Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
I. Introduction
WIND power has increasingly become one of the fastest growing renewable energy,
because the energy generated by wind power is the cheapest and the cleanest energy
resources. The trend of increasing wind turbine dimensions has result in bigger and
more flexible in which geometric nonlinearities become significant.
Moreover, coupled with the elastic deformation of the large blades, unsteady loads can
cause aeroelastic instabilities.
For these reasons, as wind turbines become lighter and flexible, analyses of
comprehensive system dynamics are required to predict the complex interaction of the
elastic vibrations of blades and the unsteady aerodynamic forces acting on them, and
factors that affect the aeroelastic responses of wind turbines are being widely studied.
The computational analyses are necessary to investigate aeroelastic deflections and the
predictions of static deflections are considerably important to avoid collision between
the rotor blade and tower. Therefore, in this research, the aeroelastic analyses of large
wind turbine composite blades were performed by using fluid-structure coupled
analyses.
The newly developed wind turbine blades have long blade length resulting in large
deformation which requires structural design considering large deflection
characteristics.
There are two major nonlinear beam theory models for rotary wing such as wind turbine
rotor blades. One is the moderate deflection beam model that is based on ordering
schemes to construct the transformation matrix, and this beam model has applied to
most rotor blade tructural models [1-5].
However, as the nonlinearities increase, the numerical error due to high order nonlinear
terms may increase [6]. In the case of the transformation matrix with high order
nonlinear terms, it is a complex procedure to formulate the governing equation. The
other nonlinear beam model is a large deflection beam model
using Euler angles instead of ordering schemes [7-11]. Finite element method based on
a large deflection beam theory is used for structural analysis considering geometric
structural nonlinearities in this research.
Wind turbine aerodynamics remains a particularly challenging and crucial research for
wind energy industry.
For the aerodynamic
part most codes use the blade element momentum (BEM) theory as described by
Glauert [12], since this method is simple, very fast and provided that reliable airfoil
data exist, yields accurate results [13].
However, the BEM method has some limitations to model the three-dimensional
effects and unsteady effects. The vortex method based on the potential flow is relative
appropriate for advanced modeling. This method gives a more accurate and detailed
wake description than simplified aerodynamic model, and can be accurately applied in
complex condition such as yawed and dynamic condition [14]. The computational cost
of the vortex method is more expensive than the BEM, but still
much more efficient than computational fluid dynamics (CFD) [13, 15]. Therefore, the
aerodynamic forces were estimated using the vortex method in this research. The
aerodynamic and aeroelastic responses were compared with
experimental data and previously published numerical data obtained from modal
analyses based on finite element analysis and BEM theory. The analysis model
reasonably estimated the behavior of large wind turbine blade.
Unsteady wake is generated by rotary wings, and the flow field around the rotor
blades is significantly complicated and unstable.
Therefore, the wake effects should be considered as key in calculating aerodynamic
forces for aeroelastic analysis. In vortex models the rotor blades, trailing and shed
vorticity in the wake are represented by lifting line.
On the blades the vortex strength is determined from the bound circulation that stems
from the amount of lift created locally by the flow past the blades.
Knowing the strength and position of the vortices the induced velocity can be found in
any point using the Biot-Savart law [13].
In order to include the unsteady effects, the time-marching free-wake is applied in
this research. The movable velocities of the wake are the sum of
the blade motions and the induced velocity from the wake. Therefore, the wake position
can be determined by [16]:
Les objectifs
Les objectifs sont dvelopper un combin l'outil du calcul de la charge arodynamique
et structurel bas sur un code du panneau instable pour le arodynamique et un modle
structurel qui utilisent compltement les nonlinear rayonnent des modles.
L'outil est suppos tre capable de prdire le charges instables et dviations de la lame
de turbine du vent les lames du rotor efficacement et suffisamment exact dans
conditions de courant axial, ciseau du vent, ont fait une embarde courant,
l'afflux dynamique, contrle du ton actif et le sien les combinaisons.
La mthodologie
1. adaptation du code du panneau.
Le code du panneau du tourbillon actuellement dans opration dans
le groupe a besoin de vrification supplmentaire et validation.
Les deux dlai de la stalle aussi bien que les modles de la stalle dynamiques sont
rendu effectif. Le dernier est des adaptations du Beddoes-Leishman modlent aussi
bien qu'approches formul d'aprs fondamental instable la soulevant thorie de la
ligne.
Optimisation du tourbillon libre recouvrent de panneaux le modle dans le
la veille proche, aussi bien qu'un tourbillon plus gnrique la reprsentation dans
l'intermdiaire et la veille lointaine fait partie des amliorations pour obtenir
meilleure efficacit dans le temps du calcul numrique.