ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION

as per ISO 14025 and EN 15804

Owner of the Declaration UAC Berhad

Programme holder Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. (IBU)
Publisher Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. (IBU)
Declaration number EPD-UAC-20130008-IAC1-EN
Issue date 5/29/2013
Valid to 5/28/2018

UAC Fibre Cement Board

UAC Berhad

www.bau-umwelt.com / https://epd-online.com

Umwelt Produktdeklaration Name des Herstellers Name des Produkts

1. General Information

UAC Berhad UAC Fibre Cement Board

Programme holder Owner of the Declaration
IBU - Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. UAC Berhad
Rheinufer 108 Jalan Portland, Tasek Industrieal Estate, 36
D-53639 Knigswinter 31400 Ipoh, Perak
Malaysia

Declaration number Declared product / Declared unit

EPD-UAC-20130008-IAC1-EN Per tonne of UAC Fibre Cement Board
This Declaration is based on the Product Scope:
Category Rules: This EPD declaration is based on average UAC Fibre
Fibre cement / Fibre concrete, 07-2012 Cement Board manufactured by UAC Berhad. These
(PCR tested and approved by the independent expert products are produced in the manufacturing plant
committee) located in Ipoh, Perak in which the production data for
2011 was recorded. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was
Issue date conducted based on the cradle-to-gate approach
(Modules A1-A3), where the entire production phase of
5/29/2013
the UAC Fibre Cement Board was considered in this
LCA study. The Declaration holder is liable for the
Valid to details and documentation upon which the evaluation
5/28/2018 is based. The owner of the declaration shall be liable
for the underlying information and evidence; the IBU
shall not be liable with respect to manufacturer
information, life cycle assessment data and evidences.
Verification
The CEN Norm EN 15804 serves as the core PCR
Independent verification of the declaration and data
according to ISO 14025
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst J. Bossenmayer internally x externally
(President of Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V.)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Wolf Reinhardt Patricia Wolf

(Chairman of SVA) (Independent tester appointed by SVA)

2. Product
2.1 Product description 2.2 Application
The UAC Fibre Cement Boards are 100% abestos free UAC Berhad manufactures a wide range of Fibre
in composition. These autoclaved composite materials Cement Boards which are extensively used in
are made from specially treated high grade cellulose residential, institutional, commercial and industrial
fibre, Portland cement, refined sand and water. buildings, as:
- Fascia / Siding
The declared products include: - Internal Lining and Wall Partitioning
- UCO Superflex - Ceiling
- UCO Decoceil/Ucoceil - Soffit and Eave Lining
- UCO Vistaboard/Flexaboard/Multiflex - Substrate for flooring
- UCO Lattices - Fire and insulation application
- UCO Sedartex Woodgrain Plank/Panel - Decorative and innovative application
- UCO Supertex Woodgrain Panel/Plank - Roofing
- UCO Smooth Plank
- UCO Duravent 2.3 Technical Data
- UCO Shingles UAC Fibre Cement Boards conform and certify to (a)
- UCO Bargeboard MS1296:2010 for UCO Superflex and (b)
EN12467:2004 for 7.5mm UCO Sedartex Woodgrain
All the declared products are produced at the same Plank.
process flow with same raw material composition with
difference of formulation (see 2.6) and geometrical Product specification
output. UAC Fibre Cement Board (6mm thickness)
- Thermal conductivity (W/mK): 0.12
- Resistance of heat transmission, Ra (m2K / W): 0.19
- Dry density (kg/m3): 1350 to 1450

2 Environmental Product Declaration UAC Berhad UAC Fibre Cement Board

 2.7 Manufacture
Sound proof: Process flow of UCO Fibre Cement Board production:
With a 6mm fibre cement sheet (1190mmx1190mm)
installed in the opening between two adjacent but
acoustically isolated reverberation rooms, 17-33dB
sound transmission loss at frequency from 125-
5000Hz. Airborne noise insulation is determined as
STC30 (tested in accordance to ASTM E90-09).

The difference between the sound absorption of the

room with and without the 6mm fibre cement sheet is
determine to obtain the total sound loss by using the
reverberation time values. Noise reduction coefficient
is determined as NRC0.10 (ASTM E423-90a).
Sound transmission loss (UCO Vistabord): Estimated
25dB (6mm), 28dB (9mm).

2.4 Placing on the market / Application rules

Product standard / approval:
- Malaysia Standard MS 1296: 2010 Fibre cement flat
sheets [for UCO Superflex]
- European Standard EN 12467:2004 Fibre cement flat
sheets product specification and test methods [for
7.5mm UCO Sedertex Woodgrain Plank].
UAC Fibre Cement Boards are produced with
Hatschek process or wet process:
The raw materials are mixed homogeneously and
pumped to the tubs at controlled rate so that tubs are
filled and overflow.

Under MS1296: 2010: A uniform film is formed onto the sieves and the film
- Saturated flexural Strength > 10MPa will be picked up by felt which will then be transferred
- Equilibrium moisture content at 23C, 80% humidity: to a size roller to be rolled in layers for the
6-8% manufacturing of `green sheet` (intermediate product
- Moisture movement (from dry to wet condition) : 0.10- formed during the production and yet to send to
0.20% autoclave) according to the desired thicknesses. The
- Passed the requirements of warm water test. speed of the felt is controlled in order to achieve
consistent sheet thickness at a specified production
2.5 Delivery status rate.
UAC Fibre Cement Boards are manufactured in a
range of thicknesses from 3.2mm to 15.0mm. The Individual size roller determines the length of sheet
boards can be up to 3660mm in length and up to being produced. If patterned sheet is to be produced, a
1220mm wide. patterned sleeve will be placed on the size roller to
create the desired patterns.
2.6 Base materials / Ancillary materials
Once the desired thickness is achieved, it will then be
The base materials, auxiliary substances and separated and taken off from size roller by a cut-off
addictives for UAC Fibre Cement Boards are: wire.
Name Value Unit
% of dry The green sheet will then be trimmed into size by high
Base Material: Cement 30 40 pressure water jet while the remaining scraps will
mass
% of dry return to scrap agitator which will then transferred back
Base Material: Silica 50 60 to feed agitator for reuse in order to minimise waste
mass
generated.
% of dry
Base Material: Pulp / cellulose fibre 69
mass
The trimmed green sheets are stacked in tiers on steel
Auxiliary Substances / Additives: % of dry
05 base pallet.
Alumina / Alumina Tri-hydrate mass
Auxiliary Substances / Additives: Silica % of dry
05 The stacked green sheets will then be air-cured for
Fume mass
minimum 6-8 hours before curing in autoclave for a
Auxiliary Substances / Additives: Red % of dry total process duration of 10-12 hours.
01
Pigment mass
The autoclaved sheets will undergo further cutting or
trimming into the final dimension at sheet finishing with
either guillotine knife or rotating saw. Sanding, edge
recessing and slotting are also being done at sheet
finishing.

Quality Management System in accordance to ISO

9001:2008 for design and manufacture of fibre cement
products.

2.8 Environment and health during

manufacturing
The UAC Berhad operation is compliances with
OHSAS 18001:2007 (Occupational health and safety

3 Environmental Product Declaration UAC Berhad UAC Fibre Cement Board

management).
Water: Water contamination was not reported during
the production of UAC Fibre Cement Boards. All the
waste water is treated at a designated waste water
treatment plant before discharging into the
environment, in accordance to the Environmental
Quality Act 1974 /Act 127/.
Noise: Sound protection analyses and close
monitoring on exposure limits have been established in
accordance to Factory and Machineries Act (Noise
Exposure) Regulations 1989 /Act139/.
Waste:
All scraps and rejected UAC Fibre Cement Boards are
classified as solid waste under the Malaysia
Department of Environment (DOE) Regulations and
will be treated in landfill /Act672/.
2.9 Product processing/Installation
UAC Fibre Cement Boards are cut using guillotine
knife or circular saw with tungsten carbide, and
diamond saw blade. Dust generated from the
processes is collected through the effective dust
collecting system and filtered before release to air in
accordance to Factories and Machinery Act (Mineral
Dust) Regulations 1989 /Act 139/. Dust emission is
below the Permissible Level under Regulation 25 of
the Malaysia Environmental Quality (Clean Air)
Regulations 1978 /Act 127/.
2.10 Packaging
UAC Fibre Cement Boards are packed horizontally on
wooden pallets and packaged with polyethylene
stretch film, PET strap and cardboard edge protector.
The wooden pallets are reused internally.
2.11 Condition of use
UAC Fibre Cement Boards have passed organic
emissions tests under the TUV Singapore emission
standards for formaldehyde, phenylcyclohexene,
phthalate, and total particle. Due to stable crystalline
calcium silicate hydrate phase after the autoclave
process, the emission of volatile organic compound
(VOC) detected are low and negligible for normal use
in line with the designated purpose of the respective
products (see chapter 7.2).
2.12 Environment and health during use
Environmental aspects: Hazards to water, soil and
air cannot arise from fibre cement flat sheets based on
current knowledge.
Health aspects: During normal usage according to
construction materials purpose, fixing and installation
guides are being observed, no health impairment is
known due to basic materials employed and their
behavior according to current knowledge.
3. LCA: Calculation rules
3.1 Declared Unit
Declared unit refers to the UAC Fibre Cement Boards
manufactured with the mixing of cement, silica sand,
pulp, alumina, silica fume and red oxide and dried
under the high pressure and temperature in the
autoclave machine.
4 Environmental Product Declaration UAC Berhad UAC Fibre Cement Board
2.13 Reference service life
The reference service life is non-relevant to this EPD
as it covers cradle to gate (up till the factory) (boundary
condition).
2.14 Extraordinary effects
Fire
For UCO Superflex, UCO Vistabord, UCO Decoceil,
and UCO Supertex Woodgrain panel:
Fire Propagation Index: range from 9.0-4.6,
according to BS 476-6:1989.
Surface spread of flame test: Class 1
surface spread of fame (actual result 0mm at
1.5m), according to BS 476-7:1997.
Water
UAC fiber cement board displays neutral reaction
when exposed to water. No dissolved substances are
found to be hazardous.
Mechanical destruction
Irrelevant
2.15 Re-use phase
Disassembly: The faade and flat sheets can be
removed through unscrewing or drilling the rivets,
depending on the fastening system. If large quantities
are assembled by plastering, it will be broken and
removed. For floorings with tiles on top, disassembly
will be done through destruction.
Reutilisation: In their undamaged form, the
dismantled form can be reused according to their
original purpose or as foundation wall protection. For
damaged form, it may be used as infill material for
UCO SolidWall System (material recycling).
Recycling: Possible uses as part of the constituent:
- for UCO SolidWall System infill material
- to make into a non-commercial value timber blocks
made of cementitious waste material for in house
application to reduce the use of actual timber block
2.16 Disposal
According to Malaysia Solid Waste and Public
Cleansing Management Act 2007 /Act 672/, remains of
Fibre Cement waste products from construction site or
from demolition can be disposed as solid waste. Waste
key 17 01 01 (Concrete)' in line with the European
Waste Catalogue /EWC/.
2.17 Further information
Further information on the products can be referred to
the Product Specifications from www.uac.com.my
All declared products show similar recipes with some
differences in dosage of pre-products for certain
products. The declared products are produced under
the same production condition and procedure. The
average metric tonne fibre cement product is
calculated based on the annual production data.
The declared functional unit of this study is 1 metric
tonne of UAC Fibre Cement Boards with average bulk
density 1350 kg/m3.
Declared unit
Name Value Unit
Declared unit 1 t
Gross density 1350 kg/m3
0.0007407
Conversion factor to 1 kg - used for modeling the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).
41
3.2 System boundary
Type of EPD: Cradle to gate.
The following processes were included in the A1-A3
production stage of UAC Fibre Cement Boards
manufacture:
- Manufacture of preliminary products (cement, sand,
pulp, alumina, silica fume and red pigment)
- Transportation of raw materials and preliminary
products to the plant
- Manufacturing process in the plan including energy,
manufacture of auxiliaries, disposal of residual
materials incurred and consideration of any emissions
incurred
- Manufacture of packaging materials
3.3 Estimates and assumptions
No other estimations or assumptions were made
regarding the specifications outlined in this section
(Chapter 3).
3.4 Cut-off criteria
All operating data, i.e. all of the starting materials used,
internal fuel consumption and electricity consumption,
all direct production waste as well as all emission
measurements available were taken into consideration
in the analysis. Assumptions were made as regards
4. LCA: Scenarios and additional technical information
The documentation of the RSL is not required for the
EPD of UAC Fibre Cement Boards as the entire life
cycle is not declared (Module A1-A3).
5 Environmental Product Declaration UAC Berhad UAC Fibre Cement Board
the transport expenses associated with all input and
output data taken into consideration. Accordingly,
material flows with a share of less than 1% were also
considered in this study. It can be assumed that the
total of all neglected processes does not exceed 5% in
the effective categories. Machinery, plants and
infrastructure required in the manufacturing process
are not taken into consideration.
3.5 Background data
The GaBi 4 software system for comprehensive
analysis developed by PE INTERNATIONAL AG was
The consistent data items contained in the GaBi
database are documented in the online GaBi
documentation center. The basic data in the GaBi
database was applied for energy, transportation, and
consumables. The LCA was primary developed based
on the Malaysia database. Average data from the other
regions were incorporated where Malaysia database is
not available.
3.6 Data quality
All background data records related to the UAC
operation were provided by UAC Berhad as well as
GaBi database. The background data that was used
was last revised less than 10 years ago.
3.7 Period under review
The LCA study was developed based on the operation
activities from January to December of 2011.
3.8 Allocation
No allocation rules were applied in the life cycle
assessment of the foreground data of the examined
products.
3.9 Comparability
Basically, a comparison or an evaluation of EPD data
is only possible if all the data sets to be compared
were created according to EN 15804 and the building
context, respectively the product-specific
characteristics of performance, are taken into account.
5. LCA: Results
DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM BOUNDARY (X = INCLUDED IN LCA; MND = MODULE NOT DECLARED)
BENEFITS AND
CONSTRUCTI LOADS
PRODUCT STAGE ON PROCESS USE STAGE END OF LIFE STAGE BEYOND THE
STAGE SYSTEM
BOUNDARYS

Operational energy
Transport from the

Waste processing
Operational water
Refurbishment1)

De-construction
gate to the site

Replacement1)
Manufacturing
Raw material

Maintenance

Recycling-
demolition

Recovery-
Assembly
Transport

Transport

Disposal

potential
Reuse-
Repair
supply

Use

use

use
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
X X X MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND
RESULTS OF THE LCA - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: 1 tonne of UAC Fibre Cement Board
Parameter Unit A1-A3

Global warming potential [kg CO2-Eq.] 673.22

Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer [kg CFC11-Eq.] 9.56E-6
Acidification potential of land and water [kg SO2-Eq.] 3.31
Eutrophication potential [kg (PO4)3-- Eq.] 0.39
Formation potential of tropospheric ozone photochemical oxidants [kg Ethen Eq.] 0.26
Abiotic depletion potential for non fossil resources [kg Sb Eq.] 9.71E-4
Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources [MJ] 7586.41
RESULTS OF THE LCA - RESOURCE USE: 1 tonne of UAC Fibre Cement Board
Parameter Unit A1-A3
Renewable primary energy as energy carrier [MJ] 2381.81
Renewable primary energy resources as material utilization [MJ] 213.44
Total use of renewable primary energy resources [MJ] 2595.25
Non renewable primary energy as energy carrier [MJ] 7944.33
Non renewable primary energy as material utilization [MJ] 0.00
Total use of non renewable primary energy resources [MJ] 7944.33
Use of secondary material [kg] 19.39
Use of renewable secondary fuels [MJ] 0.00
Use of non renewable secondary fuels [MJ] 0.00
Use of net fresh water [m] 11.52
RESULTS OF THE LCA OUTPUT FLOWS AND WASTE CATEGORIES:
1 tonne of UAC Fibre Cement Board
Parameter Unit A1-A3
Hazardous waste disposed [kg] 2.61
Non hazardous waste disposed [kg] 1481.77
Radioactive waste disposed [kg] 0.12
Components for re-use [kg] -
Materials for recycling [kg] -
Materials for energy recovery [kg] -
Exported electrical energy [MJ] -
Exported thermal energy [MJ] -

6. LCA: Interpretation
Environmental Impacts
In overall, the production of 1 tonne of UAC Fibre
In term of environmental impacts, due to the energy- Cement Board contributed 693.28 kg CO2-eq of GWP,
and resources-intensity of the raw material production 9.71E-4 kg Sb-eq of ADPE and 7566.408 MJ of ADPF.
processes, the cement production was recorded to be The carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide
the major contributor to the environmental indicators emitted during the cement production has significant
for the production of 1 tonne UAC Fibre Cement contribution towards EP, AP and POCP.
Board.
Resource Use
This study revealed that the manufacturing activities
within the UAC Plant have relatively lower The LCA study revealed that the manufacturing of 1
environmental impacts profile as compared to the raw tonne of UAC Fibre Cement Board consumed 7944.33
material production process. This is in grave contrast MJ of PENRT and 2595.25 MJ of PERT. The use of
to the transportation, which constantly contributed the PERT was mainly resulted from the Malaysias energy
least to environmental impact as the 2 main raw grid mix, of which 40% was hydro-electricity. The
materials (cements and sands) were locally sourced. production of raw material was responsible for 99% of
the overall secondary material (SM) due to the reuse

6 Environmental Product Declaration UAC Berhad UAC Fibre Cement Board

and burning of the waste pulp during the pulp
production process. Lastly, the raw material
preparation process within the UAC Plant, especially
the hydropulper and sand grinding process were
responsible for 52% of the overall water consumption
(FW).
Output Flows and Waste Categories
The disposal of several type of machinery oils within
the UAC Plant have contributed to 73% of the overall
HWD; whilst the raw material extraction process was
responsible for 85% of the overall NHWD, which
primary consisted of waste paper. Finally, the use of
nuclear energy during the production of raw materials
(upstream process) was responsible for 95% of the
overall RWD.

7. Requisite evidence
7.1 Leaching Test 7.2 VOC emissions

Testing on the toxicity characteristic leaching
procedure (TCLP) using SW 846 6010 and 7473
methods were conducted for UAC Fibre Cement Board
(represented by Flexaboard and Superflex) where the
results are demonstarted in the table below.
The ASTM D5116-06: Standard Guide for small small-
scale environmental chamber determinations of
organic emissions from indoor materials/products
testing conducted by TUV Singapore certified that UAC
Fibre Cement Board is:

Leaching Test VOC emissions

Name Value Unit Name Value Unit
Arsenic (As) < 0.018 mg/L mg per
Barium (Ba) 0.16 mg/L Total VOC emission rate 0.17 m^3 per
Cadmium (Cd) 0.0013 mg/L hour
Chromium (Cr) 0.017 mg/L mg per
Mercury (Hg) 0.002 mg/L Formaldehyde emission <0.02 m^3 per
Plumbum (Pb) 0.02 mg/L hour
Selenium (Se) 0.02 mg/L Not mg per
Silver (Ag) <0.01 mg/L Phenylcyclohexene emission rate dectecte m^3 per
d* hour
mg per
Phthalate emission 0.003
m^3
mg per
Total particle emission <0.02
m^3
* Detection level: 0.002 mg per m^3

8. References
Institut Bauen und Umwelt 2011
Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V., Knigswinter (pub.):
Generation of Environmental Product Declarations
(EPDs);
General principles
for the EPD range of Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V.
(IBU), 2011-09
www.bau-umwelt.de
PCR 2011, Part A
Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V., Knigswinter (pub.):
Product Category Rules for Construction Products
from the range of Environmental Product Declarations
of Institut Bauen und Umwelt (IBU), Part A: Calculation
Rules for the Life Cycle Assessment and
Requirements on the Background Report. September
2012
www.bau-umwelt.de
ISO 14025
DIN EN ISO 14025:2011-10: Environmental labels and
declarations Type III environmental declarations
Principles and procedures
EN 15804
EN 15804:2012-04: Sustainability of construction
works Environmental Product Declarations Core
rules for the product category of construction products
Act 127
Laws of Malaysia Act 127 Environmental Quality Act
1974 Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations,
1978
Act 139
Laws of Malaysia Act 139 Factories and Machinery
Act 1967 Factories and Machinery (Mineral Dust)
Regulations 1989
Laws of Malaysia Act 139 Factories and Machinery
Act 1967 Factories and Machinery (Noise Exposure)
Regulations 1989
Act 672
Laws of Malaysia Act 672 Solid Waste and Public
Cleansing Management Act 2007
ASTM E90-09
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of
Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building
Partitions and Elements
ASTM D5116-06
Standard Guide for small small-scale environmental
chamber determinations of organic emissions from
indoor materials/products

7 Environmental Product Declaration UAC Berhad UAC Fibre Cement Board

BS 476 Part 6. GaBi 4
Fire fropogation. GaBi 4: Software and database for life cycle
Source: http://www.colorcoat- engineering. LBP, University of Stuttgart and PE
online.com/en/technical/regulations/fire_performance/b INTERNATIONAL AG, Leinfelden-Echterdingen, 2010
s476/
GaBi 4 Datasets
BS 476 Part 7. GaBi 4: Documentation of GaBi4-Datasets for life cycle
Surface spread of flame. engineering. LBP University of Stuttgart and PE
Source: http://www.colorcoat- INTERNATIONAL AG, 2010.
online.com/en/technical/regulations/fire_performance/b http://documentation.gabi-software.com/
s476/
MS1296
BS EN 12467:2004 Malaysia Standard MS 1296: 2010 Fibre-Cement Flat
Fibre-cement flat sheets. Product specification and test Sheets
methods
SW 846
European Waste Catalogue (EWC) Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical /
Chapter 17: Construction and demolition wastes Chemical Methods
(including excavated soil from contaminated sites) Method 7473 - Mercury in Solids and Solutions by
Thermal Decomposition, Amalgamation, and Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometry
Method 6010 - Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic
Emission Spectrometry

8 Environmental Product Declaration UAC Berhad UAC Fibre Cement Board

Publisher
Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. Tel +49 (0)2223 29 66 79- 0
Rheinufer 108 Fax +49 (0)2223 29 66 79- 0
53639 Knigswinter Mail info@bau-umwelt.com
Germany Web www.bau-umwelt.com

Programme holder
Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. Tel +49 (0)2223 29 66 79- 0
Rheinufer 108 Fax +49 (0)2223 29 66 79- 0
53639 Knigswinter Mail info@bau-umwelt.com
Germany Web www.bau-umwelt.com

Author of the Life Cycle Assessment

PE INTERNATIONAL (Malaysia) Sdn. Tel +603 7960 3008
Bhd. Fax +603 7931 6269
Jalan 14/22, Right Angle 28-3 Mail info@pe-international.com
46100 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Web www.pe-international.com
Malaysia

Owner of the Declaration

UAC Berhad Tel +605 291 2033
Jalan Portland, Tasek Industrieal Fax +603 291 7712
Estate, 36 Mail tan_kean_leong@uac.com.my
31400 Ipoh, Perak Web www.uac.com.my
Malaysia