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Principle:
The focal lengths of unknown lenses
are determined by measuring the
distances of image and object and by
Bessels method. Simple optical
instruments are then constructed
with these lenses.
88 Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG D - 37070 Gttingen
LEP
Laws of lenses and optical instruments 2.1.02
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PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D-37070 Gttingen 22102-00 1
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2.1.02 Laws of lenses and optical instruments
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B
V
G
Fig. 5: Path of a ray in a Kepler telescope.
2 22102-00 PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D-37070 Gttingen
LEP
Laws of lenses and optical instruments 2.1.02
-00
From the laws of similar triangles, When the image distance b is 700 mm and the focal length
B b G f = 100 mm, then V = 6.
and
G g B b
3.2 The overall magnification is obtained by multiplying the
where B is the image size and G is the object size. magnification due to the objective (Fig. 4),
By transforming we obtain the lens formula Y a a
bobjective 1
Y g f1
1 1 1 bg
or
b g bg
by the angular magnification of the eyepice
1. From the values of b and g measured in Task 1 we calculate 250 mm
(L
f, the average value of f and its standard deviation. For the f2
first lens (100 mm) f1 was 100.2 mm with a standard deviation
sf1 of 0.6 mm; for the second (50 mm), f2 was 53.1 mm with a With the lenses used we obtain an overall magnification
standard deviation sf2 of 0.9 mm. (The focal lengths marked on V = 60.
the lenses have a tolerance of 5 %.)
3.3 The objective L1 provides a real, inverted image of size Y1 of
2. Since g* = b** (the object distance in case * = image distance a very distant object, and this image is observed through the
in case **) and since b* = g** , eyepiece L2. The angular magnification (for small angles) is
g* + b* = d e Y1 >f2 f1
(L =
g* - b* = e e Y1>f1 f2
(see Fig. 2). 3.4 A concave lens is placed in the path of the ray in front of
the real first image produced by objective L1 so that the focal
If we solve the equations for g* and b* we obtain points F1 and F2 coincide. The eye then sees a virtual, upright
1 image. The magnification is once again
g* = (d + e)
2 f1
(L =
1 0 f2 0
b* = (d e)
2
Note
Substituting into the lens formula gives
The markings on the lenses used to measure focal length
d 2 e2 should be removed and replaced by a code, e. g. coloured
f=
4d dots or etched lines, known only to the instructor.
PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D-37070 Gttingen 22102-00 3
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2.1.02 Laws of lenses and optical instruments
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4 22102-00 PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D-37070 Gttingen