SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

Halida Aulia El-Islamy 4114 100 050
Varisha Vada Zumar 4114 100 079

I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
To understand about the fluid flow both liquid and gas in design, an aplication is
need to help a designer to analyze or predict quickly and accurately. In this case, the
application is called Computational Fluid Dynamics.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the use of applied mathematics, physics

and computational software to visualize how a gas or liquid flows -- as well as how the
gas or liquid affects objects as it flows past. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a
branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and data structures to solve and
analyze problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform the
calculations required to simulate the interaction of liquids and gases with surfaces
defined by boundary conditions. Computational fluid dynamics is based on the Navier-
Stokes equations. These equations describe how the velocity, pressure, temperature,
and density of a moving fluid are related
The use of CFD generally corresponds to the following four things:

1. Study the concept of the new design

2. Product development in detail
3. Analysis of failure or troubleshooting
4. Redesign

The reasons why CFDs are highly recommended are insight, foresight and
efficiency (efficiency of time and cost).

1.2 Objective
The objective of this research is to find and compare the preassure of circular
form using CFD theoritical calculation and to find the preassure of the cylindar of the
CFD simulation.
 SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Halida Aulia El-Islamy 4114 100 050
Varisha Vada Zumar 4114 100 079

II. METHODOLOGY
START

Determine the
dimensions of the object

Create the object and

tank model using
ANSYS ICEM CFD

Mesh the object

Analysis the pressure

coefficient with ANSYS
CFX

Preparing the boundary

conditions

Valid

FINISH

There are basically three stages to perform the CFD simulation; preprocessing,
solving, and postprocessing.
 SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Halida Aulia El-Islamy 4114 100 050
Varisha Vada Zumar 4114 100 079

Preprocessing is the first step in building and analyzing a CFD model. Technically
in creating a model in the CAD package (Computer Aided Design), is to make the
appropriate mesh and then apply boundary conditions and fluid properties.

Solving, solvers (CFD solutions finder core program) calculates the conditions
applied at the time of preprocessing.

Postprocessing, is the last step in CFD analysis. This step is to organize and
interpret the data of CFD simulation result which can be in the from of picture, curve,
or animation.
The following procedures are present in all CFD program approaches:

The geometry of the model

Field or volume filled by fluid is divided into small cells
Defining the physical model, such as motion equations, enthalpy, or species
conservation (the substances we define, are usually the components of a reactant).
 SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Halida Aulia El-Islamy 4114 100 050
Varisha Vada Zumar 4114 100 079

III. WORKS
In performing the CFD simulation, can be explained by these following steps.
Preprocessing stage in here is to make the mesh of the cylinder and apply boundary conditions
and dluid properties.
3.1 Determining dimension of the objects.
Making a cylinder and a tank for this research

3.2 Creating Cylinder and Tank with ICEM CFD

Creating geometry for cylinder with ICEM CFD is started by opening ANSYS
program. Open ANSYS ICEM CFD

After that, create dots that form a right angle to make the circle as the side of the
cylinder and connect them with curve. After a cylinder is made, make another cylinder
as the other side of the cyliner and continue to make the surface.
 SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Halida Aulia El-Islamy 4114 100 050
Varisha Vada Zumar 4114 100 079

Continued by creating geometry for tank, this step is started by creating dots
that form a tank in dimension that has been determined and then connect them to make
boundary lines. Make another rectangle and connect both rectangle with determined
length in between to make a tank. After a tank is made, determine each part as the inlet,
outlet, wall, object (cylinder) and fluida as diagonal of the tank. Then the meshing
process can be done.

3.3 Meshing Process

Before the meshing process is done, first create a body in the space where the
fluid flow is located. Body can mean the boundary of closed space that can be reached
by the fluid, so the room beyond the reach of the body (the blocked space of the
surface) can not be meshing as not to be passed by fluid flow.

Go to Mesh menu

In the Global Mesh Setup, enter the value 1.0 on the Scale factor and the value 1.0 on
the Max element

In Part Mesh Setup, check all the options on prism, and fill in 1 for all max size
 SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Halida Aulia El-Islamy 4114 100 050
Varisha Vada Zumar 4114 100 079

First go to Mesh menu, in the Global Mesh Setup, enter the value 1.0 on the Scale
factor and the value 1.0 on the Max element. In Part Mesh Setup, check all the options
on prism, and fill in 1 for all max size. Select all surfaces to be meshed in the Surface
Mesh Setup. So, on all surfaces that we make will be a Meshing process. The final
step of the meshing process is Compute Mesh and the meshing process will run which
the time required depends on the quality of meshing and the capabilities of the
computer used. If the steps have finished, from the results of meshing can be seen if
the process is good or not, is smooth or not and whether meshing that made is in
accordance with the expected. After that, select the software solver that will be used
by clicking menu Output and Select Solver.
Exit the ICEM CFD, and then open the software solver that will be used

3.4 Running Process

On All Programs click CFX on ANSYS 12. On Ansys there are 4 toolbars:
1. Turbogrid
2. CFX-Pre (Preprocessing, define the input data)
3. CFX-Solver Manager (Solving)
4. CFX-Post (Post Processing)
Before entering the preprocessing, first specified the location of the directory where
the export file from the meshing application is placed, once the directory is set up,
click on CFX-Pre 12.0
In the exit window, click File Import Mesh
In Files of type, select ICEM CFD (* cfx * cfx5 * msh) which is the type of file created
In Principal 3D Regions, right-click BODY Insert Domain (area covered by body
on ICEM CFD we will make as Domain)
In Fluid Models, we use Thermal Energy on Heat Transfer on Fluid Models menu and
click OK
The fluid to be used has been defined
Then proceed with the settings on each part (part)
There are 4 different parts, in this case we call Inlet, Outlet, Cylinder and Wall
In Principal 2D Regions, right-click Inlet Insert Boundary Inlet (because this
time the inlet we will use as a fluid inlet).
On Boundary Details, Mass and Momentum with Normal Speed 3 m /s, Heat Transfer
with Static Temperature 80 degrees Celsius.
Do the same for the other part of OUTLET, BALL and WALL
For Outlet, Mass and Momentum use Average Static Pressure with Relative Pressure
0 pa.
For Circle and Wall, make it as Wall with No Slip Wall setting
 SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Halida Aulia El-Islamy 4114 100 050
Varisha Vada Zumar 4114 100 079

The overall fluid condition is determined. Next go to Solver Control, use default
setting with Max value. Iterations 100
Click Define Run and save it with the name wanted. The CFX-Solver Manager
window will open automatically. Click Start Run
Running process is running. Wait for the Running process to finish
After the Running process is complete, check the available options and click OK
The CFX-Solver Manager window will close and the CFX-Post window will open
automatically, from the CFX post then we determie the point based on variable of
angles (0o, 15, 30o, 45, 60o,, 75, 90o, 105, 120o, 135, 150o, 165, 180o).

Then, the pressure of each angle will be determined. After that, the value of the
pressure substitute to the CP formula, cp = 1-4sin^2
When,

Po = 101,25
= 1000
v= 1
Then, the pressure distribution of a circular from using CFD theretical will be different
on each different angle

CP (formula) P (CFD) [Pa] CP (CFD

0 1 531 0,8595
15 0,732050808 462,3 0,7221
30 0 184,2 0,1659
45 -1 -209,7 -0,6219
60 -2 -634,3 -1,4711
75 -2,73205081 -875,1 -1,9527
90 -3 -871,7 -1,9459
105 -2,73205081 -636,2 -1,4749
120 -2 -338,1 -0,8787
135 -1 -170,4 -0,5433
150 0 -119,8 -0,4421
165 0,732050808 -87 -0,3765
180 1 -86,6 -0,3757
 SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Halida Aulia El-Islamy 4114 100 050
Varisha Vada Zumar 4114 100 079

IV. ANALYSIS METHOD

The pressure distribution of a circular from using CFD theretical will be
different on each different angle (0o, 15, 30o, 45, 60o,, 75, 90o, 105, 120o, 135, 150o,
165, 180o). The reasons why the pressure drops at 90 degrees is because at that point ,
the curvature is major. Using the Euler Equation (or the Bernoulli Equation in an
incompressible fluid), a curved streamline experiences a net froce towards the center of
curvature. Since the pressure far from the curvature is almost equal P0, when we move
toward the curvature, the pressure drops. CP\p from the formula and CFD are different
because of the viscosity value. For the Cp formula in this report is inviscid formula,
while the CFD uses 1.10-50 for viscosity.
 SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Halida Aulia El-Islamy 4114 100 050
Varisha Vada Zumar 4114 100 079

V. CONCLUSION
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses
numerical analysis and data structures to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid
flows. Computers are used to perform the calculations required to simulate the interaction
of liquids and gases with surfaces defined by boundary conditions.The pressure
distribution of a circular from using CFD theretical will be different on each different
angle (0o, 15, 30o, 45, 60o,, 75, 90o, 105, 120o, 135, 150o, 165, 180o). The reasons why
the pressure drops at 90 degrees is because at that point , the curvature is major and also
because of the different of the viscosity.
 SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Halida Aulia El-Islamy 4114 100 050
Varisha Vada Zumar 4114 100 079

REFERENCES

http://www.thermopedia.com/content/637. Accesed 5/30/2017.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_fluid_dynamics. Accesed 5/29/2017.