Y3 - Module 1 - Interpreting Drawings and Symbols Edited

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
PUBLIC TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS
Unit of Competency: INTERPRET DRAWINGS AND SYMBOLS
Module No.: 1 Module Title: INTERPRETING DRAWINGS AND SYMBOLS

Unit of Competency Interpret Drawing and Symbols
Module Title: Interpreting Drawing and Symbols
INTRODUCTION:
This module contains information and suggested learning activities on

Interpreting drawings and Symbols. It includes instruction and procedure on how to
Interpret Drawings and Symbols.
Completion of this module will help you better understand the succeeding
module on Contributing to Quality System.
This module consists of three (3) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome
contains learning activities supported by instruction sheets. Before you perform the
instruction, read the information sheets and answer the self-check and activities
provided. To ascertain your competence, your teacher will assess what you have
acquired when the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the what
particular learning outcome.
Upon completing this module, report to your competence teacher for

assessment to check your achievement of knowledge and skills requirements of this
module. If you pass the assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the module the students should be able to:
LO1 Identify Standard Alphabet of Lines;

LO2 Identify Orthographic/Isometric Views; and
LO3 Interpret Standard Drawing Symbols, Dimensional Tolerances and Notations
PRE-TEST
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the best answer
and write the letter only in your answer sheet.
1. Fine lines with arrowheads usually touch the extension lines and show distance
given by the dimensions.
a. Hidden Lines c. Extension Lines
b. Dimension Lines d. Cutting Plane Lines
2. The purpose of this line is to indicate where an imaginary cut is made through the
object.
a. Hidden Lines c. Extension Lines
b. Dimension Lines d. Cutting Plane Lines
3. Series of fine lines-solid or solid and broken arranged in specific patterns used to
represent various kinds of materials.
a. Chain Line c. Section Line
b. Break Line d. Phantom line
4. Fine lines that extend from the object with a slight break between and it is used to
show dimensioning points.
b. Object Line d. Extension Line
5. Used to show the visible shape of the object.

b. Object Line d. Extension Line
6.This gives the total thickness, width, and length of an object.

a. Dimension Line
b. Size Dimension
c. Overall Dimension
d. Location Dimension
7.Dimensions should be placed

a. between views
b. above the top view
c. below the front view
d. on the right side of the front view
8.Figures or numbers are located

a. after the arrowhead
b. before the arrowhead
c. parallel at the middle of the arrows
d. perpendicular at the middle of the arrows
9.When will you apply outside dimensioning?

a. hidden parts of the object
b. dimensioning on arcs and circles
c. space between edges of the objects are narrow
d. space between edges of the objects are too wide
10.When locating dimension between circles, dimension is placed

a. center-to-edges of circles
b. between endpoint edges of circles
c. between near point edges of circles
d. center-to-center distances between circles
11.Which of the following is preferred rule of dimensioning?

a. b. c. d.
12.What is the problem on dimensioning of the illustrated object?
a. Sizes of the figures are not proportional with the dimension line.
b. Dimension lines are of the same weight with the object line.
c. Dimensions too closed to the object lines
d. Free on dimensioning problems.
13.What should be the approximate thickness of dimension lines compared to

the object lines?
a. 1/16
b. 1/8
c. 3/16
d. 1/4
14.This is the preferred distances between dimension lines and the object lines.
a. 3 mm
b. 5 mm
c. 7 mm
d. 10 mm
15. What is the distance between the extension lines and the object or visible
lines?
a. 1.0 mm
b. 1.5 mm
c. 3.0 mm
d. 4.0 mm
16. This refers to the representation of the exact shape of an object in two or more
views as they seen perpendicularly from its surfaces.
a. Alphabet of lines
b. Isometric Drawing
c. Orthographic Drawing
d. Orthographic Projection
17.View that is directly behind the rear view.

a. Top View
b. Side View
c. Front View
d. Bottom View
18.View directly observed beneath the front view.

a. Top View
b. Side View
c. Front View
d. Bottom View
19What is the appearance of a line inclined to the plane of projection?

a. appear a point
b. appear as a line or edge
c. appear shorter or foreshortened
d. appear in its exact or true shape and size
20. A surface parallel to the plane of projection will appear as

a. a point
b. as a line or edge
c. shorter or foreshortened
d. in its exact or true shape and size
21. These are the parts to be joined or assembled through welding.

a. Joint c. Welded Metals
b. Weld d. Welded joints
23. The metals to be joined are aligned approximately of the same plane.
a. Lap Joint c. Edge Joint
b. Butt Joint d. Corner Joint
23. Most of the joint made in the fabrication of steel plate assures the
of the joint. What metal joint used in the fabrication of the product?
a. Lap Joint c. Edge Joint
b. Butt Joint d. Corner Joint
24.Edge joint is formed when the surfaces of two pieces of metal are in contact
and the edges are
a. inverted T-joint c. flush even
b. joined end-to-end d. lapping to each other
25.The edges of the base metal are prepared in the butt joint position.
a. inverted T-joint c. flush even
b. joined end-to-end d. lapping to each other
Program/Course: Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC1
Unit of Competency: Interpret Drawing and Symbols
Learning Outcome 1: Identify Standard Alphabet of Lines
INTRODUCTION
This lesson covers the knowledge skills and attitude required for identifying
standard alphabet of lines in accordance to International Standard Organization.
Assessment Criteria:
1. Alphabet of lines are identified according to International Standard Organization

(ISO)
2. Alphabet of lines are clearly explained according to their uses.
Definition of Terms
Weld Symbol- it indicates the require type of weld and

supplemental implementation.
Tolerance- is the total amount of variation permitted for the

design size of a part.
Symbol -is a figure or character used in place of a word

or group of words.
Arrow Side- is a weld symbol that is written above the

reference line.
Other Side- is a weld symbol that is written above the

reference line.
Both Side- is a weld symbol that is written above and

below the reference line.
Reference Line- is written horizontally forming an obtuse

angle.
Concave- is a curve inward (see contour symbol).
Convex- is a curve outward (see contour symbol).
Tail- is a part of an arrow symbol on a welding blue

print where specifications are placed
1
INFORMATION SHEET #1.1
Identify Standard Alphabet of Lines
Alphabet of Lines
Lines are the bases of all drawing. They are used even from simple drawing
to the difficult ones. Practice, exercise and correct use of techniques in the
making of lines will give student experience in technical sketching. Moreover,
constant practice will help students develop skill in making lines and use of
pencils. It should be remembered that the basic requirement for line
construction is clarify of line produced.
In practice, the kind of line produced, depends on the hardness of the
pencil. For drawing using pencil, the medium and light lines are more
prepared.
There are conventional lines used in drawing. These lines are called
alphabet of line and each line serves a particular purpose. These lines may
either be drawn freehand or they may be drawn mechanically.
There are several different types of lines used on a print and each has
different meaning. To be able to interpret a print, the reader should have
knowledge of these lines. These lines are called alphabet of lines.
1. Object Line. Thick solid line used to show the visible shape of the object.
___________________________
2
2. Hidden Line. Broken line of medium thickness and used to show the edges
and outlines not visible to the eye.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
3. Center Line. Fine, broken line made up of a series of short and long dashes
alternately spaced. To show the center of circles, arcs, and symmetrical
objects and to aid in dimensioning the parts of the object.
__ _____ __ _____ __ ______ __
4. Extension Line. Fine lines that extend from the object with a slight break
between and it is used to show dimensioning points.
5. Dimension Line. Lines used to indicate the measurement of objects. It

consists of three parts: arrowheads, fine line, and number or measurement.
The fine lines have the same thickness or weight as the projection line. The
arrowheads are short heavy strokes (called flares) placed at the extremities
of this fine line. The shape of an arrowhead is like the point of an ordinary
pen. The number or figure is usually positioned at the middle of the fine line
and its axis is perpendicular to it.
6. Leader Line. Fine, straight line with an arrowhead or round solid dot at one
end and usually drawn at angle. Points directly to a surface for the purpose
of dimensioning or adding a note. A dot may be used at the end of the
straight line where reference is made to a surface area.
7. Cutting Plane Line. A thick broken line made up of a series of one long and
two short dashes alternately spaced. The arrowheads are placed at right
angles to the cutting plane line. The purpose of this line is to indicate where
an imaginary cut is made through the object. The arrow points in the
direction in which the section should be viewed. Letters next to the
arrowheads identify the section in cases where more than one section is
shown on the drawing. These lines are oriented vertically, horizontally, or at
the actual angle at which the part is drawn.
3
8. Section Lines. Series of fine lines-solid or solid and broken-arranged in
specific patterns. They may be shown either straight or curved. When
shown straight, they are usually drawn at a 450 angle. It is used to indicate
the imaginary cut surface referred to by the cutting plane line. To represent
various kinds of materials.
9. Chain Line. Heavy, broken line made up of a series of long and short
dashes alternately spaced. It is used to indicate the location and extent of a
surface.
__________ ____ __________
10. Short Break Line. Heavy, irregular line drawn freehand used to show a
short break to conserve space on a drawing.
11. Long Break Line. Ruled, light line with freehand zigzags used to show a
long break to conserve spaced on a drawing.
12. Phantom Line. Light, broken line made up of a series of long and two short
dashes used to show alternate positions of a part; to show relationship of
existing part to new part; and to show machined surfaces.
__________ __ __ ________ __ __ __________
4
Self Check 1.1
Alphabet of Lines
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the best
answer and write the letter only in your answer sheet.
1. Fine lines with arrowheads usually touch the extension lines and
show distance given by the dimensions.
c. Hidden Lines c. Extension Lines
d. Dimension Lines d. Cutting Plane Lines
2. The purpose of this line is to indicate where an imaginary cut is

made through the object.
c. Hidden Lines c. Extension Lines
d. Dimension Lines d. Cutting Plane Lines
3. Series of fine lines-solid or solid and broken arranged in specific

patterns used to represent various kinds of materials.
c. Chain Line c. Section Line
d. Break Line d. Phantom line
4. Fine lines that extend from the object with a slight break between
and it is used to show dimensioning points.
d. Object Line d. Extension Line
5. Used to show the visible shape of the object.

d. Object Line d. Extension Line
5
II. Identifying Alphabet of Lines
Refer to the drawing Jig Support, identify the following types of lines.
A. _________________________ H. ________________________
B. _________________________ I. _______________________
C. _________________________ J. _______________________
D. _________________________ K. _______________________
E. _________________________ L._______________________
F. _________________________ M. _______________________
G. _________________________ N. _______________________
References
Welding Technology, Second Edition by Gower A. Kennedy
Welding Inspection Technology, Education Department, American

welding Society
Welding Principles and Application by Larry Jeffus and Harold V.

Johnson
6
Program/Course: Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC1
Learning Outcome 2: Identify Orthographic and Isometric Views
INTRODUCTION
This lesson covers the knowledge skills and attitude required for
identifying orthographic and Isometric Views in accordance with the working
plan.
1. Orthographic and isometric are clearly explained.
2. Orthographic and isometric drawings are identified based on plan.
Definition of Terms
Drawing - illustrating objects using drawing instruments

Sketching- freehand drawing
Orthographic View -refers to the different position of the object used in

orthographic projection
Orthographic Projection - refers to the representation of the exact shape of
an object in two or more views
Isometric Drawing Pictorial drawing in which the horizontal lines are

represented at angle of 300 with the horizontal axis.
Dimension lines -is used to indicate the measurements of objects.
7
INFORMATION SHEET # 2.1
Identify Orthographic and Isometric Views
Orthographic View Sketching
The term orthographic comes from the Greek words orthos and graphos
which mean to write and to draw. Orthographic sketching therefore is drawing
using lines only.
This kind of drawing is simple. Its purpose is to represent a shape using
two or more views.
Orthographic Drawing
Figure can be viewed in three ways:

a. Frontal plane
b. Horizontal plane
c. Profile plane
The frontal plane shows the shape of an object as seen from the front. This
is called FV.
The horizontal plane shows the object as viewed from the top. This is
called the TV of an object.
8
The profile plane shows the shape of the object as seen from the side, the
distance from bottom to top and front to back. This is called the SV of an
object.
9
View is the different position used in orthographic projection that an
object may be projected and this is done by extending perpendicular lines to
the plane from all parts of the object.
The Six Orthographic Views

A. Front View. Front view is observed directly behind the rear view.
B. Right Side View. View directly observed at the right of the front
view and it is the opposite of the Left Side View.
C. Top View. Top view is directly above the front view.
D. Bottom View. View directly observed beneath the front view. It is

the opposite of the Top View.
E. Rear View or Back View. View that is the opposite of the front
view.
F. Left Side View. View directly observed at the left of the front view
and it is the opposite of the Right Side View.
10
Principles of Orthographic Drawing
Principles involved in orthographic drawing are the following:
1. The top view is directly above the front view.
2. The side views are horizontally in line with the front view.
3. The width of the top is equal to the width of the side views.
4. When a line or an edge is viewed perpendicularly to a plane of projection

it appears as a point.
5. A line or edge parallel to the plane of projection will also appear as a line
or edge in its exact or true length.
11
6. A line or edge inclined to the plane of projection will appear shorter or
foreshortened.
7. A surface perpendicular to the plane of projection will appear as a line or

edge equal in length to the nearest edge of the surface, which in this
case is either its length or its width, depending on its position.
8. A surface parallel to the plane or projection will be shown in its exact or

true shape and size.
9. A surface inclined to the plane of projection will also appear as a surface

but smaller in size and shape.
10. No line or edge of the object can be projected longer than its true length.
12
ACTIVITY SHEET 2.1
Identify Orthographic and Isometric View
Orthographic Sketching
Sketching Orthographic Views
Procedure:
a. Know the dimensions of the object: the length, width and thickness.
Study the proportions of the parts and that of the whole object.
b. Check on the kind of view you wish to use in the object. Be sure
that the main surfaces are represented. More importantly check on
the size of the views taking care that they are proportioned
properly.
c. Draw the object using light lines first to give easier time for
erasures. Later when the view drawn is acceptable, the lines will be
made darker.
Sample orthographic views:
13
JOB SHEET 2.2
Identify Orthographic and Isometric View
Orthographic Sketching
Materials:
a. Pencil
b. Eraser
c. Protractor
d. Compass
e. Drawing table
f. T-square
g. Triangle
8. A4 paper
Draw the orthographic views
Plate No. 1
Plate No. 2
14
Isometric Drawing
Isometric drawing is a drawing wherein objects is represented by three

skills and are seen at one time. The term isometric comes from ISO which means
equal and metric means measure. This means therefore that the isometric view is
in equal measure to its orthographic views. Isometric also means that the
measurements of the angles are equal as formed by their three axes.
There are three axes of an isometric drawing: the vertical, the left 20
degrees cross axis and the right 30 degrees cross axes.
15
Operation Sheet 2.2
Isometric Drawing
Procedure:
1. Draw the vertical axis and then

lay the height.
2. Draw the left and right

degrees cross axis.
3. Measure the width and

depth of the object.
4. Draw parallel lines to the width

and depth to complete the three
faces of the object.
16
Job Sheet 2.2
Isometric Drawing
Materials:
a. Pencil
b. Eraser
c. Drawing table
d. T-square
e. Compass
f. Protractor
g. Triangle
h. A4 paper
Draw the given working drawing following given measurements using 30

degrees isometric drawing. Note: Use mm. unit of measurement.
Plate No. 1
Plate No. 2
INFORMATION SHEET #4
17
Self Check 2.2
LO 2. Identify Orthographic/Isometric Views
TEST I
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the best
answer and write the letter only in your answer sheet.
1. This refers to the representation of the exact shape of an object in two or
more views as they seen perpendicularly from its surfaces.
a. Alphabet of lines
b. Isometric Drawing
c. Orthographic Drawing
d. Orthographic Projection
2. View that is directly behind the rear view.

a. Top View
b. Side View
c. Front View
d. Bottom View
3. View directly observed beneath the front view.

a. Top View
b. Side View
c. Front View
d. Bottom View
4. What is the appearance of a line inclined to the plane of projection?

a. appear a point
b. appear as a line or edge
c. appear shorter or foreshortened
d. appear in its exact or true shape and size
5. A surface parallel to the plane of projection will appear as

a. a point
b. as a line or edge
c. shorter or foreshortened
d. in its exact or true shape and size
6. The top view is directly above the front view, the right side view is
directly to the right of the front view and the rear view is directly behind
the front view.
a. Isometric Drawing c. First Angle Projection

b. Orthographic Drawing d. Third Angle Projection
7. The appearance of the object as viewed directly from the above on top is
projected.
a. Projection c. Inclined Plane of Projection
b. Frontal Plane of Projection d. Horizontal Plane of Projection
8. This will show the shape of an object when viewed from the side and
the distance from the bottom to top and the distance from front to rear.
18
a. Projection c. Inclined Plane of Projection
b. Frontal Plane of Projection d. Horizontal Plane of Projection
9. In which two views is the length of the object the same?

a. Front and Top View c. Top and Side View
b. Front and Side View d. Side and Rear View
10. In which views is the thickness of the object the same?

a. Front and Top View c. Top and Side View
b. Front and Side View d. Side and Rear View
11. Identify the front view of the given isometric object
A B C
12. Identify the side view of the given isometric object
A B C
13. Identify the top view of the given isometric object
A B C
TEST II
Direction. Answer Set A and B test (Write your answer in a separate sheet of
paper).
A. Enumerate the 3 principal views in the orthographic drawing
1.
2.
3.
19
B. List down five tools and materials used in constructing orthographic
drawing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
References

welding Society

Johnson
20
INFORMATION SHEET #. 2.3.
Dimensioning
Dimensions are indicated in the drawings by dimension lines and

numerical figures. Dimension lines is used to indicate the measurements of
objects. The two kinds of dimensions are size and location dimensions. Size
dimension give the detail and overall sizes of the object. Lcoation
dimensions merely locate part or parts of the object. To locate a part, there
must be at least two location dimensions.
Size Dimension Location Dimension
Overall dimensions are shown the total thickness or height, width,

and length of an object, while detail dimensions are the thickness, length,
and width of each part of the same object. Complete dimensioning of any
object is necessary no matter how simple or complex it may be.
Dimensioning Rules
To help the beginner remember the dimensioning rules, it should be

remembered that each rule is followed by illustration or illustrations. Not
included here are rules followed in advance dimensioning such as limit
dimensioning and the dimensioning of weld joints. The foolowing are the
dimensioning rules wikch every draftman should remember:
1. Dimensioning should generally be placed between views.

The areas or spaces between views are indicated by light shaded
line.
21
Avoid repetition of dimensions.
a. Sound practice b. Unsound practice
2. Dimension lines should be parallel to the edge or line being measured.
This Not This
3. The flare of arrowhead should be properly made. In sketching, an

arrowhead may be made with one heavy stroke of the soft pencil.
Proper Improper
4. The fine line in a dimension line must be strictly observed. It should

be about one fourth the thickness of the visible line. Its thickness
should be the same as that of the projection line.
This Not This
5. The figures or numbers in a dimension line should be legible and

properly located.
This Not This
22
6. Dimensional figures are preferably directional. Unidirectional
dimensions may be used if the company desires them. Never mix
directional dimensions in a drawing.
Directional (Preferred for Unidirectional (Practiced in

Beginners) some industrial firms
7. Use an outside dimension if the space is limited, and use an inside

dimension if the space is ample or wide.
Outside Dimension Inside Dimension
8. Only metric measurements should appear in drawings
Good Practice Bad Practice
Note: Use one system of measurement in every drawing
9. Continuous dimensions should be used whenever possible.
23
10. Staggered dimensioning should be used when the spaces for the
dimensions are narrow.
11. A dimension line may be terminated by a projection, visible, hidden,

or center line.
By Projection By Visible Line
By Center Line By Hidden Line

12. Dimension lines should be extended beyond the edge or line being
measured. It should always touch the projection line or edge being
measured.
This Not This
13. Arrowheads should point to the terminating line and not to the
dimensional figure.
This Not This
14. Let no workman add or subtract dimensions. To put it another way,

complete all dimensions needed.
24
Preferred Poor Practice
15. When giving the location dimensions for round holes, measure the
center to center distance between holes and from the center line of
the holes to the two nearest visible lines.
16. Place dimension closest to the part being measured. Dimensions may
be placed inside a view.
Preferred Poor Practice
17. Never crowd dimensions. The dimension closest to a view should be

about 7 mm. the other dimensions could be similarly spaced. Avoid
aligning dimensional figure vertically.
This Not This
18. Projection or extension lines should be properly drawn. They should

extend about 3 mm from the dimension line and not closer than
1 mm from the object or visible line.
This Not This
25
19. Give the diameter of a circle or round hole. Note the various ways of
positioning the dimension lines.
20. Give the radii of arcs.
21. Measure angles in degrees. The figures should be unidirectional. In

this case the dimension line is in the form of an arc the center of
which is at the vertex of the angle.
22. Dimension irregular curves by the square or base line method.
Square Method Baseline Method
23. Write or print the directional figures properly.
Correct Incorrect
26
24. Use radial dimensioning for large arcs, especially those with centers
outside the drawing paper.
25. For tuned pieces, put one set of dimensions on one side and the other
set on the other side of the view
26. Metric measurements may be given in whole numbers. In this case, a

note should be added to the drawing to identify the kind of
dimensions used. Such as a note may run thus: All dimensions are
in centimeters, All dimensions are in millimeters, or All
dimensions are in meters unless otherwise specified.
Note: All dimensions are

in centimeters
27. Dimensions may be as notes in the drawing.
27
28. Avoid crossing dimensions
Sound Practice Unsound Practice
28
Self Check #2.3
Dimensioning
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the
best answer and write the letter only in your answer
sheet.
1. This gives the total thickness, width, and length of an object.

a. Dimension Line
b. Size Dimension
c. Overall Dimension
d. Location Dimension
2. Dimensions should be placed

a. between views
b. above the top view
c. below the front view
d. on the right side of the front view
3. Figures or numbers are located

a. after the arrowhead
b. before the arrowhead
c. parallel at the middle of the arrows
d. perpendicular at the middle of the arrows
4. When will you apply outside dimensioning?

a. hidden parts of the object
b. dimensioning on arcs and circles
c. space between edges of the objects are narrow
d. space between edges of the objects are too wide
5. When locating dimension between circles, dimension is placed

a. center-to-edges of circles
b. between endpoint edges of circles
c. between near point edges of circles
d. center-to-center distances between circles
6. Which of the following is preferred rule of dimensioning?

a. b. c. d.
29
7. What is the problem on dimensioning of the illustrated object?
a. Sizes of the figures are not proportional with the dimension

line.
b. Dimension lines are of the same weight with the object line.
c. Dimensions too closed to the object lines
d. Free on dimensioning problems.
8. What should be the approximate thickness of dimension lines compared

to the object lines?
a. 1/16
b. 1/8
c. 3/16
d. 1/4
9. This is the preferred distances between dimension lines and the object
lines.
a. 3 mm
b. 5 mm
c. 7 mm
d. 10 mm
10. What is the distance between the extension lines and the object or
visible lines?
a. 1.0 mm
b. 1.5 mm
c. 3.0 mm
d. 4.0 mm
References

welding Society

Johnson
30
INFORMATION SHEET No. 2.4
Scaling
Scaling is the process of making an object shorter or longer, bigger or

smaller so that it could be conviniently drawn on paper.
Rules used by pattern makers in a foundry shop are scaled to

compensate for the expansion and contraction of materials for casting. Also,
the rules, traingular in cross-section, used by architects and engineers you
might have seen around, are scaled to make buildings, highways and
amchineries shorter or smaller for accomodation on drawing paper.
The rule below is an architectural or mechanical engineers rule.

Reduction in size is based on proportion of the millimeters.
Methods of Scaling
1. Reducing Method. This method is applied when the object to be

drawn is bigger than the size of the gragihng paper
where to draw. This is most practiced method of scaling
for engineering works.
Example:
a. Scale 1 : 100 mm
b. Scale 1 : 500 mm
2. Enlarging Method. The object to be drawn is too small for the size
of the graphing paper. This needs the object to be
enlarge that is proportional to the size of the graphing
paper.
Example:
a. Scale 10 : 1 mm
b. Scale 100 : 20 mm
3. Retaining Method. The object to be drawn need not to be alter to

be proportional to the graphing paper.
Example:
a. Scale 1:1
The scale size of a drawing is always in direct proportion to the

actual size of the object. The figure on the left side represents the quantity
of measure for the drawing while the figure on the right side represents the
corresponding quantity of measure for the object being illustrated.
31
Example:
a. Scale 1:100 is used and the dimension of the object is 10 meters.

The linear distance on the print, therefore, is 0.1 meter of the
object distance.
1 x 10 m = 0.1 m
100
b. What is the linear distance in the blueprint of a 10.0 meters

distance if the scale applied is 1:400?
Scale 1:300
1 x 10.0 m = 10.0
400 400
= 0.025 m or 2.5 cm
32
Activity Sheet 2.4
Scaling
Direction: Give the true lengths of the given dimensions using the following
scales.
1. 3.0 m scaled to 1:100
2. 5.25 m scaled to 1:300
3. 125 cm scaled to 1:50
4. 250 cm scaled to 1:400
5. 7.5 m scaled to 1:1000
6. With the architectural rule, measure the following lines and give
the true lengths according to scales 1:500
a.
b.
c. ______________________________________________
References

welding Society

Johnson
33
Program/Course: Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC 1
Learning Outcome 3: Interpret Standard drawing Symbols, Dimensional

Tolerances and Notations
INTRODUCTION
This lesson covers the knowledge skills and attitude required for interpreting
standard drawing symbols, dimensional tolerances and notations according to
specification.
1. Drawing symbols are interpreted according to drawing standards.
2. Dimensional tolerance, notations are interpreted according to specifications.
Definition of Terms
Weld Joints- refers to how the parts to be welded are

assembled prior to welding
Weld Symbols-miniature drawing of the metal edge preparation

prior to welding. Provide the means of placing
complete welding information on drawings.
Supplementary Symbols- are symbols that provide additional requirements or

instruction
34
INFORMATION SHEET 3.1
Interpret Standard Drawing Symbols, Dimensional Tolerances and Notations
Welding Symbol
Location of Elements: The elements of a welding symbol have standard locations with
respect to each other.
Location Significance of Arrow: The arrow element in a welding symbol in conjunction

with the reference line determines the arrow side and other side of a weld.
The symbol depicting an arrow side weld is always placed below the reference line. The
arrow side is always closest to the reader when viewed from the bottom of the drawing.
The weld symbol depicting other side weld is placed above the reference line, away from
the reader. Welds on both side of a joint are shown by placing weld symbols on both
sides of the reference line.
Some weld symbols have no arrow or other side significance. However, supplementary
symbols used in conjunction with these weld symbols may have such significance. For
example, welding symbols for resistance spot and seam welding have no side
significance, but GTAW, EBW, or other spot and seam welds may have arrow and other
side.
References: When a specification, process, test, or other references is needed to clarify

a welding symbol, the reference is placed in a tail on the welding symbol. The letters
CJP may be used in the tail of the arrow to indicate that a complete joint penetration
groove weld is required, regardless of the type of weld or joint preparation. The tail may
be omitted when no specification, process, or other reference is required with a welding
symbol.
Dimensions: Dimensions of a weld are shown on the same side of the reference line as
the weld symbol. The size of the weld is shown to the left of the weld symbol, and the
length of the weld is placed on the right. If a length is not given, the weld symbol
applies to that portion of the joint between abrupt changes in the direction of welding
or between specified dimension lines. If a weld symbol is shown on each side of the
reference line, dimensions are required to be given for each weld even though both
welds are identical.
Either US Customary or SI units may be used when specifying dimensions. However,

only one of the two should be used for a product or project.
If a weld in a joint is to be intermittent, the length of the increments and the pitch
(center-to-center spacing) are placed to the right of the weld symbol.
The term weld symbol and welding symbol have different meanings. A weld
symbol indicates the required type of weld. The welding symbol includes the weld
symbol and supplementary information. A complete welding symbol consists of the
following elements:
35
Reference line
Arrow
Basic weld symbol
Dimensions and other data
Supplementary symbol
Finish symbol
Tail
Specification, process and other references
F Finish Symbol
A Groove Angle: included angle of countersink for plug welds
R Root Opening; depth of filling for plug and slot welds.
S Depth of Bevel: size or strength for certain welds
E Groove Weld Size
L Length of Weld
P Pitch of Weld: center-to-center spacing
T Tail of Weld: specification, process of other reference (omitted when reference
is not used
N Number of Spot, Stud, or Projection Welds
- Field Weld
- Weld All Around
- Contour Symbol
36
In your work, you may be required to work from these drawings; therefore
you should understand the use and meaning of these symbols.
MEANING & USE OF SYMBOLS
An arc welding symbol consists of the main four parts
1. A reference line
2. An arrow.
3. A basic welding symbol
4. A tail
The basic symbol indicates the type of weld.
(Butt, fillet, etc.)
1. The reference line is a line connected to the arrow. The position of the basic
symbol above or beneath this line determines the location of the weld. The
reference line is always drawn parallel to the bottom edge of the drawing, or
to the base line of a particular view.
2. The arrow indicates the position of the weld; it is drawn at an angle from the
end of the reference line to one side of the joint. This side is called the arrow
side of the joint. The opposite side is called the other side of the joint.
37
Arrow Location
Welds on the arrow side of the joint are shown by inverting the weld symbol
and placing it beneath the reference line.
Symbol Indicating Fillet Weld

At Arrow Side of Joint
1. Welds on the other side of the joint are shown by

placing the symbols above the reference line.
Symbol indicating fillet welds on the other side of joint.
2. Welds on both sides of the joint are shown by

placing the weld symbol above and below the
reference line.
Fillet weld both sides of the joint
3. Basic weld symbols describe the type of weld to be made. This symbol is a
miniature drawing of the metals edge preparation prior to welding. The basic
weld symbol is only part of the entire AWS welding symbol.
38
Form of Weld Weld Symbol Sectional
Representation
Bead
Fillet
Square Butt
Single V Butt
Single Bevel Butt
Single U Butt
Single J Butt
Double V Butt
Double U Butt
Plug and Slot
39
Stud
Surfacing
4. The tail is added to the symbol only when special notes are required. A
number or letter code used inside the tail direct the welder to special notes
located elsewhere on the drawing. These notes may specify the heat
treatment, welding process used, or other information not given on the
welding symbol.
40
Self Check # 3.1
Welding Symbols
J. Multiple Choice:
1. This is information used as a guide by the welder in constructing or assembling

metal products.
a. Drawings c. Weld Symbols
b. Sketches d. Welding Symbols
2. When a dark triangle (flag) is placed as a typical part of the welding symbol, this
means that
a. the project must have to be made
b. the project is to be made on site
c. the project is to be made on shop
d. the project is to be made as the need arises
3. Reference line is known to be as __________ of the welding symbol.

a. main part c. longest part
b. primary part d. main and longest part
4. Parts of the welding symbol used to indicate position of the weld.

a. Reference Line c. Arrow
b. Weld Symbol d. Tail
5. The symbol triangle attached to the reference line indicates the type of weld.
a. Bead c. Square Butt Weld
b. Fillet d. Single V Butt Weld
6. This type of weld attached below the reference line indicating that the weld is to
be made.
a. Arrow side of the joint b. Both sides of the joint
b. Other side of the joint c. None of the above
7. What is the purpose of surfacing symbol?

a. apply stringer bead c. building-up the surface
b. filling-up the surface d. all of the above
8. When special notes are required for the welder be informed, part of the welding
symbol is indicated.
9. Basic weld symbol is only a part of the welding symbol indicating the
a. position of the weld c. size of the weld
b. types of weld d. especial notes required
10. This symbol is a miniature drawing of the metals edge preparation prior to
welding.
41
References
Welding Inspection Technology, Education Department, American welding

Society
Welding Principles and Application by Larry Jeffus and Harold V. Johnson
42
Supplementary Symbols
Supplementary symbols can be placed above or below the basic symbol, or

at the intersection of the reference line and the arrow. Dimensions and reference to
specifications, or welding procedures may also be added.
1. Weld all around is a circle drawn on the welding symbol, indicating that the
described weld is to be made all around the part.
2. Field weld symbol is a symbol added to the basic AWS welding symbol to
indicate that a weld is to be made at the job site ( in the field), rather than in a
fabricating shop.
3. Melt through is a complete joint penetration for a joint welded from one side
and visible root reinforcement is produced.
4. Backing symbol is an open rectangular box used in combination with a groove

weld symbol located on the reference line indicating that locating materials is
required on the opposite side control penetration.
5. Spacer symbol is an open box that intersects the reference line, indicating that a
spacer is placed between joint.
Contour and Finish Symbol
1. Flush contour symbol is located on the same side as the symbol and indicates
the weld should be approximately a flat plane with the surface.
2. Convex contour symbol is located on the side as the symbol and indicates that
the weld should be raised or convex shape.
43
3. Concave contour symbol is located on the same side as the symbol indicates
that the weld should be concave shape.
4. If the contour requires finishing, a finishing symbol will be sued in conjunction

with the contour symbol, a letter G indicate grinding, C indicate shipping, M
indicate machining, and U indicate unspecified which local method should be
used.
44
Self Check 3.2
Supplementary Symbols
Multiple Choice:
1. This symbol indicating that the joint/welds cannot be made in the shop but
rather it will be made on site.
a. Weld all around c. melt through
b. Field weld symbol d. spacer
2.Melt through symbol shows that the required output of welding should be
a. visible face reinforcement c. burn through
b. visible root reinforcement d. penetration
3.Weld all around symbol is mostly applied on welded joints like

a. Pipe welded to similar diameter of pipe
b. Plate welded to plate with the same thickness
c. Pipe welded to plate
d. All of the above
4.Backing symbol is required to a butt joint.

a. Square butt joint c. Double V butt joint
b. Single V butt joint d. Double bevel butt joint
5.This symbol is required to control the penetration on the opposite side of the
joint.
a. Melt through c. Backing symbol
b. Finish symbol d. Spacer
6.What finish symbol should be included when it requires 2-3 mm weld

reinforcement above the surface of the base metal?
a. finishing symbol c. convex contour symbol
b. flush contour symbol d. concave contour symbol
7.What should be included in the welding symbol when the welded joint requires
grinding?
a. finishing symbol c. convex contour symbol
b. flush contour symbol d. concave contour symbol
8.The appearance of the weld profile with the flush contour symbol included in
the welding symbol is
a. weld is underfill
b. weld should be grinded
c. weld raised above the surface of the base metal
d. weld is approximately flat with surface of the base metal
9.When concave contour symbol is located on the same side as the weld symbol,
this indicates that
45
a. weld is underfill
b. weld should be grinded
c. weld should be raised above the surface of the base metal
d. weld is approximately flat with surface of the base metal
10.Melt through is included in the welding symbol indicating that

a. weld size is enough
b. weld is burn through
c. c. penetration is too much
d. d. accepted joint penetration
References

Society
46
Typical Welding Symbols
Information given on the welding symbol must always be shown in the

designated location on the symbol. These locations are determined by the side of
the reference line on which the weld symbol is placed.
Weld Symbols
Weld symbols are intended to be based in conveying the information among the
designer, shop and fabrication personnel.
Type of joint
Type of joint preparation
Side of groove preparation and welding
Type of weld
Size of weld
a. Type of Joint
A joint is a junction of members or the edges of members that are to be joined or
have been joined. The five basic joints used in welding are:
A. Fillet weld
Dimension of fillet welds are shown on the same side of the reference line
as the weld symbol and are shown to the left of the symbol. When both sides of a
joint have the same size fillet welds, one or both may be dimensioned. When
both sides of a joint have different size fillet welds, both are dimensioned. When
the dimensions of one or both welds differ from the dimensions given in the
general notes, both welds are dimensioned. The size of a fillet weld unequal legs
is shown in parentheses to the left of the weld symbol. The length of a fillet weld,
when indicated on the welding symbol, is shown to the right of the weld symbol.
In intermittent fillet welds, the length and pitch increments are placed to the
right of the weld symbol. The first number represents the length of the weld, and
the second number represents the pitch or the distance between the centers of
two welds.
A.1 Equal Leg Fillet Weld Both Sides
47
A.2.Equal Leg Chain Intermittent Both Sides
A.3. Staggered Intermittent Fillet Weld
B. Groove Weld
In groove weld preparation, the root opening is given inside the weld symbol. The
groove angle is shown just outside the weld symbol. The depth of penetration is
given on the left side of the welding symbol. Weld size may also be given in this
same location.
Edges of metal over (6.4 mm) thick are always prepared in some way before
making a groove weld, in order to ensure 100% penetration. The groove weld size
is the depth to which a weld penetrates the joint from the surface of the base
metal. The desired depth of preparation and the depth of the weld penetration
are generally determined by codes or specifications.
48
.
Plate Thickness = 3/8

Depth of Groove =1/4
Weld Size = 3/8
Groove Angle = 600
Root Gap = 1/8
B.1. Square Butt Groove
Closed Square Butt Groove Double Open Square Butt Groove
Weld Size = 1/4

Weld Size =1/4
Closed Butt Groove = No Gap
Root Gap = 1/8
B.2 Single Vee Groove
49
C. Plug Welds
Holes in the arrow side member of a joint for plug welding are indicated
by placing the weld symbol below the reference line. Holes in the other side
member of the joint for plug welding are indicated by placing the weld symbol
above the reference line. Refer to the figure for the location of the dimensions
used for plug welding.
The diameter or size is located to the left of the symbol (A). The angle of
the sides of the hole, if not square, is given above the symbol (B). The depth of
build-up, if not completely flush with the surface, is the given in the symbol (C).
The center-to-center dimensioning or pitch is located on the right of the symbol
(D).
50
Self Check.3.3
Typical Welding Symbols
I. Multiple Choice:
Direction: Interpret carefully the illustrations given. Choose the best answer ad
write the letter only in your answer sheet.
A. Identify the appropriate weld profiles of the given welding symbols.

1.
a. c.
b. d.
2.
a. b. c. d.
51
3.
a. c.
b. d.
4.
a. c.
b. d.
52
5.
a. b. c. d.
B. Identify appropriate welding symbols.
1.
Site Welding
a. b. c. d.
53
2.
Root Gap: 0
a. b. c. d.
3.
a. b. c. d.
References

Society
54
HIGH SCHOOLS
Unit of Competency: CONTRIBUTE TO QUALITY SYSTEM
Module No.: 2 Module Title: CONTRIBUTING TO QUALITY SYSTEM
Date: LO 1. INSPECT WORK DONE Page #

Version No.: Module Title: CONTRIBUTING TO QUALITY SYSTEM 55
Program/Course Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC-1
Unit of Competency Contribute to Quality System
Module Title: Contributing to Quality System
INTRODUCTION:
This module contains information and suggested learning activities on

Contribution to Quality System.
This module consists of three (3) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome
contains learning activities supported by instruction sheets. Before you perform the
activity, read the information sheets and answer the self-check provided to as certain
your competence, your teacher will assess what you have acquired when the knowledge
necessary to perform the skill portion of the what particular learning outcome.
Upon completing this module, report to your competence teacher for assessment
to check your achievement of knowledge and skills requirements of this module. If you
pass the assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the module the students should be able to:
LO1 Inspect work done;

LO2 Apply Quality Standards to work;
LO3 Protect Company Property and Customer Interest.

PRE-TEST
Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. The Welding Procedure Specification is considered?
A. Welding procedure for welder during welding

B. Document of pre-qualification test
C. Welding instructional guide
D. None of the above
2. What statement does not belong to quality control?
A. Welding Specification and Standard

B. Welding Inspection
C. Welding Process
D. Materials Coding and Specifications
3. How do you judge weldment that pass the quality requirements?
A. weld by experience welder

B. good appearance weld but w/o welding procedure
C. weld with approved welding procedure specification
D. all of the above
4. Something that is established for use as a rule of comparison in measuring or

judging capacity quantity extent, value, quality, etc.
A. specification
B. code
C. standard
D. agreement
5.ASME means
A. American Society of Mechanical Engineering

B. American Society of Mechanical Engineers
C. American Society of Manufacturing Engineering
D. American Society of Mining and Energy

Version No.: Module Title: CONTRIBUTING TO QUALITY SYSTEM lvii
6. Which certifying company operates only in the Philippines?
o Societe General de Surveillance (SGS

o Anglo-Japanese American Registrar (AJA)
o United Kingdom Accreditation (UKA)
o Bureau of Products and Standards (BPS)
7. What department or section responsible in monitoring and checking quality of

products/welds?
A. production department
B. quality control department
C. planning department
D. drawing department
8. A pre-qualification testing for welding as a requirements that focuses in the

following statement except one
A. Welders qualification test

B. Material qualification test
C. Welding procedure test
D. Welding inspection test
9. An appropriate reason for keeping the records and documents intact and
accessible anytime is for
a. For recording only

b. For future reference and review
c. To be checked the work
d. For office needs
10. Why safety signs and symbols must be posted in a readable corners?
a. everyone can read

b. everyone can follow directions
c. for safety
d. for structure display
11. A document that provides information of company operations which includes

the abstract presentation of the sites, buildings, facilities, products and quality
procedures.
a. inspection manual
b. standard manual
c. company manual
d. record manual

Version No.: Module Title: CONTRIBUTING TO QUALITY SYSTEM lviii
12. Processes and quality requirements are both tailored in the agreement between
the.
a. manufacturer and client

b. company and workers
c. inspector and production
d. all of the above
13. Workers and welders while performing their duties in the production area are
prone to hazards. The protective device for them is
a. safety glass
b. gas mask
c. welding gloves
d. goggles
14. One of the four (4) reasons why do we keep records intact anytime
a. Records for pre-qualification test of welders. Procedures and non-

destructive test for future referral
b. For products file
c. Record purposes of quality control unit
d. All of the above
15. The department or section in the manufacturer that is in-charge for the
implementation of the program of works/activities for production
a. Quality Control Department

b. Production Department
c. Promotional Department
d. All of the above

Version No.: Module Title: CONTRIBUTING TO QUALITY SYSTEM lix
Program/Course: Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC-1
Unit of Competency: Contribute to Quality System
Learning Outcome 1: Inspect Work Done
INTRODUCTION
This lesson covers the knowledge skills and attitude required for inspecting
work done according to company procedure.
1. Appropriate inspection of work done are conducted.
2. Ensure that the company quality system and procedure are maintained/followed
3. Job Specifications/Work order and quality standard are identified.
4. Faults/Defects are identified and rectified according to company procedure.
Definition of Terms
Code is a body of Laws, as a nation, or a city, arranged systematically for easy

reference.
Standard is something that is established for use as a rule or basis of comparison
Specification describe as detailed description of the parts of a whole statement or
enumeration of particulars, to actual or required size, quality, performance,
term, etc.
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ISO 900 a tool to provide a foundation for quality improvement and quality
management
WPS Welding Procedure Specification, a guide for welders and inspectors to verify the
welding procedures
Pre-qualification Test a test conducted in the shops for the purpose of determining
the procedures.
Quality Control a unit or department to organize and are responsible for the quality of
products or outputs

INSPECT WORK DONE
The inspection of work relative to the welding is one of the requirements for
production. The various inspections are companys concern in order to meet the work
standards as viewed in products and safety. Welding inspection personnel may have
specific skills and expertise for the tasks. To enumerate the various inspection
categories are as follows: Weld Visual Inspection, Material Inspection, Dimensional
Inspection and Non Destructive Testing (NDT) Inspection. These inspectors discharge
their duties in a separate functions and no one could be placed at any capacity or
assignment to do due to the qualifications of a person.
Quality Systems and Procedures
Work Instructions
The work instructions are taken from jobs/projects to be made in the work
place. These are the package of instructions allocated in the various shops of the
company. These are sets of work instruction for production and another set for quality
control department. The specific duties and responsibilities of each department to
implement the program of works and activities and that are formed in the contracts
and agreement between the fabrication and the client.
Documents pertaining to contracts, work orders and specifications were

discussed and approved by both the Fabrication Company and the client. The two
parties assume their specific responsibilities in time of preparations and
implementation of the project. Some of the four reasons why do we keep records intact
and accessible anytime:
Records serve as basis for future reference of information.
Records and reports can be the basis for turn-over works in case of leave of
absence or shifting.
Records will be the protection should question arise later.
Records as pre-qualification test for welders, materials, procedures, processes

and NDT for future referral/review by both parties.
Welders and workers will have to respond positively on the cases of quality
record keeping and reporting as to maintain the standard operations in the workplace.
Date: LO 3. PROTECTION OF COMPANYS PROPERTY AND CUSTOMERS INTEREST Page #

Version No.: CONTRIBUTING TO QUALITY SYSTEM 2
Safe Work Procedures
It is the mandate that anyone in the company must observe and follow the work
safety. Safety practices must be observed in order to meet the standard production
operation in the shop.
Welding Quality Standard/ISO

ISO 9003 A Model for Quality Assurance in Final Inspection and Test
To ensure the quality, reliability and strength of weldment, an inspection

program of the company is strictly observed and followed. The fabrication details is
reflected in the plan for the procedure has been developed based on appropriate codes
and standards. The Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) which considered the bible
of welders is always made available. At any time, and is placed in areas that are
accessible to information. The products that are subjected to inspection must be
included in the quality program of the production so that it will be easier to monitor
and evaluate the flow of operation. There are critical weld joints that must pass
through intensive post-weld inspection after welding. These category of weld joints fall
under fabricated structures such as Boilers, Reactors, Heat Exchanger and High
Pressure Vessels. Since these products calls for critical services, the weldments must
pass the inspection requirements and utmost must be approved and certified for
acceptability of the weld profile requirements.
Welding Codes and Standards/ISO
The selection of codes and standard to be used maybe based upon several
factors, including the following:
Many government agencies (local, state, federal) require that a

specification code or standard should be followed.
The manufacturers consider cost and reliability; that is, a stricter

standard is applied to the weld made, the cost of the weld necessarily
increases.
The code and standard used is considered standard and the industry
has been use for sometime.
The fitness of the service weld requirement as established through testing.
The perfect welds are not required. The difference between what is acceptable
and fit for service, such perfection what is known as tolerance. Agencies that issue
codes and standard and each give the specific tolerance.
o American Bureau of Shipping

o American Petroleum Institute
o American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
o American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)
o American Welding Society (AWS)
o British Welding Institute (BWI)
o United State Government (USG)
Here are some of the noted American Welding Code Standards:

AWS D.1.1 Structural Welding Code
ASME IX Pressurized Vessels Welding Code
APII 1104 Standard for Welding Pipeline and Related Facilities
Communication Process
Production managers, supervisors and quality inspectors are the communicators

of workers. Simple, concise and clear instructions will have to promote better
understanding on the part of the workers. This is possible through the issuance of
Office Memorandum, letter of instructions, work procedures, observation and
inspection reports as a routine communication process.

SELF CHECK # 1.1
LO1 INSPECT WORK DONE
1. The Welding Procedure Specification is considered?
A. Welding procedure for welder during welding

B. Document of pre-qualification test
C. Welding instructional guide
D. None of the above
2. What statement does not belong to quality control?
A. Welding Specification and Standard

B. Welding Inspection
C. Welding Process
D. Materials Coding and Specifications
3. How do you judge weldment that pass the quality requirements?
A. weld by experience welder

B. good appearance weld but w/o welding procedure
C. weld with approved welding procedure specification
D. all of the above
4. Something that is established for use as a rule of comparison in measuring or

judging capacity quantity extent, value, quality, etc.
A. specification
B. code
C. standard
D. agreement
5. ASME means
A. American Society of Mechanical Engineering

B. American Society of Mechanical Engineers
C. American Society of Manufacturing Engineering
D. American Society of Mining and Energy
References
Welding Inspection Technology, Education Department, American welding Society

Program/Course: Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC-1
Learning Outcome 2 Apply Quality Standard to Work
INTRODUCTION
This lesson covers the knowledge skills and attitude required for applying quality
standard to work
1. Observation and visitation to industry are conducted to maintain quality

standard practices.
2. Appropriate quality standards applied throughout the production process.
3. All work activities are coordinated throughout the workplace to ensure efficient
work outcomes.
Definition of Terms

reference.
term, etc.
management
welding procedures
the procedures.
products or outputs

LO2: Apply Quality Standards to Work
Once a code and standard in welding has been established and selected, the
quality control department will have to decide the methods for the pre-qualifications
procedures and processes applied to welding production.
Some of the pre-qualification testing that has to be done. These are pre-
qualifications of welders, procedures, materials, welding positions and welding
processes. These activities will have to be recorded and documented for the formulation
of future welding procedure specifications (WPS).
Certifying Companies/Agencies
ISO 9001 is an International Standard for Quality Management Systems (QMS)

issued by the International Organizations for Standardization. ISO is an internationally
recognized series of quality system standard that provides quality management
guidance, and identify generic quality system elements necessary to achieve quality
assurance.
Has been widely used in commercial transactions whereby suppliers and

buyers agree on very clear guidelines for achieving consistent product
quality and customer satisfaction.
Seventy-four (74) countries adapted these International Standards.
Used as framework for continuous improvement.
ISO Certifying Companies here in the country use standards, norm, regulations
that are prescribed and recognized by the International Institutions as they evaluate
firm or a school for that matter, that demonstrated utmost level of excellence and had
completely satisfied all requirements necessary in the performance of its duties.
Peoples perception of passing ISO standards means you have threaded the eye of the
needle.
There are ISO certifying companies operate all over the country, the following
are:
Societe Generale de Surveillance Philippines Inc. (SGS)

Det Norske Veritas (DNV)
Anglo-Japanese American Registrar (AJA)
United Kingdom Accreditation Scheme (UKAS)
Some of the aspects that the ISO Certifying Companies are concern are in the
Management System such as:
Operations (Work Procedures material Specification etc.)

Human resources (Qualification and Testing Requirements)
Customer Service (Marketing and Product Promotions)
Facilities (Standard Requirements of Building and Equipments)
Environmental Policies (Physical and Human Safety)
Other Areas of Concerns
ISO Agencies in the Philippines
Bureau of Products and Standards (National Accrediting Body)

Certification no. series PNS 1000/ISO 9000
Workplace Visitation/Observation
Company visitation and observation tour in the welding production is at routine

works that the group of persons is doing periodically. The company may invite guest
and customer for job promotions and for future investment.
Another form of visitation and observations are team of inspectors. The purpose
of the visit is to assess the general update of the standard inspection operations in the
workplace. These officials, includes owners, Government representatives, productions
and in-house inspectors.
Three general categories into which the inspectors work function can be grouped
into:
Overseer
Specialist
Combination of Overseer and Specialist
Record Maintenance
Keeping of records and documents in the welding production is essential. Theres

no such production of welds without a system of recordings because its hard for the
company to attract acceptance from the customers. The complete recording and
updating for processes in the workplace must always be a part in favor for the client
approval.
Most codes used by the manufacturers requires a binding agreement between

the contractors and the client. The welding qualification testing document must be
intact and accessible any time for future reference as the works progresses in the shop.
Communication Process
Workers in the workplace must learn the communication requirements adopted

by the company. There are basic informations and messages commonly applied from
one office to another, familiarity with the verbal and written instructions coming from
co-workers and from the authorities.
The Management will provide desirable places in posting informations and

communications for conveying workers to comply of any task(s) relative to productions,
procedures and processes. Safety signs must be posted in places accessible to read to
avoid injuries and accidents..

Self Check 2.1
LO2: Apply Quality Standard to Work
Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer
1. Which certifying company operates only in the Philippines?
A. Societe General de Surveillance (SGS

B. Anglo-Japanese American Registrar (AJA)
C. United Kingdom Accreditation (UKA)
D. Bureau of Products and Standards (BPS)
2. What department or section responsible in monitoring and checking quality of

products/welds?
A. production department
B. quality control department
C. planning department
D. drawing department
3. A pre-qualification testing for welding as a requirements that focuses in the

following statement except one
A. Welders qualification test

B. Material qualification test
C. Welding procedure test
D. Welding inspection test
4. An appropriate reason for keeping the records and documents intact and
accessible anytime is for
A. For recording only

B. For future reference and review
C. To be checked the work
D. For office needs
5. Why safety signs and symbols must be posted in a readable corners?
A. everyone can read

B. everyone can follow directions
C. for safety
D. for structure display
References

Program/Course: Shielded Metal Arc Welding NC1
Learning Outcome 3 Protection of Companys Property and Customers

Interest
INTRODUCTION
This lesson covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required for protecting
company property and customers interest in accordance with company quality
procedure.
1. Possible damage to companys property is avoided by adhering to companys

Quality Procedure.
2. Quality of work is reviewed to ensure that the customer requirements and

company standard are met.
Definition of Terms

reference.
term, etc.
management
welding procedures
the procedures.
products or outputs

Learning Outcome 3. Protection of Companys Property and Customer

Interest
The company operates in the manner that the basic policies and regulations has
been formed by the Policy Making Body of the Organization. The company aims to
deliver the maximum quality service in terms of product, output with customers
satisfaction. Therefore the management will have to initiate reforms after reviewing the
existing status of the operations. The assessment results will be the basis for
improvement.
Company System, Processes and Quality Requirements
The Company manuals and procedure manuals are the documents that provide
all information regarding the company operations. These documents include the
abstract presentation of the sites, buildings, facilities, products, and quality
procedures.
The quality standard manuals and the inspection record manuals are of
separate documents that are kept in the quality control department. All information
and guidelines pertaining to the quality is in the manuals. The inspection record
manuals are specific instructions for all inspections activities. These include material
records, inspection records, processes involved and the various sample forms of
inspection reports. These inspection reports of all finished products are registered in
the manual of inspection for purposes reference in the review of the production
procedures.
Processes and Quality Requirements are both tailored based on the contract
between the client and the manufacturers. Each of the sectors has to perform the
specific function. These task(s) are focused to implement and monitor the production
and quality requirements.
Quality Assurance Principles
Quality assurance is a statement that also referred to the process of products

that is quality assured. This will be possible in producing products that passed through
a qualified or certified process and in compliance with he standard requirements. The
common practices of the production sector and the quality control group well done
assessment if all activities performed are in compliance with the standard.
If we are going to focus on production of welding, we are assured of quality if we

realize the importance of welding inspectors. They dont just look in the finished weld,
but looking back on how the weld is done; Section 4 of AWS QC I standard in
Qualification and Certification of Welding inspectors. From the many responsibilities of
welders and welding inspectors, it is proper to discuss that both of them having
separate jobs to do. Welders do follow the welding production requirements and to note:
Receive specific instruction from welding foreman/foremen regarding the scope

of work.
Follow the welding Procedures and sequence by referring to (WPS)
Perform Welding Production and with compliance.
Apply safety assurance in the workplace.
Handling of Materials
The company/industry is assigning personnel responsible specifically for

materials, tools, and equipment. The skills of these workers to do the specific functions
are credible and appropriate because of basis for accepting them to the position are
their qualification.
In the welding production, materials are stocked and filed in the stockyard in a
very spacious area or location and that at the same time an office for material control
and maintenance. All of the materials and processes are based on standard operations
of receiving delivery and in the issuance of materials to the production in-charge
personnel and to quality inspector. There are numerous ways and methods for
controlling materials in the stockyard, and this performed by personnel in-charge.
In many industries, one of the more important aspects of fabrication is

identification and traceability of materials. Some inspectors maybe required to assist in
the material control program as part of their regular duties. It is therefore that the
individual must be capable of properly identifying material and that information related
to documentation.
Materials for welded fabrication and often ordered with the stipulation that they
meet a particular specification. To demonstrate this compliance, the supplier can
furnish documentation which describes all important characteristic of the materials.
This documentation in metals sometimes referred to as MTR which is an abbreviation
in material (or MILL) Test Report. This document is a statement by the manufacturer
that the particular item exhibit specific chemical and mechanical properties.
Handling of Tools and Equipments
Issued tools and equipments in the shop needs proper control and maintenance.
Regular or periodic inspections must be done in order not to hamper the production
outputs on the daily basis. Tools that are not fit for use must be reported and marked
defective for immediate replacement. Malfunctioning machines and equipment must be
repaired urgently to avoid production output loses.

Self Check 3.1
LO3: Protect the Companys and Customers Interest
1. A document that provides information of company operations which includes the

abstract presentation of the sites, buildings, facilities, products and quality
procedures.
A. inspection manual
B. standard manual
C. company manual
D. record manual
2. Processes and quality requirements are both tailored in the agreement between
the.
A. manufacturer and client

B. company and workers
C. inspector and production
D. all of the above
3. Workers and welders while performing their duties in the production area are
prone to hazards. The protective device for them is
A. safety glass
B. gas mask
C. welding gloves
D. goggles
4. One of the four (4) reasons why do we keep records intact anytime
A. Records for pre-qualification test of welders. Procedures and non-

destructive test for future referral
B. For products file
C. Record purposes of quality control unit
D. All of the above
5. The department or section in the manufacturer that is in-charge for the

implementation of the program of works/activities for production
A. Quality Control Department

B. Production Department
C. Promotional Department
D. All of the above
References
Welding Principles and Application by Larry Jeffus and Harold V. John

HIGH SCHOOLS
Unit of Competency: PERFORM INDUSTRY CALCULATION
Module No.: 3 Module Title: PERFORMING INDUSTRY CALCULATIONS

Unit of Competency Perform Industry Calculations
Module Title Performing Industry Calculations
INTRODUCTION:
This module contains information, suggested learning exercises and activities on

performing industry calculations it includes instruction and procedure on how to
perform industry calculations .
Completion of this module will help you better understand the succeeding
module on Welding fillet weld on carbon steel plates.
This module consists of four (4) learning outcomes .Each learning out come
contain activities supported by instruction sheets. Read the information sheets and
answer self-check and activities provided to asses your competency by your teacher
that you have acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the
particular learning outcome.
Upon completing this module, report to your teacher for assessment to check
your achievement of knowledge and skills requirements of this module. If you pass the
assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion:
EXPECTED OUTCOMES: Upon completion of the module the students should be

able to:
LO1 Perform four (4) fundamental operations

LO2 Convert measurements from one unit to another
LO3 Perform calculation on algebraic expressions
LO4 Compute Percentage and ratio
xv
PRE-TEST
A. Identify the following given formula
1. A= bh
2. C=2r
3. A= ap
4. P= a+b+c
5. P= 2l+2w
B. CONVERT THE FOLLOWING:
1. 1 centimeter = __________ inch

2. 10 millimeter = __________ inch
3. 1 meter = __________ yard
4. 36 inches = __________ centimeter
5. 20 yards = __________ feet
C. Convert the following fraction to decimal.
1. 1/6 =___________
2. 3/8 =___________
3. =___________
4. =___________
5. 5/8 =__________
D. Write the ratio and proportion of the following numbers given below.
1. __________
2. 5 and 10 __________
3. 6 notebooks to 3 apples ___________
4. 6 and 10, 3 and 9 ___________
5. 20 and 30 __________
16
Unit of Competency Perform Industry Calculations
Module Title Performing Industry Calculations
Learning Outcome 1: Perform four (4) fundamental calculation
INTRODUCTION
This lesson covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required for
performing four fundamental calculation involving whole numbers, mixed numbers,
fractions and decimal.
Assessment Criteria
1) Simple calculations involving whole numbers, mixed numbers, fractions and

decimal are performed using the four fundamental operations.
Definition of Terms
Ratio is a comparison of two numbers. We generally separate the two numbers in the
ratio with a colon.
Proportion is an equation with a ratio on each side. It is the statement that two ratios
are equal
Percentage Refer to Information Sheet No. 4.
Metric Measurement See Information Sheet No. 4.
English Measurement See Information Sheet No. 4.
Algebraic Expression is made up of sign and symbol algebra. These symbol include
the Arabic numerals, literal numbers, signs of operation and
so forth.
Calculation is an act of computing one unit to another using the four
fundamental and complex operation.
Area an extent of space especially of ground or surface thats is distinguishable
from its surrounding in appearance or in certain distinctive feature.
1
Length This is distance from one point to another.
Centimeter This is equivalent to 1/100 and its symbol is cm.
Millimeter This is equivalent to 1/1000 and its symbol is mm.
2
PERFORM FOUR (4) FUNDAMENTAL OPERATION
Formulas of finding solid figures and plane figures
- Triangle sum of angle measures

A+B+C = 180 degrees, where A,B and C are the angles of a triangle
- Perimeter of a square
P = 4s, where s is the length of one side of the square
- Area of square
A = s2, where s is the length of one side of the square
- Area of rectangle
A = lw, where l is the length and w is the width
- Area of parallelogram
A = bh, where b is the length of the base and h is the height of the
parallelogram
- Area of trapezoid
A = h (b1 + b2), where h is the height of the trapezoid and
b1 and b2 are the length of the bases
- Area of regular polygon
A = ap, where a the apothem and p is perimeter of the polygon
- Regular Polygon- sum of angle measures

S = 180 (n 2), where n is the number of the polygon sides
- Circumference of a circle
C = 2r, where r the radius of a circle
- Area of circle
A = r2 where r is the radius of a circle
3
PRACTICE SOLVING OF SOLID AND PLANE FIGURES
Perimeter - is the measure of the sides of the polygon
1. Perimeter of a Triangle
Remember;
Perimeter of a Triangle with sides a,b,c
a=8 cm c=12 cm
P = a+b+c
b=15 cm
Thus, P=8+15+12
=35 cm
2. Perimeter of a Rectangle
1.5 m.
2.5 m.
A rectangular base plate has a width 1.5 m and a length of 2.5 m .

How many meters of cut plate should be purchase?
Thus, P = 2(2.5) + (2) (1.5) Remember;

Perimeter of a rectangle with length
= 5+ 3 L and width W
= 8 m Plate
P = 2l + 2w
3. Perimeter of a Square
A Metal is a square. One side is 45.5 cm. What is the perimeter

of the square?
45.5 cm.
4
A square has four equal sides. Perimeter can be found simply by
multiplying one side by 4.
P = 4S
Thus,P = 4(45.5) = 182 cm., so that
4. Area of Square
Remember all sides of square are equal.If one side of a square

is 5.5 meters,then the area of a square is;
A = 5.5 x 5.5 Remember:

= (5.5) Area of square = S
= 30.25 m
5. Area of Parallelogram
A F D
B E C
In the height is the length of an altitude.
This is the segment perpendicular to the
bases. Two altitudes are drawn to the
bases and AD in ABCD. These
altitude AE and FC are equal.
A base plate in the form of a parallelogram. If its base is

2.5 meters and its height is 3 meters. How many square
meters is the plate?
Since area of a rectangle is length times width (A=L x W)

and the length and width of the rectangle corresponds respectively
to the base and altitude of the parallelogram.
Thus,
A = 2.5 x 3
= 7.5 m area of the plate
Remember:
Area of Parallelogram
A =bxh
5
5. Area of a Trapezoid
E S
Trapezoid is a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of

parallel sides.
B T
Two parallel side of the quadrilateral are the bases and the two non-
parallel side are the legs. The two angles that included the base
are called base angles. Every trapezoid has two pairs of base angle.
Find the area of a trapezoid whose altitude is 8cm. and

whose bases are 10 cm and 6 cm
The figure PQTS with corresponding measures. The altitude

is 8 cm and the bases are 10 cm and 5 cm.
Area of a Trapezoid Solve:

A= h (b1 + b2) A= (8) (10+5)
= 4(10+5)
= 4(15)
= 60 m area of the trapezoid
6
1. Area of the Triangle
Figure ABCD is a rectangle; diagonal is drawn on the rectangle

that divides it into two congruent triangles. Hence, these two
triangles have equal areas and the area of its triangle is one
half that of rectangle.
The sides of a roof trusses are triangular in shape. If each

side has a base which measures 6 meters and an altitude
which measures 3.2 meters. What is the area?
A = (6 x 3.2)
= (91.2)
= 9.6 m the area of each triangular roof trusses
7. Area of a Rectangle
A glass top of an office table has a length of 105 cm and a

width of 61 cm. What is its surface area?
Remember:
Area of the Rectangle
61 cm A=LxW
105 cm.
A = 105 x 61
= 6. 405 cm
8. Area of Circle
7
Find an approximation for the area of the circle with 6 cm diameter.
Height = r
Base = r
Figure formed resembles a parallelogram. The base is

approximately equal to the half of the circumference of the circular
region
Area of the 16 pcs is equal = Area of the parallelogram.

=bxh
= rxr
= r
Thus, r is approximately equal to the area of a circle with

a radius (r)
Solve:
A = r
= (3)
= 9 cm or 28.27 cm
10. Circumference of a Circle
C = d or C = 2 r
8
Self Check 1.1
PERFORM FOUR (4) FUNDAMENTAL OPERATION
Direction: Write your answer on a separate answer sheet.
A. Identify the following given formula
1. A= bh
2. C=2r
3. A= ap
4. P= a+b+c
5. P= 2l+2w
B. Solve the following problem.
1. Find the perimeter of a triangular plate whose side A is 20 cm, side B is

15 cm and side C is 25 cm.
2. Find the area of a cut square plate with side measure of 30 cm.
3. Find the area of a circle whose measure is 0.5 meter in diameter.
REFERENCES:
Merriam Webster Dictionary of Synonyms, Copyright 1984, by Merriam

Webster, Incorporated
General Woodworking by Kris Grownman
Welding Technology, Second Edition, by Gower A. Kennedy
9
Program/Course: Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NCI
Unit of Competency: Perform Industry Calculation
Module Title: Performing industry calculation
Learning Outcome 2: Convert one unit of measurement to another.
INTRODUCTION
This lesson covers the knowledge skills and attitude require for converting
one unit of measurement to another in correct procedure.
Assessment Criteria
1. Units are converted to the required figure using given formula.
2. English measurement are converted to metric measurement according

to procedure.
ratio with a colon.
are equal
so forth.
10
INFORMATION SHEET # . 2.1
CONVERT MEASUREMENT FROM ONE UNIT TO ANOTHER
CONVERSION TABLE FROM ENGLISH TO METRIC UNITS
WHEN YOU KNOW YOU CAN FIND IF YOU MULTIPLY

BY
LENGTH INCHES MILLIMETERS 25.400

YARDS METER 0.914
MILES KILOMETER 1.609
METRIC AND ENLISH EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENT
MEASURE AND LENGTHS
39.37 inches
1. meter = 3.28083 feet
1.09361 yards
0.3048 meter = 1 foot

1 centimeter = 0.3937 inch
2.54 centimeter = 1 inch
1 millimeter = 0.03937 inch
25.4 millimeter = 1 inch
1 kilometer = 1093.61 yards or .62137 mile
11
MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS OF DECIMAL AND FRACTIONS OF AN INCH
FRACTION DECIMALS MILLIMETER
1/16 0.0625 1.588

3/16 0.1875 4.762
1/4 0.2500 6.350
5/16 0.1325 7.938
3/8 0.3750 9.525
7/16 0.4375 11.112
1/2 0.5000 12.700
9/16 0.5625 14.288
5/8 0.6250 15.875
11/16 0.6875 17.462
3/4 0.7500 19.050
13/16 0.8125 20.638
7/8 0.8750 22.225
15/16 0.9375 23..812
1 1.0000 25.400
12
Self Check # . 2.1
Convert one unit of measurement to another.
DIRECTION: ANSWER SET A AND B TEST, WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON THE SPACE
PROVIDED.
A. CONVERT THE FOLLOWING:
1. 1 centimeter = __________ inch

2. 10 millimeter = __________ inch
3. 1 meter = __________ yard
4. 36 inches = __________ centimeter
5. 20 yards = __________ feet
6. 3 centimeter = __________ millimeter
7. 1 decimeter = __________ centimeter
8. 3 kilometer = __________ miles
9. 1 inch = __________ millimeter
10. 100 centimeter = __________ meter
B. Convert the following fraction to decimal.
1. 1/6 =___________
2. 3/8 =___________
3. =___________
4. =___________
5. 5/8 =__________
REFERENCES:

13
Learning Outcome 3: Perform calculation on algebraic expressions
INTRODUCTION
This lesson covers the knowledge skills and attitude required in performing
calculation on algebraic expressions following correct procedures.
Assessment Criteria
1. Simple calculations are performed using the four fundamental operation on

algebraic
expressions.
2. Simple transposition of formula to isolate the variable are carried out involving the
four
fundamental operations.
3. Appropriate formula are applied and results are obtained in accordance with job
specifications.
ratio with a colon.
are equal
so forth.
14
15
PERFORM CALCULATION ON ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION
An algebraic expression is made up of the signs and symbols in algebra. These

symbols include the arabic numerals, literal numbers, the signs of operation and so
forth.
Such an expression represents one number or one quantity. Thus, just as the
sum of 4 and 2 is one quantity, that is, 6, the sum of c and d is one quantity, that is, c
= c + d. Likewise a/b, b, ab, a-b, and so forth, are algebraic expression each of which
represents one quantity or number.
An expression containing only one term, such as 3ab, is called monomial (mono
means one). A binomial contains two terms, for example, 2r + by. A trinomial consists
of three terms. Any expression containing to or more terms may also be called by the
general name, polynomial (poly means many). Usually special names are not given to
polynomials of more than three times. The expressions x3 3x2 + 7x + 1 is a
polynomial of four terms. The trinomial x2 + 2x + 1 is an exmple of polynomial which
has a special name.
In general, a coefficient of a term of any factor or group of factors by which the

remainder of the term is to be multiflied. Thus in term 2axy, 2ax is the coeficient of y,
2a is coefficient of xy, and 2 is the coefficient af axy. The word (coefficient) is usally
used in reference to that factor which is expressed in arabic numerals. This factor is
sometimes called numeral coefficient. The numeral coefficient is customarily written as
the first factor of the term.
16
Self Check # 3.1
Perform calculation on algebraic expressions
DIRECTION: Identify each of the following expression as a monomial,

binomial, trinomial or polynomial. Write your answer
in another sheet.
1. x 6. xy
2. abx 7. 2y + 1
3. 3y + 4 8. 4 + 2b + y + 2
4. xy ab 9. ab2 + 3c + 2b
5. 3y + a+ b 10. cb + 2a + c
REFERENCES:

17
Module Title: Performing industry calculation
Learning Outcome 4: Compute percentage and ratio.
INTRODUCTION
This lesson covers the knowledge skills and attitude require for computing
percentage and ratio using appropriate formula.
Assessment Criteria
1. Percentage is computed based on its formula.
2. Ratio and proportion are computed using appropriate formula.
ratio with a colon.
are equal
so forth.
18
INFORMATION SHEET # . 4.1
COMPUTE PERCENTAGE AND RATIO
A ratio is a comparison of two numbers. We generally separate the two numbers

in the:
Ratio with a colon ( : ). Suppose we want to write the ratio of 8 and 12.
We can write this as 8:12 or as a fraction 8/12, and we say the ratio is eight to twelve
Example:
Fred has 10 pcs of E-7018, 20 pieces of E-6013, and 5 pieces of E-6011.
1) What is the ratio of E-7018 to E-6013 and E-6013 to E-6011?

In determining the ratio< it is equal to 10/20 or and 20/5 or 4.
Proportion
A proportion is an equation with a ratio on each side. It is the statement that two
ratios are equal.
3/4 = 6/8 is an example of a proportion.
When one of the four numbers in a proportion is unknown, cross products may be
used to find the unknown number. This could solve the proportion. Question marks or
letters are frequently used in place of the unknown number.
Example:
Solve for n: = n/4.

Using cross products we see that 2 x n =1 x 4 = 4, so 2 x n = 4. Dividing both sides by
2, n = 4 2 so that n = 2.
How to Calculate percentage?
The simplest way to calculate percentage is to divide amount by the total amount and
then multiplying the answer by 100 to get the percentage of the given amount with
respect the total amount.
The equation can be put as follows:

(given amount/ total amount) x100
For example if John score 60 out of 75 in STVEP we can find the percentage of his
marks by dividing 60 by 75 which come to be 0.8 and then multiplying it by 100 which
gives as the percentage of his marks in STVEP which is 80%. (60/75) x 100 = 80%
19
When there are a number of given amounts (variables) and we have to find their
individual percentage then we have to add the given amounts to determine the total
amount after which by the above mentioned procedure we can easily find the individual
percentage by dividing each given amount by the total amount and then multiplying it
by 100.
Percentage questions are often worded in different ways like how much is x% of y (80%
of 75). Using the above example we can find the answer by multiplying 75 by 80 and
then dividing the amount by 100 to find the answer which is 60. To calculate
percentage increase or decrease between two numbers just subtract the smaller
number from the greater and then divide the answer by the original one and then
multiply it by 100 to determine the percentage increase or decrease. For example, to
calculate the percentage increase from 20 to 30 we subtract 20 from 30 and then,
divide the number obtained which is 10 by the original number which is 20 and then
multiply the obtained number which is 0.5 by 100 to get the percentage increase which
is 50%.
20
Self Check # 4.1
Compute percentage and ratio.
DIRECTION: Write your answer on the other sheet of paper.
A. Write the ratio and proportion of the following numbers given below.
1. __________
2. 5 and 10 __________
3. 6 notebooks to 3 apples ___________
4. 6 and 10, 3 and 9 ___________
5. 20 and 30 ___________
6. 10/50 ___________
7. ratio of 8 and 12 ____________
8. , 5/8
9. Write the ratio of is equal to 3/4 ___________
10. 2 to 3 and 5 to 6 are proportion _________.
B. Compute percentage.
STVEP welding class of 10 students took the 30 items test on knowledge

skills on NC1 certification. Each of them gained different scores in the test. Compute
the percentage result of each score listed below.
1. Juan 20 _________%
2. Pedro 18 _________%
3. Mark 15 ________%
4. Jude 25 ________%
5. Jack 28 _________%
6. Jose 23 _________%
7. Celito 21 _________%
8. Pedring 26 _________%
9. James 29 _________%
10. Nick 17 _________%
REFERENCES:

21
HIGH SCHOOLS
Unit of Competency: WELD CARBON STEEL PLATES ( 1F-4F )
Module Title: WELDING FILLET WELD ON CARBON STEEL

Module No.: 4
PLATES
22
Program/ Course: Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC I
Unit of Competency: Weld Carbon Steel Plates
Module Title: Welding Fillet on Carbon Steel Plates
INTRODUCTION:
This module contains information and suggested learning activities Welding Fillet
on Carbon Steel Plate. It includes instructions and procedure on how to weld carbon
steel plates in fillet weld, flat position. (1F to 4F)
Completion of this module will help you understand the succeeding module on
groove welding.
This module consists of four (4) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains
learning activities with instruction sheets. Before you follow the instruction, read the
information sheets and answer the self-check and activities provided to assess your
competence by your teacher. He/she will check if you have acquired the knowledge
necessary to perform the skill portion of the particular learning outcome.
Upon completing this module, report to your teacher for assessment. If you pass the
assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Upon completion of the module the trainees/students should be able to:
LO.1 Weld Carbon Steel Plates

Flat Position (1F)
Horizontal Position (2F)
in Vertical Position (3F)
in Overhead Position (4F)
23
PRE-TEST
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer. Use a separate answer sheet.
1. An angle of electrode for welding vertical position
a. 10 - 15
b. 10 - 20
c. 20 - 25
d. 15 - 20
2. The size of electrode used for the welding training.
a. 4.0 mm
b. 3.25 mm
c. 3.0 mm
d. 4.5 mm
3. The weldable arc length for welding?
a. 4.0 5.0 mm
b. 3.0 3.5 mm
c. 6.0 6.5 mm
d. 2.0 2.5 mm
4. Appropriate current for 3.25 mm diameter size of E-7015?
a. 110 130 amperes

b. 60 70 amperes
c. 150 200 amperes
d. 80 100 amperes
5. Electrode coating is pertaining to?
a. electrode covering
b. slag
c. pulver
d. CO2
Enumerate the Five (5) essentials of welding:

1)_______________________________________
2)_______________________________________
3)_______________________________________
4)_______________________________________
5)_______________________________________
24
Module Title Welding Fillet on Carbon Steel Plates
Learning Outcome 1: Welding carbon steel plates in flat-fillet position(1F)
INTRODUCTION
This lesson covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required for welding
carbon steel plates in flat-fillet position (1F) in accordance with welding standards.
Allowable tolerance on weld capping and root pass is observed in conformity with the
welding code and standard for:
a. leg size
b. reinforcement weld
c. under fill
d. porosities
e. undercut
f. weld cracks
g. cold laps
Uniformity of bead ripples is observed in accordance with welding standards

Weld beads are deposited in conformity with welding standards.
Finished weldment is performed based on acceptable welding standards for:
Spatters
Slag
Uniformity of beads
Under cut
Crack
Under fill
Definition of Terms
1F- welding Fillet in Flat Position
SMAW.-Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Toe of the weld -junction of the face of the weld and the base metal
Bead- a narrow layer or layers of metal deposited on the base metal when it
melts
Alternating Current- a flow of current with a regularly fluctuating and
i
reversing polarity (60 cycle per seconds)
Convex weld- a weld with protruding capping appearance.
Electrode- a metal having approximately the same composition as the base

metal to be welded
Face of weld- the exposed surface of the weld
Direct current- a current which flows only in one direction
Fillet weld- is formed by two pieces of metal whose welded surfaces are
approximately 90 degrees to each other
ii
INFORMATION SHEET No. 1.1
Welding Carbon Steel Plates (1F-4F)
The knowledge of information you gained in the essentials of welding fillets in

carbon steel plates is an initial step to follow.
From there the basic information that will have to developed from the discussion
could be used for the succeeding activities.
Essentials of Welding Carbon Steel Plates (1F-4F)
I. Work Safety
Safety requirements are needed prior to welding.
Wear appropriate welding uniform as prescribed to the welders;
Do not clean weld surface of metals, through grinding, brushing
and chipping without eye and body protection;
Use tools, equipment and materials properly in welding fillets (1F-
4F).
II. Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) for Welding Carbon Steel.
A. Choosing the right electrodes
Use electrode type according to its classification and specification
Determine welding current available of your welding machine
(SMAW) and match with the electrode requirements.
Heavy materials in SMAW must require electrodes with high
current.
Deep penetration electrodes requires for edges not beveled and the
preparation with no gap fit up.
Deep penetrating electrode is used for welding close butt joint.
Some electrodes are designed for specific position welding
Some job specifications may indicate class of electrodes to be used
and based on the service requirements. (e.g. cost limit, desired
tensile strength.
Use low heat input electrodes for welding joint that requires pre-
heat, post heat procedures.
Use ordinary class of electrodes for non-critical welds and quality
electrodes for critical weld joints.
III. Correct Size of Electrodes

Size and diameter of electrode is determined in core diameter, in weld
position of the electrode. Some factors to consider is using correct
diameter size and as follows:
Service condition
Thickness of Metal
Joint design/details
Welding position
IV. Correct Current Setting and Adjustment

Current setting and adjustment for welding could be referred to specified
welding procedure specification and another option is the manufacturers
recommended current based in the electrode diameter.
3
V. Arc Length
Arc length is an essential factor in producing a sound weld. Too long arc
dissipates the arc for the result is less concentration of heat in the work.
The arc tends to be wobbly and difficult to maintain the weld deposit that
causes to:
Excessive spattering
Greater porosities
Harmful effect from nitrogen and oxygen in the air
VI. Travel Speed

Once the arc length and current is maintained the speed at which
electrode moves will now determine the soundness and appearance of the
weld bead. Too light speed will result in incomplete fusion ( less time to
melt the base metal) with slag inclusions and gas holes, especially in fillet
welds, as there is not enough peddling time to allow these impurities to
escape to the surface. Too slow speed is a waste of time and electrodes,
the metal files up and the slag may crowd the arc and smoother it.
VII. Electrode Angle

Angle of electrode varies in different degrees when welding metals. The
electrode manufacturers have recommended the appropriate angle of the
electrode for position welding such as:
Flat Position - 10 - 15
Horizontal Position - 20 - 25
Vertical Position (uphill) - 10 - 20
Overhead Position - 10 - 15
Vertical (Downward) - 30
4
SELF CHECK 1.1
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer. Use a separate answer sheet.
1. An angle of electrode for welding vertical position
e. 10 - 15
f. 10 - 20
g. 20 - 25
h. 15 - 20
2. The size of electrode used for the welding training.
a. 4.0 mm
b. 3.25 mm
c. 3.0 mm
d. 4.5 mm
3. The weldable arc length for welding?
a. 4.0 5.0 mm
b. 3.0 3.5 mm
c. 6.0 6.5 mm
d. 2.0 2.5 mm
4. Appropriate current for 3.25 mm diameter size of E-7015?
a. 110 130 amperes

b. 60 70 amperes
c. 150 200 amperes
d. 80 100 amperes
5. Electrode coating is pertaining to?
a. electrode covering
b. slag
c. pulver
d. CO2
REFERENCES
Welding Inspection Technology, Education Department, American Welding

Society, Inc.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Training Manual
Welding Technology,Second Edition , Gower A. Kennedy
Welding Principal and Application, Larry Jeffus Harold V. Johnson
5
Module Title Welding Fillet on Carbon Steel Plates
Learning Outcome 2 Welding carbon steel plates in horizontal -fillet

position(2F)
INTRODUCTION
This lesson covers the knowledge , skills and attitude required for welding
carbon steel plates in horizontal-fillet position (2F) in accordance with welding
standards.
h. leg size
i. reinforcement weld
j. under fill
k. porosities
l. undercut
m. weld cracks
n. cold laps

Spatters
Slag
Uniformity of beads
Under cut
Crack
Under fill
Definition of Terms
melts

6
metal to be welded
7
JOB SHEET 2.1
Weld carbon steel plate (1F)
Steps in welding carbon steel plates (1F)

1. Assemble the plates to form a T-Joint
Note:
Two sides (surface) in contact must
be clean and fit properly
2. Tack two ends first and at the center
Note:
The tacking of at least 10mm long.
Tack weld with acceptable welding
3. Weld complete single pass deposit
Note:
Weld at this position (flat).
Use 3.25mm electrode
Weld at 70 travel angle and 45
work angle
See information sheets no.1 for
further detail
8
4. Check the appearance of the weld after welding.
Note:
Profile of weld
Size of weld
Appearance of ripples
Squareness of plate
9
ACTIVITY 2.1
Single pass fillet weld in flat position
Target:
To weld a single pass fillet weld in flat position. The bead should not exceed the
required side and of equal leg lengths profile not concave nor convex with fine ripples
and welded plates are perpendicular to each other
Material/supplies
1. 2pcs.weld Steel plates 10mm X75mm X150mm
2. 5pcs. E-6013- 3,25mm
Tools and Equipment:

1. AC or DC welding machine with accessories
2. Shipping hammer
3. Steel brush
4. Welding gloves
5. Welding apron
6. Welding helmet/shield
7. Fillet gage
8. Portable grinder
10
SELF-CHECK # 2.1
Rate the quality of your weld using the marking schedule provided below and record
the marks in the marking table. Subtract the total marks from 30 points which is the
highest rating
The passing mark is 20 point

Marking Table
Criteria Mark subtracted
1.Profile
2.Size
3.Ripples
4.Plate squareness
Total marks subtracted

Final points =30- total marks subtracted
=30- ________
Final points =30-_________
Marking schedule
1. Profile
Subtract 3 marks in each millimeter of concavity and convexity
2. Size
Take several measurements of the leg lengths and compute
the average of L1 andL2
Weld size (length)
S: Size required
L: Actual Leg Length
average.
Note:
If 70 % of weld size is achieve from the 100% of the lesser thickness of two plates
is considered acceptable (as per code)
Subtract I mark in each millimeter difference between S and L and again in he
difference S and L2. subtract 2 marks for each millimeter difference between L1
and L2.
REFERENCES

Society, Inc.
11
12
ACTIVITY 2.2
Single pass fillet weld in horizontal position
Target:
To weld a single pass fillet weld in horizontal position. The bead should not
exceed the required side and of equal leg lengths profile not concave nor convex with
fine ripples and welded plates are perpendicular to each other
Material/supplies
1. 2pcs.weld Steel plates 10mm X75mm X150mm
2. 5pcs. E-6013- 3,25mm
Tools and Equipment:

1. AC or DC welding machine with accessories
2. Chipping hammer
3. Steel brush
4. Gloves
5. Apron
6. Welding helmet/shield
7. Fillet gauge
8. Portable grinder
13
JOB SHEET 2.2
Weld carbon steel plate (2F)
Steps in welding carbon steel plates (2F)

1. Assemble the plates to form a T-Joint
Note:
Two sides (surface) in contact must be clean and fit properly
2. Tack two ends first and at the center
Note:
The tacking of at least 10mm long.
Tack weld with acceptable welding
3. weld complete single pass deposit
Note:
Weld at this position (flat).
Use 3.25mm electrode
Weld at 70 travel angle and 45
work angle
See information sheets no.1 for
further detail
14
4. Check the appearance of the weld after welding.
Note:
Profile of weld
Size of weld
Appearance of ripples
Squareness of plate
15
SELF-CHECK # 2.2
Rate the quality of your weld using the making schedule provided below and
record the marks in the marking table. Subtract the total marks from 30 points which
is the highest rating

Marking Table
1.Profile
2.Size
3.Ripples
4.Plate squareness

=30- ________
Marking schedule
1. Profile
2. Size
Weld size (length)
S: Size required
average.
Note:
If 70 % of weld size is achieve from the 100% of the lesser thickness of two plates
is considered acceptable (as per code)
difference S and L2. subtract 2 marks for each millimeter difference between L1
and L2.
16
Module Title Welding Fillet Weld on Carbon Steel Plates
Learning Outcome 3 Welding Carbon Steel Plates in Vertical Fillet

Position (3F)
INTRODUCTION
carbon steel plates in vertical-fillet position (3F) in accordance with welding standards.
o. leg size
p. reinforcement weld
q. under fill
r. porosities
s. undercut
t. weld cracks
u. cold laps

Spatters
Slag
Uniformity of beads
Under cut
Crack
Under fill
Definition of Terms
melts


metal to be welded
17
18
ACTIVITY SHEET No. 3.1
LO 3. Weld Carbon Steel Plates in Vertical Position (3F)
Vertical Position (3F)
Procedure:
1. Move electrode straight upward and use a shorter arc than

commonly used for other type of welds.
2. A slight movement of electrode is used.
3. At all times, speed travel must be fast enough to prevent molten metal.
4. Electrode size depends upon the thickness of metal being welded and
the current setting.
5. It is advisable to use smaller diameter of electrode.
6. Not much molten metal is deposited at one time and the deposited
metal cools more rapidly.
7. Gravity does not pull the molten metal down before it has time to cool
off.
19
20
JOB SHEET No. 3.1
Weld Carbon Steel Plates in Vertical Fillet Position (3F)
Vertical Position (3F) Downward
Materials:
1. metal steel plate (10mmx100cmx150cm)

2. welding electrode (E-6013 1/8dia.)
Equipments:
1. Welding table
2. SMAW (AC/DC welding machine)
3. Portable grinder
4. Welding booth
Tools/Accessories:
1. Welding mask
2. Steel brush
3. Chipping hammer
4. Clear and dark glasses
5. Welding apron
6. Welding gloves
7. Fillet gauge
Steps:
1. Assemble the plate to make a T-joint.
2. Put the made T-joint on the top of the welding table.
3. Set the welding machine range 85-110 ampere.
21
4. Use appropriate safety welding apparel.
5. Strike an arc to one side of the corner at the bottom of the joint.
6. When depositing weld bead by manipulating the electrode follow the

illustrated pattern.
7. Remove slag and continue depositing bead for second pass.
22
8. Make size of the fillet weld for vertical position apply in T-joint
measured at about 7mm width and 7mm in height.
9. Observe safety precaution.
23
SELF-CHECK # 3.1
Rate the quality of your weld using the marking schedule provided below and record
the marks in the marking table. Subtract the total marks from 30 points which is the
highest rating

Marking Table
1.Profile
2.Size
3.Ripples
4.Plate squareness

=30- ________
Marking schedule
1. Profile
2. Size
Weld size (length)
S: Size required
average.
Note:
If 70 % of weld size out 100% of the lesser thickness of two plates is considered
acceptable (as per code)
difference S and L2, subtract 2 marks for each millimeter difference between L1 and L
24
Module Title: Welding Fillet on Carbon Steel Plates
Learning Outcome 4 Weld carbon steel plates in Overhead Fillet position

(4F)
INTRODUCTION
carbon steel plates in overhead-fillet position (4F) in accordance with welding
standards.
Assessment Criteria
1. Allowable tolerance on weld capping and root pass is observed in conformity with the
v. leg size
w. under fill
x. porosities
y. under cut cracks
z. cold laps
2. Uniformity of bead ripples is observed in accordance with welding standards
3. Weld beads are deposited in conformity with welding standards.
4. Finished weldment is performed based on acceptable welding standards for:
spatters
Arc strikes
Slag
Uniformity of beads
Definition of Terms
melts


metal to be welded
25
26
ACTIVITY SHEET 4.1
Weld Carbon Steel Plates in Overhead Fillet Position (4F)
Overhead Position (4F)
Procedure:
1. Two pieces of metal used for fillet practice should be 4-6 mm thick or
more.
2. The electrode is hold at a 60 degree angle from the horizontal leg for the
first pass.
3. On the second pass the electrode is hold 60 degree angle from the
vertical leg.
4. The size of the finished fillet should not be over 4-6 mm.
5. The deposited metal should be kept at a minimum thickness and

width.
6. Deposited bead should be parallel to each other.
7. Single pass fillet from 4-6 mm to 9.5 mm can be welded using circular
weave.
8. The electrode is slanted from the vertical, ahead of the weld and in the
direction of welding.
27
Weld Carbon Steel Plates in Overhead Position (4F)
Overhead Position (4F)
Materials:
1. mild steel plate (10mmx100cmx150cm)

2. welding electrode ( E-6013 1/8dia.)
Equipment:
1. welding stand
2. SMAW (AC/DC) with accessories
3. portable grinder
4. welding booth
Tools/Accessories:
1. welding mask
2. steel brush
3. clear and dark glasses
4. chipping hammer
5. welding apron
6. fillet gauge
7. welding gloves
Steps:
1. Assemble the plate to make a T-joint.
28
2. Clamp the plate into the welding stand for over head position.
3. Set the welding machine range 80-100 amperes.

4. Use appropriate safety gadget and position yourself comfortably with
electrode cable loaded to your shoulder.
5. Strike the arc and hold the electrode by the electrode holder at about 35-40
degrees from the vertical plate and 70-75 degrees travel angle and maintain a
normal arc.
6. Deposit the weld bead by manipulating the electrode using a circular weaving
for first pass.
29
7. Remove slag and continue depositing bead for second pass.
8. Make the size of the fillet weld for overhead position applies in T-joint at
about 7mm in width and 7mm in height.

Note: read information sheet #1 on work safety
30
SELF CHECK 4.1
The marking system below will guide you in assessing the quality of your weld.
Follow the marking schedule in rating your weld and record the marks of your marking
table provided for the purpose. Subtract the total mark from 30 points which is the
highest rating to determine your final points.
THE PASSING MARK IS 10 POINTS
MARKING TABLE
CRITERIA MARKS SUBTRACTED
1. Straightness
2. Width of bead
3. Height of bead
4. Ripple
TOTAL MARKS SUBTRACTED

FINAL POINTS = 30 total marks subtracted
30-________________________
FINAL POINTS = _________________________
MARKING SCHEDULE
1. Straightness
Subtract 1 mark for each degree of deflections from the line of weld
2. Width of bead
Subtract 2 marks for each 10mm length of bead which is 1 mm less than or
more than the bead width of 8mm
3 Height of bead
Subtract 2 marks for 10 mm length of bead which exceeds the bead height of
3mm.
4. Ripple
Subtract 3 points for uneven and coarse ripple.
REFERENCES

Society, Inc.
31
32
33

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Republic of the Philippines

Unit of Competency: INTERPRET DRAWINGS AND SYMBOLS

Module No.: 1 Module Title: INTERPRETING DRAWINGS AND SYMBOLS

Module Title: Interpreting Drawing and Symbols

This module contains information and suggested learning activities on

Upon completing this module, report to your competence teacher for

Upon completion of the module the students should be able to:

LO1 Identify Standard Alphabet of Lines;

5. Used to show the visible shape of the object.

6.This gives the total thickness, width, and length of an object.

7.Dimensions should be placed

8.Figures or numbers are located

9.When will you apply outside dimensioning?

10.When locating dimension between circles, dimension is placed

11.Which of the following is preferred rule of dimensioning?

13.What should be the approximate thickness of dimension lines compared to

17.View that is directly behind the rear view.

18.View directly observed beneath the front view.

19What is the appearance of a line inclined to the plane of projection?

20. A surface parallel to the plane of projection will appear as

21. These are the parts to be joined or assembled through welding.

Learning Outcome 1: Identify Standard Alphabet of Lines

1. Alphabet of lines are identified according to International Standard Organization

2. Alphabet of lines are clearly explained according to their uses.

Weld Symbol- it indicates the require type of weld and

Tolerance- is the total amount of variation permitted for the

Symbol -is a figure or character used in place of a word

Arrow Side- is a weld symbol that is written above the

Other Side- is a weld symbol that is written above the

Both Side- is a weld symbol that is written above and

Reference Line- is written horizontally forming an obtuse

Concave- is a curve inward (see contour symbol).

Convex- is a curve outward (see contour symbol).

Tail- is a part of an arrow symbol on a welding blue

Identify Standard Alphabet of Lines

__ _____ __ _____ __ ______ __

5. Dimension Line. Lines used to indicate the measurement of objects. It

__________ ____ __________

__________ __ __ ________ __ __ __________

2. The purpose of this line is to indicate where an imaginary cut is

3. Series of fine lines-solid or solid and broken arranged in specific

5. Used to show the visible shape of the object.

Welding Inspection Technology, Education Department, American

Welding Principles and Application by Larry Jeffus and Harold V.

Learning Outcome 2: Identify Orthographic and Isometric Views

1. Orthographic and isometric are clearly explained.

2. Orthographic and isometric drawings are identified based on plan.

Drawing - illustrating objects using drawing instruments

Orthographic View -refers to the different position of the object used in

Isometric Drawing Pictorial drawing in which the horizontal lines are

Dimension lines -is used to indicate the measurements of objects.

Identify Orthographic and Isometric Views

Orthographic View Sketching

Figure can be viewed in three ways:

The Six Orthographic Views

C. Top View. Top view is directly above the front view.

D. Bottom View. View directly observed beneath the front view. It is

4. When a line or an edge is viewed perpendicularly to a plane of projection

7. A surface perpendicular to the plane of projection will appear as a line or

8. A surface parallel to the plane or projection will be shown in its exact or

9. A surface inclined to the plane of projection will also appear as a surface

Identify Orthographic and Isometric View

Sketching Orthographic Views

Sample orthographic views:

_ _ __