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Appendix A
A pipette is a narrow glass tube used for measuring liquid or for moving small amounts
An iron stand is a metal rod attached to a metal base. The heavy base keeps the stand
stable, and the vertical metal rod allows for easy height adjustment of the iron ring or
clamp used to hold the substances to be heated above the Bunsen burner during heating.
laboratory equipment used to measure the volume of a liquid. It has a narrow cylindrical
shape. Each marked line on the graduated cylinder represents the amount of liquid that
equipment that produces a single open gas flame, which is used for heating, sterilization,
and combustion. The gas can be natural gas (which is mainly methane) or a liquefied
them. A clay triangle is placed on top of the iron ring to support a crucible when it is
being heated.
Test tubes are widely used by chemists to hold, mix, or heat small quantities of solid or
liquid chemicals, especially for qualitative experiments and assays. Their round bottom
and straight sides minimize mass loss when pouring, make them easier to clean, and
Definition of Terms
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance called solute to
dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseous solvent to form a solution of the solute in the
solvent
Miscible is a word used by chemists to explain why some liquids mix together well,
while others do not. Miscible liquids form homogeneous solutions, which is another way
Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular
(HCl) in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses.
Computations
Phenol Water:
Run No. 1:
1.05
= = ( ) (1)(0.80) = 0.84
1.05
= = ( ) (1)(0.20) = 0.21
24 + 23
= = 23.5
2
0.84
% = 100 = 100 = 7.6018%
+ 10.21 + .84
Run No. 2:
1.05
= = ( ) (2)(0.80) = 1.68
1.05
= = ( ) (2)(0.20) = 0.42
54 + 49
= = 51.5
2
1.68
% = 100 = 100 = 13.8843%
+ 10.42 + 1.68
Run No. 3
1.05
= = ( ) (3)(0.80) = 2.52
1.05
= = ( ) (3)(0.20) = 0.63
62 + 58
= = 60
2
2.52
% = 100 = 100 = 19.1635%
+ 10.63 + 2.52
Run No. 4:
1.05
= = ( ) (4)(0.80) = 3.36
1.05
= = ( ) (4)(0.20) = 0.84
64 + 60.5
= = 62.25
2
3.36
% = 100 = 100 = 23.6620%
+ 10.84 + 3.36
Run No. 5:
1.05
= = ( ) (5)(0.80) = 4.2
1.05
= = ( ) (5)(0.20) = 1.05
66 + 62
= = 64
2
4.2
% = 100 = 100 = 27.5410%
+ 11.05 + 4.2
Run No. 6
1.05
= = ( ) (6)(0.80) = 5.04
1.05
= = ( ) (6)(0.20) = 1.26
67 + 64
= = 65.5
2
5.04
% = 100 = 100 = 30.9202%
+ 11.26 + 5.04
Run No. 7
1.05
= = ( ) (7)(0.80) = 5.88
1.05
= = ( ) (7)(0.20) = 1.47
68 + 65
= = 66.5
2
5.88
% = 100 = 100 = 33.9905%
+ 11.47 + 5.88
Run No. 8
1.05
= = ( ) (8)(0.80) = 6.72
1.05
= = ( ) (8)(0.20) = 1.68
69 + 66.5
= = 67.75
2
6.72
% = 100 = 100 = 36.5217%
+ 11.68 + 6.72
Run No. 9:
1.05
= = ( ) (9)(0.80) = 7.56
1.05
= = ( ) (9)(0.20) = 1.89
69.5 + 65
= = 67.25
2
7.56
% = 100 = 100 = 38.8689%
+ 11.89 + 7.56
Run No. 10
1.05
= = ( ) (10)(0.80) = 8.4
1.05
= = ( ) (10)(0.20) = 2.1
69.5 + 65
= = 67.25
2
8.4
% = 100 = 100 = 40.9796%
+ 12.1 + 8.4
Run No. 11
1.05
= = ( ) (11)(0.80) = 9.24
1.05
= = ( ) (11)(0.20) = 2.31
69.5 + 65
= = 67.25
2
9.24
% = 100 = 100 = 42.8770%
+ 12.31 + 9.24
Run No. 12
1.05
= = ( ) (12)(0.80) = 10.08
1.05
= = ( ) (12)(0.20) = 2.52
69.5 + 65
= = 67.25
2
10.08
% = 100 = 100 = 44.6018%
+ 12.52 + 10.08
Phenol Water:
Run No. 1
1.05
= (10)(0.80) = 8.4
105
= (10)(0.2) = 2.1
= 3.1
8.4
% = 100 = 100 = 73.0435%
+ 8.4 + 3.1
Run No. 2
1.05
= (10)(0.80) = 8.4
105
= (10)(0.2) = 2.1
= 4.1
8.4
% = 100 = 100 = 67.2%
+ 8.4 + 4.1
Run No. 3
1.05
= (10)(0.80) = 8.4
105
= (10)(0.2) = 2.1
= 5.1
8.4
% = 100 = 100 = 62.2222%
+ 8.4 + 5.1
Run No. 4
1.05
= (10)(0.80) = 8.4
105
= (10)(0.2) = 2.1
= 6.1
8.4
% = 100 = 100 = 57.9310%
+ 8.4 + 6.1
Run No. 5
1.05
= (10)(0.80) = 8.4
105
= (10)(0.2) = 2.1
= 7.1
8.4
% = 100 = 100 = 54.1935%
+ 8.4 + 7.1
Run No. 6
1.05
= (10)(0.80) = 8.4
105
= (10)(0.2) = 2.1
= 8.1
8.4
% = 100 = 100 = 50.9091%
+ 8.4 + 8.1
Run No. 7
1.05
= (10)(0.80) = 8.4
105
= (10)(0.2) = 2.1
= 9.1
8.4
% = 100 = 100 = 48%
+ 8.4 + 9.1
Run No. 8
1.05
= (10)(0.80) = 8.4
105
= (10)(0.2) = 2.1
= 10.1
8.4
% = 100 = 100 = 45.4054%
+ 8.4 + 10.1
Run No. 9
1.05
= (10)(0.80) = 8.4
105
= (10)(0.2) = 2.1
= 11.1
8.4
% = 100 = 100 = 43.0769%
+ 8.4 + 11.1
Run No. 10
1.05
= (10)(0.80) = 8.4
105
= (10)(0.2) = 2.1
= 12.1
8.4
% = 100 = 100 = 40.9736%
+ 8.4 + 12.1
Run No. 11
1.05
= (10)(0.80) = 8.4
105
= (10)(0.2) = 2.1
= 13.1
8.4
% = 100 = 100 = 39.0698%
+ 8.4 + 13.1
Run No. 12
1.05
= (10)(0.80) = 8.4
105
= (10)(0.2) = 2.1
= 14.1
8.4
% = 100 = 100 = 37.3333%
+ 8.4 + 14.1
43.0769
= 94 100
43.0769 100 43.0769
+
94 18
= 12.6569%
Appendix D
Answer to Problems
1. At 30C a mixture of C6H5OH and H2O is made up containing 60% by weight H2O.
The mixture splits into two layers, the C6H5OH layer containing 70% by weight of
C6H5OH and the H2O layer containing 92% by weight of H2O. Calculate the relative
Given:
40 = 0.7X+0.08Y
600.3
60 = 0.3X + 0.92Y Y= 0.92
60 0.3
40 = 0.7 + 0.08
0.92
X = 51.6129 g C6H5OH layer
2. A mixture of aniline and H2O is made up containing 30% by weight of aniline. From
figure 12-16 (Maron and Lando) determine graphically the relative weights of the two
layers which form and the proportion of the total amount of aniline present in each layer
at 40C.
Given: 30 %wt aniline
Y =g of water layer
30 = 0.94X + 0.04Y
70 = 0.06X + 0.96Y
70 0.06
=
0.96
70 0.06
30 = 0.94 + 0.04
0.96
X = 28.8889 g aniline layer
@ aniline layer :
0.9428.8889
100% = 90.8156 %
30
@ water layer :
0.04 71.1111
100% = 9.4815 %
30
Appendix E
Documentation
Figure E.7 Preparation of 80% Phenol Solution Figure E.8 Determination of Clouding Temp.
Appendix G