:- Classnfication of Piles based on their Liad carrying characteristcs :

. Piles are classified Based on load carrying characteristics or mode of transfer of l

classified as under

I. End bearing Piles

2. Friction Piles

3. Combined end bearing and friction Piles

A). Combined End Bearing and Friction Piles :

These Piles transfer the load by a combination of end bearing at the bottom of the Pile and
friction along the surface of the Pile Shaft. The load carrying capacity of the

Pile in this case depends on the bearing capacity of the stratum soil below and the skin
friction along the surface of the File.

Total load carried by Pile = Load carried by the Pile Piont + Load carried by the Skin Friction

Qn=Qp+Qs

1, End bearing pile :

These piles penetrate through the soft soil and their bottoms or tips rest on a hard stratum.
These piles act as columns. The soft material surrounding the pile provides some
lateral
support. For . end bearing pile Qu = Qp.

2; Friction pile : When loose soil extends to a great depth, piles are driven up to such a depth
that frictional resistance developed at the sides of the piles equals the load coming on the
piles.

Friction piles are used when a hard stratum is available at a greater depth. For friction pile,
Qu=Qs.

:---
Based on method of installation Piles may be classified

1. Driven Piles :

These Piles are driven into the ground by applying blows with a heavy ha on their tops.
Timber, steel and precast concrete Piles are installed by drtvmg, which
may be driven into
position either vertically or at an inclination.

2. Driven and Cast-m-Situ Piles :

this piles are formed by driving a casing with a closed bottom end into the soil. The casing is
later filled with concrete. The casing may or may not be withdrawn. If casing is Withdrawn, it
is called uncased Pile, and if casing is not withdrawn, it is called cased Pile.

3. Bored and Cast-in-Situ Piles : These Piles are formed by excavating a hole into the ground
and then filling it with concrete.

4. Screw Piles :

These Files are screwed into the soil.

5.jacked Piles : These Piles are jacked into the ground by applying a downward force with
the help Of a hydrolic jack.

Classnfication based on use & function

1, End bearing pil

2. Friction pile ~ 3, Compaction pile ~

4, Tension pile

5. Anchor pile

6, Fender pile

7, Better pile

8. Sheet pile

1. End bearing pile :

2.friction pile

The total frictional resistance can be increased in following ways:---

(1) By increasing the length of pile.(2) By increasing the diameter of pile.(3) By making the
surface of the pile rough. (4) By placing the piles closely. (5) By grouping the piles.

3. Compaction pile :

When piles are driven in loose granular soil with the aim of increasing the bearing capacity of
soil, the piles are termed as compaction piles. These piles themselves do not carry any load.

4. Tension pile = These piles anchor down the structures subjected to uplift due to
hydrostatic Pressure or due to overturning moment. It is also called uplift pile,.

5. Anchor pile :

Anchor piles provide anchorage against horizontal pull from sheet piling or other pulling
forces.

6. Fender pile :

Fender piles are used to protect water front structures against impact from shi Or other
floating objects.
7. new pile : hey are used to resist large horizontal forces or inclined forces.

8. Sheet pile : . They are used as bulk heads or as impervious cutoff to reduce seepage and
Uplift under hydraulic strucmres. 9 Sheet Piles are used for the following purposes :

(I) To isolate foundations from adjacent soils;

(2) To prevent underground movement of water.

(3) To prevent the transfer of machine vibrations to adjacent structures.

(4) To construct retaining walls in docks, wharfs and other marine structures.

(5) To protect river banks. (6) To retain sides of foundation trenches.

(7) To work as cutoff walls under dams.

(8) To confine the soil and thereby increase the bearing capacity of soil.

(9) To construct caissons for water-intake structures.

Based on mayerial types of sheet piles are 1.concrete2.steel3.timber sheet piles.

V . Friction PM End bearing pile

' ose . The bottom end of the pile rest on hard 1. When 10 L dept , strata.

2. Load is transferred at the tip of the pile. 2. Load is transferred

surrounding the pile . between soil and the pile material.

3. It is suitable when hard strata is 3. It is suitable when loose soil expends

by friction

available at shallow depth. to a great depth.

'4. Pile act as a column. 4. Pile does not act as a column.

5. End bearing piles are normally driven 5. Friction piles may be driven in in vertical direction.
vertical or inclined direction. "

6. Dimensions of pile are determined 6. Dimensions of pile are determined from load on pile
and its material. from load on pile and the roughness

of pile surface. 7The length of pile must be equal to 7. The length of pile can be reduced by

the depth of hard strata from ground increasing the diameter of pile or by

increasin the rou hness . surface, . g g of surface of the pile.

End bearing pile

END BEARING PILE

1 The bottom end of the pile rest on hard

strata.

, 2, Load is transferred at the tip of the pile.

3. It is suitable when hard strata is available at shallow depth.

4. Pile act as a column.

5. End bearing piles are normally driven in vertical direction.

6~ Dimensions of pile are determined from load on pile and its material.

7 The length of pile must be equal to

the depth of hard strata from ground Sutface.

V . Friction PM End bearing pile

' ose . The bottom end of the pile rest on hard 1. When 10 L dept , strata.

2. Load is transferred at the tip of the pile. 2. Load is transferred

surrounding the pile . between soil and the pile material.

3. It is suitable when hard strata is 3. It is suitable when loose soil expends

by friction

available at shallow depth. to a great depth.

'4. Pile act as a column. 4. Pile does not act as a column.

5. End bearing piles are normally driven 5. Friction piles may be driven in in vertical direction.
vertical or inclined direction. "

6. Dimensions of pile are determined 6. Dimensions of pile are determined from load on pile
and its material. from load on pile and the roughness

of pile surface. 7The length of pile must be equal to 7. The length of pile can be reduced by

the depth of hard strata from ground increasing the diameter of pile or by

increasin the rou hness . surface, . g g of surface of the pile.

End bearing pile

1 The bottom end of the pile rest on hard

strata.

, 2, [Load is transferred at the tip of the pile.


3. It is suitable when hard strata is available at shallow depth.

4. Pile act as a column.

5. End bearing piles are normally driven in vertical direction.

6~ Dimensions of pile are determined from load on pile and its material.

7 The length of pile must be equal to

the depth of hard strata from ground utface.

Friction pile

1. When loose soil expends to a great

depth, the bottom end of the pile does not reach upto the hard strata.

2. Load is transferred to the soil surrounding the pile by friction between soil and the pile
material.

3. It is suitable when loose soil expends to a great depth.

4. Pile does not act as a column.

5. Friction piles may be driyen in vertical or inclined direction. ..

6. Dimensions of pile are determined from load on pile and the roughness of pile surface.

7. The length of pile can be reduced by increasing the diameter of pile or by increasing the
roughness of surface of the pile.