DISEO DE PUENTE LOSA DE CA (Puente 01)

PUENTE LOSA KM 0+500

0.55 .05 4.00 .05 0.55
L= 10.00 mts.
0.20
Seccin Transversal :
h

L = 10.00 mts.

1.- ESPESOR DE LOSA (h)

h = ( 1.2 * (S + 3000) ) / 30 = (1.2*(15000+3000))/30 = 520.00 mm

Usar : h = 55.00 cm

2.- ANCHO EFECTIVO DE FRANJAS LONGITUDINALES

2.1 - Para 01 Carril Cargado

E= 250 + 0.42 L1 W1 ; L1 = 10000 mm

W1 = 7200 mm
====>

E = 250 + 0.42 10000*7200 = 3814.00 mm

2.2 - Para Mltiples Carriles Cargados

E = 2100 + 0.12 (L1 W1) W / N L

L1 = 10000 mm
W1= 7200 mm
W= 6500 mm
NL = # vas de diseo = Wint / 3600 = 6000/3600= 2

E = 2100 + 0.12 15000*7200 = 3118 7200/2 = 3250

====>
USAR: E = 3118 mm = 3.12 mts.

3.- APLICACIN DE CARGA VIVA

3.1 - Mxima Fuerza de Corte

CAMION:
14.78 Tn 14.78 Tn 3.63 Tn

4.3 4.3 1.4

A B
0.14
1.00 0.57
 CARGA UNIFORME:

0.96 T/m

A B

TANDEM:

11.2 Tn 11.2 Tn

1.20 8.80
TANDEM

1.00 0.88

a.- Camin ( c ) :

VAC = 14.78*(1.0 + 0.57) +3.63*0.14 = 23.71 Tn

b.- Carga Uniforme ( w ) :

VAW = (1/2)*0.96*10.00 = 4.80 Tn

c.- Tandem (T)

VAT = 11.2 * (1.00+0.88) = 21.06 Tn, no es crtico

prevalece del camin

d.- Impacto = 33%

Por lo tanto:

VLL+IM = 23.71*1.33+4.8 = 36.33 Tn

3.2 - Mximo Momento por Flexin (En el centro de luz)

a.- Camin ( c )

14.78 Tn
 5.00 5.00

MLc = 14.78 * 10.00 / 4 = 36.95 T-m

 7.5 3.225 0.525
L
14.78 Tn 14.78 Tn 3.63 Tn

0.70 4.30 4.30 0.70

0.35 2.5 0.35

M = 14.78 * (0.35+2.50) + 3.63*0.35 = 43.39 Tn-m

b.- Carga Uniforme (w)

0.96 T/m

10.0 mts.

MLw = ( 0.96 * 10.00^2 ) / 8 = 12 Tn-m

c.- Tandem ( T )
11.20 Tn 11.20 Tn

5.00 1.20 3.80

1.9
2.5

MLT = 11.20 * (2.50+1.90) = 49.28 Tn-m

Este valor es mayor al del camin, ======> Usar el valor del Tandem

MLL+IM = 49.28*1.33+12.00 = 77.54 Tn-m

4.- SELECCIN DE FACTORES DE RESISTENCIA

Estado Lmite de Resistencia F

Flexin y traccin 0.90
Corte y torsin 0.90
Compresin axial 0.75
5.- SELECCIN DE MODIFICADORES DE CARGA

ESTADOS LIMITES
DESCRIPCION RESIST. SERVICIO FATIGA
1. Ductilidad nD 0.95 1.00 1.00
2. Redundancia NR 1.05 1.00 1.00
3. Importancia nI 1.05 No Aplicable No Aplicable
n = nD nR nI 1.05 1.00 1.00
6.- COMBINACIONES DE CARGA

6.1 - Estado Lmite de Resistencia

U = n [ 1.25 DC+1.50 DW+1.75(LL+IM)+1.0 FR+ gTG TG]

6.2 - Estado Lmite SERVICIO

U = 1.0 (DC+DW)+1.0(LL+IM)+0.3(WS+WL)+1.0 FR

6.3 - Estado Lmite FATIGA

U = 0.75 (LL+IM)

7.- CALCULO DE LOS EFECTOS DE LA CARGA VIVA x 1 m LOSA

7.1 - Losa Interior

V LL+IM = 36.33/E = 36.33/2.93 = 11.65 Tn

M LL+IM = 77.54/E = 77.54/2.93 = 24.87 Tn-m

7.2 - Losa de Borde

E losa de borde = Distancia de borde exterior a la calzada + 300 mm +

1/2 (E) <= E 1.80 m

E losa de borde = 0.60+0.30+(1/2)*3.12 = 2.46 < E = 3.12 m

pero E viga borde > 1.80
====>
E viga borde = 2.00 m

0.55 0.05 1.00

1.60 2.00 1.60

LOSA DE BORDE LOSA INTERIOR LOSA DE BORDE

V LL+IM = 1/2 (36.33) / 1.80 = 9.08 Tn

M LL+IM = 1/2 (77.54) / 1.80 = 19.39 Tn-m

8.- CALCULO DEL EFECTO DE OTRAS CARGAS

8.1 - Losa Interior x 1m de ancho

a). Peso propio (DC), gDC = 2.5 Tn/m3

WDC = 2.5*0.55*1.00 m
WDC = 1.38 Tn/m

VDC = (1/2)*1.380)*10.00
VDC = 6.88 Tn
 MDC = WDC L2 / 8
MDC = 1.38*10^2/8 = 17.188 Tn-m

8.2 - Losa de Borde x 1m de Ancho

a). Peso propio : 1.38 Tn/m

b). Baranda metlica: 0.40 Tn/m
c). Vereda:(0.60 x 0.20 x 2.5) / 1.8 0.17 Tn/m
WDC = 1.942 Tn/m

VDC = (1/2) * 1.942 * 10.00 = 9.71 Tn

MDC = (1.942 * 10.00 ) / 8 =
2
24.27 Tn-m

9.- ANALISIS POR ESTADOS LIMITES

9.1 - Estado Lmite de Resistencia

a) Momento losa interior

Mu = n S gi fi = 0.95 [1.25MDC+1.50MDW+1.75MLL+IM]
MDC = 17.19 Tn-m
MDW = 0.00 Tn-m
MLL+IM = 24.87 Tn-m
Mu = 61.76 Tn-m

b) Momento losa borde

Mu = n S gi fi = 0.95 [1.25MDC+1.50MDW+1.75MLL+IM]
MDC = 24.27 Tn-m
MDW = 0.00 Tn-m
MLL+IM = 19.39 Tn-m
Mu = 61.05 Tn-m

====> : Se calcular el acero para Mu de losa interior

Mu = 61.76 Tn-m
d = 0.55-0.025-(1/2)*(0.025)
d= 0.5125 m
f'c = 280 Kg/cm2
fy = 4200 Kg/cm2 F 1" d

Recubrimiento = 4.0 cm

a = (As fy ) / (0.85 f'c b)

a = (4200 As) / (0.85x280x100)
a = 0.176 As
Mu = F As fy (d- a/2) ====> As = Mu / (F fy (d - a/2)

As = (64.40 x 105) / (0.90x4200 (51.25 - a/2) )

===> : a= 0.176 As ; As = 1646.825 / (51.25 - 0.5 a)

 Primer tanteo:
a = 5.50 cm As = 33.96 cm2
a = 5.95 cm As = 34.11 cm2
a = 6.01 cm As = 34.13 cm2

====> :
USAR : F 1" @ 0.15 ACERO PRINCIPAL

Refuerzo transversal o de reparticin :

% Asr = 1750 / L 50%

% Asr = 1750 / 10000 17.50%

====> :
Asr = (17.50/100)*34.13 = 5.97 cm2

S= 2 x 100 / 5.97 = 33.48 --------> F 5/8" @ 0.33

====> :
USAR: F 5/8" @ 0.30

Refuerzo x Contraccin y Temperatura:

AST 0.75 Ag / fy = ( 1000mm x 550 mm) / 420 Mpa = 9.8 cm 2/m losa
(en ambas caras)

====> :
S= 2 x 100 / 9.8 = 20.41 --------> F 5/8" @ 0.20

====> : USAR: F 5/8" @ 0.20 ambas direcciones

Finalmente:
AST; F 5/8" @ .20 a/s

h=0.55 m

As reparticin o transversal
F 5/8" @ .30

As principal longitudinal F 1" @ 0.15

9.2 - Durabilidad
 Se ha considerado el peralte efectivo para F 1" y el diseo es con F 1" @ 0.15, por
lo que es conforme.

9.3 - Control de Agrietamiento

fs fsa = Z / (dcA)1/3 0.6 fy

Z= 30000 Kg/cm2 clima frio, recubrimiento r = 4.0 cm.

 F1"
t = 0.55

dc
r

dc = 4.0 + (1/2) * (2.5) = 5.25 cm

A = ( 2 dc b ) / N = (2*5.25*15) / 1 = 157.50 cm2

Por lo tanto:

fsa = 30000 / (5.25 * 157.50)1/3 = 3196.25 Kg/cm2 > 0.6 x 4200 = 2520

fsa = 2520 Kg/cm2

Clculo de fs actuante:

* Verificacin si la seccin est agrietada

MLOSA INTERIOR = 1.0 (16.50 + 25.66) = 42.0575 Tn-m

fc = M/S = M/((1/6)*b*h2) = (42.16*105)/((1/6)*100*552) = 83.42 Kg/cm2

fr = 0.63* f'c = 0.63 28 = 3.33 Mpa = 33.33 Kg/cm2

===>: Como fc > fr ===> la seccin est agrietada

* Clculo del esfuerzo (fs) en el acero para F 1" @ 0.15, considerando seccin agrietada.

As real = ( 100x5.1 ) / 13 = 39.23 cm2 (F1" @ 0.13)

1.00 m
ec fc
x x
d=49.75 cm
d-x d-x
nAs
es/n fs/n
DEFORMACIONES ESFUERZOS

(1/2) b x2 = n As (d-x) ; n = Es / Ec = 2040000 / 267524.98 8

(1/2)*(100)x2 = 8(39.23)(49.75-x) r = fs/fc = (0.6*4200) / (0.4*280) = 22.5
50 x2 = 313.84 (49.75-x)
50 x2+313.84x-15613.54 = 0 k = n / (n+r) = 0.262
x2+6.28x-312.27 = 0 j = 1 - k/3 = 0.913
x = 14.81 cm

Momento de Inercia seccin agrietada (Icr):

Icr = (1/3) b x3 + n As (d-x)2

Icr = (1/3)(100)(14.81)3 + 8(39.23)(49.75-14.81)2
Icr = 491423.44 cm4
 Esfuerzo actuante en el acero:

fs/n = M(d-x)/Icr

fs = 8x42.16x105(49.75-14.81)/491423.44 = 2392.22 Kg/cm2 < fsa=2520 Kg/cm2

====>: OK queda F 1" @ 0.13

9.4 - Estado Lmite de Fatiga

3.63 Tn 14.78 Tn 14.78 Tn
U = 0.75 (LL + IM) ; IM = 15%
4.30 m 9.0 m
Camin de diseo:

===>: Para L = 10.00 m; ingresa dos ejes:

R
3.57 Tn 14.78 Tn
0.837 m
4.30 m

Con Barett:
L
14.78 Tn

3.882 0.418

Se sale; solo ingresa un eje, el ms pesado al centro de luz.

ML = 43.39 Tn-m
U = 0.75 (43.39 + 0.15x43.39) = 37.43 Tn-m

a). Esfuerzo por traccin para el ancho efectivo de 01 carril cargado

E = 3.083 m; M = 37.43 / 3.083 = 12.140 Tn-m

fs / n = M(d-x)/Icr = 12.14x105(49.75-14.81)/491423.44 = 86.31 Kg/cm2

fs = 8 (86.31) = 691 Kg/cm2

b). Mximo rango de esfuerzos en las barras de acero (f f)

ff = 145 - 0.33 fmin + 55 (r/h) fmin = 0; tramo simplemente apoyado

r/n=0.3, recomendado
ff=145+55(0.30) = 161.50 Mpa
ff = 1615.00 Kg/cm2
====>:
fs = 691 Kg/cm2 < ff = 1615 Kg/cm2 ===> OK!
9.5 - Clculo Deformaciones

a) Por cargas permanentes (Para todo el ancho del puente)

W = 1.00x5.0 + 2x0.70 + 2x0.75x0.20x2.5 = 7.15 Tn/m

Mw = ( 1/8 ) x 8.05 x 15.002 = 100.63 Tn-m

d = (5/384)*WL4/(Ec Ie)

Ie = (Mcr/Mw)3 Ig + (1 - (Mcr/Mw)3)Icr ; Ig = (1/12)(500)703 =

Ig = 6932291.67

Mcr = fr Ig/Yt = 33.33 x 14291666.67 / 35 = 8401937.5 Kg-cm

84.02 Tn-m

Icr = 828124.38 x 5.0 = 2457117.18

Ie = (57.77/56.60)3 Ig + (1-(57.77/56.60)3)Icr
Ie = 1.063 Ig - 0.063 Icr
Ie = 1.063(3466666.67) - 0.063(1488325.33) = 7214228 cm4

Por lo tanto:

d = (5/384)*71.50*5004/(267524.98*3591302) = 0.03 cm -----> Deformacin

instantnea

Para tomar en cuenta deformacin lenta:

factor = 3 - 1.2 (As'/As) = 3.00

===> Deformacin total = 3 x 0.01 = 0.09 cm

b) Deflexin mxima por carga viva

dLL+IM = L / 800 = 500/800 = 0.63 cm

c) Contraflecha

= 0.03 + 0.63 = 0.72 cm

NTE LOSA DE CA (Puente 01)
Kg/cm2 < fsa=2520 Kg/cm2