal-fired boiler with larger capacity, shorter service time and higher thermal efficiency
in the heat reservation users shall be selected to supplement heat supply.
13.1.6 Whether parallel or serial heat supply system shall be adopted for heating peak-load boiler
house and thermal power plant shall be determined through technical and economic comparison and
should meet the following requirements:
1 Where parallel heat supply is adopted, heating boiler house should be constructed in or near
thermal power plant.
2 Where serial heat supply is adopted, heating boiler house should be constructed at the heating
load center or the far end of heating network.
13.2 Main Steam and Heat Supply Steam System
13.2.1 Main steam pipeline should adopt switching header-type system.
13.2.2 Heat supply steam header shall be arranged in thermal power plant. The heat-supply steam
pipeline conveying outside the plant in the same direction should adopt single pipe system; where
double-pipe or multi-pipe system is adopted, the following requirements shall be met:
1 Where the difference between the steam parameters required by the users in the same
direction is relatively large, or the proportion of seasonal heating load in the total heating load is relatively
large, double-pipe or multi-pipe system may be adopted after it is confirmed reasonably through
2 As for the specially important heat user for which cutoff is not allowed, where two heat sources
are needed to supply steam, double pipes may be arranged for conveying. The pipe diameter of each
pipeline should be designed according to 60% of the maximum flow.
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3 Where heat users construct by stages according to the plan, and single pipe fails to meet the
requirements of planning capacity parameters at the early stage or the operation is not economic, double-
pipe or multi-pipe system may be adopted.
13.3 Water Supply System and Supply Pump
13.3.1 Water supply pipeline shall adopt header-type system and shall meet the following requirements:
1 The low-pressure feedwater main on the suction side of feed pump should adopt segment
single header-type system. Its pipe diameter shall be 1~2 grades larger than the outlet pipe diameter of
water supply tank. The arrangement of water balance pipe between water supply tanks may be
determined comprehensively according to such factors as the unit quantity and the distance between
water supply tanks.
2 The pressure header at feedwater pump outlet, where the feed pump output doesnt match the
boiler capacity, should adopt segment single header-type system; where they match each other, switching
header-type system should be adopted.
3 Water supply recirculating pipe and recirculating header shall be arranged at the outlet of
feed pump.
4 The suction pipe of standby feedwater pump should be located between two segment valves
of low-pressure feedwater header; the outlet pressure pipe should be located between two segment
valves of segment pressure header or connected to switching header.
5 For the boiler feedwater header behind high-pressure calorifier, where the high pressure
output doesnt match the boiler capacity, segment single header-type system should be adopted; where
they match each other, switching header-type system should be adopted.
13.3.2 The quantity and capacity of feed pumps of power plant shall meet the following requirements:
1 Power plant shall be arranged with 1 standby feedwater pump, whose speed should be
regulated by fluid coupling.
2 The total capacity and quantity of feed pumps shall ensure that when any feed pump is out of
service, the total output of other feed pumps shall still be able to meet 110% of the rated evaporating
capacity of all the boilers of the system connected.
3 The capacity of each feed pump should be selected according to 110% water supply quantity
of the corresponding rated evaporating capacity of boiler.
13.3.3 Where steam feed pump is adopted, the following requirements should be met:
1 As for the power plant which is not connected with power grid or whose power grid power
supply is not reliable, 1 steam feed pump should be arranged.
2 After heat supply balance and technical and economic comparison, 1~2 frequently operating
steam feed pumps may be adopted in the thermal power plant whose low pressure steam is perennially
supplied by desupercalorifier and decompressor.
3 Where there is medium-pressure steam extraction in high-pressure heat-supply unit, small

back pressure turbine may drive feed pump, and the exhaust steam of small back pressure turbine is
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supplied for deaerator or connected to heating network.
13.3.4 The lift of feed pump shall be the sum of the following items:
1 The feedwater flow at the rated evaporating capacity of boiler, the total resistance of water
supply flow from deoxidation water supply tank outlet to economizer inlet, with 20% allowance.
2 Static pressure difference of water columns between normal water level of drum and that of
deaerator feedwater tank. Where the total resistance of boiler body includes the static pressure
difference, the static pressure difference shall be that of water column between economizer inlet and
the normal water level of deaerator.
3 The inflow pressure at the economizer inlet at the rated evaporating capacity of boiler.
4 Rated working pressure of deaerator (negative value is taken).
13.4 Deaerator and Water Supply Tank
13.4.1 The total output of deaerator shall be determined according to the water supply quantity of
the rated evaporating capacity of all boilers. Where deaerator is used as heating network water
supplement constant pressure equipment, the water supplement volume of heating network shall be
added. Each unit should be arranged with one deaerator.
13.4.2 According to the heating load variation, the total capacity of water supply tanks should meet
1 The total capacity of water supply tanks, for 130t/h or less boilers, should be the 20min water
supply consumption of the rated evaporating capacity of all boilers.
2 For 130t/h above and 410t/h or less boilers, it should be the 10~15min water supply
consumption of the rated evaporating capacity of all boilers.
13.4.3 Condensing power plant and the thermal power plants with small water supplement volume,
the supplemental water shall enter condenser for primary vacuum deoxidation. The heat-supply unit
whose condenser is equipped with bubbling deaerator shall also enter condenser for primary vacuum
deoxidation.
13.4.4 As for the thermal power plant with large water supplement volume, where there is suitable
heat source, supplemental water calorifier may be installed in front of deaerator. Where no suitable
heat source is available, deaerator for which normal temperature water supplement is allowable may
be adopted.
13.4.5 As for the thermal power plants mainly providing heart, if conditions permit, the drainage of
calorifier for heating network may directly enter deaerator; if conditions dont permit, drain cooler
shall be installed, and the drainage may enter deaerator after cooling. Where high temperature drainage
directly enters deaerator, and it is confirmed reasonably through technical and economic comparison,
0.25MPa~0.412MPa (absolute pressure) and 120~145 medium-pressure deaerator or 0.5MPa
(absolute pressure) high pressure deaerator with the saturation temperature of 158 may be selected.
13.4.6 Under the condition that the oxygen content of supplemental water is qualified, high pressure
heat-supply unit may adopt primary high pressure deaerator. Otherwise supplemental water shall be
primarily deoxidized by condenser bubbling deaerator or low-pressure deaerator before being delivered
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to high pressure deaerator by relay water pump.
13.4.7 The relevant steam and water pipelines of several deaerators with the same parameters should
adopt header-type system.
13.4.8 The pressure generated by the water column from the minimum water level of deaerator
feedwater tank to the center line of feed pump shall not be less than the sum of the following items:
1 The difference between the water vapor pressure at the inlet of feed pump and the working
pressure of deaerator.
2 Net positive suction head of feed pump.
3 The flow resistance of inflow pipe of feed pump.
4 3kPa~5kPa surplus required for safe operation of feed pump.
13.4.9 Safety valve and exhaust pipe to prevent overpressure explosion shall be arranged for deaerator
and water supply tank, the design of deaerator and its water supply tank shall also meet the relevant
requirements the current professional standard Specification for Boiler Deaerator JB/T 10325.
13.5 Condensate System and Condensate Pump
13.5.1 The condensed water of power plant should adopt header-type system.
13.5.2 The quantity and capacity of condensate pump for condensate unit shall meet the following
requirements:
1 Each condensate unit should be installed with 2 condensate pumps, whose capacity is 110%
of the maximum condensed water volume for each, and speed regulation device should be arranged.
2 The maximum condensed water volume shall be the sum of the following items:
1) The condensed water volume under the maximum admission operating condition of
turbine.
2) Regular water supplement volume and regular drain volume entering condenser.
3) The emergency drains volume entering condenser where standby drain pump is available
for low pressure calorifier.
13.5.3 The quantity and capacity of condensate pumps of condensing unit shall meet the following
requirements:
1 Each industrial steam extraction type unit or industrial double-extraction heating unit should
be installed with 2 or 3 condensate pumps and shall meet the following requirements:
1) After unit is put into production, namely supplying heat externally, 2 condensate pumps
should be installed. The capacity of each condensate pump should be the condensed
water volume under the operating conditions of design heat load, with 10% allowance.
Where the condensed water volume under the design heat load operating conditions is
less than 50% of the maximum condensed water volume, the capacity of each condensate
pump shall be determined according to 50% of the maximum condensed water volume.
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2) Where low heat load operating condition operation is needed for a relatively long time
after unit is put into production, 3 condensate pumps should be installed, and the condensed
water volume of the capacity of each condensate pump should be the condensed water
volume under design heat load operating condition, with 10% allowance. Where the
condensed water volume under the design heat load operating conditions is less than
50% of the maximum condensed water volume, the capacity of each condensate pump
shall be determined according to 50% of the maximum condensed water volume.
2 Heating extraction unit should be installed with 3 condensate pumps, whose capacity shall be
55% of the maximum condensed water volume for each condensate pump.
3 The condensed water volume under design heat load conditions shall be the sum of the
following items.
1) Condense volume of unit operating under design heat load conditions.
2) Regular drain volume entering condensate system.
3) The emergency drain volume entering condenser where low pressure calorifier drain
pump is arranged while standby pump is not.
4 The maximum condensed water volume shall be the sum of the following items:
1) The condensing amount under the maximum admission operating condition when extraction
condensing unit operating under pure condensate conditions.
2) Regular water supplement volume and regular drain volume entering condenser.
3) The emergency drain volume entering condenser where low pressure calorifier drain
pump is arranged while standby pump is not.
13.5.4 The lift of condensate pump shall be the sum of the following items:
1 The flow resistance of the condensate pipeline from condenser hot well to deaerator condensed
water inlet, with 20% allowance. Where the drain of low pressure calorifier is incorporated into
condensate pipeline through drain pump, before the incorporation point, it shall be calculated according
to the maximum condensed water volume; after the incorporation point, it shall be calculated by
adding the drain volume of low pressure calorifier.
2 Static pressure difference of water columns between condensed water inlet of deaerator and
the minimum water level of condenser hot well.
3 The spray pressure required by the spray head of condensate pipe at the inlet of deaerator.
4 The maximum working pressure of deaerator, with 15% additional allowance.
5 The maximum vacuum of condenser.
13.6 Drain pump of Low Pressure Calorifier
13.6.1 The units with capacity larger than 25MW may be set with low pressure calorifier drain pump;
the units with the capacity less than 25MW may be not set with low pressure calorifier drain pump.
13.6.2 The capacity and quantity of drain pump of low pressure calorifier shall meet the following
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requirements:
1 The drain pump capacity of low pressure calorifier shall be determined according to the sum
of 10% additional allowance and the drain volume of the low pressure calorifier connected to this
pump under the maximum admission operating condition of turbine.
2 One drain pump should be arranged for low pressure calorifier, no standby one is required.
But bypass pipeline shall be set for the backflow of drain of low pressure calorifier to condenser.
13.6.3 The lift of drain pump of low pressure calorifier shall be the sum of the following items:
1 The medium flow resistance from low pressure calorifier to deaerator condensed water inlet,
with 20% additional allowance.
2 The static pressure difference of the water columns between the inlet of deaerator condensate
and the minimum water level of low pressure calorifier.
3 The spray pressure required by the spray head at the inlet of deaerator.
4 The maximum working pressure of deaerator, with 15% additional allowance.
5 The vacuum in low pressure calorifier under the corresponding maximum condensed water
volume operating conditions. If the calorifier is under positive pressure, negative value shall be taken.
13.7 Drain Flash Tank, Drain Tank, Drain pump, Low Flush Tank and Low Level Pump
13.7.1 The capacity and quantity of drain flash tanks, drain tanks and drain pumps shall be selected
in accordance with the following requirements:
1 The capacity of drain flash tank should be 0.5m3~1m3 for the units less than 25MW. As for
50MW or above high-pressure units should be respectively arranged with high-pressure drain flash
tank and low-pressure drain flash tank, their capacity should be 1.5m3 respectively.
2 Where 65t/h~130t/h boiler is arranged in power plant, 2 drain tanks may be installed, their
total capacity is 20m3. Where 220t/h~410t/h boiler is arranged in power plant, 2 drain tanks may be
installed, their total capacity is 30m3.
3 2 drain pumps shall be adopted. The capacity of each drain pump should be determined according
to the requirement that the water stored in a drain tank is injected into a deaerator feedwater tank in
0.5h. Its lift shall be determined according to the corresponding static pressure difference, flow resistance
and working pressure of deaerator, with 20% allowance.
13.7.2 Where low-level draining and discharge volume is relatively large and the water quality is
good enough for use, one low flush tank with the capacity of 5m3 and one low level water pump may
be installed. The capacity of low level water pump should be determined according to the requirement
that the water stored in a low flush tank is injected into a drain tank in 0.5h. Its lift shall be determined
according to the corresponding static pressure difference and flow resistance, with 20% additional
allowance. Where drain tank is arranged at low level, low flush tank is not required.
13.8 Industrial Water System
13.8.1 Power plant shall be arranged with industrial water system. Its water supply shall meet the
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cooling water and shaft sealing water consumption of the boilers and turbine accessory machinery in
the main plant building and the neighboring areas, as well and other water consumption, and shall
1 The cooling water of oil cooler of turbine and air cooler of generator shall be directly from
circulating water.
2 Where the pressure and quality of circulating water can meet the cooling water supply
requirement of other equipment, circulating water shall be adopted directly for supply. The water
supply points that circulating water pressure cannot reach shall be arranged with booster pump for
supplying water.
13.8.2 Industrial water of power plant shall have reliable water sources. Industrial water shall have
independent water supply and drainage systems, and shall be planned uniformly in combination with
the requirements of cooling water supply of the extended unit and equipment.
13.8.3 Industrial water system shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where fresh water is adopted as the cooling water source and may be adopted as industrial
water without treatment, open-type system should be adopted; if treatment is required, open-type,
close-type system or the combination of open-type and close-type system may be adopted according
to specific circumstances.
2 Demineralized water closed cycle cooling system should be adopted for the auxiliary equipment
which adopts reclaimed water as the cooling water source and should not be directly cooled by reclaimed
water. In this case, closed circulating water-water cooler shall adopt reclaimed water as the cooling
water source.
3 With seawater as the condenser cooling water source, industrial water may adopt fresh water
close-type, seawater open-type system or the combination of fresh water close-type and seawater
open-type system.
4 As for 50MW or above units, industrial water may adopt close-type demineralized water
system.
5 In open-type industrial water system, the arrangement of industrial water tank may be
determined according to specific circumstances. Head water tank, return water tank (pond), water
pump and water-water cooler or other cooling equipment should be arranged in close-type industrial
water system.
13.8.4 Industrial water pipeline should adopt header-type system.
13.8.5 The total capacity of industrial water pump shall meet the requirement of the maximum water
consumption of the connected industrial water system, with 10% additional allowance.
13.8.6 As for header-type system industrial water system, where there are 2~3 units, 2 industrial
water pumps should be adopted, among which one is for standby use; where there are more than 4
units, 3 industrial water pumps should be used, among which one is for standby use.
13.8.7 The lift of industrial water pump shall be the sum of the following items:
1 The static pressure difference between the highest industrial water point or high-level industrial
water tank inlet and the center line of industrial water pump or the minimum water level of industrial
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water pump sump.
2 The flow resistance (calculated according to the maximum water consumption) of industrial
water between the inflow initial end of industrial water pump and the maximum water supply point
outlet or high level industrial water tank inlet, with 20% additional allowance.
3 The industrial water pump inlet vacuum (where the inlet is under positive pressure, negative
value is taken); when sump sucks water, this item is not counted.
13.8.8 The drainage of open-type industrial water system shall be recycled.
13.8.9 The drainage system of industrial water may adopt free drainage or the combination of free
drainage and pressure drainage:
1 Free drainage shall be connected to the header through hopper and led to drainage ditch or
reclaiming tank.
2 The diameter of pipeline behind water drain funnel shall be enlarged by 1~2 grades.
3 The draining hoppers connecting to the same header shall be arranged at the same elevation.
4 As for the drainage of high equipment, draining hopper shall be set near the equipment, besides,
buffering draining hopper shall be set at the unified elevation that connect with the low end of the
drainage header.
5 The open-type system pressure drainage of oil cooler of turbine and air cooler of generator
should be connected to circulating water drainage system or industrial cooling water pressure drainage
system. The pressure drainage of close-type system shall be directly connected to drainage header and
led to return water tank.
6 Flow indicator shall be installed on the pressure drainage pipeline of auxiliary equipment
bearing.
13.9 Heating Network Calorifier and Its System
13.9.1 The selection of hot water network system shall meet the following requirements:
1 Heating hot water network shall adopt close-type double-pipe system composed of water
supply pipe and return pipe.
2 The hot water network with production process, heating, ventilation, air conditioning and
various heating loads such as domestic hot water, where the difference between the hot water parameters
required for production process heating load and heating load is huge, or the proportion of seasonal
heating load in the total heating load is relatively large, closed type multi-pipe type system may be
adopted after technical and economic comparison.
13.9.2 The capacity and quantity of calorifiers for heating network shall be selected in accordance
with the following requirements:
1 The capacity and quantity of basic calorifiers for heating network shall be selected according
to the heating loads of heating, ventilation and domestic hot water; standby ones shall not be arranged.
Where any basic calorifier for heating network stops operating, other equipment shall meet requirements
of 60%~75% heating load and upper limit shall be taken in severe cold regions.
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2 The arrangement of heating network peak-load calorifier shall be determined through technical
and economic comparison according to factors such as the nature of heating load, transportation distance,
meteorological conditions and heating network system.
13.9.3 Where the heat supply system adopts central system regulation, the capacity, lift and quantity
of circulating water pumps in hot water network shall meet the following requirements:
1 The quantity of circulating water pump in heating network shall not be less than 2, among
which 1 is standby. The total capacity and quantity of circulating water pumps in heating network
shall be able to ensure that when any of them stops, other water pumps shall be able to provide 110%
of the total flow of hot water to heat users.
2 The lift of circulating water pump in heating network shall meet the following requirements:
1) The flow resistance of hot water in calorifier for heating network.
2) The flow resistance of hot water in heat supply pipeline.
3) The pressure loss of hot water in heating station or heat user system.
4) The flow resistance of hot water in return pipeline.
5) The flow resistance of hot water in graded filter.
6) The lift calculated according to items 1~5, with 20% allowance.
13.9.4 Where the heat supply system of hot water system adopts quality-quantity regulation, speed
regulation water pump shall be used for the regulation adopting continuously changing flow; pumps
of different lifts and flows should be used for the regulation adopting flow changing by sections.
13.9.5 The capacity, lift and quantity of condensate pumps in heating network shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The capacity of condensate pumps in heating network shall be selected according to 100% of
the total condensation volume (including the maximum condensed water volume when peak-load
calorifier is put into use) that flow back from all-level calorifier for heating network level by level.
2 The quantity of condensate pumps in heating network shall not be less than 2, among which
1 is standby.
3 The lift of condensate pump in heating network shall be the sum of the following items:
1) The medium flow resistance from basic calorifier for heating network to deaerator
condensed water inlet, which is calculated according to the maximum condensation volume
including when peak-load calorifier is put into use; where drain cooler is arranged, the
resistance of drain cooler shall be added, with additional 10% ~20% allowance.
2) The spray pressure required by the spray head at the inlet of deaerator.
3) The static pressure difference of the water columns between the inlet of deaerator and
the minimum water level of condensed water of basic calorifier for heating network.
4) The maximum working pressure of deaerator, with 15% additional allowance.
5) The working pressure on the steam side of basic calorifier for heating network, it is
positive pressure, negative value shall be taken.
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4 Condensate pumps in heating network shall adopt hot water pumps.
13.9.6 The normal water supplement volume of close-type hot water network should be 1%~2% of
the circulating water volume of heating network. The capacity of water supplement equipment should
be 4% of the circulating water volume of heating network, among which 0.5%~1% water shall be
chemically softened deoxidized water and boiler blowdown water, while other water required shall be
industrial water or domestic water. Where industrial water or domestic water is adopted for replenishment,
the system shall be installed with recording flowmeter. Corrosion inhibitor shall be added into the
replenished industrial water or domestic water.
13.9.7 The water supplement mode of hot water network, the capacity and quantity of make-up
pump shall meet the following requirements:
1 Sewage from continuous blowdown flash tank of boiler shall be preferentially used for
supplying heating network. Where conditions permit, the water supplement of water tank of deaerator
may be directly used for supplying heating network. Where these two direct water supplements can
meet the normal water supplement volume of heating network, one emergency make-up pump of
heating network for industrial water or domestic water supplement may be arranged according to 2%
of the circulating water volume of heating network.
2 Where the water stored in deaerator water tank directly supplying the system of heating
network, the circulating water pump in heating network is out of service, and the static pressure
required by heating network cannot be maintained, one heating network make-up pump shall be
arranged, the capacity may be 2% of the circulating water volume of heating network.
3 In the system where the return water pressure of heating network is relatively high, the water
stored in deaerator water tank cannot directly supply heating network, 2 heating network make-up
pumps shall be arranged, among which one is for standby use. The capacity of each pump may be 2%
of the circulating water volume of heating network.
13.9.8 The pressurization method of hot water network shall be determined through technical and
economic comparison. Make-up pump may also be used for pressurization. Pressurization point,
namely water supplement point, should be arranged at the entrance of circulating water pump in heating
network. Make-up pump may adopt pressure switch or passive primary instrument to automatically
control the start/stop of make-up pump. Standby make-up pump of heating network shall be able to be
put into use automatically.
13.9.9 The lift of heating network, which is also used for pressurization, shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The height difference between the peak point in heating network system and the water
supplement point of the system.
2 The vapor pressure of high temperature hot water.
3 30kPa~50kPa safe pressure allowance.
4 The resistance loss in suction pipeline of make-up pump, with 20% additional allowance.
5 The resistance loss in outlet pipeline of make-up pump, with 20% additional allowance.
6 The pressure of make-up tank and the height (negative value is taken) of the minimum water
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level of make-up tank above the water supplement point of system.
7 The lift of the make-up pump of heating network selected according to the calculation results
in items 1~6 shall be consistent with the return water pressure at the pressurization point calculated
according to the hydraulic working conditions of hot water network.
13.9.10 Circulating water pump in heating network and make-up pump shall be powered by their
independent power supply.
13.9.11 Heating network system shall be provided with decontamination, degassing and water strike
prevention measures.
13.10 Temperature and Pressure Reducing Device
13.10.1 The thermal power plant equipped with extraction turbine or back-pressure turbine shall be
arranged with a set of standby temperature and pressure reducing device respectively according to the
parameters of production steam extraction or exhaust steam, the capacity of temperature and pressure
reducing device shall be equal to the maximum steam extraction or steam discharge of the largest
turbine.
13.10.2 Where any one of steam turbines is out of service, if other turbines are able to supply 60%~
75% (upper limit is taken in severe cold regions) of heat for heating, ventilation and living, standby
temperature and pressure reducing device for heating and steam extraction or exhaust may not be
installed.
13.10.3 Where the steam extraction or exhaust parameters of heat-supply unit are not suitable to be
used as auxiliary steam source, temperature and pressure reducing device or reducing valve may be
adopted to reduce the steam extraction or exhaust of higher parameters to the required parameters.
13.10.4 Temperature and pressure reducing device or reducing valve frequently operating shall be
arranged with a set for standby use.
13.11 Condensed Water Recovery Plant of Steam Heat Supply Network
13.11.1 Where the heat users adopting indirect heating can return the qualified condensed water, and
it is reasonable technically and economically, return water collecting device shall be installed in
power plant. The capacity and quantity of return water tanks shall be determined according to specific
conditions, the quantity of reclaimed water tanks shall not be less than 2.
13.11.2 2 return water pumps should be set, among which one is standby. The capacity of each
pump should be determined according to the requirement of pumping the water stored in backwater
tank within 1h. The lift may be determined according to the requirement of its delivery to deaerator.
13.12 Steam Condenser and Its Auxiliary Facilities
13.12.1 The materials of water chamber, pipe plate and pipe bundle of condenser shall be determined
according to circulating water quality. For the units adopting seawater or river water with higher
chloride due to tide influence as circulating water, condenser made of seawater corrosion resistant
materials should be adopted.
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13.12.2 The condenser of turbine, except the direct-flow water supply system with favorable water
quality and with the internal wall of condenser pipe free from scaling, and with little suspended matters
in water, shall be installed with rubber ball cleaning device.
13.12.3 The condenser of turbine shall be arranged with reliable vacuum pumping equipment.
25MW or below units may be arranged with steam injection or water injection vapor extractor;
50MW~100MW units not only may be arranged with water injection vapor extractor, but also water-
ring vacuum pump.
13.12.4 As for the turbine vacuum pumping system of air-cooling unit, 2 water-ring vacuum pumps
should be arranged for each air-cooling unit. The capacity of each pump shall meet the requirement of
condenser to vacuumize normally.
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14 Water Treatment Equipment and System
14.1 Water Pretreatment
14.1.1 Representative water source tracing shall be determined and total water quality analysis shall
be conducted to analyze water variation trend through technical and economic comparison according
to all the available and reliable water source near the power plant, so as to select water source which
may be used for the power plant.
14.1.2 As for surface water, the water quality change rule during high water period and low water
period over the years shall be known and the possible pollution conditions of raw water along the
route shall be forecasted, to obtain relevant data; as for the water source affected by inwelling or
farmland irrigation and drainage, the fluctuation of water quality caused by the influence shall be
known; as for ground water in limestone regions, the water quality stabilization shall be known; as for
reuse water such as reclaimed water and mine drainage, the source and advanced treatment conditions
shall be known; as for seawater, the high lower water rule and salt content shall be known.
14.1.3 As for the selected water source, if its water quality has seasonal deterioration, standby water
source may be arranged through technical and economic comparison.
14.1.4 The complete analysis of raw water quality shall meet the following requirements:
1 Annual monthly data shall be provided for surface water and reclaimed water, 12 pieces in
total.
2 Annual quarterly data shall be provided for ground water, seawater and mine drainage, 4
pieces at least.
3 The acquired water quality data shall be verified and adopted design water quality and checking
water quality shall be determined. The format of raw water quality complete analysis report should
meet the requirements of Appendix A of this code.
14.1.5 Raw water pretreatment system shall be determined through technical and economic comparison
according to raw water quality, water quality requirements by later treatment process, treating water
volume and test data, on the basis of water management of the whole plant as well as operating
experiences of similar plants, and in combination with local conditions. The pretreatment mode of raw
water shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where the silt content is too large for the pretreatment system equipment to bear, pre-
sedimentation facilities shall be arranged to reduce silt content.
2 Chlorination treatment or non-oxidizing biocide treatment may be adopted according to the

types of organic substances in water area, where the above-mentioned treatment still fail to meet the
inflow requirements of equipment at the next grade, active carbon, absorption resin or other methods
may be simultaneously used to remove organic substances.
3 Precipitation (coagulation), clarification, filtration, contact coagulation, filtration or membrane

filtration and pretreatment methods may be adopted respectively according to the contents of different
suspended substances and colloid in raw water.
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4 Where groundwater contains sand, desanding measure shall be considered; where the contents
of iron, manganese and non-activated silica in raw water have influence on the water quality of
follow-up water processing system, they shall be removed.
5 The raw water with relatively high carbonate hardness and requiring comprehensive treatment
on pollution should be treated jointly by lime, weak acid ion exchange or other agent through technical
and economic comparison.
6 Where the raw water temperature is relatively low, which influences pretreatment effect,
heating measure should be taken.
7 As for reclaimed water source such as reclaimed water and mine drainage, process such as
biochemical treatment, sterilization, filtration, lime coagulation clarification and membrane filtration
shall be adopted according to water quality characteristics.
14.1.6 The equipment selection of pretreatment system shall meet the following requirements:
1 The arrangement of clarifier shall meet the following requirements:
1) The selection of clarifier shall be determined according to inflow water quality, treating
water volume and effluent water quality requirement, in combination with local conditions.
2) The quantity of clarifiers should not be less than 2, where one of them is undergoing
overhauling, other clarifiers shall guarantee normal water supply. As for short-term and
seasonal treatment, only one may be set.
3) Air separation plant shall be arranged in front of clarifier installed with raw water
calorifier.
2 The arrangement of filter shall meet the following requirements:
1) The selection of filter shall be determined according to inflow water quality, treating
water volume, treatment system and water quality requirements, in combination with
local conditions.
2) The quantity of filters shall not be less than 2, where one of them is undergoing overhauling,
other filters shall guarantee normal water supply.
3 The arrangement of ultrafiltration (microfiltration) device shall meet the following requirements:
1) The design of ultrafiltration (microfiltration) device shall select suitable membrane module
type, membrane material and device operation mode according to inflow water quality
characteristics and effluent water quality requirements.
2) The quantity of ultrafiltration (microfiltration) device shall not be less than 2. The
arrangement of membrane shall consider the influence of membrane flux attenuation and
pressure difference increase during use.
4 The arrangement of water tank (ponds) and water pump shall meet the following requirements:
1) The total effective volume of water tanks (ponds) in pretreatment system shall be designed
according to system self-use water volume, arrangement of front and rear system output
as well as system operation requirements, it may be allocated according to the 1h~2h
water storage capacity at the system pre-stage.
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2) Standby pump shall be considered for the water pump of header-type system. Where
water pump is arranged at the place higher than the minimum water level of tank (pond),
independent suction pipe shall be provided for each pump.
14.1.7 Clarifier sludge discharge and filter backwash should be controlled by program.
14.1.8 Necessary online supervision instrument shall be arranged for pretreatment system.
14.2 Water Pre-desalination
14.2.1 Water pre-desalination shall cover sea water desalination and pre-desalination process of
brackish water and other water. And appropriate pre-desalination process shall be selected according
to type of incoming water and characteristics of water quality.
14.2.2 Seawater desalination process may adopt reverse osmosis method or distillation method
technology. Seawater desalination process shall be determined through technical and economic
comparison according to such factors as site conditions, sea water source, water quality, supply steam,
power supply, system capability and effluent water quality requirements.
14.2.3 The reverse osmosis pre-desalination shall meet the following requirements:
1 The selection and allocation of reverse osmosis system shall meet the following requirements:
1) System configuration shall be reasonably selected for reverse osmosis pre-desalination

system according to raw water characteristics, pretreatment mode and recovery rate, etc.
The recovery rate of product water of single level reverse osmosis device shall not be
less than 45% for sea water and shall be 55%~85% for other water sources.
2) Reverse osmosis devices should be designed according to continuous operation and shall
not be less than 2. Standby equipment should be considered. The whole system shall
meet the water demand of system for washing and overhauling reverse osmosis device.
The output of finished product shall match the follow-up system water consumption;
membrane flux should be selected according to lower limit.
3) Measures to control flow, pressure and temperature, etc. shall be provided for reverse
osmosis device; reverse osmosis shall adopt variable frequency high-pressure pump and
be provided with inflow low voltage protection and effluent high-pressure protection
measures; where several reverse osmosis devices are connected in parallel, check valve
shall be set on the outlet pipe of each device; rupture disk should be arranged on the
fresh water side of reverse osmosis device; flow control valve shall be set for discharge
of concentrated water.
4) The concentrated water of reverse osmosis device should be recycled to appropriate

water use point.
5) Reverse osmosis device shall be equipped with matching dosing and washing facilities.
6) The material of seawater pre-desalination reverse osmosis device shall have sufficient
strength and corrosion resistance according to its position.
2 Reverse osmosis device and its dosing, washing maintenance device should be arranged indoor;
membrane element replacement space shall be considered.
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14.2.4 Seawater distillation and pre-desalination shall meet the following requirements:
1 Seawater pretreatment system shall be determined according to suspended matter content in

raw seawater and the inflow water quality requirement by distillation apparatus.
2 Distillation and desalination device shall be arranged with dosing device for marine growth
and scaling prevention as well as defoaming.
3 Distillation and desalination device system output may be determined according to fresh water
consumption required for the engineering. No standby is arranged for device, the device quantity
should not be less than 2. Device, auxiliary water tank and auxiliary facilities, etc. should be arranged
outdoor.
4 Steam for heating and vacuuming of distillation and desalination device may adopt turbine
extraction steam, the parameter of heating steam may be determined through technical and economic
comparison.
5 Multi stage flash evaporator brine maximum operating temperature shall not be larger than
110, the operating temperature of low-temperature multiple-effect desalination plant should be less
than 70. Device material shall be resistant to seawater corrosion and be able to adapt variations of
such parameters as temperature, pH value, O2 and CO2. Heat exchanger tube may adopt stainless steel,
copper alloy, aluminium or titanium materials; vessels may adopt stainless steel or carbon steel lining
high temperature resistant anti-corrosion coating.
14.2.5 If the effluent of desalination plant is regarded as industrial water, water conditioning measures
shall be taken to reduce corrosion of industrial water system; where it is regarded as drinking water,
further follow-up treatment shall be considered to reach the standard of potable water.
14.2.6 The operation mode of pre-desalination system shall be controlled by program.
14.3 Boiler Makeup Water Treatment
14.3.1 Boiler make-up water treatment system shall meet the following requirements:
1 Boiler make-up water treatment should adopt ion exchange combination desalting technology.
Process system shall be protocoled according to such factors as system inflow water quality, water
supply of steam turbine generator unit, boiler water, steam quality standard, make-up water rate and
reclaimed water ratio of heating network.
2 As for ion exchange unit without front pre-desalination system, the recycled liquid of recycled
anion resin should be heated, the temperature shall not be higher than 40.
3 The working exchange capacity of ion exchange resin should be determined according to
resin performance parameter, resin amount in (unit system) cation bed or anion bed, or through similar
operating experience comparison.
4 In the technical and economic comparison of the selected system, the normal water supplement
volume of boiler and annual average quality raw water shall be used for calculation, and the worst raw
water quality shall be used for checking system and equipment.
5 Boiler make-up water treatment system output shall be determined according to the sum of
all normal water in power plant, water added due to steam loss and start-up or emergency, steam loss
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and self-use water volume of demineralization system. The water and steam loss of power plant may
be calculated according to those specified in Table 14.3.1.
Table 14.3.1 Normal Water, Steam Loss and External Demineralized Water Supply of Power Plant
No. Loss category Normal loss
1 Water and steam system circulation loss in power plant 2%~3% of rated evaporating capacity of boiler
It shall be in accordance calculation or boiler factory data, but

2 Sewerage loss of drum boiler in power plant
should not be less than 0.3%
3 Other water and steam consumption loss in power plant In accordance with engineering data
4 External steam supply loss In accordance with engineering data
0.5%~1% of water quantity of hot water network or in

5 Close-type hot water network loss
accordance with engineering data
6 External demineralized water supply amount In accordance with engineering data
Note: 1 The loss added due to start-up or emergency should be considered according to 6%~10% rated evaporating capacity of the
largest boiler in the whole plant or not less than 10m3/h.
2 Normal sewerage loss of drum boiler should not exceed the following values: 1% for condensing type power plant and 2%
for heat supply power plant.
3 As for other water and steam for power plant use as well as make-up water of close-type hot water network, suitable steam
supply mode and make-up water treatment mode shall be determined through technical and economic comparison.
4 The loss of close-type auxiliary machine cooling water system of power plant shall be calculated according to 0.3%~0.6%
of the cooling water quantity or according to the actual consumption.
14.3.2 The selection of boiler make-up water treatment equipment shall meet the following req-
uirements:
1 The quantity of various ion exchangers shall not be less than 2, and the regular regeneration
times should be considered less than once according to every ion exchanger in every day and night
2 Effective volume of intermediate water tank: should be 6min water storage capacity of the
system water output for fixed bed unit system ; should be 4min water storage capacity of the system
water output for floating bed unit system; the capacity of intermediate water tank shall not be less than
2m3; should be 15min~30min water storage capacity of the flow passing through water tank for header-
type system.
3 The water yield of electrical demineralizer shall match the capacity of the previous treatment
process, the water recovery rate of device shall be larger than 90%; hydrogen discharge measure shall
be taken where electrode rinse is discharged.
4 Desalting water tank capacity shall match water treatment equipment output and meet the
requirement of chemical cleaning of the largest boiler or the water demand for starting unit; the total
effective volume should be determined according to the 2h~3h water supplement quantity of the whole
plant. Measures to reduced water pollution by air should be taken for desalting water tank.
5 The flow capacity of demineralized water pipeline from water treatment workshop to the
main plant building shall be able to meet the start-up water consumption of the largest unit or the water
demand for chemical cleaning of boiler and normal water supplement volume of other units.
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14.4 Chemical Dosing and Water and Steam Sampling for Thermal System
14.4.1 The chemical dosing treatment of thermal system shall meet the requirements of steam and
water quality of unit and the relevant requirements of the current professional standard Guide for
Chemical Supervision of Water and Steam in Thermal Power Plants DL/T 561 and shall meet the
1 Boiler water shall be carried out with alkaline treatment by using phosphate or sodium hydroxide.
2 Ammonia shall be added into boiler feedwater to calibrate water treatment.
3 Hydrazine should be added into boiler feedwater for treatment.
4 Close cold water dosing facility shall be arranged for the unit with close-type demineralized
water cooling system. Hydrazine, phosphate or other corrosion inhibitors may be selected.
5 Demineralized water or condensed water shall be adopted for chemical preparation.
14.4.2 Dosing position should be determined according to boiler circuit of boiler manufacturer.
14.4.3 Dosing system should be reasonably arranged according to the quantity of construction units.
The quantity of each kind of liquid tanks frequently and continuously operating shall not be less than
2.
14.4.4 Liquid tank shall be provided with stirring facilities; filter screen shall be arranged at the feed
inlet of solid chemical, filter should be arranged on the feeding side of each dosing pump, and pressure
stabilizer and pressure gage shall be installed on the outlet pipeline.
14.4.5 The water and steam sampling point of thermal system shall be determined according to unit
capability, type, parameter and chemical supervision requirements, and shall meet the relevant req-
uirements of Analytical Methods of Steam and Water in Power PlantsPart 2: Sampling Method For
Steam and Water DL/T 502.2. The lead-out position of sampling point shall be determined according
to the operating conditions of boiler water and water supply as well as dosing mode.
14.4.6 Each unit should be arranged with intensive water and steam sampling analysis device and
shall be equipped with online monitor online monitoring instrument meeting unit operation requirements.
14.4.7 Water and steam sampling system shall be provided with reliable, continuous and stable
cooling water source, and demineralized water or close cold water should be adopted.
14.4.8 Dosing and sampling tubes should be stainless steel tubes.
14.4.9 Dosing and sampling devices should be arranged physically and intensively, and on-site
water and steam test laboratory should be set nearby.
14.5 Cooling Water Treatment
14.5.1 Cooling water treatment system shall be determined through technical and economic comparison
according to condenser cooling method, water balance of the whole plant and cooling water quality.
And water saving and environment protection treatment process shall be selected by considering such
factors as scale prevention, corrosion protection and the growth of algae and aquatic.
14.5.2 As for secondary circulation cooling water system of condenser, the concentration multiple
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of fresh water or other water shall not be less than 3.5; where seawater cooling tower is adopted, the
concentration multiple shall not be larger than 2.5.
14.5.3 Where reclaimed water or other recycle water is regarded as make-up water source of circulating
water, the water can directly supply the circulating water system if its quality meets operating requirements,
otherwise advanced treatment shall be carried out. Advanced treatment facilities should be arranged in
the plant.
14.5.4 Where copper condenser tube is adopted, ferrous sulfate (or other chemicals) film forming
treatment facility should be arranged, the dosing point shall be near the condenser inlet.
14.6 Treatment for Makeup Water and Production Return Water of Heating Network
14.6.1 Make-up water of heating network may adopt boiler blow-down water, softened water, reverse
osmosis effluent or Grade I demineralized water. The treatment process shall be determined through
technical and economic comparison by comprehensively considering the water processing system of
the whole plant.
14.6.2 The treatment method of production return water shall be determined according to pollution
conditions; adopting separate treatment system or combining with boiler make-up water treatment
system is allowed.
14.6.3 The quality standard of production return water shall meet the following requirements:
1 The total hardness shall be less than or equal to 50g/L.
2 The total iron shall be less than or equal to 0.5mg/L.
3 The oil content shall be less than or equal to 10mg/L.
14.7 Chemical Storage and Solution Tank
14.7.1 The arrangement of chemical water treatment chemical warehouse shall be determined according
to factors such as chemical consumption, supply and transportation conditions.
14.7.2 Chemical storage facilities should be near railways or plant area roads. In chemical warehouse,
corresponding anti-corrosion measures shall be taken and security facilities and ventilation facilities
must be arranged.
14.8 Design and Corrosion Protection of Tanks, Grooves, Pipelines and Valves
14.8.1 Water tank (pond) shall be provided with water meter, inflow pipe, outlet pipe, overflow pipe,
water blow-down pipe, respiratory pipe and manhole as well as measures for the convenience of
maintenance and cleaning.
14.8.2 Pipeline material and valve shall meet the requirements of medium characteristics.
14.8.3 Insulation and antifreezing measures shall be taken for outdoor water tanks, pipelines, valves
and liquid level meters, etc. in cold regions.
14.8.4 The internal surfaces of tank (pond) and groove shall be carried out with anti-corrosion coating
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according to the property of the stock solution. The internal surface of drainage ditch and external
surface of directly-buried steel pipe shall be coated with suitable anti-corrosion coating. The selection
of anticorrosive materials shall consider the relevant requirements of occupational health and labor
safety during coating construction.
14.9 Laboratory and Instruments
14.9.1 Chemical laboratory for analyzing water, steam, coal and oil shall be arranged in and corre-
sponding analytical instruments shall be set for power plant according to unit capability and parameter,
in combination with online chemical meter allocation level of the whole plant. Water treatment workshop
should be arranged with on-site laboratory room. Where there is central laboratory in enterprise, the
self-supply power plant should be only arranged with duty laboratory room and corresponding instruments
and equipment.
14.9.2 The laboratory shall be far away from pollution locations.
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15 Information System
15.1.1 Overall planning and construction of plant information system shall achieve technical advan-
cement and economic rationality as well as meet the practical construction and operation requirements
of the power plant.
15.1.2 Overall planning and construction of plant information system shall be carried out under the
unified planning frame of the enterprise.
15.1.3 Computer based different information systems should adopt unified network and hardware
systems under the premise of meeting safe and reliable requirements. For different systems, mutual
cross and repeat of software and functional configuration shall be avoided as much as possible.
15.1.4 Design of each information system in the power plant shall be considered of precautionary
safety measures to effectively prevent from virus infection and hacker intrusion, etc..
15.2 Overall Planning of Plant Information System
15.2.1 Power plant information system mainly include the management information system, quotation
system, video monitoring system and access guard management system, etc..
15.2.2 In overall planning design of each control system and information system of the whole plant,
information resources of each system shall be reasonably used to make sure that the control system
and information system will be in coordinating and unifying.
15.2.3 Overall planning of plant information system shall be considered of information features and
demands of the power plant, and shall meet actual requirements at design, construction, debugging
and operation stages, etc..
15.2.4 Overall planning of plant information system shall give consideration to the current situation,
keep a foothold on this period and look to the future.
15.2.5 Overall planning of plant information system shall fully utilize all real-time production
information of the control systems in the whole plant and shall be arranged through reasonable network
interface and database to effectively integrate control systems and information systems in the whole
plant.
15.2.6 Data flow between real-time system and non-real-time system shall be unidirectional tran-
smission and necessary separation measures shall be taken.
15.3 Management Information System (MIS)
15.3.1 Power plant management information system shall be arranged according to enterprise
requirements, and its scale and configuration shall be determined according to the enterprise overall
planning and power plant actual demands. The management information system shall be unified
planning and distributed implement.
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15.3.2 For constructed power plant, expansion capacity required by the future extension under the
planning capability shall be reserved; for extended power plant, the existing information system shall
be fully considered, if necessary, the existing information system may be reformed or again constructed.
15.3.3 Management information system shall cover two management information systems, namely
systems during construction period and production period. Functions of management information
system during the construction period shall at least cover process management, quality control, material
management, cost management, security environment management, drawing document management,
integrated query and system maintenance, etc.. Functions of management information system during
production period shall at least cover production management, equipment management, fuel management,
operation management, administrative management, integrated query and system maintenance, etc.
When developing the management information system of production period, resources of management
information system during construction period shall be fully considered, and connection and transition
problems with management information system during construction period shall be taken care.
15.3.4 For main key-hardware of the management information system, redundant configuration
should be taken into consideration including the database server, core switchboard and optical access
between the core switchboard and the secondary switchboard, etc..
15.3.5 Data of management information system shall be taken from the real-time/ historical database,
relational data base, information database and file system, and its scope should cover each profession
and each application field, and it shall realize general data storage.
15.3.6 Information sorting and encoding shall meet the following requirements:
1 Information sorting and encoding principles: for information sorting and encoding, existing
standards shall be adopted as much as possible; where there is no standard, principle of complying
with scientificity, uniqueness, practicality and expandability shall be used for formulating the sorting
code number.
2 List of standard information sorting code number: list instruction for standard information
sorting code number in information management system shall be carried out.
3 Self-compiled information sorting code number list: list instruction for self-compiled information
sorting code number in information management system shall be carried out.
15.4 Quotation system
15.4.1 The power plant quotation system shall be arranged according to the requirements of electricity
market transaction system.
15.5 Video Monitoring System
15.5.1 The whole plant video monitoring system shall be arranged according to requirements of
enterprise, and it may be classified into the video monitoring systems for security and production.
15.5.2 The monitoring scope of the video monitoring systems for security and production should
include: main plant building (including such dangerous areas as the turbine oil system, coal pulverizing
system, oil burner in front of boiler and the cable interlayer, etc.), centralized control room, boiler rear
(dedusting and desulfurizing), zone for booster station, zone for important equipment (for example,
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high/low voltage distribution room), coal handling system, zone for cooling tower, unattended auxiliary
workshop and important zones related with plant safety (for example, the plant front door, the material
storage and the complex building), etc..
15.5.3 Functions of video monitoring system should include real-time monitoring, dynamic storage,
real-time alarm, historic screen playback and network transmission, etc..
15.5.4 The whole plant may be arranged with a set of video monitoring system, or the video monitoring
systems for security and production may by separately arranged.
15.5.5 Equipment selection of video monitoring system shall meet the relevant requirements of the
current national standard Technical Code for Regulation of Civil Closed Circuit Monitoring TV
System GB 50198.
15.6 Access Guard Management System
15.6.1 The power plant may be arranged with access guard management system according to
requirements of enterprise.
15.6.2 Application scope of access guard management system should cover important equipment
areas in main plant building such as electronic equipment room, high/low-voltage distribution room
and computer room, unattended auxiliary workshop, important rooms in the production complex
building zone such as the laboratory and information system rooms, etc..
15.6.3 Functions of access guard management system should cover real-time monitoring, access
authority management, records, alarm and fire alarm linkage, etc..
15.7 Wiring
15.7.1 The wiring design in the power plant shall meet the relevant requirements of the current
national standard, Code for Engineering Design of Generic Cabling System GB 50311, and systems
as the management information system, video monitoring system and access guard management
system should be uniformly considered according to the integrated wiring mode.
15.8 Information Security
15.8.1 For information security design, precautionary safety measures shall be respectively considered
for hardware, network operation system, database, application services, customer service and terminal,
etc. according to configuration contents of information system.
15.8.2 For information security design, safety of hardware and environment shall be taken into
consideration, including backup and disaster recovery of server and storage device as well as safety
and environmental requirements of network equipment, etc..
15.8.3 For information security design, safety of network operation system shall be considered,
including the system reliability, intersystem access control and user access control.
15.8.4 For information security design, database safety shall be taken into consideration. The database
shall be possessed of comprehensive protective function for the data storage including requirements
for data safety and data recovery, user access control and consistency and confidentiality of data, etc..
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15.8.5 For information security design, the safety of application system shall be considered, including
the user access control, identification, operation record, anti-virus and anti-hacker, etc..
15.8.6 For information security design, the safety of interconnection interface among each information
system in the plant and interfaces connected with the outside.
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16 Instrumentation and Control
16.1.1 Type selection of instrument and control system shall be designed in allusion to the unit
characteristic to meet the requirements of unit safe and economical operation and unit start and stop
control.
16.1.2 The instrument and control system shall be selected with equipment and components of
advanced technology, reliable quality and high cost performance.
16.1.3 For new product and new technology, they shall be used into the design only with successful
application experience.
16.1.4 For decentralized control system (DCS) or programmable logic controller (PLC), precautionary
safety measures shall be taken into consideration.
16.2 Control Mode and Automation Level
16.2.1 The control mode should be centralized control. The centralized control mode includes boiler-
turbine electricity centralized control, boiler-turbine centralized control, boiler centralized control and
steam turbine centralized control mode. The operator shall be able to realize the start, stop and
monitoring and adjustment under normal operating conditions as well as accident handling and emergency
shutdown under abnormal operating conditions through the operator station set in the centralized
control room or the control room, by the coordination of the local operators and routing inspection
personnel.
16.2.2 The control system for the unit or the main plant building shall consist of the decentralized
control system (DCS) or the programmable logic controller (PLC). The control system shall be
arranged with the operator station, engineer station, history station and printer, etc.. Selection of control
level, control system and control equipment of self-supply power plant shall be consistent with or
equivalent to the enterprise integrated automation level.
16.2.3 For unitization system unit, each unit shall be set with a set of control system; for header-type
steam and water circuit, a set or several sets of control systems may be arranged according to the
conditions of header system; for heating network system in the heating power plant, it should be
incorporated into the unit or main plant building control system for monitoring.
16.2.4 For the auxiliary workshops, control rooms shall be combined according to that the workshops
are nearby or the properties are similar, and in accordance with the principle of reducing control points,
to intensively control them according to the zone. For auxiliary workshops with simple technological
process and convenient local operation, the local control mode may also be adopted.
16.2.5 For auxiliary workshops of centralized control mode, each zone shall be arranged with a set
of control system; it monitoring system may consist of the programmable logic controller (PLC) or
the decentralized control system (DCS). The desulfurization monitoring system should be consistent
with the hardware of main plant building monitoring system, and the desulfurization system may also
adopt remote I/O or hard-wired mode, and it shall be incorporated into the unit or main plant building
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control system for monitoring.
16.2.6 Wet cooled unit circulating water pump (or air cooling unit auxiliary machine cooling water
pump room), air cooling island system, fuel oil pump room, air compressor room, denitration system
and non-wet desulphurization system and heating network etc. should adopt remote I/0 or hard-wired
mode, and they shall be incorporated into the unit or main plant building control system for monitoring.
16.3 Layout of Control Room and Electronic Equipment Room
16.3.1 Layout of control room and electronic equipment room shall be uniformly considered according
to the power plant planning capability and unit type and quantity. For staging constructed power plant,
the control room and electronic equipment room may be arranged according to characteristics of
engineering construction of each stage.
16.3.2 For unitization system, the centralized control room shall be arranged. For header-type steam
and water circuit, corresponding centralized control rooms shall be arranged according to conditions
of the header system. The elevation of the centralized control room shall be the same with the operating
story.
16.3.3 The instrumentation and control electronic equipment rooms may be merged with the electric
electronic equipment room for arrangement, and may also be separately arranged. For the electronic
equipment room, the determination of relatively centralized arrangement or dispersed arrangement
may be determined according to the arrangement conditions of the processing equipment.
16.3.4 The auxiliary workshop may be arranged with three control points, including the fuel system
control point, water system control point and ash system control point. Each control point shall be
arranged with control room, and the electronic equipment room and control room should be merged
for arrangement.
16.3.5 The desulfurization control room may be separately arranged, where conditions approve, it
shall be merged with the control room of ash system for arrangement.
16.3.6 The layout position and area of control room and electronic equipment room shall meet the
1 The control room and electronic equipment room shall be located at the moderate position of
the controlled equipment.
2 The electronic equipment room which is convenient to the entrance of the cable.
3 Keep clear from the influence of large-scale vibratory equipment.
4 It shall not be situated on the plant expansion joint and on the settlement joint or on the
platform with different bases.
5 The operating maintenance operating site in front of the control room operating floor shall
meet the requirements for the convenience of operating and monitoring personnels work and shifting
of duty.
6 The clearance of the control room and electronic equipment room shall meet the requirements
of safety, installation, overhaul, maintenance and operating and monitoring for personnel works.
7 Passageway between the plate-cabinet and the wall, at both sides of the plate-cabinet and
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between plate-cabinets shall meet the requirements on the minimum safety distance, maintenance,
overhaul, debugging, pass through and heat dissipation of the thermal control equipment.
16.3.7 The environmental facilities of control room and electronic equipment room shall meet the
1 The control room and electronic equipment room shall be equipped with well-conditioned air
conditioner, lighting, heat insulation, fire protection, dustproof, waterproof, vibration-proof and noise-
proof measures.
2 The electronic equipment room shall also meet the requirements on environment of the
control system and control equipment.
16.4 Measurement and Instrument
16.4.1 Design of measurement and instrument shall meet the requirements on unit safety and
economical operation, and shall be able to accurately measure and display the operation parameter
and operation state of each equipment in the process system.
16.4.2 Measurement and instrument shall include the following contents:
1 Main operation parameters of the boiler shall include the following contents:
1) Furnace pressure or negative pressure.
2) Boiler water level.
3) Boiler metal wall temperature.
4) Flue gas oxygen content.
5) Furnace flame monitoring for pulverized coal boiler.
6) Bed temperature of circulating fluidized bed boiler.
7) Bed pressure of circulating fluidized bed boiler.
8) Main steam pressure at the boiler exit.
9) Main steam temperature at the boiler exit.
10) Main pipe steam pressure of the boiler.
11) Main pipe steam temperature of the boiler.
2 Main operation parameters of the turbine shall include the following contents:
1) The turbine speed regulation level pressure (if any).
2) The extraction pressure of each section.
3) The extraction temperature of each section.
4) The turbine exhaust steam vacuum.
5) Turbine rotating speed.
6) The turbine bears metal temperature.

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7) Vibrating of turbine.
8) Turbine axial displacement.
9) Lubricating oil pressure of turbine.
10) The steam pressure in front of the main throttle valve of the turbine.
11) The steam temperature in front of the main throttle valve of the turbine.
12) The main steam flow.
3 Main operation parameters of the heating network shall include the following contents:
1) External heat-supply temperature.
2) External heat-supply pressure.
3) External heat-supply flow.
4 Main operation parameters of the deaerated feedwater system shall include the following
contents:
1) Deaerator water level.
2) Deaerator pressure.
3) Main feedwater pressure.
4) Main feedwater flow.
5 Main operation parameters of the desulfurization system.
6 Main operation parameters of the auxiliary system.
7 Main operation parameters of the air cooling island system.
8 Operation state and operation parameters of main auxiliary machines.
9 State and operation parameters of the power supply and air supply of the instrument and
control.
16.4.3 Selection of the measuring instrument shall meet the following requirements:
1 The instrument accuracy grade shall meet the following requirements:
1) The measuring instrument used for economic calculation and analysis shall be Grade 0.5.
2) The measuring instrument used for main parameters shall be Grade 1.
3) Other measuring instruments shall be Grade 1.5 or 2.5.
2 The instrument and control equipment shall be selected with suitable protection grade according
to the area.
3 Where corrosive medium or viscous medium is measured, instrument and isolation instrument
with anti-corrosion performance shall be selected or proper isolation measures shall be adopted.
4 According to the classification of the hazardous site, the instrument and control equipment
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installed at the explosion danger zone shall be selected with appropriate explosion-proof instrument
and control equipment.
5 Instruments and meters containing harmful substance to human body should not be used, and
the instrument with mercury is strictly forbidden.
16.4.4 Main and auxiliary machinery equipment and process pipeline shall be equipped with local
measuring instruments used for on-site inspection and local operation by the routing inspection personnel.
16.5 Analog Quantity Control
16.5.1 The analog quantity control system shall meet the control requirements of the unit normal
operation. The design of the control circuit shall comply with the principles of practicality and reliability.
It shall as much as possible adapt to the safe and economic operation requirements of the unit in the
process of starting and at different loading stages, as well as consider corresponding interlock protective
measures for units under accident and abnormal conditions.
16.5.2 The analog quantity control should be arranged with the following items:
1 Boiler feedwater regulating system.
2 Boiler fuel quantity regulating system.
3 Boiler furnace pressure regulating system.
4 Boiler superheat temperature control system.
5 Boiler main pipe steam pressure regulating system.
6 Deaerator pressure regulating system.
7 Deaerator water level regulating system.
8 Heater water level regulating system.
9 Heating network desuperheater and decompressor temperature control system.
10 Heating network desuperheater and decompressor pressure regulating system.
11 Circulating fluidized bed boiler bed temperature regulating system.
12 Circulating fluidized bed boiler bed pressure regulating system.
16.6 Switching Value Control and Interlocking
16.6.1 Functions of switching value control shall meet the control requirements of the unit under
starting, stopping and normal operating conditions, and shall be able to realize the control operation
towards accident handling and emergency shutdown of the unit under abnormal operating conditions
to guarantee the unit safety.
16.6.2 The detailed functions shall meet the following requirements:
1 Realize the sequence control of fan, pump, valve and baffle.
2 Where partial equipment fault and tripping occur, interlock start and stop relevant equipment.
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3 Realize state alarming, interlocking and protection.
16.6.3 The sequence control shall be designed according to the driving stage and the subunit stage
level, and the design shall comply with the principles of preferential protection and interlock operation.
Where protection and interlock commands occur in the process of sequence control, the control
process shall be interrupted and the process system shall be made execute commands according to
protection and interlock.
16.7 Alarming
16.7.1 Alarming shall cover the following items:
1 Process system main parameters deviate from normal range.
2 Protection action and main auxiliary equipment faults.
3 Control source fault.
4 Control air source fault.
5 Main electrical equipment malfunction.
6 Leakage of toxic and harmful gas.
16.7.2 All calculated values of analog input, switching value input, analog output, switching output
and intermediate variable of the unit or main plant building control system may be adopted as the
alarm signal source of the data acquisition system.
16.7.3 The alarm system shall be possessed of such functions as the auto-flash, sound and artificial
confirm. All alarm items within the functional scope of the unit or main plant building control system
shall be able to display on the displayer and print on the printer in the operator station. In the process
of unit start and stop, false alarm signals shall be controlled.
16.7.4 In the control room, a small amount of conventional window alarming devices may be
arranged for alarming, and their input signals should not be taken from the control system output, and
alarm windows shall be limited to the following contents:
1 Key parameter deviation from normal value.
2 Main protective tripping.
3 Power failure of key control devices.
16.7.5 Where Turbine boiler centralized control mode or steam turbine centralized control mode are
adopted, electromechanical communication signal shall be arranged between the electric main control
room and centralized control room.
16.8 Protection
16.8.1 Protection shall meet the following requirements:
1 Design of protection system shall be taken with measures to prevent from malfunction and
rejecting action, and power interruption and recovery of the protection system will not mistakenly
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send action commands.
2 The protection system shall comply with the principle of independence, and shall meet the
1) The logic controller of the boiler and turbine tripping protection system shall be arranged
separately and redundantly, or shall be arranged with independent system. Where the
protection adopts independent system, its controller shall also be arranged redundantly.
2) Protection system shall be provided with independent input/output signal (I/O) access,
and provided with electric insulation measures.
3) Redundant I/O signal shall be led through different I/O modules.
4) The switching value instrument and transmitter of protection signals of trigger unit and
tripping shall be arranged separately.
5) Signals used for tripping, important interlocking and override control shall directly adopt
the hard-wired instead of being sent through the data communicational bus.
3 On the operating floor, tripping buttons used for stopping the turbine and splitting the
generator shall be arranged, these tripping buttons shall not be directly connected to the driving return
circuit used for stopping the turbine through the logic.
4 Operational command output from protection system shall have priority over any other
commands.
5 Reasons of halt and boiler shutdown protection actions shall be arranged with sequence of
events and shall also be provided with post disturbance review (PDR) function.
6 Turbine tripping protection should be incorporated into the unit or main plant building
control system.
16.8.2 Main protection items of the boiler shall include the following contents:
1 Boiler water level protection.
2 Main steam pressure protection.
3 Furnace pressure protection.
4 Bed temperature protection of circulating fluidized bed boiler.
5 For pulverized coal boiler of Grade 220t/h and above, total fuel tripping protection shall be
arranged.
6 Other protections required by the boiler manufacturer.
16.8.3 Main protection items of the turbine shall include the following contents:
1 Turbine overspeed protection.
2 Lubricating oil pressure low protection of turbine.
3 Turbine axial displacement large protection.
4 Turbine bear vibration large protection.

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5 Other turbine protections required by the manufacturer.
16.8.4 Main protection items of the generator shall include the following contents:
1 Generator water-break protection.
2 Other generator protections required by the manufacturer.
16.8.5 Relevant protections of the auxiliary system.
16.9 Control System
16.9.1 Availability rate of the control system shall be at least 99.9%.
16.9.2 When arranging fastener and terminal block, etc. for the control system, various I/O and total
I/O quantity shall consider 10%~20% of the standby quantity.
16.9.3 The quantity of controller shall be arranged according to the work division of the control
system function or according to the classification of the process system, and the quantity of the controller
shall meet the protection and control requirements.
16.9.4 Processing capability of controller shall be provided with 40% allowance and processor
capability of operator station shall be provided with 60% allowance.
16.9.5 Communication load rate of shared Ethernet shall not be greater than 20% and that of other
network communications shall not be greater than 40%.
16.9.6 Where the unit or the main plant building control system occurs global or major fault, standby
hard-wired operating means independent of the control system shall be arranged so that to ensure the
emergency and safe shutdown of the unit.
16.9.7 Transmitter of important analog quantity item shall be redundantly arranged.
16.10 Control Power Supply
16.10.1 Power supply for unit or main plant building control system, turbine control system, unit
protective return circuit and flame test equipment, etc. shall be equipped with double-circuit power
supply. One shall be adopted AC uninterruptible power supply and the other shall be adopted plant
power. The two circuits of power supply should be arranged with automatic power supply switching
devices, and the switching duration shall be able to ensure that it has no influence on the operation of
the control system.
16.10.2 Each group of instruments and controlling AC power supply distribution box and AC supply
power supply panel shall respectively be possessed of two circuits of power supply, and the two
circuits of power supply shall respectively be led from different sections of plant-used low-voltage
bus.
16.10.3 The control panel shall be possessed of two circuits of power supply, and the two circuits of
power supply shall be respectively led from different sections of the plant-used low-voltage bus.
Where the control panel requires DC power supply, two circuits of power supply shall be available,
and both the two circuits of power supply shall be led from the electric storage battery.
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16.11 Layout of Cables, Instrument Tubes and Local Equipment
16.11.1 The materials of the wire core of cables and wires used for instrument and control circuit
shall be copper. Cable laying shall be equipped with such measures as fire protection, high temperature
prevention, anti-corrosion, water-proof and shock resistance.
16.11.2 Wire and compensation lead wire laid at the hot temperature zone shall be selected of the
high-temperature resistant type.
16.11.3 The wire core sections of cables, wires and compensation lead wires used for instrument and
control circuit shall be selected according to such requirements as the return circuit maximum
permissible voltage drop, instrument permissible maximum non-essential resistance and circuital
section flow as well as mechanical strength, etc.
16.11.4 Cables of the same starting and end points shall be combined. Instrument and computer
circuit with interference resistance requirements shall be adopted with the shielded cable of corresponding
type. Earthing of the control system should be accessed into the whole plant electrical earthing grid,
and shall meet the requirements of control system over the earthing. The cable shielding layer of the
computer signal must be earthed.
16.11.5 Path selection of the cable main channel and cable laying mode should meet the following
requirements:
1 The cable main channel should be laid by cable bridge frame, and the branch cable channel
may adopt cable trough and box.
2 With the shortest path.
3 Keep clear from the lifting hole, explosion door and sites prone to suffering from mechanical
damage and sites with corrosive materials.
4 Where laying in parallel or cross with various pipelines, the minimum distance shall meet the
relevant requirements of the current national codes.
16.11.6 Location of the measuring points shall meet the measuring requirements. The arrangement
of transmitters should close to the measuring points, and they shall be centralized appropriately for the
convenience of maintenance and overhaul.
16.11.7 Parts as thermal control equipment and conduit in outdoor layout shall be taken with dustproof,
rain protection, frost protection, high temperature prevention, shock resistance, anti-corrosive and
mechanical damage prevention measures.
16.12 Instrument and Control Laboratory
16.12.1 The power plant shall be equipped with instrument and control laboratory, and its test
equipment shall be able to meet the requirements of maintenance, verification and debugging of
instrument control equipment, and shall meet the relevant requirements of the state standard of
measurement.
16.12.2 Where instrument and control laboratory has already been available in the enterprise, its
self-supply power plant shall not be arranged with another one.
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16.12.3 The scale of the laboratory shall be determined according to the unit capacity and planning
capability of the power plant and it will not bear the overhaul task.
16.12.4 The laboratory should be arranged near the main plant building, may be arranged in the
production comprehensive office building, and also may be separately arranged. The field maintenance
room shall be arranged in a proper place in the main plant building, and it is used for the maintenance
of field instrument and control equipment such as the actuator and valve which are not easy to move.
16.12.5 The laboratory shall be built-up at a time in accordance with the power plant planning
capability, but the laboratory equipment may be purchased by stages.
16.12.6 The laboratory shall keep away from sites with large vibration, multiple dust and large noise
as well as humid site or site with intense magnetic field interference, and the floor of the laboratory
shall avoid the vibration influence.
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17 Electrical Equipment and System
17.1 Generator and Main Transformer
17.1.1 Type selection and technical requirements of generator and its excitation system shall respectively
meet the relevant requirements of current national standard Specific Requirements for Cylindrical
Rotor Synchronous Machines GB/T 7064, Rotating Electrical MachinesRating and Performance
GB 755, Excitation Systems for Synchronous MachinesDefinitions GB/T 7409.1, Excitation
System for Synchronous Electrical MachinesModel for Power System Studies GB/T 7409.2, and
Excitation System for Synchronous Electrical MachinesTechnical Requirements Excitation System
for Large and Medium Synchronous Generators GB/T 7409.3 and Fundamental Requirements of
Excitation Systems Medium and Small Synchronous Machines GB 10585.
17.1.2 Where the generator and main transformer are in unit connection, the capacity of the transformer
should be selected according that the maximum continuous capability of the generator deducts the
difference which is between the high voltage auxiliary operating transformer calculated load and the
one which may be replaced by the voltage auxiliary standby transformer. For the transformer under
normal service conditions, the mean temperature rise of its winding shall not be greater than 65
when continuously conveying rated capacity.
17.1.3 The capacity and quantity of the main transformer on the generator voltage bus shall be
determined according to the single machine capability, quantity, main electrical connection and power
supply conditions of regional electrical load as well as through technical and economical comparison.
17.1.4 For power plant with units capacity of Grade 50MW and below, the total capacity of main
transformer connected to the generator voltage bus shall meet the following requirements on the basis
of considering the year by year load development:
1 Where the load of the generator voltage bus is the minimum, the surplus power shall be fed
into the power system.
2 Where the largest generator of the generator voltage bus is out of service or where the plant
capacity needs to be limited caused by thermal load variation of the heat-supply unit, power shall be
obtained from the regional power system to meet the maximum capability requirements of the generator
voltage bus.
17.1.5 Main transformer should adopt two-winding transformer, and shall meet the following
requirements:
1 Where two types of boosting voltage are required for providing power to the user or when
connecting with the regional power system, three winding transformer may also be adopted while the
feed-through power of each winding shall be up to 15% of the rated capacity of the transformer.
2 Three winding transformer which connects two types of boosting voltage should not be more
than 2.
17.1.6 Main transformer should adopt no-excitation regulating transformer; if it is necessary through
voltage regulation calculation and demonstration and is reasonable through technical economical
comparison, the on-load voltage regulation transformer may be selected. The selection of the rated
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voltage, impedance and voltage tap of main transformer shall meet the recent, long-term, phase
regulating and voltage regulating requirements of the regional power system.
17.1.7 If two types of boosting voltage are both of direct earthing system, and reasonable in technical
economy, autotransformer may be selected while the main direction of flow shall be transmitted from
low-voltage and medium voltage to high voltage.
17.2 Main Electrical Connection
17.2.1 Generator rated voltage shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where generator voltage direct wiring is available, 6.3kV or 10.5kV shall be adopted according
to the requirements of the regional power grid.
2 Where generator of Grade 50MW or below and transformer are in unit connection and it is
led out by the auxiliary branch, 6.3kV should be adopted.
17.2.2 If unit capacity connected into the power system power plant is not match with the power
system and is rational in technical economy, extended unit connection may be carried in two sets of
generators and a set of transformer (two-winding transformer or split winding transformer), or
combined unit connection may be carried in two-winding transformer group in two sets of generator
sharing one high-voltage side breaker. And generator breaker or load switch shall be installed between
generator and main transformer.
17.2.3 The connection mode of the generator voltage bus shall be determined according to the
capacity of the power plant or the property of load, and should meet the following requirements:
1 Where the generator capacity at each section is 12MW or below, single bus or single bus
section connection should be adopted.
2 Where the generator capacity at each section is 12MW or above, double bus or double bus
section connection may be adopted.
17.2.4 Where the short-circuit current of the generator voltage bus exceeds the permissible value of
the selected switching equipment, reactor may be installed in the bus section return circuit. Where
requirements cannot be met, reactors may be installed in the generator return circuit, main transformer
return circuit and direct wiring.
17.2.5 The rated current of bus sectionalizing reactor shall be selected according to the current that
may pass through the reactor where the largest generator is cut off from the bus due to accident.
Where exact load information is not available, it may be selected according to 50%~80% of the rated
current of generator.
17.2.6 Bus arrester of 220kV or below or below and the voltage transformer should share a group of
disconnecting switch. Voltage transformer and coupling capacitor on the line of 110kV~22kV shall
not be installed with disconnecting switch. Arrester for line of 220kV or below and the arrester connected
to the outgoing line of the generator and transformer should not be installed with disconnecting switch,
and the arrester for the transformer neutral point shall not be installed with disconnecting switch.
17.2.7 Where the generator and the two-winding transformer are in unit connection, circuit breaker
may be installed between the generator and transformer for heat-supply unit. Where the generator and
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the three winding transformer are in unit connection, circuit breaker and disconnecting switch should
be installed between the generator and transformer. The auxiliary branch shall be connected between
the transformer and circuit breaker.
17.2.8 For connection mode of distribution device of 35kV~220kV, it shall be determined according
to such conditions as the status of power plant in power system, load significance, number of outgoing
circuits, equipment characteristic, type of distribution device, and single machine capability and planning
capacity of power plant, and shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where distribution device is important in regional power system, with large load, large tide
changing and large number of outgoing circuits, double bus connection should be adopted.
2 For 66kV~220kV distribution device adopting single bus or double bus connection, when the
circuit breaker is sulfur hexafluoride type, bypass facilities should not be arranged; when the
distribution device adopts totally closed gas insulation metal switchgear, bypass facilities shall not be
arranged.
3 Where single bus section connection is adopted for 35kV~66kV distribution device and breaker
cannot be repaired in power off, by-pass bus without specialized bypass breaker may be arranged;
where double bus connection is adopted, by-pass bus should not be arranged, if conditions permit,
disconnecting switch in by-pass bus may be arranged.
4 High voltage side breaker of generator transformer group should not be connected to by-pass
bus.
5 Transitional connection mode for breaker whose quantity is less may be adopted in primary
engineering, but arrangement of distribution device shall be convenient for transition to final connection.
17.2.9 Earthing mode of neutral point of generator may be earth-free mode, earthing mode with
extinction coil or high resistance.
17.2.10 Earthing or not, or earthing passing through arc suppression coil of neutral point earthing
mode of main transformer shall be determined according to the rated voltage and requirements of the
connected power system. Where earthing or earthing through arc suppression coil is adopted, disconnecting
switch shall be installed.
17.3 AC Auxiliary Power System
17.3.1 Voltage of power plant high-voltage auxiliary power should adopt 6kV neutral point earth-
free mode. Voltage of low voltage auxiliary power should adopt 380V power and neutral point direct
earthing mode shared by the lighting network.
17.3.2 High voltage auxiliary transformer shall not be adopted on-load voltage regulating transformer,
and its impedance voltage should not be greater than 10.5%. Where a circuit breaker is installed at the
outlet of the generator, high-voltage auxiliary transformer in branch connection with the low voltage
side of the main transformer doubles as the starting power supply may adopt on-load voltage regulating
transformer.
17.3.3 Where the impedance voltage of the voltage auxiliary standby transformer is up to 10.5%, or
voltage fluctuation of leading connection exceeds 5%, on-load voltage regulating transformer shall
be adopted. Voltage fluctuation of leading connection place of standby transformer shall consider the
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voltage variation caused by load tide changing when the whole plant is power off.
17.3.4 The following leading connection modes may be adopted for high voltage auxiliary operational
power supply:
1 Where the voltage bus of generator is available, the leading connection is realized by each
section of bus for providing the auxiliary load to the unit connected to this section of bus.
2 Where the generator and transformer is in unit connection, it shall realize leading connection
from the low voltage side of the main transformer for providing the auxiliary load to the unit.
17.3.5 Capacity of high voltage auxiliary operating transformer shall be selected according to sum
of calculated load for high voltage motor and calculated load for low voltage auxiliary power.
Capacity of low voltage auxiliary operating transformer should remain 10% of redundancy.
17.3.6 The following leading connection modes may be adopted for high voltage auxiliary standby
power supply or start/standby power supply:
1 Where generator voltage bus is available, a standby power supply shall be led from the bus.
2 Where without the generator voltage bus, leading connection shall be made from the lowest
grade voltage bus of reliable power supply in the bus of high-voltage distribution device, and it shall
guarantee that sufficient power supply may be obtained from the external power system on occasions
of the whole plant is powered off.
3 Where the generator outlet is installed with a circuit breaker and the quantity of units is two
or more than two, low voltage side auxiliary operating bus of high voltage auxiliary operating transformer
of one unit may also be connected to the high-voltage standby power supply of another unit, namely,
corresponding high voltage auxiliary buses are made for connection between units, and they are mutual
standby or emergency shutdown power supply.
4 Where in reasonable technical economy, dedicated line for power supply may be connected
from external power grid.
5 Where two or above high voltage auxiliary standby or start/standby power supply are available
in the whole plant, they shall be connected from two relative independent power supplies.
17.3.7 Capacity of voltage auxiliary standby transformer (reactor) or start/standby transformer shall
not be less than the capacity of largest set (group) of high voltage auxiliary operating transformer
(reactor). Capacity of low voltage auxiliary standby transformer shall be same with capacity of largest
set of low voltage auxiliary operating transformer.
17.3.8 Where the generator and main transformer are in unit connection, circuit breaker shall be
installed on its auxiliary branch line. Where the circuit breaker of short-circuit current is no need to be
switched, circuit breaker which may meet the requirements of dynamic stability may be adopted while
corresponding measures shall be taken to only make the circuit breaker cut off short-circuit failure
within range of its permissible cut-off short-circuit current; disconnecting switch or connection strap,,
etc. that is able to meet the dynamic stability requirements may also be adopted.
17.3.9 The arrangement of auxiliary standby power supply shall meet the following requirements:
1 High-voltage and low-voltage auxiliary buses connected with load of Class I shall be arranged
with standby power supply, shall be installed with standby power supply automatic input device.
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2 Low voltage auxiliary bus connected with load of Class II shall be arranged with manual
switched standby power supply.
3 Low voltage auxiliary bus only with load of Class III may not be arranged with standby
power supply.
17.3.10 For unit whose capacity is Grade 100MW or below, where the quantity of high voltage
auxiliary operating transformer (reactor) is six sets (groups) and above, another set (group) of voltage
auxiliary standby transformer (reactor) may be arranged. Where the quantity of low voltage auxiliary
operating transformer is eight or above, another set of low voltage auxiliary standby transformer may
be added.
17.3.11 High-voltage auxiliary electric power system shall adopt single bus connection. Where the
boiler capability is below Grade 410t/h, each boiler may be powered by a section of bus; where the
boiler capability is Grade 410t/h, each grade of high-voltage auxiliary voltage of each boiler shall not
be less than two sections of bus. Low-voltage auxiliary bus shall also adopt single bus connection.
Where the boiler capability is Grade 220t/h, and load of Class I of engine boiler is connected on the
bus, subsection shall be made correspondingly according to the boiler or engine; where the boiler
capability is Grade 410t/h, each boiler may be powered by two sections of bus.
17.3.12 The power plant shall be arranged with fixed AC low voltage overhaul supply network, and
shall be installed with power box at each overhaul field.
17.3.13 For selection of auxiliary transformer connection group, phase between the auxiliary operational
power supply and standby power supply shall be consistent for the convenience of switching of
auxiliary power may adopt the mode of parallel change-over. Low voltage auxiliary transformer of the
whole plant should adopt D, yn connection.
17.4 High-voltage Distribution Device
17.4.1 Design of power plant high-voltage distribution device shall meet the requirements of the
current national standards, Environmental Pollution Classification and External Insulation Selection
for High Voltage Transmission Line, Power Plant and Substation GB/T 16434, Code for Design of
Seismic of Electrical Installations GB 50260, Code for Design of High Voltage Electrical Installation
(3~110kV) GB 50060 and Code for Design of Fire Protection for Fossil Fuel Power Plants and
Substations GB 50229.
17.4.2 Type selection of distribution device shall meet the following requirements:
1 Distribution device of 35kV and below should adopt indoor type.
2 Distribution device of 110kV~220kV shall meet the following requirements:
1) The form of distribution device shall be selected according to device type selection,
mode of inlet and outlet lines and actual situation of engineering, and combining with
general layout of the power plant, and preferentially adopt the form of less land occupation.
2) Pollution area of Grade IV should adopt indoor distribution device, where the technical
economy is reasonable, distribution device of gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear
(GIS) may be adopted.
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17.5 DC Power Supply System and AC Uninterruptible Power Supply
17.5.1 Storage battery pack shall be installed in the power plant to provide power to the loads of unit
control, signal, relay protection and automatic device,, etc. (hereinafter referred to as controlling load)
and loads of DC oil pump, AC uninterrupted power supply device, circuit breaker switching in
mechanism and DC emergency lighting, etc. (hereinafter referred to as power load). The storage battery
pack shall operate in the full floating charging mode.
17.5.2 Storage battery pack quantity shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where the single machine capability is Grade 50MW and above, each unit may be installed
with a group of storage battery; where the unit total capacity is 100MW and above, two groups of
storage battery should be installed; where the total capacity is less than 100MW, a group of storage
battery may be installed.
2 Acidic battery pack should not be arranged with end battery while alkaline battery pack
should be arranged with end battery.
17.5.3 DC system adopts the combined powered mode for controlling load and power load, and the
nominal voltage is 220V.
17.5.4 The DC bus voltage shall meet the following requirements:
1 During normal operation, DC bus voltage shall be 105% of DC system nominal voltage.
2 During equalizing charge, DC bus voltage shall not be greater than 110% of the DC system
nominal voltage.
3 During accident discharge, DC bus voltage should not be less than 87.5% of the DC system
nominal voltage.
17.5.5 Load statistics of power plant storage battery pack shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where two groups of storage battery are installed, each group of controlling load shall be
carried out with statistics in accordance with all loads.
2 For emergency lighting loads, each group shall be carried out with statistic in accordance
with 60% of all loads.
3 For power load, it should be equally distributed on two groups of storage battery, and each
group may be carried out with statistic according to the connected loads.
17.5.6 When choosing storage battery capacity, for the power plant connected with power system,
the auxiliary AC supply unscheduled interruption duration shall be calculated according to 1h; for
isolate power plant unconnected with power system, the auxiliary AC supply unscheduled interruption
duration shall be calculated according to 2h; DC load calculation time used for AC uninterruptible
power supply may be calculated according to 0.5h.
17.5.7 Configuration of charging and float charging equipment of storage battery pack shall meet
1 Where high-frequency switch charging equipment is adopted, each group of storage battery
should be installed with a set of charging equipment. Where thyristor charging equipment is adopted,
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two groups of same voltage storage battery may be arranged with another set of charging equipment
to be adopted as public standby. Where only a group of storage battery is available in the whole plant,
two sets of charging equipment may be installed.
2 Capacity of charging equipment and adjustment range of output voltage shall meet the float
charging and charging requirements of the storage battery pack.
17.5.8 The DC system of power plant should adopt single bus or single bus sectional connection
mode. Where single bus section is adopted, each group of storage battery and corresponding charging
equipment shall be connected on the same bus, charging equipment for public standby shall be able to
switch to corresponding two sections of bus, and both the storage battery and charging equipment
shall be connected to the DC system through isolation and protection devices.
17.5.9 Where computer control is adopted, AC uninterruptible power supply shall be arranged. AC
uninterruptible power supply shall adopt on line UPS.
17.5.10 Switching time of bypass switch in device of AC uninterruptible power supply shall not be
greater than 5ms, where AC auxiliary power disappear, serving time of AC uninterruptible power
supply in full-load shall not be less than 0.5h.
17.5.11 Device of AC uninterruptible power supply shall be powered by a circuit of AC main power
supply, a circuit of AC by-pass bus power supply and a circuit of DC power supply. AC main power
supply and AC by-pass bus power supply shall be connected by different auxiliary bus sections, and
the DC power supply may be connected by the main control room or the unit DC power supply, and
may also be powered by the accompanied storage battery.
17.5.12 Main bus of AC uninterruptible power supply shall adopt single bus or single bus section
connection mode. Where redundant power supply or uninterruptible loads of mutual standby are
available, main bus of AC uninterruptible power supply shall adopt single bus section, and the load
shall be respectively connected to different bus sections.
17.6 Electrical Monitoring and Control
17.6.1 Electrical equipment and components of power plant and power network should adopt computer
control, and should meet the following requirements:
1 When thermal control adopt turbine, boiler and electric centralized control, parts of electrical
system and network control of the power plant shall be installed in the turbine, boiler and electric
centralized control room, electrical equipment and components of the power plant should be controlled
by the decentralized control system or PLC, and its monitoring and controlling modes should be
consistent with thermal instrumentation and control.
2 Where the thermal control adopts turbine and boiler centralized control or steam turbine
centralized control mode, electrical system and power network control of power plant shall be installed
in the electrical main control room, and electrical equipment and components in the main control
room should adopt electrical control and management system for controlling and on this occasion
dedicated operator station shall be arranged in the main control room, and communication interface
for thermal control system shall be reserved.
17.6.2 Computer control system such as electrical control and management system, decentralized
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control system and network computerized control system, etc. should adopt open and distributed
structures. Where there is the control function, equipment and network of station level should adopt
redundant configuration.
17.6.3 Where turbine, boiler and electric centralized control is adopted, the following equipment or
components shall be controlled and monitored under the decentralized control system or PLC:
1 Generator, main transformer or generator transformer bank.
2 Generator excitation system.
3 Auxiliary high voltage power includes high-voltage operating transformer and high-voltage
start/standby transformer.
4 High voltage auxiliary power-supply wire.
5 Low voltage auxiliary transformer and section breaker of low voltage bus.
6 Fire pump.
17.6.4 Where the main control room is adopted for controlling, the following equipment or
components shall be controlled and monitored under the electrical control and management system:
1 Generator, main transformer or generator transformer bank.
2 Generator excitation system.
3 Auxiliary high voltage power includes high-voltage operating transformer and high-voltage
start/standby transformer.
4 High voltage auxiliary power-supply wire.
5 Low voltage auxiliary transformer and section breaker of low voltage bus.
6 Fire pump.
7 Interconnecting transformer (if any).
8 Wires of 6kV or above.
9 Bus network interconnecting circuit breaker, bus section circuit breaker and reactor.
10 Parallel capacitor and series compensator, etc.
17.6.5 Network computerized control system should be combined with the decentralized control
system as one system, and its monitoring scope shall cover the following equipment and circuits:
1 Interconnecting transformer (if any).
2 Wires of 6kV or above.
3 Bus network interconnecting circuit breaker, bus section circuit breaker and reactor.
4 Parallel capacitor and series compensator, etc.
17.6.6 The following equipment or components should be controlled under the decentralized control
system, PLC or electrical control and management system:
1 DC system.
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2 AC uninterruptible power supply.
17.6.7 In order to guarantee unit emergency shutdown, the following independent backup operating
equipment shall be installed in the control room:
1 Emergency trip in generator or one-and-a-half breaker configuration group.
2 De-excitation switch tripping.
3 Start button of DC lubricant pump.
17.6.8 Functions as relay protection, automatic quasi synchronous, automatic voltage regulation,
fault recording, and auxiliary electricity high speed change-over, etc. shall be realized by dedicated
devices. Tripping or closing command produced by relay protection and automatic safety device shall
be directly connected to closing and tripping circuit in breaker; closing and tripping circuit of circuit
breaker related with relay protection, automatic safety device and auxiliary power change-over shall
monitor the integrity of corresponding return circuits.
17.6.9 Secondary devices as relay protection device, measuring and control device and electric
meter, etc. should be installed in the electrical relay room.
17.6.10 Centralized control room or main control room of the power plant shall be installed with
automatic quasi synchronous devices, and may also be installed with manual quasi synchronous devices
which accompanied with synchronous interlock. Network control part of the power plant shall be
installed with capture synchronizer or manual quasi synchronous device with interlock.
17.6.11 Locking device to prevent misoperation shall be installed among disconnecting switch,
earthing switch and bus earthing device and their corresponding breakers, and the locking device may
be made up of mechanical, electromagnetic or electric return circuit locking. In network computerized
control system, five-prevention locking function shall be arranged.
17.7 Electrical Measuring Instrument
17.7.1 Design of power plant electric measuring instrument shall meet relevant requirements of
current national standard Code for Design of Electrical Measuring Device of Power System GB/T
50063.
17.7.2 Where computer is adopted for monitoring, AC sampling mode should be adopted in electrical
equipment and component measuring, the measuring modes by primary instrument or by instrument
directly may be adopted for local measurement.
17.8 Component Relay Protection and Automatic Safety Device
17.8.1 Design of power plant relay protection and automatic safety devices shall meet requirements
of current national standard Technical Code for Relaying Protection and Security Automatic Equipment
GB/T 14285.
17.9 Lighting System
17.9.1 Design of power plant lighting system shall comply with such principles as safety, environmental
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protection, convenient for maintenance and repair, economic and beautiful, and shall actively adopt
advanced techniques and energy saving equipment. Lighting for power plant shall advocate green
lighting and energy conservation and environmental protection, and shall meet the national energy
saving policy.
17.9.2 Design of power plant lighting system shall meet the requirements of the current national
standard Standard for Lighting Design of Buildings GB 50034.
17.9.3 Lighting in power plant shall be possessed of two types of supply network, namely, normal
lighting and emergency DC lighting. Network voltage for normal lighting shall be 380V/220V while
emergency DC lighting network voltage shall be 220V, and both of them shall meet the following
requirements:
1 Power supply of normal lighting shall be powered by the low voltage auxiliary transformer of
the neutral-point direct earthing shared by the dynamic and lighting networks.
2 Emergency DC lighting shall be powered by the storage battery DC system. Emergency

lighting and normal lighting may be simultaneously lighted, and when in normal lighting, it shall be
powered by the low voltage 380V/220V auxiliary power, when in emergency lighting, it shall be
automatically changed to the storage battery dc bus for being powered; besides eternal lamp, emergency
DC lighting of the main control room and centralized control room may also be powered by 380V/
220V auxiliary power in normal lighting and storage battery dc bus in emergency lighting.
3 Emergency lighting required by exit and entrance, passageway and staircase of the main plant
building, and important work places far away from the main plant building shall adopt emergency light
with storage battery.
17.9.4 For lighting fixtures in production plant, when their installation height is 2.2m or below and
at the place of extremely humid or with high temperature, voltage of 24V or below shall be adopted.
Lighting fixtures in cable tunnel should be powered by 24V voltage. Where 220V voltage is adopted
for power supply, safety measures shall be taken for preventing from electric shock, and dedicated
earthing line for enclosures of lighting fixture shall be laid.
17.9.5 Lighting fixtures shall be selected according to environment conditions and operational
requirements of the workplace, and light source with high lighting effect and long operating life shall
be adopted. Incandescent lamp which may be lighted instantaneously and reliably shall be adopted for
the emergency DC lighting. The installation of indoor and outdoor lighting fixtures shall be convenient
for maintenance. Lighting fixtures of indoor and outdoor distribution devices shall also consider that
devices may be safely repaired on occasions of power on.
17.9.6 Requirements on installing with obstacle lighting on chimney, cooling tower and other towering
buildings or structures not only shall comply with the relevant requirements of the current national
standard Code for Design of Chimneys GB 50051 but also shall be determined by negotiation with
the local aviation management departments. Power supply for marker light of high building may be
supplied be the nearby reliable 380V/220V distribution cabinet, returning circuits such as marking are
not permissible to connect other electrical loads in T mode. Requirements on obstacle lighting of
water intake and outlet and wharf shall be determined by negotiation with shipping management
departments.
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17.10 Cable Selection and Laying
17.10.1 Design of cable selection and cable laying shall meet relevant requirement of current
national standard Code for Design of Cables of Electric Work GB 50217.
17.11 Overvoltage Protection and Earthing
17.11.1 Design of overvoltage protection in electrical device of power plant shall meet requirements
of current national standards Insulation Co-ordination for High Voltage Transmission and Distribution
Equipment GB 311.1 and Insulation Co-ordinationPart 2: Application Guide for Insulation Co-
ordination for High Voltage Transmission and Distribution Equipment GB/T 311.2 and Overvoltage
Protection and Insulation Coordination for AC Electrical Installations DL/T 620.
17.11.2 Overvoltage protection in main production building or structure and auxiliary building or
structure shall meet the relevant requirements of current professional standard Overvoltage Protection
and Insulation Coordination for AC Electrical Installations DL/T 620. Lightning protection design in
auxiliary buildings or structures such as production office building, canteen and dormitory buildings,
etc. as well as anhydrous ammonia tank shall meet the relevant requirements of current national standard
Design Code for Protection of Structures against Lightning GB 50057.
17.11.3 Design of AC earthing system in power plant shall meet the requirements of the current
national standard Code for Design of AC Electrical Installations Earthing GB 50065.
17.12 Electrical Laboratory
17.12.1 The power plant shall be arranged with an electrical laboratory, and test equipment in it
shall be able to meet the electrical equipment maintenance, verification and debugging requirements.
The scale of the electrical laboratory shall be determined according to the type, single machine
capability and planning capability of the power plant.
17.12.2 Where an electrical laboratory has already been available in the enterprise, its self-supply
power plant shall not be arranged with another one.
17.13 Electrical Device in Hazardous Explosion and Fire Environment
17.13.1 Design of electrical devices in environment with explosion and fire hazard shall meet the
relevant requirements of current national standards Electrical Installations Design Code for Explosive
Atmospheres and Fire Hazard GB 50058 and Code for Design of Fire Protection for Fossil Fuel
Power Plants and Substations GB 50229.
17.14 In-plant Communication
17.14.1 Plant communication may be classified into manufacturing management communication

and production dispatching communication. For small unit engineering, the two may be considered in
combination. In the plant, a set of dispatching stored program control exchange is arranged and
simultaneously adopted as the administrative switchboard. The capacity shall be based on 100 lines,
and another 30 lines will increase once another set of unit is added to the unit with more than two sets.
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Dispatching desk shall be arranged in each control room. The dispatching switchboard shall be
connected to the dispatching competent department by the relay line.
17.14.2 Relay mode of the power plant used for external communication may be analog relay or
digital relay mode according to specific engineering conditions, and the relay line quantity shall not
be less than 10% of the user number.
17.14.3 AC supply which is needed by communication equipment shall be powered by double

circuit AC supply which is able to realize automatic change-over, is reliable and comes from different
auxiliary plant service bus sections. DC power supply required by communication equipment at least
shall be installed with a group of dedicated storage battery pack, and shall at least be installed with a
set of rectifier. Communication power supply in the plant may be combined with the system communication
power supply. The power supply capacity shall be considered of the maximum capability in the future
scale, and the discharge period of the storage battery shall be considered of 4h.
17.14.4 Dedicated machine room for communication may be arranged in the plant, and the area of
the machine room may be considered according to the maximum capacity of the future scale; in-plant
communication equipment, system communication equipment and interface equipment for each business,
etc. shall be installed, and it may also be together arranged with the electrical control equipment.
Communication storage battery should be installed separately.
17.14.5 The communication equipment shall be arranged with working earthing and protective
earthing; circular earthing bus shall be arranged in the communication room and it shall be connected
to the nearby whole plant overall earthing grid with the lead wire no less than two.
17.14.6 In-plant communication network includes various lines of communication equipment and
shall adopt pipe cable or direct buried cable laying mode. Cable may adopt concealed wiring laying
mode.
17.14.7 Water source, ash yard and fuel system out of the plant may adopt local public phone.
17.15 System Protection
17.15.1 Design of system relay protection and automatic safety devices shall according to the design
principles of prescribed access system and shall meet requirements of current national standard
Technical Code for Relaying Protection and Security Automatic Equipment GB/T 14285.
17.16 System Communication
17.16.1 System communication shall be determined according to the local power grid communication
design and prescribed access system design. The power plant shall be installed with dedicated dispatching
communication facilities used for power dispatching, communication mode and capacity configuration,
etc. shall be determined according to prescribed power system communication design or corresponding
access system communication design.
17.16.2 Passageway quantity, quality and bandwidth of the power plant to the dispatch end shall
meet the requirements of dispatching passageway, automatic passageway, protective passageway and
electric energy metering.
17.16.3 At least one reliable dispatching passageway shall be available from the power plant to the
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dispatch center, and recommended transmission plan, form, construction scale and capacity shall be
proposed, and access mode of each business shall be made clear.
17.16.4 System communication of the power plant may adopt a set of communication power supply,
and it shall be arranged with a set of storage battery, and it may also share the communication power
supply with the in-plant communication equipment.
17.16.5 System communication may share the same communication machine room with the in-plant
communication equipment.
17.17 Telecontrol of System
17.17.1 Telecontrol design of the power plant shall be designed according to the power dispatch
automation system or determined according to the corresponding power plant access system design.
Power plant telecontrol function should be incorporated into the computer supervision and control
system, and shall not be separately arranged with micro-machine remote terminal unit (RTU).
17.17.2 Telecontrol information of the power plant shall meet the current professional standard
Specifications for the Design of Dispatch Automation in Electric Power Systems DL/T 5003 or
Specifications for the Design of Dispatch Automation in District Power Networks DL/T 5002.
17.17.3 At least one reliable telecontrol passageway shall be available between the power plant and
dispatch center.
17.17.4 Electric power twice safety protection of the power plant shall comply with the relevant
national electric power twice safety protection requirements.
17.18 Electric Energy Metering
17.18.1 Electric energy measurement of the power plant shall meet the relevant requirements of the
current professional standard Technical Code for Designing of Electric Energy Metering System
DL/T 5202.
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18 Hydraulic Facilities and Systems
18.1 Water Source and Water Management
18.1.1 The selection of water source for power plant must be implemented carefully and reliable
enough. Except for the influence of water intake and drainage of power plant on water area, the influence
of local agriculture and industry, other users and water conservancy planning on water intake quality,
water quantity and temperature of power plant shall be considered.
18.1.2 The underground water mustnt be used for the construction of constructed and extended
power plants in water-deficient areas in north. The use of surface water shall be strictly controlled.
The reclaimed water and other waste water from urban sewage treatment plant are encouraged to be
used. The mine drainage shall be considered to be used firstly in power plant at coal mine mouth.
Where there are various water sources to choose, it shall be determined through technical and
economical comparison under the guidance of water-saving industrial policy and according to factors
such as water quantity, water quality and water price.
18.1.3 Where reclaimed water is adopted as nourishment source of power plant, backup water
source shall be arranged.
18.1.4 Where mine drainage is adopted as nourishment source of power plant, the stable minimum
water discharge of mine area that may be used for power plant shall be analyzed according to
exploitation plan and drainage pattern of the mine field.
18.1.5 Under the following conditions, the water supply source of power plant shall guarantee the
water quantity required for the full-load operation of all units. The formal document that agrees upon
water utilization by water administrative competent department shall be obtained.
1 Where water is taken from natural watercourse, it is considered according to the minimum
flow of 95% guarantee rate, And the guaranteed agriculture and industry planning water consumption
and watercourse area ecological water consumption from the intake upstream are deducted simultaneously.
2 Where watercourse is under the regulation of reservoir, it is considered according to the

minimum discharging flow of 95% reservoir guarantee rate plus interval water inflow, and the guaranteed
agriculture and industry planning water consumption and watercourse area ecological water consumption
from the intake upstream shall be deducted simultaneously.
3 Where water is taken from reservoir, it is considered according to dry year of 95% guarantee
rate.
18.1.6 During the design of power plant, national water resources principles and policies must be
implemented, and the reasonable use of water shall be achieved, water resource shall be saved, water
pollution shall be prevented and ecological environment shall be protected according to the water
management and project measures.
18.1.7 Water management shall meet the requirements of the current national standards Environmental
Quality Standards for Surface Water GB 3838, Standards for Drinking Water Quality GB 5749,
Norm of Water Intake GB/T 18916, Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB 8978 etc. and
the relevant laws and regulations.
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18.1.8 The design water consumption indexes of power plant shall be in accordance with those
specified in Table 18.1.8:
Table 18.1.8 Design Water Consumption Indexes of Small Fossil Fired Power Plant [m3/(s GW)]
No. Cooling mode <50MW 50MW Remarks
Fresh water circulating water supply

1 1.20 1.00 In-furnace desulfurization, dry ash removal and dry deslagging
system
2 Direct-flow water supply system 0.40 0.20 In-furnace desulfurization, dry ash removal and dry deslagging
3 Air cooling unit 0.40 0.20 In-furnace desulfurization, dry ash removal and dry deslagging
18.1.9 Power plant shall be installed with necessary water quality and water quantity measurement
and monitoring devices as well as monitoring devices.
18.2 Water Supply System
18.2.1 Water supply system of power plant shall be determined through technical and economical
comparison according to water source condition, planning capacity and unit type. Where water source
conditions permit, direct-flow water supply system shall be adopted. Where water source condition is
limited, circulating water supply, mixing water supply or air cooling system should be adopted.
18.2.2 Water supply system of power plant shall meet the following requirements:
1 The optimal turbine backpressure, cooling water quantity, condenser occupied area, and
economical arrangement of water pumps, water inflow and discharge pipes shall be determined for
direct-flow water supply system according to the influence of monthly average water level, water
temperature and thermal discharge in the past years, in combination with the turbine characteristics
and system arrangement plan.
2 The optimal turbine backpressure, cooling water quantity, condenser area, selection of cooling
tower, and economical arrangement of water pumps, water inflow and discharge pipes (ditches) shall
be determined for circulating or mixing water supply system according to meteorological conditions
in the past years, in combination with the turbine characteristics and system arrangement plan.
3 Optimized calculation shall be carried out for air cooling system according to factors such as
typical year and turbine characteristics, to determine the optimal air cooling type, design air temperature,
turbine design backpressure and area of air cooling heat exchanger .
4 The cooling water quantity selected under the maximum calculation water temperature condition
shall guarantee that the backpressure of turbine not exceed the maximum permissible value when
operating at full load.
18.2.3 When direct-flow water supply system is adopted, the maximum calculating temperature of
cooling water shall be determined according to daily average water temperature frequency of 10%
during the period (three months may be adopted) when water temperature is maximum. And the
influence of thermal discharge on water intake temperature shall be considered.
18.2.4 The maximum calculating temperature of cooling water for circulating water supply system
shall be determined according to the daily average of the hottest periods (three months may be adopted)
in not less than recent five consecutive years and daily average meteorological condition frequency of
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10% calculated by statistic method of wet-bulb temperature frequency. The maximum calculating
temperature of cooling water for mixing water supply system should be determined according to the
meteorological condition at the maximum monthly average temperature that corresponds to low water
period.
18.2.5 Design temperature of air cooling system should be calculated according to dry-bulb temperature
of typical year and may be calculated according to year weighted average method (temperature lower
than 5 is calculated as 5) and be rounded upward.
18.2.6 Header-type water supply system should be adopted by power plant. Two sets of circulating
water pump should be arranged for each turbine. The total output shall be equal to the largest calculated
water consumption of this unit. Connection pipe should be set up between condenser water inlet pipes
of two turbines.
18.2.7 Cooling water quantity of heating power plant shall be calculated according to the condensing
quantity at minimum heating load.
18.2.8 Inflow of circulating water should be taken as cooling water of accessory equipment. Where
water temperature is too high, silt and floater excess in flood season or seawater is used to cool,
corresponding measures shall be taken or other water source shall be used.
18.2.9 The quality of water for power plant use shall be determined according to production technology
and equipment requirements, and should meet the following requirements:
1 The measure of removing sundries and float grass in water shall be taken for the cooling
water used for surface heat switching equipment such as condenser. Where water contains too many
sands, sand-sinking treatment should be carried out for cooling water.
2 Where suspended matter content of make-up water in circulating water supply system and
cooling tower exceeds 50mg/L~100mg/L, pretreatment should be carried out. After treatment, suspended
matter content should not exceed 20mg/L, and pH value shall not be less than 6.5 and greater than 9.5.
3 Carbonate hardness of cooling water of industrial water rotating machine bearing water
should be less than 250mg/L (calculated with CaCO3), pH value shall not be less than 6.5 and greater
than 9.5, and suspended matter content shall be less than 100mg/L.
18.2.10 Where direct-flow and mixing water supply system are adopted, the position and type of
water intake and outlet shall be determined through technical and economical comparison according
to factors such as water source features, influence of thermal discharge diffusion on water intake
temperature, silt erosion and deposition and engineering construction. Numerical model calculation or
model test determination shall be carried out where necessary.
18.2.11 Inlet and outlet valve and communicating door of condenser, water pump outlet valve with
diameter of 400mm or above, other valves with diameter of 600mm or above and valves which require
automatic control shall be equipped with electric or pneumatic devices. Other valves with diameter of
800mm or below may also adopt manual devices in the region where far away from power.
18.3 Water Intake Structure and Water Pump House
18.3.1 Water intake structure and pump house of surface water shall be designed in accordance with
guarantee rate of 95% of low water level, and checked in accordance with guarantee rate of 97% of
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low water level.
18.3.2 The intake chamber in water intake structure of surface water shall be divided into several
separate rooms and shall be installed with cleaning and filter plants according to the water source
quality and the water intake quality. The equipment of lifting and start/stop and measures of flashing
and eliminating dirt shall be considered for intake chamber. Where water contains ice slush, large
amount of silt and floaters that affect water intake, corresponding measures shall be taken in design.
18.3.3 The 0.00 elevation (design elevation of flooring entrance) of shore side pump house shall be
the sum of flood level (or tide level ) of 2% frequency, wave height of 2% frequency and superelevation of
0.5m, and shall meet the following requirements:
1 The elevation of 0.00m storey shall not be less than the flood level of 1% frequency,
otherwise pump house shall be provided with flood protection measures.
2 Where flood levels of 2% and 1% frequency differ greatly, determination shall be made after
analytic demonstration.
18.3.4 Where water intake is carried out in the river with relatively large water level fluctuation and
gentle fluctuation, floating or funicular water intake facility should be adopted.
18.3.5 Circulating water supply system of cooling tower is adopted. Where conditions permit,
circulating water pump may be set in turbine house or the adjoining room of turbine house.
18.3.6 Where condition is appropriate, circulating water pump may be arranged outdoor.
18.3.7 Where the centralized pump house header-type water supply system is adopted, circulating
water pumps installed in pump house shall not be less than four when planning capacity is reached.
The total output of water pumps shall meet the maximum calculated water consumption, and no
standby is set. Water pump may be installed by stages according to project construction schedule,
however the water pumps installed in the first stage of the project shall not be less than two.
18.3.8 Makeup water pumps used for centralized water intake should not be less than three, among
which one is standby.
18.3.9 Where seawater is adopted as the circulating cooling water source, circulating water pump of
low rotational speed and cavitation resistance should be selected. In addition, seawater corrosion
resistant material shall be selected for the fabrication of components such as cleaning equipment,
flushing pump, drainage pump, valve and gate groove etc. that have direct contact with seawater.
Paints and cathodic protection and other anti-corrosive measures may be adopted. Also, measure of
preventing marine life from growing and adhering on inlet/drainage structure and equipment shall be
considered.
18.3.10 Lifting equipment shall be installed in pump house and intake chamber. Equipment overhaul
field and facilities such as overhaul platform of water pump intermediate bearing shall also be arranged.
Where equipment is arranged outdoor, fixed lifting equipment may not be installed. Valve operation
platform, drainage measures and lighting facilities shall be installed in valve switching room.
18.4 Water Transport and Distribution Pipeline and Ditch
18.4.1 Where header-type water supply is adopted, circulating water inlet/drainage pipes (trench)
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should not be less than two when the planning capacity is reached and they may be constructed by
stages according to specific engineering conditions. Where one of them is out of operation, other
headers shall be able to passes through 75% of the maximum calculated water consumption.
18.4.2 The number of makeup water pipes for water supply system should be two according to
planning capacity, and they may be constructed according to specific engineering conditions. Where
the reservoir of certain volume and other water supply measures are adopted as standby, one may be
arranged. Where two makeup water pipes are adopted while each pipe is able to supply 60% of water
supply, then connection pipe may not be set between makeup water pipes. Water quantity measuring
device shall be installed in main pipe of makeup water system and primary users connection pipe in
power plant.
18.4.3 Materials of pressure pipeline shall be determined through technical and economical comparison
according to working pressure of pipeline, water quality, geology along the pipeline, topographic
conditions, construction conditions and material supply etc.. Steel pipe, ductile iron pipe, prestressed
reinforced concrete pipe, prestressed concrete cylinder pipe, glass reinforced steel pipe and steel/
plastic composite pipe etc. may be selected. Reinforced concrete structure should be adopted for
gravity pipe/ditch.
18.4.4 Feeder channel shall be built up at once according to planning capacity. In the design of
channel, the change of original surface drainage and the influence of ground water level rise on
surrounding farmland and buildings.
18.5 Cooling Facilities
18.5.1 Selection of cooling facilities shall be determined through technical and economical comparison
according to factors such as service requirements, natural conditions, site layout, construction conditions,
operation economy and interaction of surrounding environment.
18.5.2 Power plant may use circulating water of natural water surface of reservoir, lake, riverway or
gulf etc., or construct cooling pond according to natural conditions. The influence of change of water
quantity, water quality and water temperature on industry, agriculture, fishery, water conservancy,
shipping and environment etc. shall be considered, and approval document of corresponding competent
departments shall be obtained.
18.5.3 The selection of cooling tower type shall be determined through technical and economical
comparison according to service requirements such as water quantity, water temperature and water
quality of circulating water and operation mode of circulating water system etc., in combination with
the following factors and specific engineering conditions:
1 Natural conditions such as local weather, topography geology etc.
2 The supply conditions of material and equipment.
3 Site layout and construction conditions.
4 The interaction of cooling tower and surrounding environment.
18.5.4 Factors such as aerodynamic interference, ventilation, overhaul and pipe ditch arrangement
shall be considered in the arrangement of cooling tower. Where cooling tower is arranged in mountainous
area and hilly zone, the influence of humid air recirculation shall be avoided. The clear distance
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between cooling towers and the distance between cooling tower and nearby buildings/ structures shall
comply with the requirements of Table 6.2.5 of this code.
18.5.5 The selection and installation design of plastic spraying padding, jetting device, water distribution
pipe and water eliminator that used in cooling tower shall meet the relevant requirements of the current
professional standard Technical Specification for Plastic Parts of Cooling Tower DL/T 742.
18.5.6 Water eliminator shall be installed in mechanical draft cooling tower and natural draft cooling
tower and plastic water eliminator should be installed.
18.5.7 Anti-freezing measures should be taken for the cooling towers (including air cooling tower)
that built in cold and severe cold regions.
18.5.8 The section form with less airflow resistance shall be adopted for the prop at air inlet of
natural draft cooling tower and for the components at ventilated places in tower.
18.5.9 Where air-cooling unit is adopted, air cooling system type shall be determined through technical
and economical comparison according to factors such as local meteorological conditions, land for
cooling facilities, noise proof requirements and anti-freezing performance.
18.5.10 Mechanical ventilation cooling mode should be adopted for air cooling condenser of direct
air cooling system. Natural draft cooling tower of reinforced concrete structure should be adopted for
air cooling tower of indirect air cooling system. Where restricted by site and arrangement of air cooling
tower is difficult, mechanical ventilation indirect air cooling system may also be adopted after demonstration.
18.5.11 The arrangement of direct air cooling system shall meet the following requirements:
1 Direct air cooling condenser should be arranged on air cooling platform outside the turbine
house row A, and should be arranged longitudinally along the turbine. The arrangement position of air
cooling condenser should face summer prevailing wind direction. And the influence of the occurrence
frequency of meteorological conditions of high temperature and strong wind shall be considered, and
higher wind frequency and wind speed from boiler house shall be avoided. The layout pattern of
consecutive construction units shall be demonstrated according to wind conditions.
2 Where wind condition is relatively complex or surrounding landform of power plant is peculiar,
the arrangement plan of air cooling condensers shall be verified through numerical model calculation
or physical model test.
3 Overhaul lifting device and maintenance platform shall be installed for axial fan, motor and
reductor under the air cooling condenser.
18.5.12 The arrangement of indirect air cooling system should meet the following requirements: 4
1 Natural draft cooling tower of air duct type should be adopted for air cooling tower. The
distance between cooling tower and other buildings that are higher than the height of tower air inlet
shall be larger than two times of air inlet height. The clear distance between cooling towers shall be
larger than 0m radius of cooling tower.
2 Circulating water pump of indirect air cooling system of ejector condenser should be arranged
in turbine house or adjoining room of turbine house. Independent water circulating pump house should
be arranged for the indirect air cooling system of surface condenser, and it may be arranged in cooling
tower area or in front of turbine house.
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18.5.13 The structure and size of air cooling tower shall be determined preferentially with the
combination of project arrangement. Air cooling radiator may be arranged horizontally or perpendicularly
and the arrangement should be determined through demonstration according to factors such as the
shape of air cooling tower and the influence of external wind on heat dissipation efficiency. The
overhaul lifting facility of air cooling radiator shall be considered in the design of air cooling tower.
18.5.14 The design of exhaust fume cooling tower shall meet the following requirements:
1 Fume and inner flue shall be included in the thermal performance calculation and optimization
calculation of cooling tower.
2 The exhaust fume cooling tower shall be provided with reasonable opening and strengthening
measures.
3 The anti-corrosive design plan of exhaust fume cooling tower and the selection of aseptic
production shall be determined through technical and economical comparison.
18.5.15 The differences between the thermal performance and structural performance of seawater
cooling tower and fresh water cooling tower shall be considered in the selection and design of
seawater cooling tower, and cooling tower padding, water eliminator and corresponding anti-corrosive
measures that suitable for sea water quality shall be selected.
18.5.16 Where the noise of cooling tower exceeds environmental protection requirements, control
measures shall be taken.
18.6 External Ash and Slag Handling System and Ash Storage Yard
18.6.1 The laying of ash pipes inside and outside plant area should meet the following requirements:
1 Pressure ash pipes outside the plant area should be laid along ground or pipe support. Attention
shall be paid to that they shall not occupy or occupy less farmland; and passing through residential
areas and houses shall be avoided.
2 Pressure ash pipe in plant area should be laid in ditch, if conditions permit, it may be laid
along ground or pipe support of pipe support.
3 Where reliable basis is provided to prove that the scaling or abrasion of ash pipe is not severe,
ash pipe may also be directly buried under ground.
4 The gradient of ash pipe should not be less than 0.1%. The lowest place shall be provided
with empty measure and the highest place shall be provided with exhaust measure.
18.6.2 The pressure ash pipes outside plant area should be laid along roadside and the original road
shall be fully used for overhaul. Where the road requires partial construction or complete overhaul, it
shall be constructed in accordance with low cost road, and land conservation shall be paid attention to
and farmland husbandry shall not be influenced.
18.6.3 The drainage of water ash yard shall be reused only after being treated according to requirements
such as environmental protection and water-saving etc. and it shall not discharged. Recycle water
system shall be determined according to conditions such as topography, geology, water quantity, water
quality and discharge structure in ash storage yard etc. Recycle water pipeline should be laid with ash
pipe. Where the scaling is serious, anti-scaling measure shall be taken and directly-buried arrangement
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should be adopted.
18.6.4 Steel pipe or composite pipe should be adopted for ash pipe. Steel pipe, composite pipe or
prestressed reinforced concrete pipe should be adopted for ash-water recycling pipe. As for ash pipe
section with serious abrasion, steel pipe lined cast stone pipe or other wear-proof composite pipe
should be adopted. Where the ash-water scaling and abrasion are not serious, steel pipe or anti-scaling
composite pipe should be adopted.
18.6.5 Ash-water recycling system shall be installed for clear water in water ash yard. Recycle water
in ash yard shall be reused in ash flushing system. As for the beach ash yard that ash is conveyed by
seawater, ash-water recycling in ash yard shall be determined according to environmental protection
requirements and engineering conditions.
18.6.6 The number of ash-water recycling water pumps should not be less than three, among which
one is standby; one ash-water recycling pipeline may be laid and no standby is set.
18.6.7 The ash yard shall be planned uniformly by stages and sections according to planning capacity
of power plant. The effective volume of embankment formed in early stage shall not be less than the
ash and slag volume of three years calculated according to the design coal type. The effective volume
of accident ash yard of the combined heat and power generation project shall be in accordance with
the ash and slag volume of 6 months calculated according to design coal type. Duty room should be
arranged near the ash yard, and necessary operation and management facilities for living, communication
and lightening etc. shall be provided.
18.6.8 The design standard of dam in valley water ash yard shall be implemented in accordance with
Table 18.6.8:
Table 18.6.8 Design Standard of Ash Dam in Valley Ash Yard
Grading indexes Flood recurrence Safe height in dam Anti-slide stability factor
period (a) crest (m) Outer slope Inner slope

Ash yard Total Final dam
Normal Abnormal Normal
grade capacity V height H
Design Check Design Check operating operation operating
(108m3) (m)
conditions condition conditions
One V>1 H>70 100 500 1.0 0.7 1.25 1.05 1.15
Two 0.1<V1 50<H70 50 200 0.7 0.5 1.20 1.05 1.15
Three 0.01<V0.1 30<H50 30 100 0.5 0.3 1.15 1.00 1.15
Note: 1 Where ash and slag is used for damming, the safe height of ash dam crest and anti-slide stability factor shall be implemented
according to the requirements of the current national standard Code for Design of Ash Slag Damming of Fossil Fuel Power
Plants DL/T 5045.
2 Where the downstream of ash yard has important industrial and mining enterprises and intensive residential area, one grade
design standard may be improved through demonstration.
3 Where the dam height is not suitable for the total capacity, the higher one shall prevail; where the differential is greater than
one grade, it shall be determined according to one-grade degradation of the higher one.
4 The dam crest shall be at least 1.0m ~1.5m higher than the elevation of ash pile.
18.6.9 The construction standard of river, lake and beach (intertidal zone) ash yard embankment
shall be consistent with that of local embankment project. The design of embankment shall be
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implemented according to the requirements of the current national standard Code for Design of
Levee Project GB 50286 and its grade is the same as that of local embankment project. In addition, it
shall also meet the requirements specified in Table 18.6.9.
Table 18.6.9 Design Standard of River, Lake and Beach (Intertidal Zone) Ash Yard Embankment
Reoccurrence period Reoccurrence

of inner embankment period of wind Safe height of embankment
Anti-slide stability factor
catchment and outer wave outside crest (anti-wave wall top)(m)
Total
Ash levee tide level (a) embankment (a)
volume
yard Outer side of Inner side of
V Outer slope Inner slop
grade embankment embankment
8 3
(10 m ) Design and
Design Check Normal Abnormal Normal
check
Design Check Design Check operating operation operating
conditions condition conditions
I V>0.1 50 200 50 0.4 0.0 0.7 0.5 1.20 1.05 1.15
II V0.1 30 100 50 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.3 1.15 1.00 1.15
Note: Embankment crest (or anti-wave wall top) shall be 1m higher than the elevation of ash pile.
18.6.10 Where the dam and drainage facility of valley type water ash yard are designed, the flood
regulation action of ash yard shall be considered. Where valley type dry ash yard is designed, the
diversion facilities of flood interception and flood drainage shall be considered.
18.6.11 Where dry ash handling is adopted, the design of dry ash yard shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The whole dry ash yard shall be reasonably planned and shall be used by stages and sections,
and it is regarded as the basis of ash-convey road design in yard and construction equipment selection.
Where the height is filled to the design elevation, the earth-covering or vegetation greening shall be
done timely.
2 Where there is catchment basin around the dry ash yard, catchment should be intercepted and
led outside the ash yard. Where early stage dam is set in the downstream place of valley dry ash yard
and the method of ash piling from downstream to upstream is taken, drainage facilities should be set
in the ash yard. Design standard of flood control may be determined by reference to water ash yard.
3 Dry ash yard shall be equipped with construction equipment of normal operation, and a small
amount of standby equipment may be considered according to conditions.
4 Praying water pool should be set in dry ash yard and perfect water facilities shall be provided.
The yard shall be equipped with praying equipment and among which one water truck shall be provided
at least.
5 The green isolation belt not less than 10m in width shall be installed around plain dry ash
yard. Valley dry ash yard may make use of the massif and the original forest as windproof cover, and
the green isolation belt not less than 10m in width may be set when necessary.
18.7 Water Supply and Drainage
18.7.1 Where the power plant is close to city, development area, or other industrial enterprises, the
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pipe network system of domestic water supply and water drainage should be connected with the water
supply and drainage systems of city, development area or other industrial enterprises.
18.7.2 Where the power plant is equipped with self-supply drinking water system, the selection of
water source and water source treatment shall meet the requirements of the current national standard
Code for Design of Outdoor Water Supply Engineering GB 50013; sanitary protection of water
source and the water quality standard must meet the relevant requirements of the current national
standard Standards for Drinking Water Quality GB 5749.
18.7.3 The selection of water treatment process flow for water purification station shall be determined
through technical and economical comparison in combination with local conditions according to raw
water quality, design treatment capacity and water quality requirements after processing. The design
of coagulation, settling, clearing, and filtering of feedwater treatment and deironing, demanganization
and defluorine of underground water, etc shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant
requirements of the current national standard Code for Design of Outdoor Water Supply Engineering
GB 50013.
18.7.4 Separate system shall be adopted for the drainage system of sanitary sewage, production
sewage, wastewater and rainwater in plant area. All kinds of waste water and sewage shall be classified,
collected and conveyed according to the principle of water-sewage separation, and shall be treated
according to pollution degree, reutilization and discharge requirements. The quality of miscellaneous
water reutilized after treatment shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard
The Reuse of Urban Recycling Water-Water Quality Standard for Urban Miscellaneous Water
Consumption GB/T 18920; the quality of water discharged out after treatment shall meet the relevant
requirements of the current national standard Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB 8978.
18.7.5 The production sewage that contains corrosive materials, oiliness or other hazardous material
and the production wastewater with the temperature higher than 40 shall be treated to meet the
requirements of current national standard before being discharged into production wastewater system
and discharged out from normative drain outlet.
18.7.6 Where coal handling system buildings is cleaned by water, the coal-containing waste water
generated by cleaning shall be treated, and coal-containing waste water shall be reused after treatment.
Rainwater settling tank should be set in open-air coal yard of power plant, and should be set to
together with flashing drainage settling tank of coal handling system building.
18.7.7 The treatment of sewage such as sanitary sewage, oily sewage and ash water etc. shall meet
the relevant requirements of the current professional standard Technical Code for the Design of
Waste Water Treatment of Fossil Fuel Power Plants DL/T 5046.
18.8 Hydraulic Buildings (Structures)
18.8.1 The design of hydraulic buildings (structures) shall be determined through technical and
economical comparison according to hydrologic, weather, geology, construction condition, supply of
building materials and local specific conditions.
18.8.2 The relevant requirements in the twentieth chapter Buildings and structures of this code shall
also be implemented in the design of hydraulic building and structure.
18.8.3 The appearance of the pump house and water intake building located in plant area shall be in
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harmony with other buildings; the architecture modeling treatment of the pump house and water
intake building outside the plant area shall be in harmony with surrounding environment.
18.8.4 As for the pump house far away from plant area, necessary production and living facilities
shall be installed.
18.8.5 Terrazzo floor should be adopted for the electrical operating floor of water circulating pump
house and the motor floor of vertical pump; cement floor may be adopted for other pump houses.
18.8.6 Plastic steel window or aluminum alloy window should be adopted for water intake building
and pump house. The steel door or electric rolling door may be selected according to specific conditions
for the front door for equipment accessing.
18.8.7 Seawater buildings shall adopt the material with corrosion prevention from seawater or other
effective anti-corrosion measures, and shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national
standard Code for Design of River Port Engineering GBJ 50192. The steel pipe used for seawater
intake shall be protected specially.
18.8.8 Where the hydraulic structure is built on the soft soil base, the deformation and stability of
base shall be considered. Where the design requirements are not met, base treatment measure shall be
taken. The settlement observation points should be set around building.
18.8.9 Hydraulic structure shall be planned uniformly according to planning capacity. Where the
conditions are appropriate, it may be constructed by stages; where the construction conditions are
difficult, the arrangement is restricted and the stage construction is unreasonable in economy, it may
be built at a time according to planning capacity.
18.8.10 Water outlet shall be installed at joint of open drainage channel and riverbed. The type of
water outlet may be determined according to factors such as topographic and geological conditions,
energy dissipation and heat dissipation requirements.
18.8.11 Cut-off ditch should be arranged on the hillside around the valley type dry ash storage yard,
and the design standard may be considered according to the flood reoccurrence period of once every
decade.
18.8.12 Where the upstream of valley type dry ash storage yard is equipped with flood detention
dam, the dam height shall be determined through technical and economical comparison according to
the flood regulation calculus based on different drainage facilities for design flood. The design standard
shall be determined according to the height and volume of ash pile by reference to Table 18.6.8. The
downstream ash retention embankment (dam) should be drainage arras.
18.8.13 The local building materials should be adopted for the structure of ash storage yard
embankment. When condition permits, ash and slag may be adopted for staging damming and the safe,
economic and reasonable dam type shall be selected through technical and economical comparison
with the combination of environmental protection requirements.
18.8.14 Where the ash dam is constructed in the region with seismic precautionary intensity of six
or more, the corresponding measures of preventing dam body and base from liquefying shall be taken
according to base conditions.
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19 Auxiliary and Ancillary Facilities
19.0.1 The unit capability, type, number, characteristics of equipment maintenance, regional coordination
and transportation shall be taken into comprehensive consideration for the design of power plant.
Generally, metalworking overhaul facility is not set. The social processing capacity shall be fully used
for the large and precision parts processing and casting. The overhaul facilities shall be arranged for
the power plant with major repair outsourcing and regional intensive maintenance according to the
requirements of unit maintenance or minor repair. Where the enterprise is able to meet the overhaul
tasks of power plant, overhaul facility is not set additionally for the enterprise self-supply power plant.
19.0.2 Where the power plant is located in remote area, the overhaul room of boiler, turbine,
electricity, fuel and chemistry etc. may be set in accordance with local conditions and according to
unit capacity and quantity.
19.0.3 Power plant shall be equipped with the warehouse and yard for storage of materials, standbys
and auxiliaries. The arrangement of material depot and oil depot shall meet the relevant requirements
of current fire regulation. The material depot of enterprise self-supply power plant may be designed
by planned as a whole by the enterprise.
19.0.4 The compressed air system used for control and overhaul should be set for power plant, and
the compressed air system and air compressor should meet the following requirements:
1 The compressed air system of power plant should be shared by the whole plant, including
technology specialty such as chemistry, ash handling etc..
2 The air compressor of the same type and volume should be adopted for the systems used for
control and overhaul and shall be arranged intensively. The outlets of air compressor shall be
connected to the same main pipe, and the compressed air electrical isolation valve used for control
and overhaul shall be installed on the main pipe. The low pressure interlock protection shall also be
arranged for the main pipe to ensure that the pressure of compressed air system meet the requirements
of working pressure in any operation condition. The gas tank and air supply system of the two
systems shall be arranged separately. The air supply pressure of compressed air shall be in accordance
with the requirements of gas terminal. Stainless steel pipe should be adopted for the compressed air
supply pipe used for control.
3 The total capability of the operating air compressor shall meet the largest consecutive gas
consumption of gas consuming equipment used for thermal control in the whole plant, and one standby
shall be arranged.
4 Where all the air compressors are out of service, the capacity of gas tank of compressed air
system used for thermal control shall be able to maintain the air consumption in 5min~10min. Special
voltage stabilizing gas tanks should be arranged for pneumatic protection device and the air consumption
points far away from the air compressor house.
5 The compression system used for thermal control shall be equipped with dedusting filter and
air dryer, and match with the capacity of air compressor operation. The quality of air supply shall
meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard Pressure Range and Quality of Air
Supply for the Industrial Process Measurement and Control Instruments GB 4830; the quality of air
source shall meet the following requirements:
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1) The dew point under working pressure shall be 10 lower than the lowest temperature
of working environment.
2) The diameter of dust particle in gas after purification shall not be greater than 3m.
3) The oil content of the gas conveyed by air source device shall be controlled under 8ppm.
6 The measure of preventing the noise and vibration shall be arranged for air compressor house.
7 Where enterprise is equipped with air compressor station and the conveying conditions are
appropriate, the air compressor may not be set additionally for enterprise self-supply power plant.
19.0.5 The insulating design of equipment and pipeline for power plant shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The insulating design of power plant shall meet the relevant requirements of the current
national standards.
2 The frequently operating equipment and pipeline whose surface temperature is higher than
50 shall be insulated. The equipment and pipeline not operating infrequently and with the surface
temperature higher than 60 shall be insulated for preventing scald within the height of 2.2m that
staff may reach. The outside surface temperature of insulating layer shall not be greater than 60.
The damp-proof layer that reduces the heat radiation should be arranged for outdoor steam pipeline.
3 The thickness of insulating layers for equipment and pipeline shall be determined according
to economic thickness method. Where the temperature fall of medium shall be restricted in the
conveying process, it shall be calculated according to thermal equilibrium method.
4 The main technical performance index of selected insulating material shall meet the following
requirements:
1) The working temperature of medium shall be 450~650, thermal conductivity shall

not be larger than 0.11W/(m K).
2) The working temperature of medium shall be less than 450 and thermal conductivity
shall not be larger than 0.09W/(m K). The thermal conductivity shall be provided with
the thermal conductivity formula or diagram of temperature dependence.
3) The density shall not be larger than 220kg/m3 for hard insulating material and shall not
be larger than 150kg/m3 for soft insulating material.
5 The thermal structure design shall meet the following requirements:
1) The outside insulating layer shall be provided with favorable protective layer. The protective
layer shall be water-proof and flame-retardant; and its mechanical strength shall meet the
requirements of construction and operation.
2) Where hard insulating material is adopted, expansion joint shall be reserved for straight
pipe segment and elbow. As for the high temperature pipeline whose vertical length
exceeds 2m~3m, strutting piece of hoop load-bearing ring shall be installed. As for the
middle-low temperature pipeline whose vertical length 3m~5m, strutting piece of welding
load-bearing ring shall be installed.
3) Movable insulating construction should be adopted for the components such as valve and
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flange that need to be disassembled when overhauling.
19.0.6 The painting and anti-corrosion design of equipment and pipeline for power plant shall meet
1 The medium name and flow direction shall be marked out with words and arrow on the
external surface of pipeline protective layer.
2 The uninsulated equipment and pipeline and their accessories shall be painted with anti-
corrosion primer and finish paint twice. The equipment and pipeline whose medium temperature is
less than 120 and its accessories shall be painted with anti-corrosion primer twice.
19.0.7 Oil storage tank and oil filtering equipment should be arranged for power plant, and separated
oil treatment room is not arranged. The total capacity of turbine oil and insulating oil storage tanks
shall not be respectively less than system turbine oil quantity of the largest unit and 110% of insulating
oil quantity of the largest transformer.
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20 Buildings and Structures
20.1.1 The guideline of safe, applicable, economical and aesthetic shall be fully implemented for
the building structure design of power plant.
20.1.2 For purposes of architectural design, the buildings plan layout, spatial organization, architecture
form, color treatment and building envelope shall be well selected in combination of the process
design, according to such factors as production flow, application requirements, natural conditions,
surrounding environment, building materials and building technologies. The architectural design
hereof shall cooperate with the process to solve such problems as internal traffic, fire prevention,
explosion proof and pressure-discharging, water proof, damp proof, corrosion prevention, noise proof,
dust proof, small animals proof, earthquake proof, vibration isolation, thermal insulation, heat insulation,
energy conservation, sunlight, lighting, environmental protection, natural ventilation and living facilities.
Where the treatment of form, appearance and internal part is carried out, the building and structure
and process equipment shall be regarded as unified whole. The coordination of building and structure
group and surrounding environment shall be paid attention to.
20.1.3 The fire protection design of each building and structure in power plant must comply with the
relevant requirements of the current national standard Code for Design of Fire Protection for Fossil
Fuel Power Plants and Substations GB 50229 and the requirements of other relevant national fire
protection standards and codes.
20.1.4 The design service life of the structure of buildings (structure) for power plant shall be 50
years except for the temporary structures.
20.1.5 In structure design, different safety levels shall be adopted according to the severity of
potential consequence caused by structural damage. The safety level of chimney whose height is 200m
or more, the reinforced concrete bunker of main building and boiler cradle of reinforced concrete
suspend boiler is Level 1, and safety level of the remaining buildings and structures is Level 2.
20.1.6 The relevant requirements of the current national and professional standards shall be
implemented for the scale and area of plant auxiliary, ancillary and living buildings; according to the
principle of land conservation, multi-story buildings and combined buildings should be adopted.
20.1.7 In the selection of the building materials, the characteristics of different regions should be
considered and recyclable materials shall be used in accordance with local conditions. The clay
products forbidden by the nation and local government shall not be used as building masonry materials.
20.1.8 Structure design must meet the production requirements in the aspects of bearing capacity,
stability, deformation and durability etc., and the construction and installation conditions shall also be
considered. As for concrete structure, crack width of structure shall be checked and calculated where
necessary. Dynamic calculation shall be conducted for the structure that bears dynamic loads where
necessary. Sealing treatment shall be done for pulverized coal bunker and explosion-proof requirements
shall be considered.
20.1.9 The design of deformation joints for buildings (structures) shall meet the following requirements:
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1 Settlement joints or seismic joints shall be arranged for buildings (structure) according to
type, load, engineering geology and seismic precautionary intensity.
2 The maximum distance of longitudinal temperature expansion joint of main building should
not exceed 75m for cast-in-place reinforced concrete structures; should not exceed 100m for assembled
type reinforced concrete structures; and should not exceed 150m for steel structures.
3 The deformation joint shall not destroy the decoration surface layer of building. Water-proof,
fire prevention, thermal insulation and corrosion prevention and other measures shall be taken for the
construction and materials of deformation joint according to its parts and requirements.
4 The distance of temperature expansion joints may be enlarged properly where the bases are
sufficient and the design requirements may be met by taking effective measures and through temperature
stress calculation.
5 The temperature expansion joint of main building should be arranged between two generator
units and double column-double roof truss should be adopted. Cantilever structure should be adopted
for the beam slab at expansion joint and building envelope.
20.1.10 The measure of preventing salt mist corrosion shall be taken for exposed structures of
power plant located at seaside.
20.2 Seismic Design
20.2.1 The guideline of prevention first shall be implemented for the seismic design of power plant.
After seismic protection, building damage may be relieved, casualties may be avoided and economic
losses may be reduced.
20.2.2 The seismic protection shall be done for the buildings whose seismic precautionary intensity
is 6 or above. The building and structure seismic protection of power plant shall be implemented in
accordance with the relevant requirements of the current national standards Standard for Classification
of Seismic Protection of Building Constructions GB 50223 and Code for Design of Seismic of
Electrical Installations GB 50260, and shall meet the following requirements:
1 The seismic protection shall be carried out for the self-supply power plants main plant building
structure, boiler cradle, chimney, flue, coal handling trestle, coal crusher room, transfer station, main
control building (including central control building), indoor power distribution building, fuel, and fuel
supply facilities of gas unit power plant etc. of very important industrial and mining enterprises
according to the building of major fortification category (Category B) in the current national standard
Standard for Classification of Seismic Protection of Building Constructions GB 50223.
2 The seismic protection shall be carried out for the secondary structures such as material depot,
plan wall and bicycle shed etc. according to the building of appropriate fortification category (Category
D) in the current national standard Standard for Classification of Seismic Protection of Building
Constructions GB 50223.
3 The seismic protection shall be carried out for the other buildings, except those in Items 1
and 2, according to the building of standard fortification category (Category C) in the current national
standard Standard for Classification of Seismic Protection of Building Constructions (GB 50223).
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20.3 Main Mill Building Structure
20.3.1 The reinforced concrete structure should be adopted for the frame or bent of main building,
and composite structure or steel structure may also be adopted where conditions permit.
20.3.2 The roof system with or without purlin and with plate and beam (roof truss) shall be selected
for roof structure of turbine house. As for the plant with purlin-free roof system, large prestressed roof
slab should be adopted where construction conditions and materials permit. As for the purlin roof
system, small trough plate or cast-in-place reinforced concrete slab with the bottom die made of
profiled steel sheet should be adopted.
20.3.3 Where the roof truss span of turbine house is 18m or less, reinforced concrete roof truss or
prestressed reinforced concrete thin webbed girder should be adopted; where the span is greater than
18m, steel roof truss or solid webbed steel girder should be adopted.
20.3.4 The envelope structure of main building shall correspond with the bearing structure system.
Building blocks should be adopted and new type of light-weight wallboard may also be adopted
where necessary.
20.3.5 The boiler cradle of suspended boiler shall be arranged independently. The boiler cradle
should be of steel structure or reinforced concrete structure.
20.3.6 The design of turbine generator foundation shall be in accordance with the relevant requirements
of current national standard Code for Design of Dynamic Machine Foundation GB 50040.
20.4 Base and Foundation
20.4.1 For the design of ground and foundation, the regional building experience shall be learned
adequately, the factors such as structure type and material supply shall be taken into comprehensive
consideration and the safe, economic and reasonable foundation form shall be adopted, in accordance
with the engineering geology and geotechnical engineering condition and in combination with the
application requirements of every kind of building and structure in power plant.
20.4.2 For the design of main building base, the appropriate base type and the pile foundation
bearing layer shall be adopted according to different engineering geological conditions or different
plant construction units.
20.4.3 Except for the calculation of the bearing capacity for base, the deformation and stability of
base shall be checked and calculated according to the relevant requirements of current national
standard Code for Design of Building Foundation GB 50007.
20.4.4 Where the bearing capacity, deformation or stability cant meet the design requirements,
artificial base shall be adopted. Prototype test shall be carried out for the base treatment of important
buildings and structures. Where mature experience is available in the base treatment method intended
to be adopted for project construction field, prototype test may not be carried out for extension project.
20.4.5 Individual foundation should be adopted for the selection of plant foundation, and strip-shape
foundation, raft foundation and box foundation may also be adopted successively.
20.4.6 The influence of loading shall be considered for coal storage yard, large-area loading area
and its adjacent buildings according to geological conditions. Where the base cant meet the design
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requirements, treatment shall be carried out.
20.4.7 The settlement observation points shall be arranged for primary buildings and structures.
20.4.8 The influence of extension buildings (structure) on the existing buildings (structures) shall be
considered in extension design.
20.5 Lighting and Natural Ventilation
20.5.1 For lighting of buildings, priority should be given to natural lighting; and the design shall
1 Indoor natural lighting illuminance of buildings shall meet the relevant requirements of the
current national standard Standard for Daylighting Design of Buildings GB/T 50033.
2 Under the premise of meeting the daylighting requirements, the area of the daylight opening
shall be reduced in buildings; its arrangement shall not be influenced by equipment sheltering.
3 For the design of side window, the building energy conservation and convenience for cleaning
shall be taken into account, and the large area of glass window shall be avoided.
20.5.2 The combined lighting method by side window and top should be adopted for steam turbine
room; daylighting grade of operation floor may be designed according to Grade V.
20.5.3 In all kinds of control rooms, generation of glare shall be avoided on control panel surface,
displayer screen of operating board, and at the direction of sight line.
20.5.4 Natural ventilation should be adopted in power plant building; the ventilation opening in wall
and storey shall be arranged reasonably to avoid short circuit and backflow of gas flow, and to reduce
dead corner of gas flow.
20.6 Thermal Engineering and Noise Control of Building
20.6.1 The thermal design of buildings shall comply with the energy conservation guideline of the
state; the design shall be in accordance with the local climate conditions; the building orientation shall
be noticed; the energy dissipation in heating and air-conditioning of buildings shall be saved; and the
quality of indoor thermal environment shall be improved and ensured.
20.6.2 In the plant area, the thermal design of living buildings and the auxiliary and subsidiary
buildings crowded with people shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard
Thermal Design Code for Civil Building GB 50176. In severe cold and cold regions, the relevant
requirements of the current professional standard Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential
Buildings in Severe Cold and Cold Zones JGJ 26 shall be complied with.
20.6.3 The architectural design shall attach importance to noise control; for arrangement, the main
working and living areas shall be kept away from the strong noise source, and the sound absorption
and insulation measures shall be taken for noise source. Design of noise control shall meet the
relevant requirements of the current national standard Specifications for the Design of Noise Control
System in Industrial Enterprises GBJ 87.
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20.7 Waterproof and Drainage
20.7.1 For the floors requiring flushing in the main plant building, organized water drainage shall be
taken into account; waterproof and organized water drainage shall be made on deaerator floor, bunker
floor, and the required flushing floor surface (including coal handling trestle) and main plant building
roof (including top structure and operation floor platform of outdoor boiler). For topplate of electrical
and control equipment room, reliable waterproof and water drainage measures shall be provided. Design
of roof engineering shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard Technical
Code for Roof Engineering GB 50345.
20.7.2 All of the interior channels, tunnels, basements and melt pits etc. shall be provided with well-
conditioned drainage design and reliable waterproof and drainage facilities. Where free drainage is not
ensured, mechanical drainage shall be adopted and avoid backflow. Cable trenches and cable tunnels
must not be regarded as the drainage channel of ground washing water and other water.
20.7.3 Roof of electrical building should be adopted with cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure
(assembling the integral structure roof needs adding block cast floor); high-quality waterproof layer
and organized water drainage should be selected.
20.8 Interior and Exterior Decoration
20.8.1 Interior and exterior decoration of building shall meet the following requirements:
1 The interior and exterior wall surfaces of building shall be treated according to the use and
surface requirements; they should be pollution-resistant and easy-to-clean.
2 Unless otherwise required in the process, the materials of ground and floor surface should
adopt the wear-proof and easy-to-clean ones.
3 Interior decoration shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard
Code for Fire Prevention in Design of Interior Decoration of Buildings GB 50222.
20.8.2 As for room with corrosive matter, anti-corrosive measures shall be taken for its internal
surface (including internal surface of indoor and outdoor discharge ditches). As for room with flammable
gas, arrangement of its internal components shall be convenient for discharge of gas.
20.9 Doors and Windows
20.9.1 Design of building doors shall meet the following requirements:
1 Plant building door used for transportation should adopt steel door.
2 Entrance/exit for large equipment may adopt electric gate (pedestrian door should be set in or
nearby the gate). Doors and windows with good heat preservation and airtight property shall be
selected in severe cold and cold regions.
3 Door of non-combustible material shall be adopted for electrical equipment room; measures
for avoiding entering of small animals shall be taken for doors and windows as well as the wall holes.
20.9.2 Design of building windows shall meet the following requirements:

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1 Buildings should be adopted with steel window, plastic steel window or aluminum alloy
window etc.; where necessary the windows may be added with window screen.
2 Casement window or sliding window should be set within the area where human act frequently.
3 High side light used for ventilation should be adopted with mechanical opening/closing device.
4 The building design shall take consideration of the convenience for window sash maintenance
and scrubbing.
20.9.3 Door and window of the room with corrosive matter shall be considered with corrosion
resistance.
20.10 Living Facilities
20.10.1 Locations with system operators gathered relatively, such as central control room, and coal
handling and dedusting systems etc. shall be provided with living facilities like resting room, dressing
room and so on.
20.10.2 The plant area should be designed with concentrated bathroom. The combustion subfield
shall be set with special bathroom nearby separately.
20.10.3 Key operation floor of main production buildings and the buildings crowed with people
shall be considered with the drinking water facilities and shall be equipped with water tank used for
toilet and cleaning.
20.11 Chimney
20.11.1 Chimney design shall meet the requirements of the current national standard Code for
Design of Chimneys GB 50051 and other current chimney design standards.
20.11.2 Chimney structure may be single tube chimney or tube-in-tube chimney; according to the
requirements such as flue gas corrosion strength, boiler operation and environmental protection,
combining with fuel gas condition, its selection shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where flue gas with strong corrosion is discharged, tube-in-tube chimney should be adopted.
2 Where flue gas with medium corrosion is discharged, tube-in-tube chimney should be adopted;
while anti-corrosive single-tube chimney may also be adopted.
3 Where flue gas with weak corrosion is discharged, anti-corrosive single-tube chimney may
be adopted.
20.11.3 Where tube-in-tube chimney is adopted, spacing between outer tube wall and discharge
inner tube shall be considered with the conditions convenient for people patrol, maintenance and overhaul.
20.11.4 Anti-corrosive material of chimney shall be with performances such as good acid resistance,
temperature resistance, impermeability and tightness.
20.12 Coal Handling Structures
20.12.1 Coal handling trestle may be adopted with reinforced concrete structure. Where the coal
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handling trestle span is larger than 24m, its vertical structure should be adopted with steel truss.
20.12.2 According to climate conditions, coal handling trestle may be adopted with closed, semi-
closed or outdoor type; when it is semi-closed, it should be adopted with light enclosure structure.
20.12.3 Top cover of dry-coal shed should be adopted with steel structure.
20.13 Supporting Structure of Air Cooled Condenser
20.13.1 Regular and symmetrical arrangement shall be adopted for plane arrangement of supporting
structure of air cooled condenser.
20.13.2 Reinforced concrete frame structure, steel structure and composite structure consisted of
steel truss and reinforced concrete pipe column may be adopted as the supporting structure of air
cooled condenser.
20.13.3 Reliable anti-corrosive measures shall be taken for the main bearing steel structural
members.
20.14 Live Loads
20.14.1 For roof and floor (ground) structure design of buildings (structures) in power plant, loads
that are caused by heavy weights such as equipment, pipe, vehicle and placing of material during the
production use, overhaul, construction and installation shall be taken into account.
20.14.2 Values of live loads without special purpose may be adopted in accordance with Table
20.14.2.
20.14.3 The cranes of steam turbine room , mortar pump house, repair plant, overhauling room and
induced draft fan room shall be taken with values according to the working levels A1~A3 specified in
the current national standard Design Rules for Cranes GB/T 38112008; the bridge-type grab crane
of coal-fired and dedusting buildings shall be taken with values according to working levels A6 and
A7.
20.14.4 The design of power-transmission frame not only shall be in accordance with the conductor,
horizontal tension of ground wire, vertical load and equipment dead weight provided in the process,
but also shall calculate other live loads such as overhaul and operation.
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Table 20.14.2 Standard Value, Combination Value, Frequent Value and Quasi-permanent Value Factor of the Live Loads Uniformly Distributed on Roof and Floor (Ground) of
Main Plant Buildings in Fossil Fired Power Plant
Reduction factor Live loads on

Reduction
for calculating roofs (floors) Quasi-
Standard factor for Combination Frequent
secondary beam, for calculating permanent
No. Name value calculating value value Remarks
double T plate main frame value
2
(kN/m ) main beam factor factor
and channel slab structure factor
(column)
2
main rib (kN/m )
I Steam turbine room
1 0.000m
Floor in collective overhauling area 15~20
Other void ground and reinforced concrete

10 0.7 0.7 0.5
trench cover
Steel cover plate (steel grating plate) 4 0.7 0.7 0.5
2 Intermediate floor platform
Pipeline floor of calorifier platform and low

4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7
pressure calorifier floor surface
Platform at interlayer of the turbine-

4 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7
generator pedestal
3 Operation floor of steam turbine room
Floor slab at calorifier platform area and

6~8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5
fixed end platform
Overhanging passable platform of gable at

4 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5
the extension end
Floor slab at the turbine-generator overhaul

15~20 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5
area and turbine-generator pedestal platform
Cantilever platform of Row A column 4 1.0 4 0.75 0.7 0.6

Cantilever platform of Row B column 8 1.0 5~6 0.75 0.7 0.6
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Table 20.14.2 (continued)

Reduction
2
(column)
2
main rib (kN/m )
I Steam turbine room
3 Operation floor of steam turbine room
Steel cover plate (steel grating plate) 4 0.7 0.7 0.5

4 Roof of steam turbine room 1 1 0.7 0.5~0.7 0.7 0.5 0.2
II Deaerator bay
Floor surface of auxiliary distribution The values in parentheses are only used for high-voltage
5 6 (10) 0.7 3 (6) 0.95 0.9 0.8

device (>380V) distribution device
Floor surface of ventilation layer and cable

6 4 0.8 3 0.95 0.9 0.7
interlayer
Floor surface of operation floor (pipeline

7 6~8 0.8 5~6 0.9 0.9 0.7
floor)
Floor surface of other (non-operation floor)

8 4 0.8 3 0.9 0.9 0.7
pipeline floors
9 Floor surface of deaerator floor 4 0.7 3~4 0.9 0.9 0.7
The values in parentheses are used for where this floor is

10 Roof of deaerator bay 4 (2) 0.7 3 (1) 0.7 0.6 0.4 free of any equipment or pipeline loads and is only placed
with few materials in construction and installation
III Bunker bay
11 0.000m coal mill flooring 15
12 Floor surface of operation floor 6 0.7 5 0.9 0.9 0.7
13 Pulverized fuel feeder platform 4 0.7 3 0.9 0.9 0.7
130

Reduction
2
(column)
2
main rib (kN/m )
III Bunker bay
14 Floor surface of bunker floor 4 0.7 3 0.9 0.9 0.7
15 Floor surface of belt floor 4 0.8 3 0.9 0.9 0.7
Floor surface of driving device at the head of

10 0.7 6 0.9 0.9 0.7
belt conveyer
The values in parentheses are used for where this layer is

16 Roof of coal bunker bay 4 (2) 0.7 3 (1) 0.7 0.6 0.4 free of any equipment or pipeline loads and is only placed
with few materials in construction and installation
Cantilever platforms of non-operation floors

17 4 0.8 3 0.9 0.9 0.7
of deaerator bay and coal bunker bay
IV Boiler house
0.000 m flooring and reinforced concrete

18 10 0.7 0.7 0.5
trench cover
19 Floor surface of operation floor 8 0.8 0.7 6 0.8 0.8 0.6
20 Roof of boiler house 1 1.0 0.7 0.5~0.7 0.7 0.6 0.2

21 Roof of penthouse 1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.0
V Others
22 Floor surface of centralized control room 4 0.8 0.7 3 0.9 0.9 0.7
Floor surface of relay room and battery room 6 0.8 0.7 4 0.9 0.9 0.7
The values stated in Item 26 can be adopted if tools and

Roof of centralized control room 1 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.2
materials are stacked
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Reduction factor Reduction Live loads on

Quasi-
Standard for calculating factor for roofs (floors) Combination Frequent
2
(column)
main rib (kN/m2)
V Others
Floor surface and communication platform The floor surface load of machine room is provided by the
23 4 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7
of elevator machine room manufacturer
Reinforced concrete stairs of deaerator bay The larger value shall be adopted where heavy parts such as
24 4 0.7 0.7 0.5
and bunker bay (including main steel stairs) valves may be placed during operation and overhaul
25 Steel stair of main plant building 2 0.7 0.6 0.5
Roofs of other production buildings

(including centralized control) where
26 4 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4
installation tools and thermal insulation
materials may be stacked
Note: The reinforced concrete trench covers and trenches (including the tunnels) in the 0m equipment operating and overhauling (overhauling of equipment such as fan mill and steel ball coal mill)
channels in steam turbine room and boiler house shall be calculated according to the practically generated concentrated (or uniformly distributed) live loads. In the installation, the loads on the
underground installations generated by the channels for temporary transporting and hoisting of heavy equipments shall be solved by adopting with temporary measures.
The load on platform generated during the mounting and overhauling of rotor when the steam turbine is arranged horizontally is excluded. Where the rotor needs to be supported on the platform, loads
shall be provided according to relevant processes; where the steam turbine is arranged longitudinally, and temporary installation and overhaul platform is erected between steam turbine operation floor
platform and Row A (B) cantilever platforms, the loads acting on Row A (B) slab ribs (or boundary beam) may be calculated according to 10 kN/m2 (including dead weight of platform);
In this table, the live loads on the roof of steam turbine room and boiler house (including the roof of penthouse) are only applicable to the reinforced concrete roof;
The loads on the floor surfaces of the low-voltage (380V) distribution device shall be provided according to relevant processes; and as for general panel cabinets, the loads may be adopted according
to the 6kN/m2 listed in this Table.
The load on floor surface (ground) generated by deaerator where it needs to be hauled on floor shall be dealt with temporality measure according to actual hauling scheme.
It shall be taken into account where reduction coefficient of secondary beam (main rib of slab) is different from that of main beam (column).
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21 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
21.1.1 Heating area is divided into central heating area and heating transitional area; production
buildings and auxiliary buildings in the central heating area shall be designed with central heating. In
heating transitional area, according to the requirements of production process, or plant buildings and
auxiliary buildings easy-congealed during production process shall be designed with heating. The
division principle between central heating area and heating transitional area shall meet the following
requirements:
1 Areas where the number of days with lowest average monthly temperature less than or equal
to 5 per year is larger than or equal to 90d throughout years are the central heating areas.
2 Areas where the number of days with lowest average monthly temperature less than or equal
to 5 per year is larger than or equal to 60d but less than 90d throughout years are the heating
transitional areas.
21.1.2 The heating of welfare buildings outside plant area shall meet the local construction standard.
21.1.3 The selection of heating medium for buildings in power plant shall meet the following
requirements:
1 In central heating areas, high temperature hot water should be adopted as heating medium,
and the temperature of supplied water and return water should not be less than 110 and 70
respectively; while in heating transitional area, they may be adopted as 95 and 70 respectively.
2 If it is necessary to use steam as heating medium for main plant buildings and coal handling
system at severe cold region, it shall pass the demonstration in aspects of technology, economy, safety
and sanitation, etc.. Steam temperature shall not be greater than 160; condensed water must be
recycled.
21.1.4 The cold source and cooling water source of air conditioning system shall be determined
through technical and economic comparison according to the local conditions, the water quality and
water supply conditions of the usable cooling water source in whole plant. Where the water supply
conditions and water quality of industrial water or industrial circulating water meet the relevant req-
uirements, and the water source is enough to supply continuously, it shall be used as the cooling water
source preferentially.
21.1.5 For buildings where the inflammable and explosive gases or materials may be generated
during the transmission, storage or production process, open fire or electric calorifier must not
be adopted for heating.
21.1.6 For the power plant located at central heating area, if the steam extraction of single steam
turbine is adopted as the heat source for heating system, standby steam source shall be available.
21.1.7 The interior design parameters of heating, ventilation and air conditioning shall meet the
1 The interior design temperature for heating in winter shall be determined according to the
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process characteristics and shall meet the relevant requirements of current national standard Code for
Design of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning GB 50019.
2 The interior design temperature of ventilation in summer shall be determined according to

process requirements; where there is no specific requirement in process, the temperature at working
area shall be determined according to interior heat dissipation strength.
3 The interior design temperature and humidity datum of air conditioning shall be determined
according to the process requirements. The interior design parameters of general comfort air conditioning
shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard Code for Design of Heating
Ventilation and Air Conditioning GB 50019.
21.1.8 Design of ventilation and air conditioning shall be arranged with measures of fire fighting
and smoke extraction according to the relevant requirements of current national standard Code for
Design of Fire Protection for Fossil Fuel Power Plants and Substations GB 50229 and other fire
prevention codes of the State; and it shall be of linkage control with fire control center.
21.1.9 The setting scope of air conditioning system and installations shall be determined according
to process requirements and actual demand of production.
21.1.10 For the workshop with large heat and moisture release, the air temperature at its working
area shall be in accordance with the requirements specified in Table 21.1.10.
Table 21.1.10 Air Temperature Specification of Workshop with Heat and Moisture Release
No. Features of working area at workshop Air temperature of working area at workshop
Not exceeding the calculated outdoor temperature of ventilation in summer by

1 Heat release Q<23W/m3
more than 3

2 23W/m3 Heat release Q116W/m3
more than 5
3 Heat release Q>116W/m3
more than 7
Note: The working area refers to the space within 2m above the ground where the workplace is located.
21.1.11 Ventilation design principle of all kinds of buildings and workshops in power plants shall
1 For the buildings and workshops with larger residual heat and moisture, the ventilation
volume shall be determined accordance to the air volume needed for eliminating the residual heat and
moisture, whichever is larger.
2 As for workshop which may emit toxic and harmful gas, the ventilation volume shall be
determined according to ventilation rate which is necessary for interior maximum allowable concentration,
the indoor air must not be recycled. Emission of toxic and harmful gas shall meet the requirements of
current relevant national standards.
3 Where air in surrounding environment is relatively poor or process equipment is equipped

with dust-proof requirements, positive pressure ventilation should be adopted, and the intake air shall
be filtered.
21.1.12 As for workshop with inflammable and explosive gases generated, emergency ventilation
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shall be arranged. Emergency ventilation volume shall be calculated according to ventilation rate not
less than 12 times/h; emergency ventilation should be jointly guaranteed though normal ventilation
system and emergency ventilation system.
21.2 Main Plant Building
21.2.1 As for heating of main plant building, heating load of building envelope should be calculated
according to maintaining the room temperature at +5; in calculation, heat dissipation of equipment
and pipeline shall not be taken into account.
21.2.2 In summer, ventilation design of boiler house shall use the boiler air feeder to absorb the hot
air on the upside of the boiler house to realize mechanical exhaust; in winter, interior air sucking
capacity of boiler blower shall be determined through calculation according to heat balance.
21.2.3 Ventilation design of main plant building shall meet the following requirements:
1 Main plant building should be adopted with the natural ventilation system. Skylight with
windscreen should be set in boiler house and steam turbine room.
2 Where high side lights of deaerator bay or other air exhaust measures are used, and it is
reasonable through technical and economic comparison, skylight with windscreen may not be set in
steam turbine room .
3 Where the natural ventilation can not meet the hygienic or production requirements, mechanical
ventilation system or natural and mechanical combined ventilation system shall be adopted.
21.2.4 Tight closed boiler house shall be adopted with natural ventilation.
21.2.5 Ventilation volume of main plant buildings shall meet the following requirements:
1 Steam turbine room shall be considered with simultaneous exhaust of residual heat and
moisture.
2 Boiler house is only considered with the exhaust of residual heat.
3 Determination of residual heat in main plant building may not be considered with heat from
solar radiation.
21.2.6 Control room in main plant building shall be provided with air conditioner according to
process requirements and actual demand of production.
21.2.7 For 50MW or above units, the operation floor of boiler house, the boiler body and the top
shall be set with vacuum cleaning system to clean up the dust deposit, and this system also serves for
the dust deposit cleaning of such positions in coal bunker bay where water flushing should not be
carried out, and it also shall meet the following requirements:
1 Main equipment shall be selected and transmission piping network shall be arranged
according to high vacuum intaking type.
2 The setting of either vehicle-mounted cleaning device or fixed vacuum cleaning device shall
be determined according to the factors such as boiler arrangement type, boiler capacity, arrangement
conditions of cleaning device and type of ash handling system.
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21.3 Electrical Building and Electrical Equipment
21.3.1 Main control room, communication room, uninterrupted power supply room and the like
shall be set with air conditioning device or cooling measures according to requirements of process on
interior temperature and humidity.
21.3.2 The centralized control room, electronic equipment room, electronic computer room and unit
control room, etc. shall be arranged according to all year around air conditioning system, the air handling
equipment should be equipped according to the design cooling load and 2100% (or 3100%) of the
air volume, and the concentrated refrigerating and heating system should adopt centralized control
mode. Other control rooms shall be arranged with air conditioning equipment according to process
requirements and the practical demand of production.
21.3.3 Ventilation design of accumulator room shall meet the following requirements:
1 In accumulator room, certain negative pressure shall be maintained; indoor ventilation rate
shall not be less than 3 times/hour; air outlet of exhaust system shall be set at the upper part of the
room; and the air must not be recycled.
2 For maintenance-free accumulator room, indoor temperature should not be above 30;
where the ventilation system can not meet the requirement of indoor temperature, the direct-flow
cooling measures should be adopted.
3 Ventilating fan and motor of accumulator room shall be explosion-proof type and directly
connected. Cooling facilities in accumulator room shall be explosion-proof type.
21.3.4 Where electrical equipment with larger heat dissipation such as high voltage switch cabinet
or dry-type transformer are provided in electrical equipment room of main plant building, the indoor
environment temperature should not be above 35. Cooling measures should be taken for ventilation
system in one of the following conditions:
1 The outdoor calculated temperature of the ventilation in summer is greater than or equal to
33.
2 The outdoor calculated temperature of the ventilation in summer is greater than or equal to
30 and less than 33, and the monthly average relative humidity of the hottest month is greater
than or equal to 70%.
21.3.5 Ventilation design of auxiliary transformer room shall meet the following requirements:
1 Ventilation of oil-immersed transformer room is calculated in accordance with the air exhaust
temperature in summer not exceeding 45 and the temperature difference between intake air and
exhaust air not exceeding 15.
2 Ventilation of dry-type transformer is calculated in accordance with air exhaust temperature

in summer not exceeding 40.
21.3.6 Emergency ventilation volume of auxiliary distribution device room shall be calculated in
accordance with not being less than 12 times/hour.
21.3.7 Ventilation of electric reactor room shall be calculated in accordance with air exhaust tem-
perature in summer not exceeding 40.
136
21.3.8 Ventilation of cable tunnel shall be calculated in accordance with air exhaust temperature in
summer not exceeding 40 and the temperature difference between intake air and exhaust air not
exceeding 10. The cable tunnels should be adopted with natural ventilation.
21.3.9 Natural ventilation should be adopted where generator outgoing room is arranged with equipment
such as potential transformer, current transformer, exciter panel and fire extinction resistance. Natural
air intake and mechanical air exhaust facilities shall be provided where the room is equipped with
equipment such as electric reactor and isolating switch; and their ventilation volume should be
determined according to the Article 21.3.7 of this code respectively. Natural air intake and mechanical
air exhaust should be adopted where outgoing room is equipped with silicon rectifier device. The
intake air shall be filtered if the ambient air quality is poor.
21.3.10 Sulfur hexafluoride equipment room and overhaul room shall be arranged with upper and
lower mechanical air exhaust devices. Indoor air must not be recycled. Exhaust air volume under
normal operation shall be calculated in accordance with ventilation rate not less than 2 times per hour,
while it should be calculated with ventilation rate not less than 12 times/hour under accidental
condition; and it should meet the requirement that the content of sulfur hexafluoride in indoor air shall
not exceed 6000mg/m3.
21.3.11 Fire fighting and smoke extraction measures of ventilation and air conditioning system in
electrical building and electrical equipment room shall be determined according to the nature of fire
fighting facilities .
21.4 Coal Handling Building
21.4.1 Heating of coal handling building shall be selected with radiator uneasy to deposit dust.
Radiator in inclined ascending coal handling trestle should be arranged at the lower part of overhaul
channel side. In heating transitional area, partial heating may be arranged at the head and tail of coal
handling belt conveyor in coal handling building.
21.4.2 Dust suppression shall be taken at the partial sources of dust such as coal crusher room and
coal handling transfer station.
21.4.3 Dust removing device should be arranged at rubber belt coal fall opening in coal bunker bay
on the basis of sealing measures being taken in process.
21.4.4 Underground buildings of coal handling system such as underground coal-unloading trench,
coal handling tunnel and transfer station shall be provided with ventilation facilities and should be
adopted with natural air intake and mechanical air exhaust. Ventilation volume may be calculated in
accordance with ventilation rate not less than 15 times/hour in summer and 5 times/hour in winter. As
for severe cold region, during the operation period of ventilation and dedusting systems in winter, the
winter ventilation heat consumption shall be calculated according to balance of heat and wind, and the
compensation shall meet the following requirements:
1 The compensation should be achieved by heating system.
2 Indoor temperature is allowed to be less than 16, but it shall not be less than 5.
21.4.5 Coal handling centralized control room shall be provided with air conditioning device according
to process requirements and actual demand of production.
137
21.5 Chemical Building
21.5.1 Electrodialysis room, reverse osmosis room, filter and ion exchanger room of water treatment
room should be adopted with natural ventilation in summer. Equipment heat dissipation should be
counted in during designing heating and ventilation.
21.5.2 Acid warehouse and acid metering room shall be equipped with ventilation device with
ventilation rate not less than 15 times/hour. Indoor air must not be recycled.
21.5.3 Natural ventilation should be adopted in alkali warehouse and alkali metering room; where
acid and alkali is placed in one warehouse, ventilation shall be designed in accordance with the
requirements of acid warehouse.
21.5.4 Fume cupboard shall be arranged in chemical laboratory. Chemical laboratory and drug
storeroom shall be equipped with ventilation device with ventilation rate not less than 6 times/hour.
21.5.5 Chlorination room and chlorine cylinder room shall be equipped with mechanical air exhaust
device with ventilation rate not less than 15 times/hour.}
21.5.6 Ammonia and hydrazine warehouse and dosing room shall be equipped with mechanical air
exhaust device with ventilation rate not less than 15 times/hour. Ventilator and motor shall be explosion-
proof type and be directly connected.
21.5.7 The balance room, precision instrument room and heat measuring room, etc. shall be arranged
with air conditioning devices according to process requirements.
21.5.8 Control room of water treatment workshop shall be provided with air conditioning device
according to process requirements and actual demand of production.
21.5.9 Anti-corrosive measures shall be taken for equipment, pipeline and accessories of heating
and ventilation system in such room with corrosive materials generated.
21.5.10 As for other chemical buildings, the ventilation mode and ventilation volume shall be
determined according to workshop and nature of exhaust gas.
21.6 Other Auxiliary and Ancillary Buildings
21.6.1 In central heating area, if duty room is provided in circulating water pump house, bank side
pump house, sewage pump house, fuel pump house, ash pump house, air compressor house, etc., the
indoor temperature shall be guaranteed no less than 16; standby heating shall be set in equipment
room.
21.6.2 For circulating water pump house or bank side pump house, natural ventilation should be
adopted if the motor equipped for water pump is set aboveground; mechanical ventilation device shall
be equipped if the motor is set underground.
21.6.3 Natural ventilation should be adopted in air compressor house and ash pump house in
summer, and the ventilation volume should be calculated according to eliminating residual heat. In
winter, where air compressor sucks air from interior, hot air compensation shall be taken in accordance
with induced draft quantity, and the outdoor calculated parameters shall be adopted with outdoor
heating calculated temperature.
138
21.6.4 Ventilation design of oil pump house shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where oil pump house is above-ground building, it should be adopted with natural ventilation;
where it is underground building, it shall be adopted with mechanical ventilation.
2 The ventilation volume of oil pump house shall be taken with the largest value of the
calculation results in the following three items:
1) Being calculated according to the volume needed for eliminating residual heat.
2) Being calculated according to ventilation rate no less than 10 times/hour.
3) Ventilation volume of oil pump house shall meet the requirements that the content of oil
& gas in the air does not exceed 350 mg/m3 and volume concentration does not exceed
0.2%.
3 Indoor air must not be recycled.
4 Ventilator and motor of oil pump house shall be explosion-proof type and be directly connected.
21.7 Plant Cooling and Heating Stations and Pipe Network
21.7.1 For condensing power plant or thermal power plant only supplying process steam, where
heating medium in plant area is hot water, calorifier for heating network shall be arranged.
21.7.2 Capacity and quantity of equipment in heating station of plant area should be determined
according to the relevant contents of Section 13.9 in this code, and the reservation conditions shall be
determined according to power plant planning capacity.
21.7.3 Condensed water of calorifier for heating network in plant area may be recycled to deaerator
or drain tank. Where condensed water cannot be recycled by gravity flow, condensate pumps shall be
arranged. The pump quantity shall not be less than 2, one of which is standby.
21.7.4 Make-up water and pressurization methods of heating network in plant area may be adopted
with open expansion tank, direct water replenishing, make-up pump or other methods. Pressure at
constant pressure point (it refers to the sum of vapor pressure corresponding to the highest filling
water height and supply water temperature among the directly connected users, and it shall be provided
with surplus pressure of 0.03MPa~0.05MPa) should be arranged on the suction tube of circulating
water pump in heating network; and shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where open expansion tank is adopted to set pressure, the arranged height of open expansion
tank shall be the constant pressure point pressure. Volume of expansion tank should be determined
according to the factors such as water capacity of system, largest change value of water temperature in
operation and hourly leakage of system. The outdoor expansion tank shall be provided with anti-
freezing measures.
2 Where it may be determined according to hydraulic pressure diagram that the make-up water
is able to be supplied into heating network directly and reliably, the direct water charging system may
be adopted to set pressure.
3 Where make-up pump is adopted to set pressure, two make-up pumps shall be arranged, one
of which is standby; the standby one shall be able to automatically put-in. Head of make-up pump
139
shall be determined according to hydraulic pressure diagram.
21.7.5 Hot water heating pipe network shall be adopted with double-pipe closed cycling system.
Steam heating pipe network should adopt open system; its condensed water must be reclaimed.
21.7.6 Main pipe of heating network shall pass through the heating load concentrated region.
21.7.7 Laying modes of pipes in heating network in plant area should select the overhead, ditch or
directly-buried mode according to specific engineering circumstance and through technical and
economic comparison.
21.7.8 The valves of heating heat supply pipeline laid in ditch and the accessories requiring frequent
maintenance shall be arranged with inspection well.
21.7.9 In central heating area and transitional area, where charging pump house, bank side pump
house or management station of ash storage yard, etc. are far away from the plant area, and the heating
network in plant area cant supply, the production and living buildings should be adopted with
partially centralized or dispersed heat supply modes with electric energy as heat source, and there is
no standby heat source equipment.
21.7.10 Where the cold source of air conditioning system adopts manual cold source, the cooling
station and the heating station should be combined together in the plant area. Where centralized
cooling station needs to be set independently due to the demands of process, it shall be as close as
possible to the heavy-cooling-load building (s).
21.7.11 For the air conditioning system in the whole plant, the cooling source capacity should be
planned in a unified way and the cold water pipe network should be arranged properly according to
specific engineering conditions.
21.7.12 The manual cold source shall be selected in accordance with the following requirements:
1 Where the steam source cannot be reliably ensured, the electrical compression refrigeration
unit shall be adopted.
2 Where the steam source can be reliably ensured, the lithium bromide absorption refrigeration
unit may be adopted.
21.7.13 The selection of refrigeration unit shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where compression water chilling unit is adopted, selection shall be carried out according to
275% or 350% of design cooling load.
2 Where lithium bromide absorption water chilling unit is selected, selection should be carried
out according to 2 60% of design cooling load.
3 Where other types of water chilling units or integral air conditioning units are adopted, standby
capacity shall be arranged reasonably according to design cooling load.
21.7.14 The water quality of refrigeration system cooling water shall meet the requirements of the
current national standard Code for Design of Industrial Recirculating Cooling Water Treatment GB
50050 and the requirements of relevant products on water quality.
140
22 Environmental Protection and Water and Soil Conservation
22.1.1 For the power plant, its environmental protection design and water and soil conservation design
must implement the laws and regulations, policies, standards and specifications of environmental
protection which are issued by the state, province, autonomous region, and the local government of
municipality directly under the Central Government. The measures which are taken to control the
pollution shall be in accordance with the requirements of the environmental impact statement (EIS),
water and soil conservation program report and its approval suggestion.
22.1.2 For the environmental protection design of power plant, control measures shall be against the
environmental pollution due to exhaust gas, wastewater, solid waste and noise and against ecological
damage due to construction. In plant area, greening plan shall be carried out to improve production
and living environment.
22.1.3 The power plant design shall implement the national industrial policies and the requirements
of developing circular economy and energy conservation and emission reduction, adopt the clean
production technology, utilize resources properly, reduce the generation of pollutants, and control
pollution in combination with comprehensive resource utilization.
22.1.4 For the processing of the wastewater, exhaust gas and solid waste, the high efficiency, practical,
nontoxic, harmfulless processing scheme and medicament shall be selected; where the secondary
pollution generates during the processing procedure, the corresponding control measures shall be taken.
22.1.5 The combined heat and power generation unit shall meet the requirements of the local
approved overall heat supply planning, and shall meet the relevant requirements of nation for combined
heat and power generation unit.
22.1.6 As for the extended and renovated power plants, it shall be new one replaces the old one,
the original pollution source shall be controlled; for the design of the public system relevant to the
environment protection facilities, the old and new power plants shall be planned in a unified way.
22.2 Design Requirements for Environmental Protection and Water and Soil Conservation
22.2.1 For the design of the power plant, in the feasibility study stage, the environmental protection
chapters shall be compiled and a qualified organization shall be entrusted to compile the environmental
impact statement (EIS) and water and soil conservation program report; in the preliminary design
stage, the environmental protection special chapter and water and soil conservation program special
chapter shall be compiled and the engineering measures for environmental protection and water and
soil conservation shall be proposed according to environmental impact statement, water and soil
conservation program report as well as the examination and approval opinions; in the construction
drawing design stage, all the environmental protection measures and water and soil conservation
measures shall be implemented.
22.3 Prevention and Control Principles for Various Pollution Sources
22.3.1 Prevention and control of atmospheric pollution shall meet the following requirements:
141
1 The atmospheric pollutants discharged from power plant shall meet the requirements of the
current national standard Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants GB 13223,
Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Coal-burning Oil-burning Gas-fired Boiler GB 13271 and
the requirements for total pollutant emission control, and shall also meet the requirements of the
relevant discharge standards issued by the local governments at level of province, autonomous region,
and municipality directly under the Central Government.
2 The boiler in power plant must be installed with high-efficient dust removing facilities. Their
dust removal efficiency and smoke dust emission concentration shall meet the requirements of the
national and local standards continually and stably.
3 Except the thermal power plant that may reserve desulfuration site as required, design of
other ones shall adopt the stable and reliable desulfuration measures; the emission amount and
concentration of sulfur dioxide shall meet the requirements of the national and local standards. The
total emission amount of sulfur dioxide shall meet the requirements of total amount control index.
Design of desulfurization facilities shall meet the requirements of the relevant design specifications
and codes of the Nation.
4 The boiler of power plant shall be adopted with the low-nitrogen-burning measure and shall
be decided on whether adopting the flue gas denitration measure according to the requirements of
environmental impact assessment; the emission concentration of nitrogen oxides shall meet the
requirements of the national and local standards.
5 The power plant should adopt high chimney for purpose of discharge; the chimney height
should be determined according to environmental impact assessment and should be 2~2.5 times larger
than the boiler (boiler house) height; where the chimney height is restricted, measures such as
combining chimney and raising the fume-uplift-height shall be taken.
6 The preparation, storage and transportation of fuel, ash and slag, and desulfurization system
materials shall be taken with closed dustproof measures to reduce inorganization emission and prevent
secondary pollution; and the ash yard shall be taken with measures to prevent fugitive dust pollution.
22.3.2 The prevention and control of wastewater shall meet the following requirements:
1 The power plant shall make water saving design to improve the water recycling utilization
rate and repeating utilization rate, shall adopt reasonable production technology to reduce the wastewater
production quantity; the treated and up-to-standard wastewater shall be recycled and reutilized as
much as possible.
2 The water quality of water discharged to outside must comply with the requirements of the
current national standard Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB 8978 and the local requirements
on sewage discharge. The wastewater and sewage that do not conform to discharge standard shall not
be discharged into natural water or disposed randomly.
3 The various wastewater and sewage discharged from all the production operation sites of the
power plant shall be collected and delivered separately in accordance with the principle of split flow
of clean and waste water, should be dispersedly treated and centralizedly discharged after reaching the
standards. For the enterprise self-supply power plant, its production wastewater and sanitary sewage
should be centralizedly treated by the sewage treatment plant of the enterprise.
4 In the power plant, the discharge outlet of the wastewater and sewage shall be designed in a
142
standard way, and the sampling locations and measuring devices shall be set.
5 The acid-base neutralization treatment process should be adopted for acid-alkali wastewater;
the oil water separation treatment process should be adopted for oily wastewater; the flocculating
setting treatment process should be adopted for coal-bearing sewage; special treatment facility shall
be provided for desulfurization wastewater which shall be reclaimed after treatment; for ash flushing
and pulp water, reutilization shall be given priority to, it shall not be discharged outside; biochemical
treatment equipment should be adopted to treat sanitary sewage; the treatment scheme for the boilers
overhaul-flashing drainage shall be determined according to the cleaning scheme; for the thermal
discharge of direct cycle, water outlet shall be arranged reasonably according to the environmental
conditions of surface water.
22.3.3 Treatment and comprehensive utilization of the solid waste shall meet the following requirements:
1 The comprehensive utilization work of the solid waste shall be developed actively; all the
slag and ash of the combined heat and power generation unit shall be utilized comprehensively;
emergency ash yard shall be set and its capacity should be consider according to the largest ash and
slag discharge amount of 6 months.
2 The dry ash yard should be adopted in power plant; the design of ash storage yard shall meet
the relevant requirements of the current national standard Standard for Pollution Control on the
Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Wastes GB 18599.
3 The transportation route of the solid waste shall avoid passing through the residential area,
and the transportation vehicles shall be taken with relevant sealing measures.
22.3.4 The noise prevention and control shall meet the following requirements:
1 The influence of noise of the power plant on the surrounding environment shall meet the
relevant requirements of the current national standard Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises
Noise at Boundary GB 12348 and Environmental Quality Standards for Noise GB 3096.
2 The noise of power plant shall be controlled firstly at the sound source, and the equipment
meeting the national noise control standard shall be selected. As for the production noise which can
not be controlled at the sound source, the effective noise control measures shall be taken, and setting
noise protection distance shall be taken into account.
3 The general layout of the power plant and the sound insulation, noise elimination and sound
absorption action for buildings and landscapes shall be optimized to reduce the noise influence of the
power plant.
4 As for the fossil fired power plant in non-sensitizing area whose noise at environment
sensitive point reaches the standards, if there is still the phenomenon that the noise exceeds the limit
after the noise control measure being adopted, the noise sanitary protection distance may be set
outside the plant boundary under the premise of meeting the requirements of the local plan.
22.4 Environmental Management and Monitoring
22.4.1 As for the power plant whose gross installed capacity is not less than 50MW, the environmental
monitoring station shall be set and the necessary monitoring instruments shall be arranged; as for the
one whose gross installed capacity is less than 50MW, the necessary monitoring instruments may be
143
arranged.
22.4.2 For the self-supply power plant of the enterprise, the environmental monitoring shall be
arranged in a unified way by the enterprises environmental monitoring station, and no substation is
set separately.
22.4.3 The power plant shall be provided with the flue gas continuous monitoring device to
continuously monitor the discharge conditions of various atmospheric pollutants; the design of the
flue gas continuous monitoring device shall meet the relevant requirements of the current professional
standard Specifications for Continuous Emissions Monitoring of Flue Gas Emitted from Stationary
Sources HJ/T 75.
22.4.4 Various drain outlets of the power plant shall be designed in a standard way according to the
relevant requirements.
22.5 Water and Soil Conservation
22.5.1 In the power plant, the design of water and soil conservation measures shall meet the relevant
requirements of the current national standard Technical Code on Soil and Water Conservation of
Development and Construction Projects GB 50433; water and soil conservation facilities shall be
designed, constructed and put into operation simultaneously with the principal part of the project.
22.5.2 The power plant shall compile the water and soil conservation monitoring design and imple-
mentation plan, and shall meet the requirements of the current professional standard Technical Code
of Practice on Water and Soil Conservation Monitoring SL 277 and the current requirements of the
State on Preparation Program for Water and Soil Conservation Monitoring Design and Implementation
Plan of Development and Construction Projects.
144
23 Labour Safety and Occupational Health
23.1.1 The policy Safety first, prevention first and combining prevention with control shall be
implemented earnestly in design of power plant; for constructed, reconstructed and extended engineering,
labour safety and occupational health facilities must be designed, constructed, and put into production
simultaneously with the principal parts of the engineering.
23.1.2 The engineering design of labour safety and occupational health must comply with the relevant
laws and regulations of the nation, and be implemented in various professional design according to
national and professional standards.
23.1.3 Base monitoring station for labour safety and education room for safety and health as well as
necessary instruments and equipment shall be arranged for power plant.
23.2 Labour Safety
23.2.1 For the design of labour safety, various safety measures shall be implemented according to
the report of safety pre-evaluation.
23.2.2 In the design of power plant, analysis for risk factor and division for hazardous area shall be
carried out according to laws and regulations of labour safety and the relevant requirements of national
standard; moreover, corresponding protective measures shall be taken.
23.2.3 In power plant, fire compartment, fire partition, fire separation distance, safe evacuation and
fire passage shall be arranged for production workshop, workplace, auxiliary building, ancillary building,
living building and inflammable explosive hazardous location and underground structure.
23.2.4 Safe evacuation facilities in power plant shall be provided with sufficient lighting and obvious
evacuation indicating signs. The process design and civil work design of the equipment with explosive
hazard (including the relevant electrical facilities and process systems) and plant building must be
adopted with corresponding explosion protection measures according to different explosion sources
and hazard factors.
23.2.5 The layout of electrical equipment shall meet the safety protection distance requirements of
charged equipment, and shall be provided with necessary isolation protection measures and misoperation
prevention measures, and direct lighting stroke prevention and safety earthing measures shall be taken.
23.2.6 The protecting cover, safety distance and alarming facilities shall be arranged for all the
rotating and transmission components of the rotating machine in various workshops of power plant.
Guardrail or cover plate shall be arranged at where falling risk exists, such as well, pit, opening, hole,
platform or channel in the workplace. The vertical ladder of the chimney, cooling tower, etc. must be
equipped with safety cage.
23.2.7 The road design of plant area shall meet the requirements of relevant regulations and
specifications, vehicle stream shall be organized reasonably; warning signs shall be arranged in
dangerous areas to avoid traffic accidents.
145
23.2.8 The sites, equipment and facilities in the plant area and workplace putting danger and harm
to people shall be arranged with eye-catching safety signs or safety colors. The arrangement of safety
signs shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard Safety Signs and Guideline
for the Use GB 2894; the arrangement of safety colors shall meet the relevant requirements of the
current national standard Safety Colors GB 2893.
23.3 Occupational Health
23.3.1 In the design of occupational health, various protective measures shall be implemented in
accordance with the pre-evaluation report of occupational disease hazards.
23.3.2 In the design of power plant, analysis on detriment factors shall be carried out according to
laws and regulations of occupational disease prevention and control of China and the relevant
requirements of national standard; moreover, corresponding protective measures shall be taken.
23.3.3 In the design of power plant, measures of avoiding flying dust shall be taken. Comprehensive
improvement measures like enclosed operation, water soaking, dedusting shall be taken for coal
unloading, storage and handling system, boiler system and ash handling system, etc.; the particle
concentration in the air of workplace shall meet the national current relevant requirements of
Occupational Exposure Limit for Hazardous Agents in the Workplace.
23.3.4 For sites where stores and generates harmful gas or corrosive medium etc. and for instrument
and instrumental equipment with harmful substance to human when using, corresponding safety
protection facilities used for preventing harmful gas and chemical injuries must be adopted, and shall
meet the relevant requirements of the current national hygienic standards for the design of industrial
enterprises and occupational exposure limit for hazardous agents in the workplace.
23.3.5 In the design of power plant, the noise generated by production and equipment shall be
controlled first from sound source, and such control measures as sound insulation, noise elimination,
sound absorption and vibration insulation shall be taken. The design of noise control shall meet the
relevant requirements of the current national standard Specifications for the Design of Noise Control
System in Industrial Enterprises GBJ 87 and those specified in other relevant standards and specifications.
23.3.6 Design of power plants heatstroke prevention, cold protection and moisture protection shall
meet the requirements of the current national standard Code for Design of Heating Ventilation and
Air Conditioning GB 50019 and those of the national current relevant hygienic standards for the
design of industrial enterprises. For the underground coal-unloading trench, coal handling tunnel and
underground transfer station of the power plants coal handling system, moisture protection measures
shall be taken.
23.3.7 For the sites where power frequency electromagnetic field may be generated, measures for
preventing the influence of the power frequency electromagnetism shall be taken into account. As for
the production technology or site (flaw detector, charge level indicator, X and Y gamma rays) with
radioactive source, measures of ionizing radiation protection shall be considered.
23.3.8 For the sites with occupation disease hazards, eye-catching warning sign shall be arranged;
such contents as the varieties, consequences, preventions of occupational disease hazards and emergency
measures shall be indicated. The arrangement of warning signs shall meet the national current relevant
requirements on warning sign of occupational disease hazards at workplace.
146
24 Fire Fighting
24.0.1 Fire fighting design of power plant shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national
standard Code for Design of Fire Protection for Fossil Fuel Power Plants and Substations GB
50229.
147
Appendix A Complete Water Quality Analysis Report
Name of engineering Assay number
Intaking location Intaking position
Temperature of water intaking Date of water intaking Year month day
Temperature of water intaking Analysis date Year month day
Category of water sample
Transparency Smell
Item mg/L mmol/L Item mg/L mmol/L
K++Na+ Total hardness
Ca2+ Carbonate hardness

Hardness
Mg2+ Noncarbonate hardness
Fe2+ Negative hardness
Fe3+ Whole alkalinity
Positive ion Al3+ Phenolphthalein alkalinity
NH 4 PH value Methyl orange alkalinity
Ba2+ Acidity
Sr2+ pH value
Mn2+ Ammonia nitrogen
Total Free CO2
Cl CODMn
SO24 BOD5
HCO 3 Whole solids

Miscellaneous
CO 23 Dissolved solids

NO 3 Suspended substance
Negative ion
NO2 Whole silica (SiO2)
Activated silica (SiO2) Non activated silica (SiO2)
F- TOC
OH- CODCr
Determination
Total Total phosphorus
items increased
Ion analytical error Total bacterial count
on reclaimed
Dissolved solid error Free chlorine
water
Ph value analytical error
Note: See the requirements of Analysis of Water Used in Boil and Cooling System-The Sampling Method of Water GB/T 6907 for
water sampling.
Testing unit: Person in charge: Checked by: Tested by:
148
Explanation of Wording in This Code
1 Words used for different degrees of strictness are explained as follows in order to mark the
differences in executing the requirements in this code:
1) Words denoting a very strict or mandatory requirement:
Must is used for affirmation; must not for negation.
2) Words denoting a strict requirement under normal conditions:
Shall is used for affirmation; shall not for negation.
3) Words denoting a permission of a slight choice or an indication of the most suitable

choice when conditions permit:
Should is used for affirmation; should not for negation.
4) May is used to express the option available, sometimes with the conditional permit.
2 Shall comply with or shall meet the requirements of is used in this code to
indicate that it is necessary to comply with the requirements stipulated in other relative standards and
codes.
149
List of Quoted Standards
Code for Design of Building Foundation GB 50007
Code for Design of Outdoor Water Supply Engineering GB 50013
Code for Design of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning GB 50019
Standard for Daylighting Design of Buildings GB/T 50033
Standard for Lighting Design of Buildings GB 50034
Code for Design of Dynamic Machine Foundation GB 50040
Code for Design of Industrial Recirculating Cooling Water Treatment GB 50050
Code for Design of Chimneys GB 50051
Design Code for Protection of Structures against Lightning GB 50057
Electrical Installations Design Code for Explosive Atmospheres and Fire Hazard GB 50058
Code for Design of High Voltage Electrical Installation (3~110kV) GB 50060
Code for Design of Electrical Measuring Device of Power System GB/T 50063
Code for Design of AC Electrical Installations Earthing GB 50065
Code for Design of Oil Depot GB 50074
Code for Design of Cooling for Industrial Recirculating Water GB/T 50102
Thermal Design Code for Civil Building GB 50176
Code for Design of River Port Engineering GB 50192
Technical Code for Regulation of Civil Closed Circuit Monitoring TV System GB 50198
Code for Design of Cables of Electric Engineering GB 50217
Code for Fire Prevention in Design of Interior Decoration of Buildings GB 50222
Standard for Classification of Seismic Protection of Building Constructions GB 50223
Code for Design of Fire Protection for Fossil Fuel Power Plants and Substations GB 50229
Code for Design of Seismic of Electrical Installations GB 50260
Code for Design of Levee Project GB 50286
Code for Engineering Design of Generic Cabling System GB 50311
Technical Code for Roof Engineering GB 50345
Technical Code on Soil and Water Conservation of Development and Construction Projects
GB 50433
Fundamental Requirements of Excitation Systems Medium and Small Synchronous Machines

GB 10585
150
Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary GB 12348
Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants GB 13223
Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Coal-burning Oil-burning Gas-fired Boiler GB 13271
Technical Code for Relaying Protection and Security Automatic Equipment GB/T 14285
Environmental Pollution Classification and External Insulation Selection for High Voltage
Transmission Line, Power Plant and Substation GB/T 16434
Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China GB 18306
Standard for Pollution Control on the Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid
Wastes GB 18599
Norm of Water Intake GB/T 18916
The Reuse of Urban Recycling WaterWater Quality Standard for Urban Miscellaneous Water
Consumption GB/T 18920
Safety Colours GB 2893
Safety Signs and Guideline for the Use GB 2894
Environmental Quality Standards for Noise GB 3096
Design Rules for Cranes GB/T 3811
Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water GB 3838
Pressure Range and Quality of Air Supply for the Industrial Process Measurement and Control
Instruments GB 4830
Standards for Drinking Water Quality GB 5749
Analysis of Water Used in Boil and Cooling SystemThe Sampling Method of Water GB/T
6907
Specific Requirements for Cylindrical Rotor Synchronous Machines GB/T 7064
Excitation Systems for Synchronous Electrical MachinesDefinitions GB/T 7409.1
Excitation Systems for Synchronous MachinesModels for Power System Studies GB/T 7409.2
Excitation System for Synchronous Electrical MachinesTechnical Requirements of Excitation

System for Large and Medium Synchronous Generators GB/T 7409.3
Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB 8978
Insulation Co-ordination for High Voltage Transmission and Distribution Equipment GB 311.1
Insulation co-ordinationPart 2: Application Guide for Insulation Co-ordination for High Voltage
Transmission and Distribution Equipment GB/T 311.2
Rotating Electrical Machines--Rating and Performance GB 755
Code for Design of Standard Track Gauge Railway in Industrial Enterprises GBJ 12
151
Specifications for the Design of Factory and Mine Roads GBJ 22
Specifications for the Design of Noise Control System in Industrial Enterprises GBJ 87
Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in Severe Cold and Cold
Zones JGJ 26
Design Code for City Heating Network CJJ 34
Guide for Chemical Supervision of Water and Steam in Thermal Power Plants DL/T 561
Specifications for the Design of Dispatch Automation in District Power Networks DL/T 5002
Specifications for the Design of Dispatch Automation in Electric Power Systems DL/T 5003
Technical Code of General Plan Transportation Design for Fossil Fuel Power Plants DL/T
5032
Code for Design of Ash Slag Damming of Fossil Fuel Power Plants DL/T 5045
Technical Code for the Design of Waste Water Treatment of Fossil Fuel Power Plants DL/T
5046
Technical Code for Designing of Electric Energy Metering System DL/T 5202
Technical Code for Explosion Prevention Design of Coal and Pulverized Coal Preparation
System of Fossil Fuel Power Plant DL/T 5203
Analytical Methods of Steam and Water in Power PlantsPart 2: Sampling Method for Steam
and Water DL/T 502.2
Overvoltage Protection and Insulation Coordination for AC Electrical Installations DL/T 620
Technical Specification for Plastic Parts of Cooling Tower DL/T 742
Design Code of General Layout for Sea Port JTJ 211
Technical Code of Practice on Water and Soil Conservation Monitoring SL 277
Specification for Boiler Deaerator JB/T 10325
Specifications for Continuous Emissions Monitoring of Flue Gas Emitted from Stationary
Sources HJ/T 75
152

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UDC

Code for Design of Small Fossil Fired Power

Issued on: December 4, 2010 Implemented on: December 1, 2011

Jointly Issued by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the Peoples

Implementation Date: December 1, 2011

Announcement on Publishing the National Standard of Code for Design of

Small Fossil Fired Power Plant

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the Peoples Republic of China

December 24, 2010

The revised main technical contents of this code are:

Chief Development Organization, Participating Development Organizations, Chief Drafting Staff

Participating Development Organizations:

Hunan Electric Power Survey & Design Institute

Zhejiang Electric Power Design Institute

Shandong Electric Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd.

3 Basic Requirements ......................................................................................................................4

4 Heating (Cooling) Electrical Loads ...............................................................................................6

4.2 Electrical Loads ...................................................................................................................8

6.1 General Requirements ........................................................................................................14

6.2 Internal Planning of Plant Area...........................................................................................15

6.3 External Planning of Plant Area..........................................................................................23

7 Layout of Main Plant Building....................................................................................................25

7.1 General Requirements ........................................................................................................25

7.2 Layout of Main Plant Building ...........................................................................................25

7.3 Overhaul Facilities .............................................................................................................28

7.4 Comprehensive Facilities ...................................................................................................29

8 Coal Handling System ................................................................................................................31

8.1 General Requirements ........................................................................................................31

8.2 Coal Unloading Facilities and External Transportation .......................................................31

8.3 Belt Conveyor System........................................................................................................32

8.4 Coal Storage Yard and Its Equipment .................................................................................33

8.5 Coal Screening and Crushing Equipment............................................................................34

8.6 Storage and Preparation of Limestone ................................................................................34

8.7 Control Mode.....................................................................................................................35

8.8 Auxiliary Facilities and Buildings for Coal Handling .........................................................35

9 Boiler Equipment and System.....................................................................................................37

9.1 Boiler Equipment ...............................................................................................................37

9.2 Pulverized Coal Preparation ...............................................................................................37

9.3 Air and Flue Gas System....................................................................................................41

9.5 Auxiliary System and Equipment of Boiler.........................................................................45

9.6 Startup Boiler .....................................................................................................................46

10 Ash and Slag Handling System .................................................................................................48

10.1 General Requirements ....................................................................................................48

10.2 Hydraulic Ash and Slag Handling System .......................................................................48

10.3 Mechanical Slag Handling System..................................................................................50

10.4 Dry Ash Handling System...............................................................................................51

10.5 Ash and Slag Off-site Transportation System ..................................................................52

10.6 Control and Overhaul Facilities ......................................................................................52

11 Desulfurization System .............................................................................................................54

12 Denitration System ...................................................................................................................58

13 Steam Turbine Equipment and System ......................................................................................60

13.1 Steam Turbine Equipment...............................................................................................60

13.2 Main Steam and Heat Supply Steam System ...................................................................61

13.3 Water Supply System and Supply Pump..........................................................................62

13.4 Deaerator and Water Supply Tank ...................................................................................63

13.5 Condensate System and Condensate Pump......................................................................64

13.6 Drain pump of Low Pressure Calorifier...........................................................................65

13.8 Industrial Water System ..................................................................................................66

13.9 Heating Network Calorifier and Its System .....................................................................68

13.10 Temperature and Pressure Reducing Device..................................................................71

13.11 Condensed Water Recovery Plant of Steam Heat Supply Network.................................71

13.12 Steam Condenser and Its Auxiliary Facilities ................................................................71

14 Water Treatment Equipment and System ...................................................................................73