1. WhatisWPS?

WPS is Welding Procedure Specification, It is a written document that

provides direction to the welder or welding operator for making production welds.

2. What are the welding Process?

a) GTAW (Gas Tungeston Arc Welding)

b) SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)

c) SAW (Submerged Arc Welding)

d) FCAW (Flux Coated Arc Welding)

e) GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding)

f) PAW (Plasma Arc Welding)

3. ASME SECTIONS

a) SECTION I

Rules for Construction of Power Boilers

b) SECTION II

Materials
Part A - Ferrous Material Specifications
Part B - Nonferrous Material Specifications
Part C - Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler
Metals
PartD - Properties (Customary)
PartE - Properties (Metric)
c) SECTION III
Subsection NCA ---- General Requirements for Division 1 and Division 2

Division 1
Subsection NB-Class 1 Components

Subsection NC-Class 2 Components

Subsection ND Class 3 Components

-
 Subsection NE Class MC Components
-

Subsection NF Supports

Subsection NO Core Support Structures

-

Subsection NH Class 1 Component in Elevated Temperature Service-

-

Appendices

Division 2 - Code for Concrete Containments

Division 3 - Containments for Transport and Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel

and High Level Radioactive Material and Waste

d) SECTION IV

Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers

e) SECTION V

Nondestructive Examination
f) SECTION VI

Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers

g) SECTION VII

Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers

h) SECTION VIII

Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

Division 1
Division 2 Alternative Rules

Division 3 Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure

Vessels
i) SECTION IX

Welding and Brazing Qualifications

j) SECTION X

Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels

k) SECTION XI

Rules for In service Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components

I) SECTION XII

Rules for Construction and Continued Service of Transport Tanks.

 ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
-

ASME B 31.3 Process Piping

+ ASME B 31.1 - Power Piping
+ ASTM American Society of Testing Materials
API American Petroleum Institute
-

+ AISC American Institute of Structural Concrete

AWS D1.l American Welding Society (Structural Welding)
AWS Dl .6 American Welding Society (Structure SS Welding)

4. What are the different types ofj.s? (iJ2. 2.

a) V Groove
b) U Groove
c) Double V Groove
5. What are the different types of Base Material with Grade?
CS
i)A 106 GrB
ii)A53 OrB
iii) API 5L Gr B
SS
i)A304
ii) A 304L
iii) A 316
iv) A 31 6L
v)A321
vi) A 322
vii) A 347
viii) A 348
ALLOY
A335 -P11
A335-P22
 MONEL
ASTM B 165 No: 4400
ALUMINIUM
SB 241 Grade 5083

6. What is the Procedure Qualification Thickness Limits?

QW 452
i) It is the test coupon l Size welded (Dia)
-

ii) Thickness always 2T T Thickness of Test Coupon

iii) Minimum Thickness Qualified 1.5mm

7. Materials
(F Nos) GTAW SMAW
CS 6 4
ALLOY 6 4
SS 6 5
MONEL 42 42
8. Material Consumables:
GTAW SMAW
CS ER 70S 2/3/4 7018,7018 1
SS ER 308, ER 308L E308,E308L
ER 316, ER 316L E 316, E316L
E. z-132
cs-
i-
9. Specify Electrode Trade Name
ESAB, LINCON, ADOR, GEKA, METRODE
10. Welding Position
Pipe 1GR, 20, 50, 60, 6GR
Plate 10,20, 3G, 4G
PIPE:-
10: A Pipe is Horizontal Position and weld beed is a vertical position. The Pipe
-

will be rotated.
 20: A Pipe is Vertical Position and weld beed is Horizontal Position
-

50: A Pipe is Horizontal Position and weld beed is Vertical Position

-

60: A Pipe is a 45 Position

-

PLATE:
10: Plate is Horizontal and weld is Horizontal
-

2G: Plate is Vertical and weld is Horizontal

-

3G: Plate is Vertical and weld is Vertical

-

40: A Plate is in Overhead Position weld is Horizontal Position

-

11. What is pre-heat temperature for CS, SS, ALLOY, and MONEL?
CS Less 25 mm 10C Mm Above 25 80 C
SS Max 10C
ALLOY P 11 150C, P 22 149C
MONEL - Max 10C
12. Interpass Temperature
CS 250C
SS 150C
ALLOY P11 260C
ALLOY P22 - 3 00C
MONEL - 200C
13. Types of Welding Position?
Uphill Position and Down Position.
14. What is PWHT?
Post Welded Heat Treatment, To Remove Residual stress.
CS Above 19 mm
- 593C to 647
Alloy Above 13 mm 704C to 760! High Alloy 730C to 790C
15. Gas Backing
When we are using SS material must use Purge Gas
May be Argon I Nitrogen
16. What is Pipe?
It is a tubular item made of Metal, Plastic, and Glass etc.
 17. What is the width of Weave Bead?
Max. Weave width 3x Electrode dia.
18. Write the weld layers?
1. Root
II. Hot Pass
III. Fill
IV. Cap
19. PWHT for Ni Alloy?
13mm *550C to 585C
20. What are the main Responsibilities of Welding Inspector?
To Observe, To Record, To compare (acceptance levels)
21. Type of Common Welds?
Groove Welds
Fillet Welds
Spot / Seam Welds
Plug / Slot Welds
Edge Welds
22. Type of Common Joints?
But Joints
T Joints
Lap Joints
Open Corner Joints
Closed Corner Joints
23. Types of Joint Preparation?
Bevel, V, J, S (Single & Double Sided)
24. What are the Weidment Terms?
i. Weld Face
ii. Weld Root
iii. Fusion Zone
iv. Fusion Boundary
v. Heat Affected Zone (HAZ)
 vi. Weld Toes
vii. Weld Width
25. What are the Welding Imperfections?
I. Cracks
II. Gas Pores and Carities
III. Sold inclusions
IV. Lack of Fusion
V. Surface and Profile
VI. Mechanical / Surface damage
VII. Misalignment.
26. What is the major Inspection of Material Receiving?
a) Size
b) Condition
c) Type / Specification / Schedule
d) Storage
e) Heat Number
27. Pipe Inspection (Material)?
i) Welded Seam
ii) Inside 0
iii) Out side 0
iv) Length
v) Wall Thickness
28. What is Steel?
An Alloy of the Iron with the Non Material Carbon
(0.01 -1.4% C)
29. What is Plain Carbon Steel?
Steel that contain only Iron & Carbon are main elements,Traces of Mn,Si,Al,P&S
may be also present from refining.
30. Low Carbon Steel?
6.01 0.3%C
 31. Medium Carbon Steel?
0.3 C
0
0.6
32. High Carbon Steel?
6.6 l.4oC
33. Low Alloy Steel?
Steel Containing Iron and Carbon and other alloying elements.
i.e.:- Mn, Co, Ni, Mo 7% Total
34. Which of the following is a function of a flux coating of a SMAW electrode?
All, Insulation, Alloying, De oxidation shielding.
35. Write Pipe Specification?
Material Pipe, Size, Length of Pipe, Size of Bore
36. Types of Gasket?
F.F Float Face - Metallic Gasket
R.F Raiced Face - Non Metallic Gasket
37. Types of Metallic, Non Metallic Gasket?
Metallic Non Metallic
Spiral Wound Gasket Rubber Gasket
Octagonal Ring Gasket Asbestos Gasket
Plat Ring Gasket Tufflon Gasket
Oil Paper Gasket
38. Write Small Bore Fittings?
Weldolet
Sockolet
Threadolet
Elbolet
Neppolet
39. Types of Flanges?
Weld Neck Flange
Slip On Flange
Socket Flange
Screwed Flange and Blind Flange
 40. Types of Nipples?
Plain
Threaded
Swage
41. Types of Caps?
But weld Caps
Threaded Caps
End Cap
42. Types of Coupling?
Full Coupling, Half Coupling, Threaded Coupling, Reducer Coupling.
43. Types of Boss?
Weld Boss, Socket Weld Boss
44. Types of Orifice Plates
Concentric Orifice
Electric Orifice
Segmetal Orifice
45. Types of Electrodes?
Coated Electrode
Bare Electrode (Non Coated Electrode)
46. Size of Electrode?
1.6 mm
25mm
3.15 mm
4 mm
5 mm
6 mm
47. Duties of Welding Inspector?
I. Pre heating (Method & Control)
II. In Process distortion control
III. Consumable Control
IV. Welding Process
 V. Welding run sequence and Interpass temperatures
VI. Mm / Max Interpass temperatures
VII. Full compliance with all elements given on the WPS
48. Duties of Welding Inspector after Welding?
i) Visual Inspection
ii)NDT
iii) Repairs
iv) Repair Procedure (NDT / Welding)
49. Tool Box
a) A Welding Gauges
b) Tap
c) Torch
d) Mirror
e) Pen Report
50. Fillet Weld Profiles
Convex, Concave, Mitre
51. What is the Profile Imperfection?
i) Spatter
ii) In Completely filled Groove
iii) Lack of Root Fusion
iv) Incomplete Root Penetration
v) Shrinkage Grooves
vi) Root Concaring
vii) Crater Pipe
viii) Excess Penetration
ix) Bum Through
52. Accepted Mis Alignment?
1.5 mm as per ASME 31.3
53. What is Mechanical Testing?
Hardness, Toughness, Tensile Strength, Ductility.

10
 54. Major things of welding Procedurc?
a. Pipe Dia & Thickness
b. Welding Position
c. Process
d. Material Group
e. Consumable
f. Heat Input range (Kg / mm)
g. Preheat & PWHT
55. Explain E 8018
E Electrode
80 Tensile Strength
1 Position
8 Coating
56. Inspection of Before Welding?
1. Application Std
2. WPS
3. Welder Qualification
4. Material Composition
5. Condition of Material
6. Types of Edge Preparation
7. Consumables
8. Welding Process.
57. Inspection of after Assembly
Clearance dimensions
58. What is soluble dam?
Soluble dam is water solute material used for refracting the purging gas
with in the pipe.
59. What should be the radius of long radius elbow?
I .5D (D is diameter of the pipe)
60. What is the true welding inspector certifications covered in AWS QC -1?
CWI, CAWI, SCWI
 61. What are is generally considered to be the most important quality of a Welding
Inspector?
Professional attitude
62. The vision requirements for a CWI are near vision acuity on:
Jaeger J2 at 12 inches, with or with out corrective lenses.
63. The a Welding Inspector should have a basic understanding of
Welding Process
Nondestructive testing methods
Code and Standards
64. The term used to describe delay in the production schedule to permit inspection is
Hold point
65. Inspection report correction should be made by:
Single line out the error correct the error, date end initial
66. A definition of ethics is:
1. Using common sense and honesty
2. Living by the rules
3. Being faire and impartial
4. Basing decisions on facts
67. For communication to be effective it should form a continuous ioop
1. True
68. Proper usage and handling of compressed gas cylinders include.
Not welding on cylinders
Not including the cylinders in the ground or electrical circuit
Securing them properly.
Identifying the gas prior to use.
69. Acetylene becomes unstable above what pressure?
15 psi
70. Oxygen is a flammable gas
False
71. Electric currents above approximately 6 milliamperes are considered
Primary currents, Harmyel
 72. When operating gas cylinders the primary value should be opened
One turn or less onan acetylene cylinder.
All the way onan oxygen cylinder to backseat the value
73. Why is there an increasing need for weld quality?
Safety
Economics
Less conservatives design
Government regulations
74. What AWS documents describe the rules for the CWI certification program?
AWS QC -l
75. Weld quality control should begin after welding has been initiated
False
76. The a acronym KASH stands for
Knowledge, Attitude, Skills and Habits.
77. A metal that is difficult to magnetize is said to have?
Low Permeability
78. Ferromagnetic Material is?
Strongly attracted by a magnet.
Capable of being magnetizer
79. A circular field may be induced in to a specimen by which of the following methods?
a) Direct Induction (Head Shot)
b) Direct Inductions (Prods)
c) Central Conductor
80. The permeability of a material describes?
The easy with which it can be magnetized.
81. In which material can be magnetized?
Iron, Nickel, Cobalt
82. The magnetic Field is Stronger when?
The magnetizing current is flowing
83. The unit usually used to denote flux density is the?
Gauss
 84. Materials which are repelled magnetically are called?
Dia magnetic
85. Materials which are attracted magnetically are called?
Ferromagnetic
86. The interpretation of magnetic particle indications may be aided by?
Observing the indications as they are formed
87. Materials which are strongly attracted to a magnet are called?
Magnetic Materials
88. During magnetic Particle testing generally leakage field caused by discontinuities
which are?
Transverse to magnetic Field

89. Method of magnetization is the?

Type of magnetizing Current
90. To detect very fine Cracks on contour surface the method is?
Wet particle suspension with A.C.
91. The ability of the magnet to attract or repel iron is?
Concentrated at local areas called poles
92. When testing for fine shallow surface cracks, the preferred MT method
should be?
Wet A.C.
93. Commonly used technique for preserving MT powder patterns?
Clear lacgues, transparent tape, and photography
94. The defect commonly associated with the welding process?
Lack of Penetration
95. The unit of measure of one line of flux per square centimeter of area is one?
Gauss
96. Materials which are weakly attracted magnetically are called?
Paramagnetic
 97. The end of a magnet at which the lines of flux are thought of a entering the
bar is?
The South Pole
98. The general term used to refer to a break in the metallic continuity of the
Past being tested is?
Discontinuity
99. If like poles are closest the magnets will?
Repel one another
100. Surrounding an electro-magnet the magnetic field is strongest?
While the current is flowing
101. A solenoid is a coiled conductor?
Containing a number of loops

102. Longitudinal magnetization can be established in an article by?

Placing the past inside a coil through which current is flowing.
103. The strength of the magnetic fields or a coil is determined by?
The Current on the Coil,
The Number of turns in the Coil
104. Which type of current is best for detection of surface discontinuities?
Alternating current
105. Half wane DC is?
Pulsed DC, Used with dry power, used for Inspection of welder
106. When using a coil what is the effective distance on magnetic field?
6 to 9 inches on each side of the coil
107. When a yoke is used the resulting magnetic field will be?
Longitudinal
108. Disadvantage of using a permanent yoke is?
They provide relatively low magnetic flux field
109. A Residual magnetic field is always?
Weakes that the magnetizing field producing it.
 110. Dry particle examination shall not be performed if the surface temperature
Of the part is?
Exceeds 1022F
111. In wet particle examination shall not be performed if the surface
Temperature of the part is?
Exceeds 185 F
112. In black light, light used is?
White light
113. The Examines in black light dark adaptation is?
At least 5 minutes
114. The ammeter shall be calibrated at least?
Once a year
115. In A/C yoke the lifting power is?
10 Lb at the maximum pole spacing
116. In DC or pemlanent yoke the lifting power is?
40 Lb at the maximum pole spacing
117. The magnetic force of yoke shall be checked?
Once a Year
118. MAGNETIES
There are two types of magnetic
i) Longitudinal Magnetic (or) Axlem Magnetic
ii) Circular Magnetic (or) Radial Magnetic
119. FLEMING RULE
Circular: Current flow in the Thumb direction
-

The magnetic field is the finger direction

Longitudinal: The Current flow in the finger direction
-

The magnetic field in the Thumb direction

120. Gauss meter?
That will measure that what amount of magnetism field retained on the
surface.
 121. Permeability?
Easy to magnetism
122. Reflecturns:
Opposition of magnetic field
123. Continuous magnetism?
Apply current magnetism object simently testing using iron particles
124. Residual magnetism?
Apply current after shut- off the current using the retained magnetic field
testing the object.
125. Steel melting point?
1540C
126. Prod Equipment?
i) For job thickness up to 18mm 90 Amphere per inch of prod spacing
ii) For job thickness greater than 18 mm 110 Amphere per inch of
prod spacing.
iii) The prod spacing is not less 2 inch note more. Then 8 inch
iv) Effective prod spacing is 3 to 5 inch
v) The same area is tested for 2 times one is perpendicular to other for
complete coverage.
127. The tendency at a liquid penetrant to enter a discontinuity is primarily
related to?
Capillary action

128. In penetrant testing the time period from developer application to inspection
after
refereed to as?
Development time

129. The method used to remove excess visible dye penetrant from a test part
is primarily
deferment by the?
Surface roughness of the part under test
 130. A discontinuity that must be found in welding?
Crack, lack of penetration

131. The discontinuity found I forging is?

Hydrogen flake

132. For applying non aqueous developer is normally considered most effecti
ve?
Spraying

133. Developer assists in the defection of the visible dye penetrant lot indicat
ion by?
Providing a contracting back ground

134. The discontinuities would be impossible to defect using PT?

Internal inclusions

135. The penetrant system is generally considered least sensitive?

Water washable visible dye

136. In which conditions will decrease the life of a black light bulb?
Line voltage fluctuations

137. Developers improperly used?

May obscure indication

138. When using the dry developer, the drying operation is performed?
After application of the developer and before inspection

139. An Excessive concentration of developer powder in a wet developer can

cause?
Creaking of the developer capacity during / after the drying
140. In penetrant system is generally considered highest sensitive?
Solvent removable fluorescent dye.

18
 141. In a post emulsifiable dye penetrant the emulsifies time?
Is the faire needed to rise the emulsifies and excuses pnetrant from the surface

142. The instruments used in PT to measure specific gravity of wet developers?

Hydrometers

143. In which method is not generally accepted?

Wire blushing
144. What is the most universally used black lift source?
Enclosed mercury vapors are lamps

145. Lines indication is?

One heaving a length greater then three times the width

146. Relevant indications?

Major dimension greater than l/16.inch
Major dimension greater than 1.6 mm

147. Lipophhilic ecrulsities are?

Oil miscible liquids used to emulsify

148. Hydrophilic emulsifies are?

Water miscible liquids used to emulsify the excess oil fluorescent penetrant

149. The maximum intensity of visible light examination is?

100 FC
I000LX
150. In fluorescent light examination visible ambient light?
Should not excel 2 FC
Should not excel 2OLX
 151. Water wasable?
Apply penetrant if self contain emulsifies

152. Emulsifies?
Is a liquid act with surface penetrant to make water wasable after penetration time
the surface penetrant is clean with water so the surface to be drayed by hot air than
apply
developer than evaluations

153. Solvent removable method?

Apply penetrant after penetration time the surface penetration is cleaned by solven than
t
apply developer and evaluation

154. Dry developers?

Can be applied by spraying, flowing pricy solvent can be applied by electrostatic
spray
particle should be (-) and high voltage shock all to be done in a log chamber so we can
sauce the 80% of the material

155. Non - aqueous developers?

This is only applied on dry surface this mixed with sol solvent and chock power
applied
by spraying duping not allowed because the pentrant will be cleaned so we cant find
the
defect

156. By spraying?
Is advantages because the solvent enter to the discontinuity and Cary out the penetra
te
and solvent can be evaporate the penatrant will form the cane indication very well
and we
cant early see the defect
Solvent

157. Wet developer (or) Aqueous developer?

(i) Solvent Particle size 0.1 5micron This one best
(ii) Suspended II Quality

20
158. Soliable
Particle diluted with water this developer will term fungus but ready to use

159. Suspended:
Water is only the curies this will slot form fungus but an Every way we have to
Shake.
160. Filter:
Will charge the while light to UV light 365 NM of wave length
161. Lipophilic emulsifies:
Is act with surface penatrant by diffusion process

162 what are the NDT Method

RT, UT PT MT
, ,

VT Visual testing
AET Acoustic Emission Testing
TIR = Thermal Infrased Real Testing
NRT = Neutron Radiographic Testing
ET Eddy Current Testing
LT Leak Testing
V.A.T. = Vibration Analysis Testing
RT Radiographic Testing
UT Ultrasonic Testing
PT = Penetrant Testing
MT = Magnetic Particle Testing

163 Wave lengths of x-ray and gamma ray

a.) i0 to 10
m
13
164. SNTC-TC-1A
Guide line, society of National Technical Council 1
s t
document.
 165. RSO, RT, RTFI
RSO Radiation Safety offices,
RT Radiographic Testing,
RTFI Radiographic Film Interpretation.
166. DH, DT
DH Extra fine grain film with very high contrast
-

DT Fine grain film with high contrast and high speed

-

167. Does level I can do interpretation?

No
168. Does level II can do procedure writing?
Yes
169. Types of Penetrameter
b.) Hole type DIN
c.) Wire type ASTM
170. Types of Curie? In gamma ray sources?
Cobalt 60 5.3 years
Iridium 192 74 days
Cesium 137 30 years
Thulium 178 127 days
Yetterbium 169 31 days

171. Special purposes of curie?

Xenon 133 5.3 years
Europium 152 13 years
Gadelium 154 9.3 years
Sodium 24 15 hours
Selenium 75 121 days
Iodine 125 57.4 days

172. Who invented the iridium?

Iridium was identified and named by Tennant (England)
 173. Wire type
62-years of design
Fe iron
10 & 16 Designation Number
ISO International Organization for Standardization
DIN Deusche Industrie Norm

174. Hole Type I Y

2

Designation number
-

,v,
2

Contrast 0 0 0
Level X
4T iT 2T

Sensitivity level

iT thickness 0.05 inch

2T thickness 0.05 x 2
4T thickness 0.05 x 4

175. IQI Image Quality Indicator

-

176. Wire type materials.

Aluminum, Copper, Iron
 177. Half life period formula
No Present Curie Strength
N Curie strength aftert days
t no. of days of time elapsed
T half life period
y decay constant is 0.693

yt/T
No e

For example: 20 curie

yt/T
No e

-0.693 x
No e e
0 462 0.95

178. Types of Radiographic Technique

a.) SWSI
1.) Unidirectional
2.) Penarmic
b.) DWSI
c.) DWDI
179. Developing Process
Developing 5mts
Accelerator (sodium carbonate) is an alkali
Preservative (sodium sulphate) preventing oxidation
Restrainer (potassium bromide) exposed region of silver bromide
Developing agent (hydrogenous) prevent development of unexposed
Crystals.
Stop bath for few seconds
Arrest the function of the developer, stop bath may contain Glacial Acidic
Acid (GAA).

24
 Fixes is used to remove thc developed silver bromide lmts.
Fixing has a solvable compound with silver bromide
Fixes is a sodium thiosuiphate a cleaning agent.

Running water after fixes thoroughly washed to remove all processing

material

Wetting agent is to drain water uniformly

Dryer

180. Types of corner

Tech-ops 24 kg
Spec 2r 24 kg
Gamma grid 18 kg
Rollicomer 35 kg

181. Screen cover material

Lead screen
Top screen 0.005mm
Bottom screen 0.010mm

182. Stages
Avoid guide to be bend
Use minimum guide tube length
Use collimeter
Survey meter
Area cordon
Bate return of source
Emergency requires proper procedure
Camera back to storage room
 Camera maintenance at least once in three month

Collimeter tungsten

Calibration and Maintenance

Survey meter 3 month
Pocket dosimeter 1 year
Proper check daily, battery check
Densitometer 90 days

Porosity due dirty electrode wire, dirty base metal, improper technique
Undercut current too high, welding speed too high, arc length too long
Incomplete fusion due to faulty joint, improper weld rod diameter,
improper weld polarity
Incomplete penetration faulty joint design, welding speed too rapid, weld
current too low, arc length too long.

183. What does sensitivity depends on?

Definition and Control
184. Acceptable density limit for viewing a weld image.
2 to 4 density
185. The density variation through the penetrameter to area of invest
-15y to -3Oy
186. Filter is used?
To reduce scatter radiation
To absorb secondary radiation
To produce only hard radiation

187. Panormic exposure, minimum number of IQI is?

3,120 part
188. Lamination is a?

26
 Process defect
189. Principle of Ui.
Reflection of Sound

190. Sound

Sonic

Subsonic Ultrasonic

191. Human Range.

20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
Below 20 Hz
5 mHz to 15 mHz
Ultrasonic Range
2 mHz to 4 mHz

Industrial Purpose
Above 204 Hz
Ultrasonic Waves

Above 20,000 Hz, it will not travel through air, it will

only travel in the solid material.

192. Major uses for UT.

a.) Flow detection
b.) Thickness measurement
c.) Distance measurement
d.) Material characterization
 193. Advantages of UT.
e.) Depth information
f.) Immediate result
g.) Not hazardous
h.) High sensitivity
i.) Portable
j.) Low cost

194. Disadvantages of UT.

k.) Operator skill is required
I.) Indirect indication it is in the echo form
m.) Couplant is required
n.) Non homogenous material testing is not possible
195. I.I.W.
International Institute of welding
196. Types of Block

V1,V2
197. UT Machine

Flow Detector

Analog mwhine Digit1 machine

+
1.) mod sonic
2.) Sonatest
a.) site scan 140
b.) site scan 240
c.) site scan 444

28
 d.) sitc scan 346
3.) Kraut Grammes
4.) Panameterix
5.) P x 10
6.) P x 20
198. What is the use of couplant?
To remove the air gap between the transducer and object.

199. Types of Couplant

Water, oil, grease (silicon grease or petroleum grease), Gel, wall paper
paste, soft rubber.

200. Types of reference Block

Side drill, hole type

a.)Oto25mm 19mm 2.4
b.)25to5Omm 38mm 3.6
c.)5OtolOOmm 76mm 4.8
d.)lOOtol5Omm 114mm 6
e.)l5Oto200mm 152mm 7.2
201. Types of Echo pattern for scanning.

A scan it is used in industrial

B scan it is used in medical
C scan it is used in immersive testing and atomic

202. Calibration method

o.) Resolution
p.) Penetration
q.) Sensitivity
r.) Sweep linearity
s.) Screen high linearity

29
 t.) Amptitude control linearity
203. Resolution
Place the normal probe at a focal point in V, block for a 100mm
range.
The echo will comes at 85, 91, 100 mm separately

204. Penetration
Place the normal on perspex, the echo will come out 50mm based
upon
velocity station perspex & steel [2730:5920j 23.5 mm Perspex is
equal to
50mm of steel.

205. Sensitivity
Place the probe towards 1.6mm hole the echo will come at 15 (01)35
.

206. Sweep linearity

Place the probe on thickness 25, 50, 75, 100 mm. The echo will produc
e in
a descending order.

207. Screen high linearity

Place the probe towards /t and t to 80% and 40% reduce 2db up to 6db.
2
The value in table is 25.6 tolerances 5% of the value.

208. Amptitude Control linearity

Place the probe towards the artificial defect to 80% reduce to 6db -12db
measure the value make to 40% of height increase +6db measure
the value
make 20% increase +12db measure the value, as per tolerance 20%
of the
value.

209. DAC
Distance Amplitude Correction Curve
A scan -1605 mHz

30
 210. Types of Probe.
Normal probe, Angular probe, triangular probe (45, 60, 70).
211. Normal probe, Triangular probe.
Normally used for thickness check-up only.
212. Angular Probe
Used to find the weld defect.
213. Size of the probe.
8 x9,20x22
214. Formula
2 beam path
V t /cos 0
Full beam path 2t/cos 8
1 V2 beam path 3tlcos 9
2 beam path 4t/cos 0 215. Skip distance
2 skip distance
V t x tan 0
Full skip distance = 2t x tan 0
1 V
2 skip distance =3t x tan 0
2 skip distance 4t x tan 0
215. Depth
V
d
2 epthbeampathxcos 0
Full depth 2t-beam path x cos 9
1 /2 depth beam path x cos O-2t
2 depth = 3t-beam path x cos 0

216. Location
Beam path x sin 0

217. 9 sinO cos0 tan9 secO

45 0.7 0.7 1 1.4
60 0.86 0.5 1.732 2
70 0.93 0.34 2.74 2.9
218. Thumb rule
Usc 90mm thickness.
For example 24mm thickness
90-24 66
Nearest probe is 700, so we have to select 70 probe

219. Below 38mm we use 4mHz probe, above 38mm we use 2mHz probe.

220. V
2 Block
Notes:
Based upon V 2 block, echo pattern facing the angle probe towards 25mm
radius the 1
St
echo will come at 25mm make the echo to 2.5 divisions. The
next echo will come in an increment of 75mm to 100mm automatically at
th
10
division. A 100mm range facing the probe towards 50mm radius the
l echo will come at 50mm make this echo at 4 th
division, the next echo
will increment at 75 to 125mm at the 10
th
division.
221. V
1 Block
Notes:

Based upon Vi block echo pattern face that angle probe towards 100mm
radius at focal point echo will come at 100mm make this echo at 4th

division. The 2 echo travel 125 mm of increment come at 225mm on the

th
9
division automatically each division 25mm 50 division 250mm.

13.36 23mm thickness

Probe selection 90-t
90-23=67

Frequency: below 38mm 4mHz

Above 38mm 2mHz
Probe size 8 x 9, 20 x 22
Couplant: water, grease, oil

Set The Range (700)

/2 beam path t/cosO 23/0.5 46 mm

Full beam path 2t/cosO 46/0.5 92mm
 222 A Hot Work Permit is Required For:
Areas where a Fire Hazard May occur during a Welding ,Cutting,Preheating Operation.

223 Eye Hazard Found in Welding Operations Include:

(i)Flying Particies(ii)Radiation (iii)Smoke and Fumes

224 Protective Equipment not suitable for Eye protection from welding Radiation Includes:
Clear Safety Goggles

225 Suitable Clothing Materials for Welding and Cutting are:

Wool Chemically Treated Cotton

226 Before Working on Equipment Where Machinery Guards Have been Removed a Lock
Tag and Try Procedure should be Completed:
TRUE

227 n Avoiding Jumes During Welding the Most Important Factors is.
The Position of the Welders Head

228 It is not Important to Consider Ventilation During Welding and Cutting Operations:
Fiase

229 When Entering Contined Space a Standby is Not Requied:

Flase

230 Some of the Toxic Material the Welder may be Exposed to are:
Cadmium,Chromium,Nickel,Lead

231 The Welding Inspector is Exposed to Which of the Following Safety Hazards:
(i)Rediation (ii)Jalling Objects (iii)Eletrical Shock,(iv)Eye Hazards

232 A Document which covers safety in welding and cutting is.

ANSI!ASCZ49.1

233 The Most Important Component of an Effective Safety and Heath Programe is:
Management Support

234 Safety Tranking is mandated under prorisions of

OSHA

235 The Abbereviation MSDS means:

Material Safety Data Sheet

236 The Abbereviation TLV means:

Threshold limit Value

237 Empolyes Must Make all Applicable MSDS data Aviable to their Empolyes
TRUE

238 Personnel must be Trained to Recognize Safety Hazards.

 TRUE

239 The welding inspector must offer communicated with

(I) Welder ,(ii) supervisor, (iil)Welding of mageement

240 NDE personnel (other than CWI ) should be certified to what document
AS NT. SNT- TC-IA

241 You must have a high school diploma to become a CWI

FALSE

242 The CWI Exam has several parts,these are fundamentals pratical code
TRUE

243 The CWI Exam requires that the Dl .1 code be used for the open book code test
FALSE

244 The little of the AWS. Standard, A3.0 is:

Standard welding terms and Definitions

245 API Standard 1104 Corers the Fabrcation of Gross Counter Bridges.
FALSE

246 Some of the Apporval Codes/Standard for the Open Book, Portion of the CWI Exam are
AWS Dli, API 1104,AWSD1.5, and AWSDI5.1:
TRUE

247 Prior to Staring a Jop Assignment, the Welding Inspector should Determine:
(i) What code standard ,or Specifycation applics (ii) What Inspections should be Conducted,
(iii) When Inspections should be (iv)Where Records are Main Tamed

248 When we are Using Eccentric Reduees Concentic:

(i)Eccentric - Pump Suction to Avoid (ii)Pump

249 What is the Thumb Ruch to Calculate Spanner. Size of Given Bolt?
1.5 Dia of Bolt

250 What is the Thumb the to Calculate Current Required for Welding
Current (AMP) = (Diameter elevation (mm) *
40)

251 What are Items we are Remoting Before the Hydro Test in the line?
(I) Control Value (ii) Orgnic Plate (iii) Rote Mat (iv) Safety Values (v) Thermowells
252 What is use of Reduces?
To Joint Different Diameter of Pipes
Differend Bolt Stud Bolt
It has head It is thread Bolt End
One end and
Has therading
Other end
It is tightened
With_a_Nut

253 Whatis the use of Gascut?

Gascut is a Cerain Material Used to Fix Between the Flanges.

254 What is use of Elbow?

Tio Joint the Two Pipe Pipe Cut an Angle of 45 oor 90 o

255 What is the use of Tee?

Used to make a Branch Line at Right Angle to the Main line.

256 Which One We Are not Considuced a Type of Joint?

Fillet

257 What is the ANSI/ASME Dimiensional STD for Steel Flange & Filling?
(i) B 16.3 (ii) B 16.5(iii) B 16.9 (iv) B 16.10