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Analysis of variance is the process of partitioning and discomposing total variation contained in
data into various independent components each of which is attributed to an identifiable causes or
source of variation and a further component due to chance faster. The analysis of variance
procedure of F-test is used in such problems where we want to test for the significance of the
difference among more than two sample means. In fact, the technique of analysis of variance is
one of the most powerful of statistical methods developed by R.A. Fisher. According to R.A.
Fisher-Analysis of variance is the separator of variance ascribable to one group of causes from
the variance ascribable to other group. ANOVA is a particular form of statistical hypothesis
testing heavily used in the analysis of experimental data. Before the use of ANOVA, the t-
test and z-test were commonly used. But the problem with the T -test is that it
cannot be applied for more than two groups.
1) Each sample is drawn randomly from a normal population and the sample statistics
tend to reflect the characteristics of the population.
2) The populations from which the samples are drawn have identical means and
variance.
If we set the Type one error to be .05, and we have several groups, each time we
test a mean against another there would be a .05 probability of having a type one
error rate. This would mean that with six T -tests you would have a 0.30 (.056)
probability of having a type one error rate. This is much higher than the desired
.05.ANOVA creates a way to test several hypothesis at the same time.
One-Way:
When we compare more than two groups, based on one factor, this is called one
way ANOVA. For example, it is used if a manufacturing company wants to
compare the productivity of three or more employees based on working hours.
This is called one way ANOVA.
One-way classification table;
Two-Way: