Schematic Diagram of the Power Supply

Voltage after the Step down Transformer:

Voltage may vary according to place, but the range is constant from 220V 230V AC, to lessen the
computations and to avoid comparison lets use the average voltage which is 225V

2252(1)
=
9

= 252

Stepped Down Voltage = 25 V

Bridge Type Rectifier Analysis

(+) Alternation:
D1 and D3 are forward-biased; D2 and D4 are reverse-biased

1 3 = 0

= 1 3

= 252 0.7 0.7

= .

(-) Alternation:

D2 and D4 are forward-biased; D1 and D3 are reverse-biased

 + 1 + 3 = 0

= + 1 + 3

= 252 + 0.7 + 0.7

= .

During our Designing we found out that Rs depends on the current capacity of the Zener, the higher the
current rating of the Zener the better:

5
= = 208.333
24

But higher current in the Zener means higher power and the Zener will heat up. Zener breakdown
voltage is affected by temperature. As the temperature increases, the reverse breakdown voltage also
increases. To avoid this we consider the thermal resistance of the Zener diode which is 85 C/W.

85C/W = 85C

= 1

The Zener power during operation should be close to 1W to avoid increase in temperature.

Solving for the current:

1
= = 41.667
24

Solving for Rs with Rectified Voltage as temporary Voltage entering the Zener:

33.955 24
= = 238.918
41.667

Since there is no available 238.918 Resistor in the market we assume a 220 Rs.
Calculating for minimum :

= 24
+

33.995( )
= 24
220 + ( )

= .

The higher the capacitance the lower the ripple factor so we decided to have 4700uF capacitor.
Calculating for ripple factor, assume 530 RL:

()
=

1

( ) 100 = %
1
1
2

1
60(530)(4700)
( ) 100 =
1
1
2(60)(530)(4700)

r= 6.691x10-7%

Calculating for the :

1
(1 )
2

1
[1 ] (33.955) = .
2(60)(530)(4700)

Recalculating for the Rs:

33.841 24
= = 89.360
41.667

Therefore a Rs = 236.182

Again, there is no available 236.182 resistor so we have a 220 resistor.