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SP _Tb`dXbP T\ RX~]RXPb b^RXPXb TbcTb by^ aTbd[cPS^b
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13
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14
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SP PRTXcP{y^ RXT]cUXRP SP X]cT[XV~]RXP T\^RX^]P[ 0^ U^a\d[Pa
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STeT bTa _a^VaTbbXeP\T]cT aTeXbPS^ T P_TaUTX{^PS^ ]P \TSXSP
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15
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16
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17
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18
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RaXP]{Pb* \PXb T\_aTV^b T \T]^b RaX\X]P[XSPST aTbd[c^d T\
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19
_aXeX[TVXPS^b R^\^ TgTRdcXe^b ST P[c^ ]eT[ T RaXP]{Pb ST
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Wd\P]PbP[RP]{P]S^Q[^R^bVTaP[\T]cT]TV[XVT]RXPS^bR^\^Pb
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QT]TUXRXPa T]^a\T\T]cT ST WPQX[XSPSTb aTU^a{PS^aPb R^\^
R^]ca^[T SP aPXeP Pdc^R^]bRX~]RXP T T\_PcXP D\P eTi
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bdPbR^\d]XSPSTbbTc^a]PaXP\\PXbbTVdaPb
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T\_aTV^b T R^\d]XSPSTb bTay^ c^S^b \PXb Wd\P]^b T
P[T]cPS^aTb

20
 3UHIiFLRj(GLomR%UDVLOHLUD

4bRaTeX 9^dU\YW^SYQ 5]_SY_^Q\ T\ \TX^ P d\P bT]bP{y^ ST

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ST S^T]{P b^RXP[ bTYP d\P ]^eP U^a\P ST X]cTaPVXa\^b ]^
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Yu Wu bX]PXb ]TbbT _Pb `dT P_^]cP\ _PaP P T\TaV~]RXP ST
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eXby^ ST \d]S^ caPi R^]bXV^ ^ Xb^[P\T]c^ T P STcTaX^aP{y^ SPb
aT[P{Tbb^RXPXb0[T]cPSTbX]cTVaP{y^SPeXSPT\R^\d]XSPSTT
P ]TRTbbXSPST ST Pdc^PUXa\P{y^ Tbcy^ PR^]cTRT]S^
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cT]bTb T _aTbbTb ST ^aST\ TR^]\XRP `dT ]y^ TgXbcXP\ ]P
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S^\X]PaT\ Pb WPQX[XSPSTb Wd\P]Pb TbbT]RXPXb `dT by^
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bXV]XUXRPcXePb
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P_cXSy^ QubXRP S^ R^aP{y^ CP[ R^\^ W^YT ^R^aaT ]^b 4bcPS^b
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T]bX]P\T]c^b _PaP d\P P_cXSy^ _Tbb^P[ Ud]SP\T]cP[  P

21
P[UPQTcXiP{y^T\^RX^]P[

22
 2'HVDILRGH$ULVWyWHOHV

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[^]V^ S^ _TaRdab^ ]^ ST]b^ cauUTV^ S^ RT]ca^ SP RXSPST C^S^b
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|_^RP ]y^ SPeP \dXcP PcT]{y^ _PaP d\P P[cTaP{y^
R^\_^acP\T]cP[ `dT ^R^aaTbbT STbbT \^S^ 0 _bXR^[^VXP ]y^

23
R^]WTRXP _aPcXRP\T]cT ]PSP PRTaRP S^b \TRP]Xb\^b SP
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eadb ST QT\TbcPa R^]bcPc^ `dT P`dT[T \^c^aXbcP TaP d\P
Tb_|RXT ST _PRXUXRPS^a daQP]^ d\P Tb_|RXT ST \PV^ `dT cX]WP
^_^STaSTcaP]b\dcPaPb^cda]PXaaXcPQX[XSPST`dTUTaeX[WPeP]^b
_PbbPVTXa^bSTbTd]XQdbSTP\^[TRTaTPQaXaR^aP{Tb
4\ VaXcP]cT R^]caPbcT P[Vd\Pb \Pc|aXPb ST Y^a]P[ SP`dT[P
bT\P]P)

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STePbcP{y^ STaaP\P]S^ cX]cP ]Pb RPacTXaPb R^\_dcPS^aTb
T X\_aTbb^aPb eP]SP[XiP]S^ d\ RPaa^ ]^ TbcPRX^]P\T]c^
SP TbR^[P <^cXe^) P[Vd]b R^[TVPb ST R[PbbT ^ WPeXP\
RWP\PS^STQTQ~TT[T`dXbX\_aTbbX^]u[^b
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cTa\X]P`dP]S^d\S^bVPa^c^bR^\T{PPPcXaPaR^\d\P
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^QbTaeP `dT ]^b [cX\^b P]^b cXa^cTX^b _^a \^cXe^b UcTXb
\Pb T]RPaPS^b R^\^ Pc^b ST STbaTb_TXc^ bT c^a]PaP\
RPSPeTi\PXbR^\d]bT\c^S^^_Pb
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`dT TbcPeP\ P_T]Pb cT]cP]S^ SXbRX_[X]Pa ^ UX[W^ 4bbPb
bdaaPb UPcPXb U^aP\ _a^e^RPSPb _^a X]UaP{Tb S^ cX_^ P
RaXP]{PUXRPa]PUaT]cTSPCERW^aPa^dbdYPaUaP[SPb
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T[T SXi `dT ]y^ R^]bTVdT UXRPa ]d\ T\_aTV^ `dT QTQT T
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PdSeT[ PaVd\T]cP) =y^ _Pa^ ST [P\T]cPa cdS^ ^ `dT
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P[TacP b^QaT P STbX]cTVaP{y^ SP RXeX[XSPST T SP bTVdaP]{P d\P
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PaaT_XP]cT STbT]UaTX^ ST T\^{Tb T\ ]^bbPb _a_aXPb eXSPb T
]Pb SPb _Tbb^Pb `dT ]^b RTaRP\ =X]Vd|\ Tbcu P bP[e^ STbbP
TaaucXRP \Pa| ST STbR^]ca^[T T ST _^bcTaX^a PaaT_T]SX\T]c^
T[PX]ePST]^bbPbeXSPbSTd\YTXc^^dST^dca^

24
 0 [cX\P S|RPSP cT\ _aTbT]RXPS^ d\ R^]bcP]cT Q^\QPaSTX^
ST ]^cRXPb STbbT V~]Ta^ `dT aTcaPcP\ ^ Pd\T]c^ ST X]|_RXP
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T T\ ]^bbPb eXSPb T\ R^[TcXeXSPST 4bbTb P]^b c~\ TbRaXc^ P
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b^[XSy^ SPb RaXP]{Pb caP]RPSPb R^\ P CE `dT [WTb bTaeT ST
QPQu ]^ b^UaX\T]c^ SPb RaXP]{Pb PQP]S^]PSPb Tb`dTRXSPb ^d
\P[caPcPSPb ^d ]P STbPVaPSueT[ X]cX\XSPST SP eX^[~]RXP
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ST TbcPcbcXRPb `dT ST\^]bcaP\ d\ Pd\T]c^ \d]SXP[ S^b RPb^b
ST ST_aTbby^ T ]^b X]SXRPS^aTb ST d\P aT_T]cX]P ^]SP ST
PVaTbby^  PS^[TbRT]cTb `dT ey^ Pa\PS^b _PaP P TbR^[P
X]UaP{Tb ST caw]bXc^ ]P TbcaPSP `dT cTa\X]P\ T\ cXa^b Tg
T\_aTVPS^b STbR^]cT]cTb `dT \PbbPRaP\ P]cXV^b R^[TVPb ST
caPQP[W^ 1Rec_ U]_SY_^Q\ TbYfURi cX__dY^WK!M T dU^cz_ `c
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ST Y^a]P[XbcP S^ DXU >Ug I_b[ DY]Uc eT]W^ PR^\_P]WP]S^ ^
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P RaTbRT]cT RP[P\XSPST ]P eXSP T\^RX^]P[ _PacX[WPSP _T[^b
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aVy^ 4[Pb c^a]PaP\ eXbeT[ _T[P _aX\TXaP eTi ]P WXbcaXP
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X]caXRPSP `dP]cXSPST ST R|[d[Pb T]`dP]c^ _T]bP\^b T bT]cX\^b
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[uVaX\Pb T R^\^ _PacTb \PXb _aX\XcXePb S^ R|aTQa^ `dT ]^b
X]RXcP\ P UPiTa P VdTaaP T ^ P\^a by^ RP]P[XiPSPb _PaP ^
\T[W^a ^d ^ _X^a 4bbP [di bT\ _aTRTST]cTb b^QaT ^b
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P[Vd]b]^e^baT\|SX^b_PaP]^bbPRaXbTT\^RX^]P[R^[TcXeP
CXeT ST Tb_TaPa `dT P _Tb`dXbP RXT]cUXRP UXRPbbT
25
bdUXRXT]cT\T]cT R^\_[TcP _PaP TbRaTeTa TbcT [Xea^ 4bbPb
^QbTaeP{Tbe~\R^\d\RTac^PcaPb^T\VaP]ST_PacT_^a`dT
^ [dVPa S^b bT]cX\T]c^b ]P eXSP \T]cP[ U^X P^ [^]V^ S^b P]^b
bda_aTT]ST]cT\T]cT STb_aTiPS^ _T[P _Tb`dXbP UPiT]S^ SPb
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Pdc^PYdSP R^]bT[W^b QT\X]cT]RX^]PS^b QPbTPS^b ]P \T[W^a
SPb WX_cTbTb T\ ^_X]XTb R[]XRPb \Pb R^\ _^dRP ^d
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PQ^aSPa R^\ Pdc^aXSPST TbbPb `dTbcTb daVT]cTb T
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`dT ^ @8 | d\ SPS^ VT]|cXR^ X\_^bbeT[ ST bTa P[cTaPS^ _T[P
Tg_TaX~]RXP ST eXSP T `dT ]^bb^ STbcX]^ | T\ VaP]ST _PacT
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@dT UPc^aTb T]caP\ T\ Y^V^ _^a TgT\_[^ `dP]S^ _Tbb^Pb ST
P[c^ @8 \P[^VaP\ T P`dT[Pb R^\ d\ @8 \^STbc^ bT bPT\
bda_aTT]ST]cT\T]cTQT\.4dSXaXP`dT^`dTUPiPSXUTaT]{Pby^
P_cXSTb P`dX RWP\PSPb ST Y^dU\YW^SYQ U]_SY_^Q\ Pb `dPXb
X]R[dT\ Pdc^R^]ca^[T iT[^ T _TabXbc~]RXP T P RP_PRXSPST ST
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X]cT[TRcdP[`dT[WTbcT]WPbXS^[TVPS^_T[P[^cTaXPVT]|cXRP
0[|\ STbbP _^bbXQX[XSPST TbcP\^b SXP]cT ST d\ _aT\T]cT
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T\^RX^]P[ ST_T]ST SP [XVP{y^ T]caT bT]cX\T]c^ RPaucTa T
X]bcX]c^b \^aPXb 7u RaTbRT]cTb X]SRX^b ST `dT _^bcdaPb |cXRPb
Ud]SP\T]cPXb ]P eXSP e~\ ST P_cXSTb T\^RX^]PXb bdQYPRT]cTb
?^a TgT\_[^ ^ X\_d[b^ | ^ eTRd[^ SP T\^{y^* P bT\T]cT ST
c^S^X\_d[b^|d\bT]cX\T]c^Tg_[^SX]S^_PaPTg_aTbbPabTT\
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ST R^]ca^[Pa ^b X\_d[b^b | P QPbT SP U^a{P ST e^]cPST T S^
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S^`dT^^dca^ ]TRTbbXcP^dSTbTd STbTb_Ta^^T]e^[eX\T]c^ |
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26
TgXVT\by^_aTRXbP\T]cTTbcPb)Pdc^R^]ca^[TT_XTSPST

1266$9,$*(0

=TbcT [Xea^ Td Pcd^ R^\^ d\ VdXP ]d\P eXPVT\ PcaPe|b ST
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\^\T]c^bST]^bbPbeXSPbTS^\d]S^`dT]^bRTaRP>UX\SP
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bT]cX\T]c^ cT\ d\ TUTXc^ \TX^ _PaTRXS^ R^\ ^ X\_PRc^
RPdbPS^_T[^^QbTaePS^a]^]eT[SPUbXRP`dw]cXRP`dTP[cTaP^
`dTTbcubT]S^^QbTaePS^
=^bbP eXPVT\ R^\T{P ]P ?PacT D\ R^\ Pb ]^ePb
STbR^QTacPb b^QaT P Pa`dXcTcdaP T\^RX^]P[ S^ R|aTQa^ Pb `dPXb
Tg_[XRP\ P`dT[Tb \^\T]c^b \PXb STbR^]RTacP]cTb ST ]^bbPb
eXSPb `dP]S^ ^ bT]cX\T]c^ Tb\PVP c^SP aPRX^]P[XSPST 0
R^\_aTT]by^ SP X]cTaP{y^ TgXbcT]cT T]caT Pb TbcadcdaPb S^
R|aTQa^ `dT R^\P]SP\ ]^bb^b \^\T]c^b ST XaP T \TS^  ^d
_PXgy^TP[TVaXPaTeT[P\dXc^b^QaTRTac^bWuQXc^bT\^RX^]PXb
PS`dXaXS^b `dT b^[P_P\ ]^bbPb \T[W^aTb X]cT]{Tb T cP\Q|\
b^QaT ^ `dT _^ST\^b UPiTa _PaP S^\X]Pa X\_d[b^b STbcadXS^aTb
^d `dT Yu caPiT\ R^]bXV^ P _a_aXP STbcadX{y^ <PXb X\_^acP]cT
PX]SP^bSPS^bU^a]TRXS^b_T[P_Tb`dXbPT\]Tda^[^VXPbdVTaT\
P TgXbc~]RXP ST d\P Q^P ^_^acd]XSPST _PaP \^[SPa ^b WuQXc^b
T\^RX^]PXbST]^bb^bUX[W^b
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\^bcaP R^\^ ^b SPS^b ]Tda^[VXR^b PcdP\ b^QaT ^ Y^cdY^d_
RvcYS_ `QbQ fYfUb SXQ]QT_ Y^dU\YW^SYQ U]_SY_^Q\) _^a
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bT]cX\T]c^b \PXb ]cX\^b ST ^dcaT\* [XSPa caP]`X[P\T]cT R^\
aT[PRX^]P\T]c^bR^\^SXbbT0aXbccT[TbPaPaPRP_PRXSPSTST
iP]VPabTR^\P_Tbb^PRTacP]P\TSXSPRTacP]PW^aPRTacP
_T[^ \^cXe^ RTac^ T SP \P]TXaP RTacP >b [TXc^aTb `dT ]y^
bT]cT\PcaP{y^_^aSTcP[WTb]Tda^[VXR^bcP[eTi_aTUXaP\_PbbPa
SXaTcP\T]cT_PaPTbbP_PacT
4bbT \^ST[^ P\_[XPS^ S^ `dT bXV]XUXRP bTa X]cT[XVT]cT
R^[^RP Pb T\^{Tb ]^ RT]ca^ SPb P_cXSTb _PaP eXeTa 0 ?PacT
Ca~b TgP\X]P P X\_^acw]RXP STbbP P_cXSy^) R^\^ TbbTb cP[T]c^b
_aTbTaeP\ ]^bb^b aT[PRX^]P\T]c^b \PXb eP[X^b^b ^d R^\^ P
Pdb~]RXP ST[Tb ^b R^aaX* R^\^ Pb U^a{Pb ST \TaRPS^ `dT Tbcy^
aT\^ST[P]S^ ]^bbP eXSP _a^UXbbX^]P[ R^\T{P\ P eP[^aXiPa P
X]cT[XV~]RXP T\^RX^]P[ _PaP d\ \T[W^a STbT\_T]W^ ]^
caPQP[W^* R^\^ Pb T\^{Tb ]^RXePb by^ cy^ SP]^bPb _PaP ]^bbP
27
bPST UbXRP `dP]c^ Ud\Pa STbQaPVPSP\T]cT T R^\^ ^ T`dX[QaX^
T\^RX^]P[_aTbTaePP]^bbPbPSTTQT\TbcPa
=^bbPWTaP]{PVT]|cXRP]^bS^cPSTd\Pb|aXTSTaTUTaT]RXPXb
`dTSTcTa\X]P\]^bb^cT\_TaP\T]c^<Pb^bRXaRdXc^bRTaTQaPXb
T]e^[eXS^b by^ TgcaP^aSX]PaXP\T]cT \P[TueTXb* cT\_TaP\T]c^
]y^|STbcX]^2^\^\^bcaPP?PacT@dPca^Pb[X{TbT\^RX^]PXb
`dT P_aT]ST\^b ]P X]Uw]RXP bTYP T\ RPbP ^d ]P TbR^[P
\^ST[P\^bRXaRdXc^bT\^RX^]PXbc^a]P]S^]^b\PXbP_c^b^d
X]P_c^b  ]^b Ud]SP\T]c^b SP X]cT[XV~]RXP T\^RX^]P[ 8bb^
bXV]XUXRP `dT P X]Uw]RXP T P PS^[TbR~]RXP by^ cX\Pb
^_^acd]XSPSTb _PaP STcTa\X]Pa ^b WuQXc^b T\^RX^]PXb QubXR^b
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0 ?PacT 2X]R^ TgP\X]P `dT aXbR^b PVdPaSP\ P`dT[Tb `dT P^
RWTVPaT\ v \PcdaXSPST ]y^ S^\X]P\ ^ RP\_^ T\^RX^]P[
R^\^ Pb STUXRX~]RXPb T\ X]cT[XV~]RXP T\^RX^]P[ P\_[XP\ P
VP\PSTaXbR^bSTbSTPST_aTbby^^dd\PeXSPSTeX^[~]RXPPc|
^b SXbcaQX^b P[X\T]cPaTb T ^ eRX^ T\ Sa^VPb 4 aT[PcP R^\^
TbR^[Pb _X^]TXaPb Tbcy^ T]bX]P]S^ vb RaXP]{Pb Pb P_cXSTb
T\^RX^]PXb T b^RXPXb `dT T[Pb ]TRTbbXcP\ _PaP \P]cTa P eXSP
T\T`dX[QaX^
CP[eTi P X]U^a\P{y^ \PXb _TacdaQPS^aP STbcT [Xea^ eT]WP ST
d\P \PRX{P _Tb`dXbP R^\ _PXb T _a^UTbb^aTb `dT aTeT[P d\P
cT]S~]RXP\d]SXP[SPPcdP[VTaP{y^X]UP]cX[STbTa\PXbbdYTXcPP
_TacdaQP{TbT\^RX^]PXb`dTPVTaP{y^P]cTaX^a)\PXbb^[XcuaXPT
ST_aX\XSP\PXbaTe^[cPSPTaTQT[ST\PXb]Tae^bPT_a^_T]bPP
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BT Wu d\ aT\|SX^ PRW^ `dT T[T R^]bXbcT ]P _aT_PaP{y^ ST
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T\^RX^]P[ ST ]^bb^b UX[W^b P^ PRPb^ R^\ R^]bT`~]RXPb RPSP
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28
2^\^ ^QbTaeP 0aXbccT[Tb ^ _a^Q[T\P ]y^ Tbcu ]P
T\^RX^]P[XSPST \Pb ]P QTUaeQ|z_ SP T\^{y^ T bdP
\P]XUTbcP{y^ 0 `dTbcy^ |) R^\^ _^ST\^b [TePa X]cT[XV~]RXP vb
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]^bbPeXSPR^\d]XcuaXP.

[1] Rajadas de tiros disparadas de um carro em movimento. (N. do T.)

29
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31
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32
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33
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34
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35
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eT[^RXSPST \TcPQ[XRP S^ R^a_^ UXRP aTSdiXSP 4bbT
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bTYP[P\T]cPSPd\P_TaSP^dUadbcaP{y^_PaPRP_cPabdPb
R^]bT`~]RXPb _PaP P eXSP T _PaP _[P]TYPa d\ aTR^\T{^
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Wd\P]^b cTeT ST bd_^acPa STbST ^ P[e^aTRTa SP WXbcaXP
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v X]Uw]RXP T T\ `dT _^dR^b PSd[c^b eXeTaP\ \PXb S^ `dT caX]cP
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36
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P UPiTa _PacT ST ]^bb^ aT_TacaX^ T\^RX^]P[ cP\Q|\ STR[X]^d
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> \PaXS^ P_PXg^]PaPbT _^a d\P \d[WTa \PXb Y^eT\ R^\
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P RPbP SX]WTXa^ T RdbcSXP S^b UX[W^b 0V^aP _PbbPS^b P[Vd]b
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D\ P \T]cT aPRX^]P[ | ^ \^S^ ST R^\_aTT]by^ ST `dT T\
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PcT]c^ T RP_Pi ST _^]STaPa T aTU[TcXa <Pb P[|\ STbbT Wu d\
^dca^ bXbcT\P ST R^]WTRX\T]c^ `dT | X\_d[bXe^ T _^STa^b^
T\Q^aP vb eTiTb X[VXR^  P \T]cT T\^RX^]P[ ?PaP d\P
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T\^RX^]P[eTa^0_~]SXRT1
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_^_d[Pa\T]cT | UTXcP T]caT R^aP{y^ T RPQT{P* bPQTa `dT

37
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7u d\P PRT]cdPSP VaPSP{y^ ]P _a^_^a{y^ T]caT R^]ca^[T
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_PaPa_PaP_T]bPa^`dTUPiTa_^STaXP]^bRdbcPaPeXSP
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S^ cT\_^ ^_TaP\ T\ TbcaTXcP WPa\^]XP T]caT[P{P]S^ bTdb
\^S^bSTR^]WTRX\T]c^_PaP`dT]^b^aXT]cT\^b]^\d]S^4\
VTaP[ Wu d\ T`dX[QaX^ T]caT Pb \T]cTb T\^RX^]P[ T aPRX^]P[
R^\ P T\^{y^ P[X\T]cP]S^ T X]U^a\P]S^ Pb ^_TaP{Tb SP
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eTcP]S^ P T]caPSP SPb T\^{Tb <Pb by^ UPRd[SPSTb bT\X
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bucXaPPRTaRPSTbbP_TaT]TcT]by^T]caTaPiy^TT\^{y^)(

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W^\T\ R^\d\ STXgP QPbcP]cT R[Pa^ 0 APiy^ UPi P
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Ua\d[PbSTeXacdSTT]`dP]c^Pb^dcaPbSdPbP\P]SP\
_PaP ^ SXPQ^ `dT P RPaaTVdT T c^a]P\bT RPSP eTi
\PXb adXS^bPb T X]bd[cP]cTb Pc| `dT _^a UX\ bdP
6^eTa]P]cTbTTgPdaTSTbXbcTTaT]STbT

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?PaP \T[W^a T]cT]STa P T]^a\T X]U[d~]RXP SPb T\^{Tb b^QaT P

aPiy^T_^a`dTbT]cX\T]c^TaPiy^T]caP\cy^_a^]cP\T]cT

38
T\ VdTaaP  eTYP\^b R^\^ ^ R|aTQa^ Te^[dXd > R|aTQa^
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Wd\P]^aTUPi\PXb^d\T]^bTbbT_TaRdab^Te^[dRX^]uaX^
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bd_aT\^_PaPPb^QaTeXe~]RXP
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T\^{y^ `dT PRPQPaP\ c^a]P]S^bT bdUXRXT]cT\T]cT VaP]STb
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adSX\T]cPaTb ^ RT]ca^ ^[UPcXe^ R^\_d]WPbT ST _^dR^ \PXb ST
c~]dTb RP\PSPb ST ]Tda]X^b aTd]XS^b _PaP P]P[XbPa ^ RWTXa^
D\P RP\PSP ST R|[d[Pb aTRTQXP ^ `dT TaP RWTXaPS^ T ^
R[PbbXUXRPeP T\ RPcTV^aXPb aT[TeP]cTb) R^\TbceT[ ^d cgXR^
bTgdP[\T]cT PRTbbeT[ X]X\XV^ ^d R^\XSP D\P bTVd]SP
RP\PSP ST R|[d[Pb T]eXPeP \T]bPVT]b aTU[TgXePb P c^S^ ^
bXbcT\P ]Tae^b^ SXiT]S^ P^ R^a_^ ^ `dT UPiTa) \^aSTa Rdb_Xa
PQ^aSPaUdVXaRP{Pa 
39
 2^\ ^ PSeT]c^ S^b _aX\TXa^b \P\UTa^b eXTaP\ ]^ePb T
STRXbXePbRP\PSPbRWPeTS^R|aTQa^T\^RX^]P[4bcPbT\c^a]^
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[X\XcPbTR^\T[TTaPRWP\PSPSTbXbcT\P[\QXR^ST\Y]Rec
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PRaTbRT]c^d T\^{Tb _a^_aXP\T]cT SXcPb P^ aT_TacaX^ S^
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[\QXR^`dT]^bcT\T\bTd_^STa
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PeP]{^b aTe^[dRX^]uaX^b _^bbXQX[XcPeP\ `dT d\ P]X\P[ U^bbT
\dXc^ \PXb Tb_Tac^ ]Pb ^_{Tb ST b^QaTeXe~]RXP T P_aX\^aPbbT
bdPbaTb_^bcPb_PaPPSP_cPabTPTgXV~]RXPbRP\QXP]cTbT\eTi
ST cTa aTP{Tb X]ePaXueTXb T Pdc^\ucXRPb BT d\P R^\XSP
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UPiTa d\ Rbe^SX T _PbbPa ^ SXP R^\ ^ ]P\^aPS^ =P
[P]RW^]TcT T[T [WT STd ST _aTbT]cT d\P R^XbP `dT T[P eX]WP
`dTaT]S^ WPeXP \TbTb d\P VaPedaP aPaP caPiXSP SP 4b_P]WP
<Pb P P[TVaXP ST[P PRPQ^d `dP]S^ bdVTaXd P^ ]P\^aPS^ `dT
ST_^XbSP[XU^bbT\eTad\UX[\T`dTTbcPeP[^dRP_PaPeTa4[T
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P_T]Pb d\ cX_^ ST _TaVd]cP T\ \T]cT P \PXb _aX\XcXeP) q
P[Vd\P R^XbP `dT ^STX^. 8bb^ \T UTaT. 0[Vd\P R^XbP `dT cT\^.
BT U^a ^ RPb^  bT ^ \^\T]c^ T\ `dTbcy^ ST P[Vd\ \^S^
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d\ aPbcX[W^ ST ]Tda]X^b \P]SP]S^ d\P \T]bPVT\ ST
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46
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bTRaT{y^ S^b W^a\]X^b ^aVw]XR^b _PaP [dcPa^dUdVXa \^QX[XiP
^b RT]ca^b ST \^eX\T]c^ T PcXeP ^ bXbcT\P RPaSX^ePbRd[Pa ^b
\bRd[^b T ^b X]cTbcX]^b# >dca^b RXaRdXc^b SP P\VSP[P T]eXP\
bX]PXb _PaP P bTRaT{y^ ST V^cPb ST T\TaV~]RXP S^ W^a\]X^
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RTaTQaPXb X]R[dX]S^ Pb `dT c^a]P\ ^b bT]cXS^b \PXb P[TacPb ]P
eTaSPST STXgP]S^ ^ R|aTQa^ ST _a^]cXSy^ >dca^b bX]PXb SP
P\VSP[P SXiT\ P^ ca^]R^ RTaTQaP[ _PaP PUXgPa ]^ a^bc^ d\P
Tg_aTbby^ ST \TS^ _PaP[XbPa \^eX\T]c^b `dT ^b \bRd[^b
TbcPaXP\ T\ eXPb ST TgTRdcPa PRT[TaPa P _d[bP{y^ RPaSPRP
Pd\T]cPa P _aTbby^ bP]Vd]TP T aTSdiXa ^ aXc\^ SP aTb_XaP{y^
>dca^b UXgP\ P PcT]{y^ ]P RPdbP S^ \TS^ T _aT_PaP\ ^b
\bRd[^b _PaP aTPVXa ST PR^aS^ BX\d[cP]TP\T]cT bXbcT\Pb SP
\T\aXP R^acXRP[ by^ ePbRd[WPS^b T\ QdbRP ST `dP[`dTa
R^]WTRX\T]c^ aT[TeP]cT _PaP P T\TaV~]RXP T\ `dTbcy^
_PbbP]S^_^aRX\PS^b^dca^bUX^bST_T]bP\T]c^
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R^^aST]PSP b|aXT ST \dSP]{Pb `dT P P\VSP[P ^aVP]XiP `dP]S^
aTRadcP uaTPb ST c^S^ ^ R|aTQa^ _PaP d\P Tg_[XRP{y^ \PXb
STcP[WPSP eTa 0_~]SXRT 2 0 TgcT]bP aTST ST [XVP{Tb ]TdaPXb
SP P\VSP[P _Ta\XcT `dT SdaP]cT d\P T\TaV~]RXP T\^RX^]P[
T[P Pbbd\P T SXaXYP VaP]ST _PacT S^ aTbcP]cT S^ R|aTQa^
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b^QaT T\^{Tb Tbcu ]^ caPQP[W^ ST ;T3^dg ^]ST T[T aTeT[P `dT
P Pa`dXcTcdaP S^ R|aTQa^ Su v P\VSP[P d\P _^bX{y^
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cu[P\^TST_^Xb_^ad\P]XRPbX]P_bT_PaPPP\VSP[P*
47
d\bTVd]S^bX]P[S^cu[P\^|T]RP\X]WPS^_PaP^]T^RacTg
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R^\TRT P aTb_^]STa Q^dUc `dT ^ ]T^RacTg ^ UP{P _^Xb T[T
T[PQ^aP P X]U^a\P{y^ T\ euaX^b ]eTXb S^b RXaRdXc^b RTaTQaPXb
P]cTb ST _TaRTQ~[P _[T]P\T]cT T _^a UX\ SPa X]RX^ P d\P
aTb_^bcP\PXbRdXSPS^bP\T]cTT[PQ^aPSP
0 _Tb`dXbP ST ;T3^dg | aTe^[dRX^]uaXP _PaP P R^\_aTT]by^
SP eXSP T\^RX^]P[ _^a`dT | P _aX\TXaP P TbcPQT[TRTa RP\X]W^b
]TdaPXb ST bT]cX\T]c^b `dT R^]c^a]P\ ^ ]T^RacTg 4bbTb
bT]cX\T]c^b`dTc^\P\Pa^cPSXaTcPSPP\VSP[PTbcy^T]caT^b
]^bb^bbX]PXb\PXb_aX\XcXe^bT_^STa^b^b*TbbTRXaRdXc^]^bPYdSP
PT]cT]STa^_^STa`dTPT\^{y^cT\STbd_TaPaPaPiy^
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ST [u _PaP Pb uaTPb ST _a^RTbbP\T]c^ bT]b^aXP[ S^ ]T^RacTg
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aTR^]WT{P^`dT|RPSP^QYTc^T^`dTbXV]XUXRPPbdP_aTbT]{P
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R|aTQa^ [\QXR^ T ST [u P aTb_^bcP P_a^_aXPSP bT XaaPSXP _T[^
R|aTQa^ T ^ aTbc^ S^ R^a_^ q PbbX\ `dT Ud]RX^]P SdaP]cT P
\PX^a _PacT S^ cT\_^  \Pb ;T3^dg STbR^QaXd `dT P[|\
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^ RacTg Wu d\ _T`dT]^ UTXgT ST ]Tda]X^b `dT ePX SXaTc^ S^
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S^b bT]cXS^b T X]XRXT d\P aTb_^bcP Q^dUc `dT T[Tb bTYP\
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ST_T]ST X]cTXaP\T]cT ST bX]PXb S^ ]T^RacTg _PaP U^a\d[Pa bdPb
aTP{Tb T\^RX^]PXb 0 P\VSP[P _^ST PRX^]Pa d\P aTb_^bcP
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T\ `dT d\ RXaRdXc^ aTbb^]P]cT _PaP[T[^ bT X]XRXP T]caT P
P\VSP[P T ^ ]T^RacTg 0 P\VSP[P _^ST UPiTa R^\ `dT ]^b
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[T]c^_^a|\\PXb_[T]P\T]cTX]U^a\PS^caP{Pd\_[P]^ST
aTP{y^\PXbaTUX]PS^
;T3^dg_b_^acTaaP^R^]WTRX\T]c^_aTS^\X]P]cTb^QaT^b
RP\X]W^b _TaR^aaXS^b _T[Pb T\^{Tb R^\ bdP _Tb`dXbP b^QaT
\TS^ T\ P]X\PXb =d\P Tg_TaX~]RXP RadRXP[ STbcadXd ^ RacTg
PdSXcXe^ ST aPc^b ST_^Xb ^b Tg_b P d\ b^\ Pbb^RXPS^ P d\
RW^`dTT[|caXR^>baPc^b[^V^P_aT]STaP\PcT\Ta^b^\P]cTb
ST ^ ]T^RacTg c~[^ aTVXbcaPS^ 4\ eTi SXbb^ ^ b^\ c^\PeP P
a^cP SXaTcP S^ ^deXS^ P^ cu[P\^ T v P\VSP[P bP[cP]S^ c^S^b ^b
caPYTc^b\PXb[^]V^b4\bd\P^baPc^bP_aT]STaP\d\PaTP{y^
T\^RX^]P[bT\]T]Wd\T]e^[eX\T]c^R^acXRP[\PX^a)PP\VSP[P
48
_TaRTQTd [T\Qa^d T ^a`dTbca^d bTd \TS^ ST \^S^
X]ST_T]ST]cT
0]Pc^\XRP\T]cT^bXbcT\PT\^RX^]P[_^STPVXaST\^S^
X]ST_T]ST]cT S^ ]T^RacTg  SXbbT\T ;T3^dg  0[Vd\Pb
aTP{Tb T [T\QaP]{Pb T\^RX^]PXb _^ST\ U^a\PabT bT\ `dT
WPYP]T]Wd\P_PacXRX_P{y^R^]bRXT]cTTR^V]XcXeP

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0d\T]cP\ ^b QPcX\T]c^b RPaSPR^b T P _aTbby^
S^ bP]VdT >b \bRd[^b VaP]STb _aT_PaP\bT
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>bX]P[eXbdP[ePX_aX\TXa^SPaTcX]P_PaP
^ cu[P\^ ^]ST | caPSdiXS^ _PaP P
[X]VdPVT\ S^ R|aTQa^ 0 \PX^a _PacT SP
\T]bPVT\ bTVdT T]cy^ _PaP ^ RacTg
eXbdP[ ^]ST | P]P[XbPSP T PeP[XPSP T\
QdbRP S^ bXV]XUXRPS^ T SP aTb_^bcP
PST`dPSP*bTPaTb_^bcP|T\^RX^]P[d\
bX]P[ ePX _PaP P P\VSP[P PcXePa ^b
RT]ca^b T\^RX^]PXb <Pb d\P _PacT
\T]^a S^ bX]P[ ^aXVX]P[ ePX SXaTc^ S^
cu[P\^ _PaP P P\VSP[P ]d\P
caP]b\Xbby^\PXbau_XSP_Ta\XcX]S^d\P
49
 aTb_^bcP \PXb _a^]cP T\Q^aP \T]^b
_aTRXbP 3TbbT \^S^ P P\VSP[P _^ST
SXb_PaPa d\P aTb_^bcP T\^RX^]P[ P]cTb
`dT^bRT]ca^bR^acXRPXbcT]WP\T]cT]SXS^
_[T]P\T]cT^`dTbT_PbbP

0 P\VSP[P _^ST PQaXVPa [T\QaP]{Pb T aT_TacaX^b ST

aTb_^bcPb `dT X]cTa_aTcP\^b bT\ R^\_aTT]STa QT\ _^a `dT ^
UPiT\^b _^a`dT ^ PcP[W^ S^ cu[P\^ v P\VSP[P R^]c^a]P
R^\_[TcP\T]cT ^ ]T^RacTg 4bbP _PbbPVT\ _Ta\XcT `dT P
P\VSP[P bTYP d\ aT_^bXcaX^ ST X\_aTbbTb T\^RX^]PXb T
[T\QaP]{PbST`dT]y^cT\^b_[T]PR^]bRX~]RXP;T3^dgbdVTaT
`dT | ^ _P_T[ bdQcTaaw]T^ SP P\VSP[P ]P \T\aXP `dT
Tg_[XRP _^a TgT\_[^ d\ Tg_TaX\T]c^ bda_aTT]ST]cT T\ `dT
_Tbb^Pb PS`dXaXaP\ _aTUTa~]RXP _^a UXVdaPb VT^\|caXRPb R^\
TbcaP]WPb U^a\Pb TgXQXSPb ST \^S^ cy^ au_XS^ `dT T[Pb ]T\
cXeTaP\P^_^acd]XSPSTSTc^\PaR^]bRX~]RXPSTc~[PbeXbc^%
>dcaP _Tb`dXbP ST\^]bca^d `dT ]^b _aX\TXa^b \X[|bX\^b ST
bTVd]S^ T\ `dT cT\^b P _TaRT_{y^ ST P[Vd\P R^XbP ]y^
P_T]Pb R^\_aTT]ST\^b X]R^]bRXT]cT\T]cT ^ `dT | \Pb
STRXSX\^b bT V^bcP\^b ^d ]y^ ST[P* ^ X]R^]bRXT]cT R^V]XcXe^
P_aTbT]cP v ]^bbP R^]bRX~]RXP ]y^ P_T]Pb P XST]cXSPST S^ `dT
eT\^b \Pb d\P ^_X]Xy^ b^QaT ^ `dT eT\^b& =^bbPb T\^{Tb
c~\d\P\T]cT_a_aXP`dT_^STcTa^_X]XTbQPbcP]cTSXeTabPb
SPb`dTcT\P]^bbP\T]cTaPRX^]P[

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VdPaSPSPb ]P P\VSP[P 0 _Tb`dXbP ST ;T3^dg T ^dca^b
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R^]bXSTaPS^ P TbcadcdaPRWPeT S^ bXbcT\P [\QXR^ Tbcu \PXb
T]e^[eXS^ R^\ ^ aTVXbca^ T P PcaXQdX{y^ ST bT]cXS^ P^b _PSaTb
_TaRT_cXe^b S^ `dT R^\ aTP{Tb T\^RX^]PXb 0 _aX]RX_P[
R^]caXQdX{y^ S^ WX_^RP\_^ Tbcu T\ U^a]TRTa d\P _aTRXbP
\T\aXP ST R^]cTgc^ eXcP[ _PaP ^ bXV]XUXRPS^ T\^RX^]P[* | ^
WX_^RP\_^ `dT aTR^]WTRT ^ bXV]XUXRPS^ ST SXVP\^b d\ dab^
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aTc|\ ^ bPQ^a T\^RX^]P[ `dT ^b PR^\_P]WP BT cT]cP\^b
d[caP_PbbPa d\ RPaa^ ]d\P TbcaPSP ST \y^ Sd_[P T _^a _^dR^
TbRP_P\^b ST d\P QPcXSP ST UaT]cT ^ WX_^RP\_^ aTc|\ ^b
STcP[WTb Tb_TRUXR^b S^ X]RXST]cT R^\^ _^a TgT\_[^ T\ `dT
UPXgP SP TbcaPSP TbcueP\^b `dT\ TbcPeP R^]^bR^ R^\^ TaP ^

50
^dca^ RPaa^ <Pb | P P\VSP[P `dT SP T\ SXP]cT T]eXPau d\P
^]SP ST P]bXTSPST `dT ]^b _TaR^aaT ^ R^a_^ c^SP eTi `dT
cT]cPa\^b d[caP_PbbPa d\ RPaa^ T\ RXaRd]bcw]RXPb bT\T[WP]cTb
2^\^Tg_[XR^d;T3^dg)
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bdP b^QaX]WP <Pb | P P\VSP[P `dT SXi `dT e^R~ ]P aTP[XSPST
]y^V^bcPST[P
> R|aTQa^ dbP d\ \|c^S^ bX\_[Tb \Pb Pbcdc^ _PaP aTVXbcaPa
\T\aXPb T\^RX^]PXb R^\ U^a{P Tb_TRXP[) ^b \Tb\bbX\^b
bXbcT\Pb ST P[Pa\T ]Tda^`d\XR^b `dT _aT_PaP\ ^ R^a_^ _PaP
aTPVXa P T\TaV~]RXPb ST aXbR^ ST eXSP R^\ P aTb_^bcP ST [dcPa
^dUdVXacP\Q|\VaPeP\U^acT\T]cT]P\T\aXP^\^\T]c^ST
X]cT]b^ Tbc\d[^ T\^RX^]P[' B^Q cT]by^ ^d P]bXTSPST ^d
_a^ePeT[\T]cT Pc| \Tb\^ X]cT]bP TgRXcP{y^ ST P[TVaXP d\
]Tae^ `dT ePX S^ R|aTQa^ vb V[w]Sd[Pb bd_aPaT]PXb bXcdPSPb
PRX\PS^baX]b_a^e^RPd\PbTRaT{y^S^bW^a\]X^bT_X]TUaX]P
T ]^aT_X]TUaX]P `dT X]ePST\ ^ R^a_^ _aT_PaP]S^^ _PaP d\P
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R^aP{y^ cP\Q|\ aTcaP]b\XcT bX]PXb _PaP ^ R|aTQa^ SXb_PaPS^b
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51
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52
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53
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54
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55
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56
aTb_^bcP T\^RX^]P[  ^d d\ aTRadcP\T]c^ SPb i^]Pb
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^ ]T^RacTg PVXa R^\^ TUXRXT]cT PS\X]XbcaPS^a SP T\^{y^
PeP[XP]S^ Pb aTP{Tb P]cTb ST PVXa  | P\^acTRTa ^b bX]PXb ST
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Wd\^aTb ST _PRXT]cTb R^\ SP]^b T\ _PacTb S^b [^Q^b Ua^]cPXb
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| PVXa R^\^ d\ cTa\^bcPc^ ]Tae^b^ aTVd[P]S^ T\^{Tb
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bT]cX\T]c^b ]TVPcXe^b R^\^ \TS^ T PVaTbbXeXSPST T]`dP]c^ ^b
Tb`dTaS^b aTUaTXP\ TbbPb T\^{Tb QadcPb _a^ePeT[\T]cT
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STaaP\T_^aTgT\_[^P`dT[TbRdYPb[TbTbWPeXP\^R^aaXS^]^
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\TS^b RPcPbcaUXR^b* P`dT[Tb R^\ [TbTb ]^ SXaTXc^ TaP\
TgPVTaPSP\T]cT P]X\PS^b* SdaP]cT ^b TgP\Tb ]Tda^[VXR^b
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57
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SXi aTb_TXc^ P c^\Pa STRXbTb bT]bPcPb `dP]c^ bX\_[Tb\T]cT P
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d\ _a^Q[T\P ST aPRX^R]X^ ]d\ cTbcT > RacTg _a|Ua^]cP[ | P
aTVXy^ S^ R|aTQa^ aTb_^]bueT[ _T[P \T\aXP Ud]RX^]P[ & <Pb
^b RXaRdXc^b `dT ey^ S^ R|aTQa^ [\QXR^ P^b [^Q^b _a|Ua^]cPXb
X]SXRP\ `dT ^b bX]PXb ST U^acT T\^{y^  P]bXTSPST aPXeP T
PUX]b_^ST\RaXPaTbcucXRP]TdaP[bPQ^cP]S^PRP_PRXSPSTS^
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SPRaXP]{P\dcX[P]S^PRP_PRXSPSTSTP_aT]STa
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P_PaTRT\ T\ cTbcTb ST @8 T\Q^aP bT aTeT[T\ T\ PeP[XP{Tb
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CP\Q|\ TaP\ X\_d[bXe^b T P]bX^b^b \dXcPb eTiTb STb^aSTXa^b
T RWTVPS^b P \TcTabT T\ P_da^b  ^ `dT bdVTaT d\ UP[W^
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QPbcP]cT SXbcX]c^ SPb aTVXTb R^acXRPXb aTeT[PSPb _T[^b cTbcTb ST
@8R^]ca^[PXVdP[\T]cTPaPXePT^bT]cX\T]c^ST_XTSPST4bbTb
RXaRdXc^b T\^RX^]PXb by^ TbRd[_XS^b _T[^ `dT U^X eXeT]RXPS^ ]P
X]Uw]RXP  T ]^ T]cP]c^ STXgP\^b TbbPb Tg_TaX~]RXPb
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ST P\_[^ P[RP]RT _PaP P R^\_aTT]by^ SP eXSP \T]cP[ ^ 3a
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58
RXaRdXc^ _a|Ua^]cP[P\VSP[P ( > _a^RTbb^ STRXbaX^ ST[Tb |
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STbPbca^bPb ]^b ]TVRX^b T ]P eXSP _Tbb^P[ T _^ST\ \Tb\^
T]caPa T\ X]cTa\X]ueT[ ^QbTbby^ b^QaT d\P STRXby^ cy^ bX\_[Tb
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ST _aTUTa~]RXPb T PeTabTb `dT PS`dXaX\^b P^ [^]V^ SP eXSP
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b^QaT P `dP[ ^ ]T^RacTg \TSXcT ]y^ \PXb SXb_PaP Pb aTP{Tb
T\^RX^]PXb P T[P Pbb^RXPSPb ]^ _PbbPS^  cdS^ Pbbd\T d\P
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\PXb PcaP{y^ ]T\ PeTaby^* TbbTb _PRXT]cTb Tb`dTRTaP\ c^S^
TbbT P_aT]SXiPS^ T\^RX^]P[ _^a`dT ]y^ c~\ \PXb PRTbb^ P^
[dVPa^]STT[TTbcuPa\PiT]PS^]PP\VSP[PR^acXRP[
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RTacP^]STP[VXRPUaXP_^STT]cy^bTaST\T[W^adb^4]`dP]c^
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S^Xb cX_^b SXUTaT]cTb ST X]cT[XV~]RXP) aPRX^]P[ T T\^RX^]P[ =^bb^
STbT\_T]W^]PeXSP|STcTa\X]PS^_T[PbSdPb]y^|P_T]Pb
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T\^RX^]P[ 4\ VTaP[ P R^\_[T\T]cPaXSPST ST bXbcT\P [\QXR^
59
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| d\ _PaRTXa^ X]cTVaP[ ]P eXSP \T]cP[ @dP]S^ TbbTb _PaRTXa^b
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T bT]cX\T]c^) ]y^ | `dT `dTXaP\^b T[X\X]Pa P T\^{y^ T _a P
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P]cXV^ _PaPSXV\P STUT]SXP d\ XSTP[ ST aPiy^ [XeaT S^ _Tb^ SP
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R^aP{y^ 5PiTa Xbb^ QT\ T\ ]^bbPb eXSPb X\_[XRP _aTRXbPa\^b
_aX\TXa^ T]cT]STa R^\ \PXb TgPcXSy^ ^ `dT bXV]XUXRP dbPa
X]cT[XVT]cT\T]cTPT\^{y^

60
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62
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T Pb RXaRd]bcw]RXPb ST eXSP) \dXcPb _Tbb^Pb ST @8 \dXc^ QPXg^
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@8 _a^Rda^ ST\^]bcaPa ]P ?PacT 2X]R^ `dT Pb P_cXSTb
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63
P_aX\^aPSPb Yu ]P cT]aP XSPST  bT ]^b STa\^b P^ caPQP[W^ ST
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T ST ^_^acd]XSPST 5^X UTXc^ d\ PR^\_P]WP\T]c^ ST ($
TbcdSP]cTb ST 7PaePaS _TacT]RT]cTb vb R[PbbTb SP S|RPSP ST
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UPRd[SPSTb ST T[XcT =P |_^RP T\ `dT RWTVPaP\ v \TXPXSPST
P eXSP _a^UXbbX^]P[ T _Tbb^P[ STbbPb _Tbb^Pb RdY^b @8b _aTeXP\
d\ Udcda^ _a^\Xbb^a U^X R^\_PaPSP R^\ P eXSP ST ^dca^b
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ST bXV]XUXRPcXe^ ^b SXbcX]VdXP T\ cTa\^b bP[PaXPXb RP_PRXSPST ST
_a^SdiXa ^d cdQdec _a^UXbbX^]P[ CP\Q|\ ]y^ TbcPeP\
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TaP PRX\P ST  3XVPbT P QT\ SP eTaSPST `dT RWTVP]S^
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ST ('  ST TbR^[Pb ST bTVd]S^ VaPd ST 8[[X]^Xb =P UPRd[SPST
64
R^]cX]dPaP\ P \P]cTa d\ Q^\ STbT\_T]W^ cXaP]S^ TgRT[T]cTb
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:PaT] 0a]^[S _a^UTbb^aP ST ?TSPV^VXP ]P D]XeTabXSPST ST
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bPQT\ R^\^ eT]RTa ]^ bXbcT\P <Pb ^b _aX\TXa^b ST cda\P
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\dXcbbX\^ Q^P ]P ^QcT]{y^ ST Q^Pb ]^cPb =PSP ]^b SXi ST
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bTa]T]Wd\PVPaP]cXPST_a^b_TaXSPST_aTbcVX^^dUT[XRXSPST]P
eXSP ]^bbPb TbR^[Pb T ]^bbP Rd[cdaP _aXeX[TVXP\ P P_cXSy^ ]^
]eT[ PRPS~\XR^ XV]^aP]S^ P X]cT[XV~]RXP U]_SY_^Q\ d\
R^]Yd]c^ ST caP{^b  P[Vd]b RWP\PaXP\ ST RPaucTa  `dT
cP\Q|\TgTaRTd\_P_T[X\_^acP]cTT\]^bb^STbcX]^_Tbb^P[
0 eXSP T\^RX^]P[ | d\ RP\_^ R^\ ^ `dP[ bT _^ST [XSPa
RTacP\T]cT R^\^ \PcT\ucXRP ^d [TXcdaP R^\ \PX^a ^d \T]^a
WPQX[XSPST T TgXVT bTd R^]Yd]c^ Tb_TRXP[ ST P_cXSTb 4 P
\TSXSP STbbPb P_cXSTb ]d\P _Tbb^P | STRXbXeP _PaP
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R^]bXSTaP{y^ ^b bT]cX\T]c^b S^ ^dca^  [TeP\ eP]cPVT\ T\
`dP[`dTa bTc^a SP eXSP bTYP ]Pb aT[P{Tb P\^a^bPb T ]cX\Pb
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STbT]e^[eXSP c~\ \PXb _a^QPQX[XSPST ST bT bT]cXaT\ bPcXbUTXcPb T
65
STbTaT\TUXRXT]cTbT\bdPbeXSPbS^\X]P]S^^bWuQXc^b\T]cPXb
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X]cTa]Pb `dT bPQ^cP\ P RP_PRXSPST ST R^]RT]caP{y^ ]^ caPQP[W^
TST[dRXSTiST_T]bP\T]c^

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4bbP b^UXbcXRP{y^ b bT c^a]P eXbeT[ `dP]S^ bdP _a^UTbb^aP
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by^R^[PS^b_Tab^]PVT]bRdYPbRPQT{Pbby^U^c^VaPUXPbS^bP[d]^b
T _a^UTbb^aTb  | d\ cTbcT ST _TaRT_{y^ b^RXP[ @dP]S^ P
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]P _PacT SP bP[P ^]ST \PXb V^bcP\ ST QaX]RPa  ^ RP]cX]W^ SP
PacT ^ ST \^]cPa Q[^R^b T ^dca^b  T[P ^ UPi R^\ c^cP[
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> QaX[W^ b^RXP[ ST 9dSh U^X XST]cXUXRPS^ PX]SP cy^ RTS^
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ST P_cXSTb R^\ _P[PeaPb T ]\Ta^b T]U^RPS^b _^a TbR^[Pb
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]y^ XV]^aPa ^d \Tb\^ UadbcaPa 4]R^aPYP]S^ Pb RaXP]{Pb P
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66
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S^]b ]PcdaPXb T P Rd[cXeu[^b 7u RT]cT]Pb T RT]cT]Pb ST
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68
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69
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70
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71
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72
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73
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d\P [XVTXaP R^aaT[P{y^ T]caT ^ @8 T P[Vd]b Pb_TRc^b SP

74
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ST P[c^ @8 | cX_XUXRPS^  ^ `dT ]y^ bda_aTT]ST  _^a d\P
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75
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Tg_aTbbP\ ST \^S^ PST`dPS^ ^b bTdb bT]cX\T]c^b ]y^ _^a
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_PaP bTaT\ QaX]RP[W^]Pb Tb_^]cw]TPb T PQTacPb v Tg_TaX~]RXP
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d\P_Tbb^P=P\TSXSPT\`dTP_Tbb^PcT\cP]c^X]cT[XV~]RXP
R^V]XcXeP `dP]c^ T\^RX^]P[ TbbPb X\PVT]b bT Ud]ST\ 0X]SP
PbbX\ SPb SdPb | P X]cT[XV~]RXP T\^RX^]P[ `dT R^]caXQdX R^\
d\ ]\Ta^ \dXc^ \PX^a SPb `dP[XSPSTb `dT ]^b c^a]P\ \PXb
_[T]P\T]cTWd\P]^b

[1] Scholastic Aptitude Test Teste de Aptido Escolar, exigido para

admisso em universidades americanas. (N. do T.)
[2] Esprito da poca. (N. do T.)
[3] Tempestade e mpeto, movimento romntico alemo. (N. do T.)

76
 
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77
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]^\TPa Pb T\^{Tb STb_TacPSPb 0 Pdc^R^]bRX~]RXP ]y^ | d\P
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78
 4\Q^aP WPYP d\P SXbcX]{y^ [VXRP T]caT TbcPa R^]bRXT]cT S^b
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]y^ by^ RP_PiTb ST TgTaRTa R^]ca^[T b^QaT bdPb T\^{Tb
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79
 eTaT\ R^\ R[PaTiP bTdb TbcPS^b T\^RX^]PXb by^
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R^\ d\ STXgP a^[Pa ]PSP UPiT]S^ _PaP \dSu[^b
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bTdSTbTb_Ta^

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UP[P]cT)
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RX]c^b
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T\TaV~]RXP_PaPaTeTaPb_aTRPd{Tb`dT^QbTaeTPT`dX_TST
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STb_a^eXSP SP T`dP]X\XSPST SP Pdc^R^]bRX~]RXP > aTbd[cPS^ |
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R^\ Xbb^ \X]X\XiP\ P Tg_TaX~]RXP ST bdP aTb_^bcP T\^RX^]P[
bT]y^P_a_aXPSX\T]by^SPaTb_^bcP
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80
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TgcX]c^a T e^[cPa T[T P]S^d T\ eTi ST R^aaTa <^cXe^. =y^
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81
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82
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83
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aT[P{y^ P^ `dT [WT PR^]cTRXP " <PXb X\_aTbbX^]P]cT PX]SP TaP
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b^QaTcdS^ P P\VSP[P R^acXRP[ T RXaRdXc^b aT[PRX^]PS^b T Pb
RP_PRXSPSTb ST _T]bPa S^ ]T^RacTg > _T]bP\T]c^ ST 4[[X^c
c^a]PaPbTXVdP[P^STd\R^\_dcPS^aRP_PiSTTgTRdcPac^SPb
Pb TcP_Pb _PaP b^[dRX^]Pa d\ _a^Q[T\P \Pb X]RP_Pi ST
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84
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3P\PbX^ \Pb ]y^ R^]bTVdXP TbR^[WTa ]T]Wd\ ST[Tb =^ ]eT[
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R^]bRX~]RXP ST bTdb _a_aX^b bT]cX\T]c^b ]y^ cX]WP `dP[`dTa
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T\_aTV^ bTVda^ ^d PaaXbRPabT T\ ^dca^ \PXb PcaPT]cT R^\
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STRXbTb]y^_^ST\bTaQT\c^\PSPbP_T]PbPcaPe|bS^db^SP
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85
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P \TcuU^aP T ^ b\X[T Yd]cP\T]cT R^\ P _^TbXP P \bXRP T P
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by^ ^b b^]W^b T \Xc^b T\ `dT ePVPb Pbb^RXP{Tb STcTa\X]P\ ^
U[dg^ SP ]PaaPcXeP bTVdX]S^ P [VXRP SP \T]cT T\^RX^]P[ >b
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PacXRd[Pa Pb \T]bPVT]b ST[T `dTa bTYP\ a^\P]RXbcPb
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aTb_^]bueT[ _^a T[Tb bTaT\ \PXb cP[T]c^b^b _PaP Tg_aTbbPa P
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[X\XPa SP R^]bRX~]RXP 0 eTaXUXRP{y^ T\_aXRP STbbT PgX^\P
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c^\P\ V^bc^ STUX]XcXe^ _^a R^XbPb `dT ]T\ c~\ R^]bRX~]RXP ST
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_a_aX^ bT]cX\T]c^ ?^a TgT\_[^ `dP]S^ by^ TgXQXSPb U^c^b ST
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86
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88
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bT]bP{y^ ST QT\TbcPa  _T[^ \T]^b TbbP | P R^]R[dby^
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TeXcPa\^b ^b bT]cX\T]c^b STbPVaPSueTXb _PaP `dT UX`dT\^b
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89
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ST ST_aTbby^ _PaP[XbP]cT `dT bT P[cTa]P R^\ T_XbSX^b
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\^S^ R^]UXP]cTb `dT ]y^ bT Sy^ R^]cP ST `dT Tbcy^ _aTRXbP]S^
ST PYdSP P_TbPa SPb STbPbca^bPb STRXbTb `dT c^\P\ =TbbPb
bTeTaPb _TacdaQP{Tb T\^RX^]PXb P \TSXRP{y^ _bX`dXucaXRP |
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TbcPS^b ST Tb_aXc^ ]TVPcXe^b b^\^b STXgPS^b _^a ]^bbP _a_aXP
R^]cP 8]UT[Xi\T]cT TbcT cX_^ ST aTRdab^ ]T\ bT\_aT Ud]RX^]P
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\PXb ST `dPca^RT]c^b W^\T]b T \d[WTaTb b^QaT Pb TbcaPc|VXPb
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90
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STRXSXSP\T]cTR^]caPSXcaXPb

$$1$720,$'$5$,9$

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91
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102
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103
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d\P Tb_|RXT ST S^a\~]RXP STbP[T]c^ _^a|\ \PXb
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PVXcP{y^ ]Tae^bP 3T_^Xb eT\ P _TaSP ST _aPiTa) 0 R^\XSP
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?^a UX\ P _TaSP ST Tg_TRcPcXePb v \TSXSP `dT P RX]iT]cP
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U^aP d\P S^a UbXRP d\P S^a cy^ X]bd_^acueT[ `dT ^ bdXRSX^
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aTR^\T{^ _^ST bTa eXbdP[XiPS^ >b _a_aX^b bX]c^\Pb SP
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cT\_^ T ^ aTUVX^ ]d\ W^b_XcP[ `dT PRPQPaP\ ePaaT]S^ P
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d\P SiXP ST ^dca^b \TSXRP\T]c^b ^UTaTRT P[Vd\P PYdSP
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P]cTb D\P ST[Pb R^]bXbcT T\ UXRPa b^iX]W^ ^ `dT \dXcPb eTiTb
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bT]bP{y^ ST b^[XSy^ T Xb^[P\T]c^ 8bc^ cP[eTi Tg_[X`dT T\ _PacT
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^b P\XV^b ^d P UP\[XP 3u RTac^ bT ^ aTbd[cPS^ U^a ]y^ _T]bPa
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104
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7^TZb\P _bXR[^VP ST BcP]U^aS `dT TbcdS^d P ad\X]P{y^ T\
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ad\X]P{y^ SXiT]S^ `dT Tbcy^ cT]cP]S^ bT R^\_aTT]STa
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caXbcTiP bT\ c^\Pa ]T]Wd\P \TSXSP `dT _^bbP ST UPc^ cXau[Pb
SP ST_aTbby^ 0bbX\ ]P cTaP_XP _^ST bTa _TaUTXcP\T]cT
_a^eTXc^b^aTU[TcXaPUd]S^b^QaTPbRPdbPbSTd\PST_aTbby^bT
Xbb^R^]SdiPX]cdX{Tb^dP{Tb`dT\dST\PbR^]SX{Tb`dTP
RPdbP\ <Pb d\P X\Taby^ _PbbXeP ]P caXbcTiP P_T]Pb _X^aP Pb
R^XbPb
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R^]SX{Tb^aP\PXbST_aX\T]cTbBdbP]Su^TgT\_[^STd\P
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^dca^b UPc^aTb R^\^ ^ UPc^ ST Pb \d[WTaTb UP[PaT\ \PXb
PQTacP\T]cT b^QaT bdPb P]VbcXPb ^d cTaT\ \PXb R^XbPb T\ bdPb
eXSPb _PaP ST_aX\X[Pb 4 ^b W^\T]b SdPb eTiTb \PXb `dT Pb
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STbcX]PSP P \dSPa TbbTb _PSaTb ST _T]bP\T]c^b | T`dXeP[T]cT
v \TSXRP{y^ _PaP ^ caPcP\T]c^ SP ST_aTbby^ R[]XRP QaP]SP T
\T[W^a `dT P \TSXRP{y^ _PaP _aTeT]Xa ^ aTc^a]^ SP ST_aTbby^
QaP]SP 3dPb TbcaPc|VXPb by^ _PacXRd[Pa\T]cT TUXRPiTb ]^
R^\QPcT % D\P | P_aT]STa P R^]cTbcPa ^b _T]bP\T]c^b
105
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P[cTa]PcXePb \PXb _^bXcXePb 0 ^dcaP | _a^VaP\Pa
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D\S^b\^cXe^b_^a`dTPSXbcaP{y^Ud]RX^]P|`dTPbXS|XPb
ST_aTbbXePb by^ Pdc^\ucXRPb X]ePSX]S^ ]^bb^ TbcPS^ ST Tb_aXc^
bT\ bTaT\ R^]eXSPSPb <Tb\^ `dP]S^ Pb _Tbb^Pb ST_aX\XSPb
cT]cP\ T[X\X]Pa bdPb XS|XPb ST_aX\T]cTb \dXcPb eTiTb ]y^
_^ST\ _a^SdiXa \T[W^aTb P[cTa]PcXePb* d\P eTi `dT R^\T{P P
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\PV]|cXR^ b^QaT P RPSTXP ST Pbb^RXP{y^ ?^a TgT\_[^ `dP]S^
bT _TSXd P _Tbb^Pb ST_aX\XSPb `dT ^aST]PbbT\ UaPbTb ST bTXb
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PSXeX]WP{y^ SPb \T]bPVT]b ST_aX\T]cTb > Udcda^ bT \^bcaP
QPbcP]cT b^\QaX^ `dT SPb ^cX\XbcPb > Udcda^ bT \^bcaP
QPbcP]cTQaX[WP]cT &
0cT]S~]RXPSTPST_aTbby^bT_Ta_TcdPaX]U[dXPc|]^cX_^ST
SXbcaP{Tb `dT Pb _Tbb^Pb TbR^[WT\ @dP]S^ bT STd P
ST_aX\XS^b d\P [XbcP ST ^_{Tb _PaP PUPbcPa P \T]cT ST d\P
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106
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107
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108
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110
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DbP]S^ d\ R^\_[Tg^ SXb_^bXcXe^ ST [T]cTb 3PeXSb^] _ST
TgXQXa d\P _P[PeaP ST \^S^ `dT U^bbT eXbcP P_T]Pb ]P \TcPST
S^RP\_^eXbdP[3TeXS^ vUXP{y^]TdaP[S^ bXbcT\PeXbdP[bTP
TgXQX{y^ SP _P[PeaP TaP _PaP P \TcPST Tb`dTaSP S^ RP\_^
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bX]P[ XP _PaP ^ [PS^ Tb`dTaS^ S^ R|aTQa^ bT\ bTa PeP[XPSP
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^b X\_TacdaQueTXb ST\^aPeP\ P SPa d\P aTb_^bcP  \Pb
P_T]PbbTP_P[PeaPP`dTaTPVXP\TaPd\PSPb_TacdaQPS^aPb
>z_ WPeXP PcaPb^ ]P eT[^RXSPST R^\ `dT Pbb^RXPeP\ _P[PeaPb
^UedbQc > PcaPb^ ^R^aaXP P_T]Pb `dP]S^ Pb _P[PeaPb TaP\
P_aTbT]cPSPbP^WT\XbU|aX^SXaTXc^]y^P^Tb`dTaS^4\bd\PP
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RP\PSP ST bT]cX\T]c^ `dT aTR^QaT TbbPb _TaRT_{Tb
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Ua^]cP[ ?PaP bdP bda_aTbP `dP]S^ 3PeXSb^] \TSXd ^b ]eTXb ST
PcXeXSPST T\ bTdb [^Q^b _a|Ua^]cPXb T[Tb cX]WP\ d\P STRXSXSP
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T\T]^b]^SXaTXc^RT]ca^ST]TVPcXeXSPST
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^cX\Xb\^SXbbT\T3PeXSb^]
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Tbcy^ T\ aT_^db^ P_aTbT]cP\ d\ _PSay^ ST PcXeP{y^ Ua^]cP[
Tb`dTaSPPbb^RXPSPR^\bT]cX\T]c^b_^bXcXe^b4bbPPcXeXSPSTS^
R|aTQa^ _^ST bTa P RWPeT ST bdPb PUXa\P{Tb _^bXcXePb P_TbPa
SPbdQYPRT]cTTbcX\d[P{y^UXbX^[VXRP`dT_PaTRT_TacdaQP{y^
0 cT^aXP ST 3PeXSb^] | `dT T\ cTa\^b ST PcXeXSPST S^
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Wd\^a | d\P cPaTUP `dT TgXVT T]TaVXP 0 \PX^a TbcX\d[P{y^
111
UXbX^[VXRP _^ST STeTabT v cT]cPcXeP R^]bcP]cT S^b RXaRdXc^b
]TdaPXb ST \P]cTa bT]cX\T]c^b _^bXcXe^b ^d T[X\X]Pa ^d X]XQXa ^b
]TVPcXe^b
4\ bd\P P X\_TacdaQPQX[XSPST | d\P Tb_|RXT ST ]TVP{y^
^cX\XbcP d\P SXbb^RXP{y^ _^bXcXeP  T _^bbXeT[\T]cT d\P
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SXbcaQX^ ST cT]by^ _bcaPd\ucXRP @dP]S^ bX\_[Tb\T]cT
T]e^[eXSP T\ T`dP]X\XSPST SXi 3PeXSb^] _PaTRT bTa d\P
QT\bdRTSXSP TbcaPc|VXP ST Pdc^aTVd[P{y^ T\^RX^]P[ T\Q^aP
Pd\_aT{^STbR^]WTRXS^T\cTa\^bSTPdc^R^]bRX~]RXP

112
 
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B d\P eTi ]P eXSP UX`dTX _PaP[XbPS^ _T[^ \TS^

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YTXc^ ST ]y^ TbcdSPa 0X]SP \T [T\Qa^ SP bP[P T\
SXaT{y^ P `dP[ \PaRWTX ]P`dT[P \P]Wy ST _aX\PeTaP
\T bT]cX]S^ R^\^ d\ R^]ST]PS^ T R^\ \Pdb
_aTbbuVX^b ]^ R^aP{y^ 4bcXeTaP ]P`dT[T P]UXcTPca^
PbbXbcX]S^ P \dXcPb Pd[Pb =P`dT[P \P]Wy _^a|\ ]y^
eX ]PSP PcaPe|b SPb YP]T[Pb T ]T\ \Tb\^ eX P _a_aXP
bP[P <Td ^[WPa UXgPePbT P_T]Pb ]^ _TSP{^ ST RWy^ v
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[PcTYPeP\ T\ \Tdb ^deXS^b T Td bT]cXP d\ V^bc^ ST
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WPeXP Tb_TaP]{P 3daP]cT d\P W^aP UX`dTX ^[WP]S^
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aTb_^bcP _PaP Pb `dTbcTb =y^ aTR^aaX v \X]WP
X\PVX]P{y^ BX\_[Tb\T]cT UX`dTX bT]cPS^ UXgPS^ T\
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Pc| W^YT | _PaP \X\ P _a^eP \PXb R^]eX]RT]cT S^ X\_PRc^
STePbcPS^a SP _TacdaQP{y^ T\^RX^]P[ b^QaT P R[PaTiP \T]cP[
0V^aP eTY^ `dT \Td P_da^ U^X \dXc^ _a^ePeT[\T]cT d\
cTbcT\d]W^ S^ _^STa ST S^\]X^ T ST _PaP[XbP{y^ `dT P
T\^{y^TgTaRTb^QaTPaPiy^

113
 0 U^a\P R^\^ Pb _TacdaQP{Tb T\^RX^]PXb _^ST\ X]cTaUTaXa
]P eXSP \T]cP[ ]y^ | ]^eXSPST _PaP ^b _a^UTbb^aTb 0[d]^b
P]bX^b^b \P[Wd\^aPS^b ^d ST_aX\XS^b ]y^ P_aT]ST\* _Tbb^Pb
R^[WXSPb ]TbbTb TbcPS^b ]y^ PQb^aeT\ TUXRXT]cT\T]cT P
X]U^a\P{y^ ]T\ P T[PQ^aP\ STeXSP\T]cT 2^\^ eX\^b ]^
2P_cd[^ $ T\^{Tb ]TVPcXePb \dXc^ U^acTb STbeXP\ P PcT]{y^
_PaP bdPb _a_aXPb _aT^Rd_P{Tb X]cTaUTaX]S^ ]P cT]cPcXeP ST
R^]RT]caP{y^ T\ `dP[`dTa ^dcaP R^XbP =P eTaSPST d\ S^b
bX]PXbST`dT^bbT]cX\T]c^bcaP]b_dbTaP\^[X\XcTS^_Pc^[VXR^
| `dT by^ cy^ X]cadb^b `dT Tb\PVP\ ^dca^ _T]bP\T]c^
bPQ^cP]S^ R^]cX]dP\T]cT Pb cT]cPcXePb ST SPa\^b PcT]{y^ v
cPaTUP `dT cT]WP\^b ST Rd\_aXa ?PaP P _Tbb^P `dT _PbbP _^a
d\SXeaRX^R^]cdaQPS^^d^UX[W^RdY^b_PXb_PbbP\_^aXbb^
P\T]cT]y^bTUXgP\dXc^]Pba^cX]Pb\PXb^d\T]^bcaXeXPXb
S^ caPQP[W^ ^d SP TbR^[P* _PaP ^b R[X]XRP\T]cT ST_aX\XS^b ^b
_T]bP\T]c^b ST Pdc^_XTSPST T STbTb_Ta^ STbTb_TaP]{P T
STbP\_Pa^bTb^QaT_T\P`dP[`dTa^dca^
@dP]S^ Pb T\^{Tb S^\X]P\ P R^]RT]caP{y^ ^ `dT Tbcu
bT]S^ b^cTaaPS^ ST UPc^ | P RP_PRXSPST \T]cP[ R^V]XcXeP `dT ^b
RXT]cXbcPb RWP\P\ ST \T\aXP Ud]RX^]P[ Xbc^ | P RP_PRXSPST
ST cTa T\ \T]cT c^SP P X]U^a\P{y^ aT[TeP]cT _PaP P TgTRd{y^
ST d\P STcTa\X]PSP cPaTUP > `dT ^Rd_P P \T\aXP Ud]RX^]P[
_^ST bTa QP]P[ R^\^ ^b P[VPaXb\^b ST d\ ]\Ta^ ST cT[TU^]T
^d R^\_[XRPS^ R^\^ Pb X]caXRPSPb [X]WPb SP caP\P `dT ^
a^\P]RXbcP cT]cP Yd]cPa 0 \T\aXP Ud]RX^]P[ | d\P Ud]{y^
TgTRdcXeP _^a TgRT[~]RXP ]P eXSP \T]cP[ _^bbXQX[XcP]S^ c^S^b ^b
^dca^b TbU^a{^b X]cT[TRcdPXb STbST _a^]d]RXPa d\P UaPbT Pc|
T]UaT]cPad\PR^\_[XRPSP_a^_^bX{y^ST[VXRP!>RacTg_a|
Ua^]cP[ TgTRdcP P \T\aXP Ud]RX^]P[  T [T\QaT\bT | P[X
^]ST ^b bT]cX\T]c^b T T\^{Tb bT T]R^]caP\" @dP]S^ ^b
RXaRdXc^b [\QXR^b `dT R^]eTaVT\ ]^ RacTg _a|Ua^]cP[ Tbcy^
c^\PS^b _^a P]VbcXP T\^RX^]P[ ^ ]db aTRPX ]P TUXRuRXP SP
\T\aXP Ud]RX^]P[) ]y^ _^ST\^b _T]bPa SXaTXc^ R^\^ Td
STbR^QaX]P`dT[P_Pe^a^bP_a^ePSTRu[Rd[^
?^a^dca^[PS^_T]bT\]^_P_T[SP\^cXeP{y^_^bXcXePP
aTd]Xy^ ST bT]cX\T]c^b R^\^ T]cdbXPb\^ T R^]UXP]{P ]P
R^]`dXbcP ST d\ ^QYTcXe^ 4bcdS^b b^QaT Pc[TcPb ^[\_XR^b
\bXR^b ST UP\P \d]SXP[ T VaP]STb \TbcaTb ST gPSaTi
R^]bcPcP\ `dT ^ `dT T[Tb c~\ T\ R^\d\ | P RP_PRXSPST ST
\^cXePaT\bT _PaP bTVdXaT\ X\_[PRueTXb a^cX]Pb ST caTX]^# 4
R^\ ^ Pd\T]c^ R^]bcP]cT ]^ VaPd ST TgRT[~]RXP TgXVXS^ _PaP
d\ STbT\_T]W^ T\ ]eT[ \d]SXP[ TbbPb aXV^a^bPb a^cX]Pb W^YT
RPSPeTi\PXbSTeT\R^\T{Pa]PX]Uw]RXP=Pb>[X\_PSPbST
((! \T\Qa^b ST ! P]^b SP T`dX_T ST \TaVd[WPS^aTb
RWX]TbTb cX]WP\ UTXc^ cP]c^b \TaVd[W^b T\ caTX]^ `dP]c^ ^b
114
\T\Qa^b SP T`dX_T P\TaXRP]P R^\ ! P]^b  ^b
\TaVd[WPS^aTbRWX]TbTbX]XRXPeP\bTdaXV^a^b^caTX]^P^b#P]^b
3^\Tb\^\^S^^b\T[W^aTbeXacd^bTbS^eX^[X]^S^b|Rd[^GG
R^\T{PaP\ P TbcdSPa ^ X]bcad\T]c^ _^a e^[cP S^b $ P]^b ST
XSPST* ^b RP\_TTb X]cTa]PRX^]PXb ST gPSaTi X]XRXPaP\bT ]^
Y^V^]d\PXSPST\|SXPST&P]^bT]`dP]c^^b`dTbTT[TePeP\
P_T]Pb v _a^YT{y^ ]PRX^]P[ R^\T{PeP\ P^b  0 X]XRXP{y^
_aTR^RT^UTaTRTd\PeP]cPVT\_PaPPeXSPX]cTXaP)^b\T[W^aTb
P[d]^b ST eX^[X]^ SP \T[W^a PRPST\XP ST \bXRP ST 1Ta[X\
c^S^bR^\eX]cTT_^dR^bP]^bWPeXP\PRd\d[PS^ \X[W^aPb
ST T]bPX^ T\ bdPb eXSPb T ^b SP bTVd]SP [TeP d\P \|SXP ST
&$W^aPb
> `dT _PaTRT SXbcX]VdXa ^b \T[W^aTb ]Pb R^\_TcX{Tb ST
^dca^bR^\RP_PRXSPST\PXb^d\T]^bbT\T[WP]cT|^VaPdT\
`dTR^\T{P]S^RTS^]PeXSP_^ST\\P]cTad\PuaSdPa^cX]P
ST TgTaRRX^ SdaP]cT P]^b T P]^b 4 TbbP ^QbcX]P{y^ ST_T]ST ST
RPaPRcTabcXRPb T\^RX^]PXb  T]cdbXPb\^ T _TabXbc~]RXP SXP]cT
S^baTeTbTbPRX\PSTcdS^\PXb
D\P ^dcaP R^]caXQdX{y^ `dT P \^cXeP{y^ ^UTaTRT _PaP ^
bdRTbb^ ]P eXSP P[|\ ST ^dcaPb RP_PRXSPSTb X]PcPb _^ST bTa
eXbcP ]^ ]^cueT[ STbT\_T]W^ ST TbcdSP]cTb PbXucXR^b ]Pb TbR^[Pb
T _a^UXbbTb P\TaXRP]Pb D\ TgP\T STcP[WPS^ SPb _a^ePb
bdVTaT `dT Pb RaXP]{Pb PbXucXR^P\TaXRP]Pb _^ST\ cTa d\P
eP]cPVT\\|SXPST@8 b^QaT^bQaP]R^bST P_T]PbS^Xb^dca~b
_^]c^b$ 2^]cdS^ R^\ QPbT ]Pb _a^UXbbTb R^\^ SXaTXc^ T
\TSXRX]P ^_{y^ ST \dXc^b PbXucXR^P\TaXRP]^b R^\^ Vad_^
T[TbbTR^\_^acP\R^\^bTcXeTbbT\d\@8\dXc^\PXbP[c^
^ T`dXeP[T]cT P d\ @8 ST  _PaP ^b ]X_^P\TaXRP]^b T ST
!_PaP^bbX]^P\TaXRP]^b%> \^cXe^ _PaTRT bTa `dT STbST
^b _aX\TXa^b P]^b ST TbR^[P Pb RaXP]{Pb PbXucXRPb bT TbU^a{P\
\PXb `dT Pb QaP]RPb BP]U^aS 3^aT]QdbRW b^RX[^V^ ST BcP]U^aS
`dTTbcdS^d\PXbST \X[VX]PbXP]^bR^]bcPc^d`dT^bPbXucXR^
P\TaXRP]^b _PbbPeP\ # \PXb cT\_^ UPiT]S^ caPQP[W^ ST
RPbP`dT^b^dca^b
 4]`dP]c^ P \PX^aXP S^b _PXb P\TaXRP]^b PRTXcP ^ UPc^ ST
^b bTdb UX[W^b bTaT\ \PXb UaPR^b T\ STcTa\X]PSPb SXbRX_[X]Pb T
X]eTbcXaT\ \PXb ]P`dT[Pb T\ `dT bT bPT\ \T[W^a _PaP ^b
PbXucXR^b ^ R^\_^acP\T]c^ | X]eTab^) TbcdSPa \PXb v ]^XcT T bT
PX]SP PbbX\ ]y^ Su RTac^ [TeP]cPabT \PXb RTS^ T TbcdSPa ST
\P]Wy 4[Tb PRaTSXcP\ `dT `dP[`dTa d\ _^ST bT bPXa QT\ ]P
TbR^[PR^\^TbU^a{^PST`dPS^

115
 4\ bd\P d\P U^acT |cXRP ST caPQP[W^ Rd[cdaP[ caPSdibT T\
\PX^a \^cXeP{y^ iT[^ T _TabXbc~]RXP  d\P eP]cPVT\
T\^RX^]P[
=P \TSXSP T\ `dT ]^bbPb T\^{Tb PcaP_P[WP\ ^d
Pd\T]cP\]^bbPRP_PRXSPSTST_T]bPaTUPiTa_[P]^bSTbTVdXa
caTX]P]S^ _PaP P[RP]{Pa d\P \TcP SXbcP]cT b^[dRX^]Pa
_a^Q[T\Pb T R^XbPb PbbX\ T[Pb STUX]T\ ^b [X\XcTb ST ]^bb^
_^STa ST dbPa ]^bbPb RP_PRXSPSTb \T]cPXb X]PcPb T PbbX\
STcTa\X]P\ R^\^ ]^b bP\^b ]P eXSP 4 ]P \TSXSP T\ `dT
b^\^b \^cXePS^b _^a bT]cX\T]c^b ST T]cdbXPb\^ T _aPiTa ]^
`dT UPiT\^b  ^d \Tb\^ _^a d\ VaPd XSTP[ ST P]bXTSPST 
TbbTb bT]cX\T]c^b ]^b [TeP\ P^ ~gXc^ q ]TbbT bT]cXS^ `dT P
X]cT[XV~]RXP T\^RX^]P[ | d\P P_cXSy^ \TbcaP d\P RP_PRXSPST
`dT PUTcP _a^Ud]SP\T]cT c^SPb Pb ^dcaPb UPRX[XcP]S^ ^d
X]cTaUTaX]S^]T[Pb

&21752/('$,038/6,9,'$'(27(67('20$56+0$//2:

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bTVdX]cT _a^_^bcP) bT R^]bTVdXa Tb_Tau[^ e^[cPa ST d\P
STcTa\X]PSP cPaTUP e^R~ VP]WP S^Xb \PabW\P[[^fb ST _aTbT]cT
BT ]y^ VP]WP b d\  T X\TSXPcP\T]cT 4bcT | d\ STbPUX^
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\XRa^R^b\^SPTcTa]PQPcP[WPT]caT^X\_d[b^TPR^]cT]{y^XS
T TV^ STbTY^ T Pdc^R^]ca^[T bPcXbUP{y^ X\TSXPcP T RP_PRXSPST
STPVdPaSPaPbPcXbUP{y^ @dTTbR^[WPPRaXP]{P UPau|d\cTbcT
aTeT[PS^a* ^UTaTRT d\P au_XSP [TXcdaP ]y^ P_T]Pb S^ RPaucTa
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RP_PRXSPST ST aTbXbcXa P^ X\_d[b^ q P aPXi ST c^S^ Pdc^R^]ca^[T
T\^RX^]P[ d\P eTi `dT c^SPb Pb T\^{Tb _^a bdP _a_aXP
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QubXR^ SP _P[PeaP U]_|z_ [T\QaT\bT | \^eTa 0
RP_PRXSPST ST aTbXbcXa P^ X\_d[b^ _PaP PVXa ST bdQYdVPa ^
\^eX\T]c^ X]RX_XT]cT R^\ P \PX^a _a^QPQX[XSPST bXV]XUXRP ]^
]eT[ SP Ud]{y^ RTaTQaP[ `dT ^b bX]PXb [\QXR^b _PaP ^ RacTg
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Tb_TRd[P{y^
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\PabW\P[[^f U^X UTXc^ P RaXP]{Pb ST # P]^b \^bcaP R^\^ |
Ud]SP\T]cP[PRP_PRXSPSTSTR^]cTaPbT\^{TbTSTbcPU^a\P
R^]cTa ^ X\_d[b^ 8]XRXPS^ _T[^ _bXR[^V^ FP[cTa <XbRWT[ ]P
S|RPSP ST (% ]d\P _a|TbR^[P SP D]XeTabXSPST ST BcP]U^aS
T T]e^[eT]S^ b^QaTcdS^ UX[W^b ST _a^UTbb^aTb d]XeTabXcuaX^b T ST

116
^dca^b Ud]RX^]uaX^b S^ SQ]`ec ^ TbcdS^ PR^\_P]W^d Pb
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0[Vd\PbU^aP\RP_PiTbSTTb_TaPa^`dTRTacP\T]cTSTeT\
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\PabW\P[[^f T bTdb R^[TVPb `dT PSXPaP\ P bPcXbUP{y^ TaP
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_PaP T]UaT]cPa Pb UadbcaP{Tb SP eXSP CX]WP\ \T]^b
_a^QPQX[XSPST ST STb\^]cPabT _PaP[XbPabT ^d aTVaTSXa b^Q
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SXP]cT ST SXUXRd[SPSTb* TaP\ X]ST_T]ST]cTb T R^]UXP]cTb
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_a^YTc^b 4 \PXb ST d\P S|RPSP ST_^Xb PX]SP _^SXP\ Tb_TaPa
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cTa{^ S^ Vad_^  cT]SXP\ P cTa aTSdiXSPb TbbPb `dP[XSPSTb T
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cTX\^b^b T X]STRXb^b* ST _TacdaQPaT\bT UPRX[\T]cT SXP]cT ST
UadbcaP{Tb*STYd[VPaT\bTadX]b^dX]SXV]^b*STaTVaTSXaT\^d
UXRPaT\ X\^QX[XiPS^b `dP]S^ cT]b^b* ST bTaT\ STbR^]UXPS^b T
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v X]eTYP* ST aTPVXaT\ TgPVTaPSP\T]cT P XaaXcP{Tb R^\ \Pd
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]d\P P\_[P VP\P ST P_cXSTb b^RXPXb T T\^RX^]PXb R^\ ^
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117
SXTcP Pc| [dcPa _PaP P ^QcT]{y^ ST d\ SX_[^\P T\ \TSXRX]P
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R^]bTVdXaP\ X]cTa_aTcPa Pb RXaRd]bcw]RXPb b^RXPXb R^\^ d\P
bXcdP{y^ T\ `dT ^ bPQTa Tb_TaPa | eP]cPY^b^ bXV]XUXRP
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_PXb TaP\ \PXb R^\_TcT]cTb T\ cTa\^b PRPS~\XR^b) \PXb
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aPiy^ R^]RT]caPabT UPiTa _[P]^b T bTVdX[^b Pc| ^ UX\ T \PXb
ueXSPb _^a P_aT]STa <PXb Tb_P]c^b^ PX]SP) R^]cPeP\ _^]c^b
bT]bPRX^]P[\T]cT \PXb P[c^b T\ bTdb cTbcTb B0C > cTa{^ ST
RaXP]{Pb `dT P^b # P]^b PVPaaPaP\ \PXb PeXSP\T]cT ^
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Tg_aTbby^d\cP]c^X]UT[XiPdc^X\_^bc^PSXP\T]c^STbPcXbUP{y^
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T\^RX^]P[) P RP_PRXSPST ST R^]ca^[Pa d\ X\_d[b^ _PaP
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b^[dRX^]Pa d\P T`dP{y^ P[V|QaXRP ^d SXb_dcPa P 2^_P BcP][Th
0b R^]bcPcP{Tb ST[T PRT]cdP\ ^ _P_T[ SP X]cT[XV~]RXP
T\^RX^]P[ R^\^ d\P RP_PRXSPST ST PcX]VXa \TcPb
STcTa\X]P]S^ R^\^ Pb _Tbb^Pb _^ST\ T\_aTVPa QT\ ^d \P[
bdPb^dcaPbRP_PRXSPSTb\T]cPXb
118
 $/7$$16,('$'(%$,;2'(6(03(1+2

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q R[Pa^ `dT P _aT^Rd_P{y^ | ]d\ RTac^ bT]cXS^ d\P aTb_^bcP
cX[`dTbTSTdTaaPSP\T]cTd\Pbd_TaRdXSPS^bP_aT_PaP{y^
\T]cP[ _PaP d\P P\TP{P _aTeXbeT[ <Pb TbbT T]bPX^ \T]cP[ |
d\P STbPbca^bP X]cTaUTa~]RXP R^V]XcXeP `dP]S^ R^[WXS^ ]d\P
aP]{^bP a^cX]P `dT _aT]ST P PcT]{y^ X]ca^\TcT]S^bT T\ c^SPb
Pb^dcaPbcT]cPcXePbSTR^]RT]caPabTT\^dcaPR^XbP
0 P]bXTSPST b^[P_P ^ X]cT[TRc^ =d\P cPaTUP R^\_[TgP
X]cT[TRcdP[\T]cT TgXVT]cT T ST VaP]ST _aTbby^ R^\^ P S^b
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Ra]XRP | d\ _aTeXb^a `dPbT RTac^ ST `dT P _Tbb^P ePX PRPQPa
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\PXb _a^QPQX[XSPST ST UP[WPa PX]SP `dT cT]WP\ R^]cPVT]b
bd_TaX^aTb T\ cTbcTb ST X]cT[XV~]RXP R^\^ R^]bcPc^d d\ TbcdS^
ST &( P[d]^b T\ caTX]P\T]c^ _PaP _^bc^b ST R^]ca^[T ST
cauUTV^ P|aT^ ! 0 P]bXTSPST cP\Q|\ bPQ^cP c^S^b ^b cX_^b ST
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P _aT^Rd_P{Tb \PXb UaPR^ | ^ bTd STbT\_T]W^ PRPS~\XR^
]y^ X\_^acP `dP[ P Tb_|RXT ST \TSX{y^  ]^cPb T\ _a^ePb
\|SXPST_^]c^b^dcTbcTbSTaT]SX\T]c^ "
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TgTRdcT\ d\P cPaTUP R^V]XcXeP S^ cX_^ R[PbbXUXRPa ^QYTc^b
P\QVd^b T\ d\P ST SdPb RPcTV^aXPb T ]PaaPa P^ \Tb\^
cT\_^ ^ `dT [WTb _PbbP _T[P RPQT{P STbR^QaTbT `dT by^ ^b
_T]bP\T]c^b ]TVPcXe^b  =y^ e^d R^]bTVdXa UPiTa Xbb^ =y^
b^d Q^\ ]TbbT cX_^ ST cTbcT  `dT \PXb SXaTcP\T]cT
PcaP_P[WP\ bTdb _a^RTbb^b ST STRXby^ =P eTaSPST `dP]S^ bT
_TSXd P d\ Vad_^ ST R^]ca^[T ST ]y^ _aT^Rd_PS^b `dT
bX\d[PbbT _aT^Rd_P{y^ SdaP]cT $ \X]dc^b bdP RP_PRXSPST ST
119
UPiTaP\Tb\PR^XbPSTcTaX^a^dbTPRT]cdPSP\T]cT4 `dP]S^ ^b
_aT^Rd_PS^b cXeTaP\ d\P bTbby^ P]cTaX^a\T]cT v TgTRd{y^ SP
cPaTUPST $\X]dc^bSTaT[PgP\T]c^^`dTaTSdiXdbTd]eT[
ST_aT^Rd_P{y^]y^cXeTaP\_a^Q[T\PbR^\T[P #
> cTbcT ST P]bXTSPST U^X TbcdSPS^ RXT]cXUXRP\T]cT _T[P
_aX\TXaP eTi ]P S|RPSP ST (% _^a AXRWPaS 0[_Tac `dT \T
R^]UTbb^d cTa TbbT bTd X]cTaTbbT STb_TacPS^ _^a`dT `dP]S^
TbcdSP]cT ^b ]Tae^b \dXcPb eTiTb ^ UPiXP\ bPXabT \P[ ]Pb
_a^ePb T]`dP]c^ d\ R^[TVP AP[_W 7PQTa PRWPeP `dT P
_aTbby^ P]cTb ST d\P _a^eP ]P eTaSPST ^ PYdSPeP P bPXabT
\T[W^a $0_Tb`dXbPST[TbT]caT^dca^bTbcdS^b\^bca^d`dTWu
S^Xb cX_^b ST TbcdSP]cTb P]bX^b^b) P`dT[Tb RdYP P]bXTSPST
_aTYdSXRP ^ STbT\_T]W^ PRPS~\XR^ T ^b `dT bT bPT\ QT\
P_TbPa SP cT]by^  ^d cP[eTi _^a RPdbP ST[P % 0 Xa^]XP S^
cTbcTSTP]bXTSPST|`dTP\Tb\PP_aTT]by^`dP]c^P^bdRTbb^
]P _a^eP `dT XSTP[\T]cT \^cXeP P[d]^b R^\^ 7PQTa P bT
_aT_PaPaT\ \T[W^a _PaP Pb _a^ePb T cTaT\ Q^\ STbT\_T]W^
| RP_Pi ST bPQ^cPa ^ ~gXc^ ST ^dca^b ?PaP _Tbb^Pb \dXc^
P]bX^bPb R^\^ 0[_Tac P P_aTT]by^ _a|_a^eP X]cTaUTaT ]P
R[PaTiPSTaPRX^R]X^T]P\T\aXP`dTby^Ud]SP\T]cPXb_PaP
d\ TbcdS^ TUXRPi T SdaP]cT P _a^eP P R[PaTiP \T]cP[
TbbT]RXP[_PaP`dTbTbPXP\QT\UXRPR^\_a^\TcXSP
0 ePaXTSPST ST _aT^Rd_P{Tb aT[PcPSPb _^a _Tbb^Pb `dT
STeTay^ bTa bdQ\TcXSPb P d\ cTbcT _aTSXi `dP[ bTau ^
STbT\_T]W^ ST[Pb & >b aTRdab^b \T]cPXb STb_T]SXS^b ]d\P
cPaTUP R^V]XcXeP  P _aT^Rd_P{y^  bX\_[Tb\T]cT \X]P\ ^b
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bT UXRPa\^b _aT^Rd_PS^b R^\ P _^bbXQX[XSPST ST UaPRPbbPa ]P
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T\_aTVPSP ]P aTb^[d{y^ SPb `dTbcTb =^bbPb _aT^Rd_P{Tb bT
c^a]P\ _a^UTRXPb Pdc^R^]RaTcXiP]cTb X\_T[X]S^]^b _PaP ^
_a_aX^STbPbcaT`dT_aTSXiT\
0b _Tbb^Pb RP_PiTb ST RP]P[XiPa bdPb T\^{Tb _^a ^dca^
[PS^ _^ST\ dbPa P P]bXTSPST P]cTRX_PcaXP  b^QaT d\
SXbRdab^ ^d cTbcT _agX\^b SXVP\^b  _PaP \^cXePaT\bT P
_aT_PaPaT\bT QT\ _PaP P cPaTUP R^\ Xbb^ bPX]S^bT QT\ 0
[XcTaPcdaP R[ubbXRP T\ _bXR^[^VXP STbRaTeT ^ aT[PRX^]P\T]c^
T]caTP]bXTSPSTTSTbT\_T]W^X]R[dX]S^^STbT\_T]W^\T]cP[
T\ cTa\^b ST d\ D X]eTacXS^ =^ _XR^ S^ D X]eTacXS^ Tbcu P
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P]bXTSPST ST \T]^b  ^ _aX\TXa^ [PS^ S^ D  caPi P_PcXP T
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T]`dP]c^ P]bXTSPST ST\PXb  ^ ^dca^ [PS^ S^ D  bPQ^cP
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120
cTR]XRP\T]cT RWP\PSP  _PaTRT XSTP[ _PaP TbRaXc^aTb T ^dca^b
T\ e^RP{Tb RaXPcXePb `dT TgXVT\ U[dXSTi T SXeTabXSPST
X\PVX]PcXeP ST _T]bP\T]c^* UXRP T\ P[Vd\ _^]c^ S^ _XR^ S^ D
X]eTacXS^<Pb|bPTdU^aXPbPXaSTR^]ca^[T`dTbTc^a]P\P]XP
\Tb\^ R^\^ ]Pb ^bRX[P{Tb ST Wd\^a S^b \P]PR^
ST_aTbbXe^b T P PVXcP{y^ b^[P_P P RP_PRXSPST ST _T]bPa R^\
R^Tby^ bdUXRXT]cT _PaP TbRaTeTa QT\ \dXc^ T\Q^aP Pb XS|XPb
U[dP\ [XeaT\T]cT  ]P eTaSPST [XeaT\T]cT ST\PXb _PaP
_^STa\^bPR^\_P]Wu[PbQT\TR^]RaTcXiPa\^bP[Vd\PR^XbP
>b TbcPS^b ST Tb_aXc^ _^bXcXe^b T]`dP]c^ SdaP\ Pd\T]cP\
PRP_PRXSPSTST_T]bPaR^\U[TgXQX[XSPSTT\PXbR^\_[TgXSPST
c^a]P]S^PbbX\\PXbUuRX[T]R^]caPab^[d{Tb_PaP^b_a^Q[T\Pb
X]cT[TRcdPXb ^d X]cTa_Tbb^PXb 8bb^ bdVTaT `dT d\P SPb \P]TXaPb
ST PYdSPa P[Vd|\ P b^[dRX^]Pa d\ _a^Q[T\P | R^]cPa[WT d\P
_XPSP > aXb^ R^\^ P TdU^aXP _PaTRT PYdSPa Pb _Tbb^Pb P
_T]bPaR^\\PXb[PaVdTiPTPUPiTaPbb^RXP{TbSTU^a\P\PXb
[XeaT_TaRTQT]S^aT[P{Tb`dTST^dca^\^S^_^STaXP\cTa[WTb
TbRP_PS^  d\P P_cXSy^ \T]cP[ X\_^acP]cT ]y^ P_T]Pb ]P
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0b eP]cPVT]b X]cT[TRcdPXb ST d\P Q^P aXbPSP by^ \PXb
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124
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125
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STbPUX^b `dT bdaVXaT\ > STbT]e^[eX\T]c^ ST `dP[`dTa cX_^ ST
P_cXSy^ U^acP[TRT ^ bT]b^ ST Pdc^TUXRuRXP c^a]P]S^ P _Tbb^P
\PXb SXb_^bcP P Pbbd\Xa aXbR^b T QdbRPa \PX^aTb STbPUX^b 4 P
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bT]cX\T]c^STPdc^TUXRuRXP4bbPPcXcdSTc^a]P\PXb_a^eueT[`dT
Pb _Tbb^Pb dbT\ \T[W^a `dPXb`dTa P_cXSTb `dT cT]WP\ ^d
UP{P\^]TRTbbuaX^_PaPSTbT]e^[e~[Pb
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d\ _a^Ud]S^ TUTXc^ b^QaT TbbPb P_cXSTb 0 P_cXSy^ ]y^ | d\P
_a^_aXTSPST UXgP* Wu d\P X\T]bP ePaXPQX[XSPST ]P \P]TXaP
R^\^ PcdP\^b 0b _Tbb^Pb `dT c~\ bT]b^ ST Pdc^TUXRuRXP bT
aTRd_TaP\ ST UaPRPbb^b* PQ^aSP\ Pb R^XbPb \PXb T\ cTa\^b ST
R^\^ [XSPa R^\ T[Pb S^ `dT bT _aT^Rd_P]S^ R^\ ^ `dT _^ST
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D\R^\_^bXc^aSTbRaTeT^b\^\T]c^bT\`dTbdPPacTPcX]VT^
_^]c^\PXbP[c^)

=b T]caP\^b ]d\ cP[ ]eT[ ST ~gcPbT `dT _PaTRT

`dT ]y^ TgXbcX\^b CXeT TbbP bT]bP{y^ euaXPb eTiTb
<X]WP \y^ _PaTRT bTa X]ST_T]ST]cT ST \X\ T ]PSP
cT]W^ P eTa R^\ ^ `dT bT _PbbP BX\_[Tb\T]cT UXR^ P[X

126
 ^QbTaeP]S^T\TbcPS^STaTb_TXc^TT]RP]cP\T]c^4P
R^XbPbX\_[Tb\T]cTU[dX_^abX\Tb\P!$

BdPSTbRaX{y^|\dXc^bT\T[WP]cTvSTRT]cT]PbSTSXUTaT]cTb
W^\T]bT\d[WTaTbP[_X]XbcPbRP\_TTbSTgPSaTi\|SXR^b
Y^VPS^aTb ST QPb`dTcT T]VT]WTXa^b VTaT]cTb T Pc| \Tb\^
Pa`dXeXbcPb  `dP]S^ UP[P\ ST d\ \^\T]c^ T\ `dT bT
bd_TaPaP\ T\ STcTa\X]PSP PcXeXSPST > TbcPS^ `dT STbRaTeT\
| RWP\PS^ ST U[dg^ _^a <XWP[h 2bXZbiT]c\XWP[hX _bXR[^V^ SP
D]XeTabXSPST ST 2WXRPV^ `dT R^[Tc^d TbbPb WXbcaXPb ST \ugX\^
STbT\_T]W^ T\ SdPb S|RPSPb ST _Tb`dXbP!% >b Pc[TcPb
R^]WTRT\ TbbT TbcPS^ ST VaP{P R^\^ P i^]P ^]ST P
TgRT[~]RXP eT\ UuRX[ P \d[cXSy^ T ^b R^\_TcXS^aTb
STbP_PaTRT\ ]d\P UT[Xi T R^]bcP]cT PQb^a{y^ S^ \^\T]c^
3XP]T A^UUTBcTX]a^ccTa `dT VP]W^d d\P \TSP[WP ST ^da^ T\
Tb`dX ]Pb >[X\_PSPb ST 8]eTa]^ ST ((# SXbbT ST_^Xb SP
R^aaXSP `dT b bT [T\QaPeP ST `dT TbcPeP X\TabP T\ c^cP[
aT[PgP\T]c^)
4d\TbT]cXPU[dXaR^\^d\PRPRW^TXaP!&
0RP_PRXSPSTSTT]caPaT\U[dg^|X]cT[XV~]RXPT\^RX^]P[]^
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RP]P[XiP{y^ SPb T\^{Tb P bTaeX{^ S^ STbT\_T]W^ T
P_aT]SXiPS^ =^ U[dg^ Pb T\^{Tb by^ ]y^ P_T]Pb R^]cXSPb T
SXaXVXSPb \Pb _^bXcXePb T]TaVXiPSPb T P[X]WPSPb R^\ P cPaTUP
`dT Tbcu bT]S^ aTP[XiPSP ETabT R^[WXS^ ]^ \PaPb\^ SP
ST_aTbby^ ^d ]P PVXcP{y^ SP P]bXTSPST | TbcP]RPa ^ U[dg^
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b^QaTcdS^ `dP]S^ ]^ \ugX\^ S^ STbT\_T]W^ ^d X]S^ P[|\ S^b
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5[dXa | d\P Tg_TaX~]RXP V[^aX^bP) ^ bX]P[ RPaPRcTabcXR^ S^
U[dg^ | d\P bT]bP{y^ ST P[TVaXP Tb_^]cw]TP T \Tb\^ ST
~gcPbT ?^a bTa cy^ Q^\ | X]caX]bTRP\T]cT R^\_T]bPS^a q d\
TbcPS^ T\ `dT Pb _Tbb^Pb UXRP\ PQb^[dcP\T]cT PQb^acPb ]^ `dT
Tbcy^ UPiT]S^ SP]S^ PcT]{y^ TgR[dbXeP v cPaTUP P R^]bRX~]RXP
T\ Udby^ R^\ ^b Pc^b =P eTaSPST _T]bPa ST\PXb ]^ `dT Tbcu
PR^]cTRT]S^ RPdbP X]cTaad_{y^ ]^ U[dg^  Pc| P XS|XP 2^\^
Tbc^d UPiT]S^ Xbb^ \PaPeX[W^bP\T]cT _^ST X]cTaa^\_Ta ^ U[dg^
0 PcT]{y^ UXRP cy^ R^]RT]caPSP `dT Pb _Tbb^Pb b c~\
R^]bRX~]RXP SP TbcaTXcP VP\P ST _TaRT_{y^ aT[PRX^]PSP R^\ ^
`dT Tbcy^ UPiT]S^ _TaST]S^ P ]^{y^ ST cT\_^ T Tb_P{^ D\
RXadaVXy^_^aTgT\_[^[T\QaPePd\PRXadaVXPST[XRPSPSdaP]cT
P `dP[ T]ca^d T\ U[dg^* `dP]S^ P R^]R[dXd ]^c^d `dT WPeXP
P[Vd]b STcaXc^b ]^ RWy^ SP bP[P ST ^_TaP{y^ T _TaVd]c^d ^ `dT

127
PR^]cTRTaP 5XR^d Tb_P]cPS^ P^ bPQTa `dT T]`dP]c^ TbcPeP cy^
R^]RT]caPS^ ]P RXadaVXP _PacT S^ aTeTbcX\T]c^ S^ cTc^ STbPQPaP
T[T]y^WPeXP]^cPS^]PSP
> U[dg^ | d\ TbcPS^ ST Pdc^PQP]S^]^ ^ ^_^bc^ SP
ad\X]P{y^ T _aT^Rd_P{y^) T\ eTi ST _TaSTabT T\ RdXSPS^b
]Tae^b^bPb_Tbb^PbT\U[dg^bTR^]RT]caP\cP]c^]^`dTTbcy^
UPiT]S^`dT_TaST\c^SPPPdc^R^]bRX~]RXPSTXgP]S^ST[PS^Pb
_T`dT]Pb _aT^Rd_P{Tb  bPST R^]cPb Pc| \Tb\^ ^ QT\
TbcPaSPeXSPSXuaXP=TbbTbT]cXS^]^b\^\T]c^bSTU[dg^Pb
_Tbb^PbbTc^a]P\STb_aT]SXSPb?PaPS^gP[\T]cTPb_Tbb^PbT\
U[dg^TgXQT\d\R^]ca^[TPQb^[dc^b^QaT^`dTTbcy^UPiT]S^Pb
aTP{Tb _TaUTXcP\T]cT bX]c^]XiPSPb R^\ Pb RP\QXP]cTb
TgXV~]RXPb SP cPaTUP 4 T\Q^aP PcdT\ ]^ _^]c^ \PXb P[c^
`dP]S^ T\ U[dg^ ]y^ bT _aT^Rd_P\ R^\ bTd STbT\_T]W^
R^\ P `dTbcy^ ST bdRTbb^ ^d UaPRPbb^  ^ `dT Pb \^cXeP | ^
_da^_aPiTaS^Pc^T\bX
7ueuaXPb\P]TXaPbSTT]caPaT\U[dg^D\PST[Pb|\P]cTa
STU^a\PST[XQTaPSPd\PPVdSPPcT]{y^]^`dTTbcubT]S^UTXc^*
P Tbb~]RXP S^ U[dg^ | d\ TbcPS^ ST P[cP R^]RT]caP{y^ ?PaTRT
WPeTa d\ RXaRdXc^ ST UTTSQPRZ ]P T]caPSP STbbP i^]P) _^ST
TgXVXa R^]bXSTaueT[ TbU^a{^ PRP[\PabT T R^]RT]caPabT ^
bdUXRXT]cT _PaP X]XRXPa P cPaTUP  TbbT _aX\TXa^ _Pbb^ TgXVT
d\P RTacP SXbRX_[X]P <Pb PbbX\ `dT P R^]RT]caP{y^ R^\T{P P
UXgPabT Pbbd\T d\P U^a{P _a_aXP `dT P^ \Tb\^ cT\_^
_a^_^aRX^]P P[eX^ SP cdaQd[~]RXP T\^RX^]P[ T c^a]P UuRX[ P
cPaTUP
0 T]caPSP ]TbbP i^]P _^ST ^R^aaTa cP\Q|\ `dP]S^ Pb
_Tbb^PbT]R^]caP\d\PcPaTUPT\`dTby^WuQTXbTPTgTRdcP\
]d\ ]eT[ `dT _^dR^ TgXVT ST bdP RP_PRXSPST 2^\^ \T SXbbT
2bXZbiT]c\XWP[hX)
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[WTb|TgXVXS^|_^dR^TT[Pb_^ST\SPa\PXbBT^`dT[WTb|
TgXVXS^ | \dXc^ _^dR^ T[Pb bT T]cTSXP\ BT cXeTaT\ ST [XSPa
R^\ R^XbPb _PaP T[Pb TgRTbbXePb UXRP\ P]bX^bPb > U[dg^ ^R^aaT
]P`dT[Pi^]PST[XRPSPT]caT^c|SX^TPP]bXTSPST!'
>_aPiTaPVaP{PTPTUXRuRXPTb_^]cw]T^b`dTRPaPRcTaXiP\
^ U[dg^ by^ X]R^\_PceTXb R^\ bT`Tbca^b T\^RX^]PXb ]^b `dPXb
^bbdac^b[\QXR^bbTP_^STaP\S^aTbc^S^R|aTQa^0`dP[XSPST
SP PcT]{y^ ]^ U[dg^ | aT[PgPSP \Pb P[cP\T]cT R^]RT]caPSP q
d\P R^]RT]caP{y^ \dXc^ SXUTaT]cT S^ TbU^a{^ _PaP _aTbcPa
PcT]{y^ `dP]S^ TbcP\^b RP]bPS^b ^d T]cTSXPS^b ^d `dP]S^
]^bbPR^]RT]caP{y^|PbbTSXPSP_^abT]cX\T]c^bX]cadb^bR^\^P
P]bXTSPST^dPaPXeP
> U[dg^ | d\ TbcPS^ bT\ X]cTaUTa~]RXP T\^RX^]P[ P ]y^ bTa
_^a d\ bT]cX\T]c^ R^\_d[bXe^ P[cP\T]cT \^cXePS^a ST bdPeT
~gcPbT 4bbT ~gcPbT _PaTRT bTa d\ bdQ_a^Sdc^ SP R^]RT]caP{y^
128
ST PcT]{y^ `dT | d\ _a|aT`dXbXc^ S^ U[dg^ =P eTaSPST P
[XcTaPcdaP R[ubbXRP SPb caPSX{Tb R^]cT\_[PcXePb STbRaTeT TbcPS^b
ST PQb^a{y^ `dT by^ bT]cXS^b R^\^ _daP UT[XRXSPST) U[dg^
X]SdiXS^_^a]PSP\PXb`dTX]cT]bPR^]RT]caP{y^
ETaP[Vd|\T\U[dg^SuPX\_aTbby^ST`dT^SXURX[|UuRX[)
^ PdVT S^ STbT\_T]W^ _PaTRT ]PcdaP[ T QP]P[ 4bbP X\_aTbby^
| _PaP[T[P P^ `dT bT _PbbP ]^ R|aTQa^ ^]ST d\ _PaPS^g^
bT\T[WP]cTbTaT_TcT)Pb\PXbSTbPUXP]cTbcPaTUPbby^TgTRdcPSPb
R^\ d\ SXb_~]SX^ \]X\^ ST T]TaVXP \T]cP[ =^ U[dg^ ^
R|aTQa^ bT PRWP ]d\ TbcPS^ UaX^ P TbcX\d[P{y^ T X]XQX{y^ S^b
RXaRdXc^b ]TdaPXb Tbcy^ bX]c^]XiPS^b R^\ P b^[XRXcP{y^ S^
\^\T]c^ @dP]S^ Pb _Tbb^Pb bT PRWP\ T\_T]WPSPb T\
PcXeXSPSTb `dT _aT]ST\ T \P]c~\ bT\ TbU^a{^ P bdP PcT]{y^
bTd R|aTQa^ bT PRP[\P ]^ bT]cXS^ ST `dT ^R^aaT d\P
SX\X]dX{y^STTbcX\d[P{y^R^acXRP[!( 4bbP STbR^QTacP | ]^cueT[
d\PeTi`dT^U[dg^_Ta\XcT`dTPb_Tbb^PbT]UaT]cT\Pb\PXb
STbPUXP]cTbcPaTUPb]d\STcTa\X]PS^RP\_^bTYPY^VP]S^R^]caP
d\ \TbcaT ST gPSaTi ^d b^[dRX^]P]S^ d\ R^\_[Tg^ _a^Q[T\P
\PcT\ucXR^ 0 Tg_TRcPcXeP bTaXP ST `dT TbbPb cPaTUPb STbPUXP]cTb
TgXVXbbT\]QYcPcXeXSPSTR^acXRP[T]y^\T]^b<Pbd\PRWPeT
_PaP^U[dg^|`dTT[Tb^R^aaT_Tac^S^Rd\TSPRP_PRXSPST
^]STPbP_cXSTbTbcy^QT\T]bPXPSPbT^bRXaRdXc^b]TdaPXb\PXb
TUXRXT]cTb
D\P R^]RT]caP{y^ U^a{PSP  d\P R^]RT]caP{y^ P[X\T]cPSP
_T[P _aT^Rd_P{y^  _a^Sdi \PX^a PcXeP{y^ R^acXRP[ <Pb P
i^]P ST U[dg^ T STbT\_T]W^ XSTP[ _PaTRT bTa d\ ^ubXb ST
TUXRX~]RXP R^acXRP[ R^\ d\ SXb_~]SX^ \]X\^ ST T]TaVXP
\T]cP[ 8bb^ UPi bT]cXS^ cP[eTi T\ cTa\^b SP _aucXRP ]P
PcXeXSPST `dT _Ta\XcT `dT Pb _Tbb^Pb T]caT\ ]^ U[dg^) ^
S^\]X^SPbTcP_PbSTd\PcPaTUPUbXRPR^\^TbRP[Paa^RWTS^b
^d\T]cP[R^\^P_a^VaP\P{y^STR^\_dcPS^aTbbXV]XUXRP`dT
^ R|aTQa^ _^ST bTa \PXb TUXRXT]cT T\ bdP TgTRd{y^ 0b TcP_Pb
QT\_aPcXRPSPbTgXVT\\T]^bTbU^a{^S^R|aTQa^S^`dTPb`dT
Tbcy^ bT]S^ P_aT]SXSPb ^d Pb `dT PX]SP P_aTbT]cP\ P[c^ VaPd
ST SXUXRd[SPST 3^ \Tb\^ \^S^ `dP]S^ ^ R|aTQa^ caPQP[WP
R^\ \T]^b TUXRX~]RXP STeXS^ P^ RP]bP{^ ^d ]Tae^bXb\^ R^\^
PR^]cTRT P^ UX\ ST d\ SXP [^]V^ T TbcaTbbP]cT Wu d\
cdaeP\T]c^ SP _aTRXby^ S^ TbU^a{^ R^acXRP[ R^\ P PcXeP{y^ ST
\dXcPb uaTPb bd_|aU[dPb  d\ TbcPS^ VTaP[ `dT bT bT]cT R^\^
TbcP]S^P[cP\T]cTSXbcaPS^">\Tb\^PR^]cTRT]^c|SX^<Pb
`dP]S^^R|aTQa^PcdP]PTUXRX~]RXP\ugX\PR^\^]^U[dg^Wu
d\P aT[P{y^ _aTRXbP T]caT Pb uaTPb PcXePb T Pb TgXV~]RXPb SP
cPaTUP =TbbT TbcPS^ \Tb\^ ^ caPQP[W^ uaSd^ _^ST _PaTRTa
\PXbaT]^ePS^aTaTbcPdaPS^a`dTRP]bPcXe^

129
 $35(1',=$'2()/8;280129202'(/2
3$5$$('8&$d2

2^\^^U[dg^bdaVTT\i^]Pb]Pb`dPXbd\PPcXeXSPSTSTbPUXPPb
_Tbb^PbPTgTaRTaT\^\ugX\^STbdPbRP_PRXSPSTbv\TSXSP
`dT bdPb P_cXSTb Pd\T]cP\ | ]TRTbbuaX^ d\ \PX^a TbU^a{^
_PaP T]caPa ]T[T BT P cPaTUP | bX\_[Tb ST\PXb T]cTSXP* bT
STbPUXPS^aP ST\PXb aTbd[cP \PXb T\ P]bXTSPST `dT T\ U[dg^
?^STbTSXiTa`dT^S^\]X^]d\^URX^^dP_cXSy^|TbcX\d[PS^
_T[P Tg_TaX~]RXP S^ U[dg^  `dT P \^cXeP{y^ _PaP bT
P_TaUTX{^Pa RPSP eTi \PXb T\ P[Vd\P R^XbP bTYP c^RPa eX^[X]^
SP]{Pa^dbT_PaPaVT]Tb|_T[^\T]^bT\_PacTTbcPaT\U[dg^
`dP]S^ P aTP[XiP]S^ =P eTaSPST ]d\ TbcdS^ R^\ SdiT]c^b
_X]c^aTb 'P]^bST_^Xb`dTSTXgPaP\PTbR^[P2bXZbiT]c\XWP[hX
R^]bcPc^d `dT U^aP\ P`dT[Tb `dT ]^b cT\_^b ST TbcdSP]cT
bPQ^aTPeP\ ^ _da^ _aPiTa ST _X]cPa `dT bT c^a]PaP\
eTaSPSTXaP\T]cT PacXbcPb >b `dT WPeXP\ bXS^ \^cXePS^b ]P
TbR^[P ST PacT _^a UP]cPbXPb ST UP\P T U^acd]P T\ bdP \PX^aXP
PUPbcPaP\bTSPPacTST_^XbSTU^a\PS^b
2bXZbiT]c\XWP[hXR^]R[dX)
>b_X]c^aTbSTeT\`dTaTa_X]cPaPRX\PSTcdS^\PXbBT
^ PacXbcP SXP]cT SP cT[P bT _T P X\PVX]Pa _^a `dP]c^ ePX
eT]S~[P ^d ^ `dT ^b RacXR^b ey^ _T]bPa ST bdP ^QaP ]y^
R^]bTVdXau RaXPa 0b aTP[XiP{Tb RaXPcXePb ST_T]ST\ ST d\P
X\Taby^^QbcX]PSP"
0bbX\R^\^^U[dg^|d\_a|aT`dXbXc^_PaPP\PTbcaXP]d\
^URX^ _a^UXbby^ ^d PacT ^ \Tb\^ bT Su R^\ P TSdRP{y^ >b
P[d]^b `dT T]caP\ T\ U[dg^ `dP]S^ TbcdSP\ bPT\bT \T[W^a
X]ST_T]ST]cT\T]cT SP \TSXSP ST bTd _^cT]RXP[ PeP[XPS^ _^a
cTbcTb ST aT]SX\T]c^ >b P[d]^b ST d\P TbR^[P Tb_TRXP[ ST
RX~]RXPb T\ 2WXRPV^  c^S^b T]caT ^b _aX\TXa^b $ ]d\ cTbcT
STR^\_Tc~]RXPT\\PcT\ucXRPU^aP\R[PbbXUXRPS^b_^abTdb
_a^UTbb^aTb R^\^ ST P[c^ ^d QPXg^ STbT\_T]W^ 3T_^Xb
^QbTae^dbT P \P]TXaP R^\^ TbbTb TbcdSP]cTb _PbbPeP\ bTd
cT\_^ RPSP d\ [TeP]S^ d\ QX_T `dT ^b \P]SPeP T\ W^aPb
P[TPcaXPb SdaP]cT ^ SXP P]^cPa ^ `dT TbcPeP\ UPiT]S^ T `dP[ ^
bTd TbcPS^ ST Tb_aXc^ 2^\^ TaP Tb_TaPS^ P`dT[Tb `dT cX]WP\
QPXg^ STbT\_T]W^ _PbbPeP\ P_T]Pb RTaRP ST $ W^aPb _^a
bT\P]P TbcdSP]S^ T\ RPbP \dXc^ \T]^b `dT Pb !& W^aPb _^a
bT\P]PSTcaPQP[W^STRPbPRd\_aXSPb_^abTdbR^[TVPbSTP[c^
STbT\_T]W^>bSTQPXg^STbT\_T]W^_PbbPeP\P\PX^a_PacT
S^cT\_^T\`dT]y^TbcPeP\TbcdSP]S^T\PcXeXSPSTbb^RXPXb
R^\^bP\XV^b^dPUP\[XP
@dP]S^ PeP[XPS^b ^b bTdb TbcPS^b ST Tb_aXc^ ^R^aaTd d\P
R^]bcPcP{y^ aTeT[PS^aP CP]c^ ^b ST P[c^ `dP]c^ ^b ST QPXg^
STbT\_T]W^ _PbbPeP\ VaP]ST _PacT SP bT\P]P T]cTSXP]S^bT
130
R^\ PcXeXSPSTb R^\^ eTa CE `dT ]y^ X\_d]WP\ STbPUX^b P
bdPb RP_PRXSPSTb 4bcT PUX]P[ | ^ STbcX]^ S^b PS^[TbRT]cTb <Pb
P SXUTaT]{PRWPeT TbcPeP T\ R^\^ Tg_TaXT]RXPeP\ ^b TbcdS^b
?PaP ^b ST P[c^ STbT\_T]W^ ^ TbcdS^ SPeP[WTb ^ STbPUX^
PVaPSueT[ T PQb^aeT]cT S^ U[dg^ T\ # SPb W^aPb `dT
_PbbPeP\ ]T[T <Pb _PaP ^b ST QPXg^ STbT\_T]W^ ^ TbcdS^
_a^SdiXPU[dg^P_T]PbT\ %S^cT\_^*]P\PX^aXPSPbeTiTb
_a^SdiXP P]bXTSPST R^\ TgXV~]RXPb `dT XP\ P[|\ ST bdPb
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133
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135
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[1] Perfil de Sensibilidade No-Verbal. (N. do T.)

[2] Uma nota de advertncia. Se h padres biolgicos em jogo em alguns
tipos de criminalidade como um defeito neural na empatia , isso no
quer dizer que todos os criminosos so biologicamente anmalos, ou que
existe uma determinante biolgica para o crime. H uma tremenda
controvrsia sobre essa questo, e o melhor consenso a que podemos
chegar o de que no h essa determinante biolgica, e certamente
nenhum gene criminoso. Mesmo que haja, em alguns casos, uma base
biolgica que justifique a ausncia de empatia, isso no determinante
para a prtica de atos criminosos; no acontece com a maioria das
pessoas. A falta de empatia apenas um fator, entre outras foras
psicolgicas, econmicas e sociais, que contribui para um vetor em
148
direo criminalidade.

149
 
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156
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158
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159
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160
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175
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176
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198
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199
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200
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201
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202
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203
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204
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205
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206
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217
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218
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219
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220
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221
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^d d\ WXbcaXR^ ST PcP`dTb RPaSPR^b P]cTaX^aTb 4]caT ^b
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T\ bTXb TaP _^acPS^a ST ST_aTbby^ VaPeT @dP]S^ U^aP\
caPcPS^bSTbcT_a^Q[T\P^]\Ta^STSXPb_^aP]^`dTUXRPaP\
X]RP_PRXcPS^b RPXd ST &( _PaP $  _PaP P`dT[Tb R^\ VaP]ST
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caPcPS^bSTST_aTbby^QaP]SP"#

222
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ST _Tbb^Pb _Ta\XcT\ eTaXUXRPa bTdb TUTXc^b ]Pb X]d\TaueTXb T
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R^]`dXbcPa \PX^a VaPd ST \^QX[XSPST UbXRP T\ R^\_PaP{y^
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223
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224
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225
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226
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228
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229
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230
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244
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250
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251
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X]SXUTaT]cT v S^a ^ R^a_^ _aT_PaPS^ _PaP ST\P]SPb UbXRPb
R^]bcP]cTbT]P`dT[T\^\T]c^X]SXUTaT]cTP^`dTST^dca^
\^S^ _^STaXP\ bTa UPc^b X]cT]bP\T]cT _TacdaQPS^aTb 4bbPb
eP]cPVT]b ST Rdac^ _aPi^ _^a|\ c^a]P\bT _a^Q[T\Pb
SdaPS^da^b `dP]S^ P P[cTaP{y^ RTaTQaP[ | ST cP[ \^]cP `dT T[Pb
bT c^a]P\ _aTSXb_^bX{Tb R^\^ d\ RPaa^ R^\ ^ Rw\QX^
T\_TaaPS^ T\ \PaRWP P[cP @dP]S^ P P\VSP[P T Pb aTVXTb P
T[P[XVPSPb]^R|aTQa^Pbbd\T\d\]^e^_^]c^ST_PacXSP]d\
\^\T]c^ ST caPd\P X]cT]b^ TbbP \dSP]{P ST TgRXcPQX[XSPST
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c^a]PabT d\P T\TaV~]RXP T d\ PR^]cTRX\T]c^ `dP[`dTa _^ST
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5($35(1',=$'2(02&,21$/

4bbPb [T\QaP]{Pb caPd\ucXRPb _PaTRT\ _Ta\P]TRTa R^\^

_^]c^b UXg^b SP Ud]{y^ RTaTQaP[ _^a`dT X]cTaUTaT\ ]^
P_aT]SXiPS^ _^bcTaX^a  Tb_TRXUXRP\T]cT ]^ aTP_aT]SXiPS^ ST
d\P aTb_^bcP \PXb ]^a\P[ P TbbTb UPc^b caPd\PcXiP]cTb =^
\TS^PS`dXaXS^R^\^^?CB3^b\TRP]Xb\^bSTP_aT]SXiPS^T
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253
X]SdiXS^b T\ P]X\PXb ST [PQ^aPcaX^ ^QbTaeP 2WPa]Th ^ \TS^
_^ST SdaPa P]^b " 0 aTVXy^RWPeT S^ R|aTQa^ `dT P_aT]ST
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^b cu[P\^b P\VSP[P T [^Q^ _a|Ua^]cP[  P a^cP S^ bT`Tbca^
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RXaRd]bcw]RXPb SXUTaT]cTb 0bbX\ d\P RaXP]{P `dT cT\ \TS^ ST
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bdVTaT `dT Wu P _^bbXQX[XSPST ST `dT Pb \dSP]{Pb RPdbPSPb
_T[^ ?CB3 ]^ R|aTQa^ bTYP\ cy^ U^acTb `dT ]P eTaSPST ^
bT`Tbca^ SP P\VSP[P ^R^aaT c^SP eTi `dT P_PaTRT P[Vd\P
R^XbP PX]SP `dT ePVP\T]cT aT\X]XbRT]cT S^ caPd\P ^aXVX]P[
U^acP[TRT]S^Pa^cPS^\TS^8bb^`dTaSXiTa`dT]y^Wud\Pb
eTi T\ `dT ^ `dT cT\T\^b bT XVdP[T R^\ d\ bT]cX\T]c^ ST
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> \TS^ ^aXVX]P[ T]caP]WPS^ ]P P\VSP[P ]y^ ePX T\Q^aP
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S^ \TS^ P_aT]SXS^  SXi AXRWPaS 3PeXSb^] _bXR[^V^ SP
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P_aT]SXP\ P cTa PeTaby^ P d\ adS^ P[c^  d\ _PaPSXV\P S^
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254
 5(('8&$1'22&e5(%52(02&,21$/

D\P SPb \PXb _a^\Xbb^aPb STbR^QTacPb b^QaT ^ ?CB3 eTX^ ST

d\ TbcdS^ R^\ b^QaTeXeT]cTb S^ 7^[^RPdbc^ ca~b `dPac^b S^b
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PcXe^bST?CB30STbR^QTacP\PXbX\_^acP]cTU^X`dTd\`dPac^
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^b cX]WP\* ST P[Vd\P U^a\P ^b UPc^b ]PcdaPXb ST bdPb eXSPb
WPeXP\ R^]caPQP[P]{PS^ ^ _a^Q[T\P 0`dT[Tb `dT PX]SP
P_aTbT]cPeP\ ^b bX]c^\Pb \^bcaPeP\ X]SRX^b ST P[cTaP{Tb
RTaTQaPXb aT[PRX^]PSPb R^\ P RPcTR^[P\X]P c_XRPb S^ ?CB3
\Pb^b`dTWPeXP\bTaTRd_TaPS^]y^cX]WP\cPXb\dSP]{Pb %
4bbP STbR^QTacP T ^dcaPb XVdPXb bdVTaT\ `dT Pb \dSP]{Pb
RTaTQaPXb ]^ ?CB3 ]y^ by^ X]ST[|eTXb T `dT Pb _Tbb^Pb _^ST\
bTaTRd_TaPa\Tb\^SPb\PXbP]VdbcXP]cTbRXRPcaXiTbT\^RX^]PXb
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aTTSdRPS^b 0 ]^cRXP Q^P _^acP]c^ | `dT caPd\Pb _a^Ud]S^b
RPdbPS^aTbS^?CB3_^ST\bTaRdaPS^bT`dTPa^cP_PaPTbbP
RdaP_PbbP_T[^aTP_aT]SXiPS^
D\P SPb U^a\Pb R^\^ TbbP RdaP T\^RX^]P[ ^R^aaT
Tb_^]cP]TP\T]cT  _T[^ \T]^b T\ RaXP]{Pb  | PcaPe|b ST
Y^V^bR^\^^?daSh 4bbPb QaX]RPSTXaPb UTXcPb aT_TcXSPb eTiTb
_Ta\XcT\ `dT Pb RaXP]{Pb aTeXeP\ ^ SaP\P ]d\ P\QXT]cT T\
`dT bT bX]cP\ bTVdaPb QaX]RP]S^ 8bb^ ^UTaTRT SdPb a^cPb ST
RdaP) ST d\ [PS^ P \T\aXP aT_TcT ^ R^]cTgc^ ST QPXgP
P]bXTSPST STbbT]bXQX[XiP]S^P T _Ta\XcX]S^ `dT d\ R^]Yd]c^ ST
aTb_^bcPb ]y^ caPd\PcXiPSPb bT Pbb^RXT\ P T[P >dcaP a^cP ST
RdaP | `dT T\ bdPb RPQTRX]WPb Pb RaXP]{Pb _^ST\
\PVXRP\T]cT SPa v caPV|SXP d\ UX]P[ UT[Xi) vb eTiTb P^
QaX]RPaT\ ST ?daSh T[Pb ^ \PcP\ U^acP[TRT]S^ bTd bT]b^ ST
S^\]X^b^QaTP`dT[TcaPd\ucXR^\^\T]c^STX\_^c~]RXP
1aX]RPSTXaPb R^\^ ?daSh by^ _aTeXbeTXb T\ RaXP]{Pb `dT
_PbbPaP\ _^a d\P eX^[~]RXP cy^ PaaPbPS^aP 4bbPb QaX]RPSTXaPb
\PRPQaPb RaXPSPb _^a RaXP]{Pb caPd\PcXiPSPb U^aP\ _T[P
_aX\TXaP eTi ^QbTaePSPb _T[P 3aP ;T]^aT CTaa _bX`dXPcaP
X]UP]cX[ ST By^ 5aP]RXbR^ & 4[P XST]cXUXR^d TbbPb QaX]RPSTXaPb
T]caT RaXP]{Pb ST 2W^fRWX[[P ]P 2P[XUa]XP  P _^dR^ \PXb ST
d\P W^aP _T[^ 2T]caP[ EP[[Th ST Bc^RZc^] ^]ST ?daSh RaX^d
P`dT[T X]UTa]^  `dT T\ (&" WPeXP\ bXS^ bT`TbcaPSPb
`dP]S^ e^[cPeP\ ST d\ SXP ST PRP\_P\T]c^ >b
bT`TbcaPS^aTb T]cTaaPaP\ ^ ]XQdb `dT Pb caPiXP R^\ Pb
RaXP]{PbTcdS^T^b^UaX\T]c^Sda^d!&W^aPb
2X]R^ P]^b ST_^Xb P 3aP CTaa STbR^QaXd ^ bT`Tbca^ PX]SP
bT]S^ aTT]RT]PS^ ]Pb QaX]RPSTXaPb SPb ecX\Pb 0b \T]X]Pb _^a
TgT\_[^ UPiXP\ bT`Tbca^b bX\Q[XR^b R^\ bdPb Q^]TRPb
1PaQXTD\PST[Pb`dTSTcTbcPaPPbT]bP{y^SPdaX]PSPb^dcaPb
255
RaXP]{Pb T\ bdP _T[T `dP]S^ TbcPeP\ P\^]c^PSPb T
PcTaa^aXiPSPb ]y^ _PaPeP ST SPa QP]W^ T\ bdP 1PaQXT >dcaP
QaX]RPeP ST 1PaQXT EXPYP]cT T\ `dT P Q^]TRP eXPYP _PaP d\
[dVPa `dP[`dTa T aTc^a]P T\ bTVdaP]{P `dT | ^ ^QYTcXe^ SP
QaX]RPSTXaP 0 QaX]RPSTXaP _aTUTaXSP _^a ^dcaP \T]X]P bT SPeP
]d\ RT]uaX^ T\ `dT P Q^]TRP TaP \TcXSP ]d\ QdaPR^ T
bdU^RPeP
4]`dP]c^ PSd[c^b `dT _PbbPaP\ _^a d\ caPd\P PaaPbPS^a
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[T\QaP]{P ^d bT]bP{y^ SP RPcubca^UT P _bX`dT SPb RaXP]{Pb
\dXcPb eTiTb [XSP SXUTaT]cT\T]cT R^\ T[T 0 3aP CTaa PRaTSXcP
`dT T[Pb bT c^a]P\ \T]^b UaT`T]cT\T]cT T]c^a_TRXSPb _PaP ^
caPd\P _^a`dT aTR^aaT\ v UP]cPbXP vb QaX]RPSTXaPb T P^b
STeP]TX^b _PaP [T\QaPa T T[PQ^aPa ^ b^UaX\T]c^ _^a `dT
_PbbPaP\4bbPbaTT]RT]P{Tbe^[d]cuaXPbS^caPd\PX\_TST\P
]TRTbbXSPSTSTaT_aTbu[^T\_^STa^bPb[T\QaP]{Pb`dT_^ST\
ST_^Xb Xaa^\_Ta R^\^ U[PbWQPRZb BT ^ caPd\P | \T]^a R^\^
Xa P^ ST]cXbcP _PaP UPiTa d\P ^QcdaP{y^ P_T]Pb d\P ^d SdPb
eTiTb _^ST\ QPbcPa <Pb bT | PaaPbPS^a P RaXP]{P _aTRXbP ST
X]R^]cueTXbaT_TcX{TbaTT]RT]P]S^^SaP\P\dXcPbeTiTb]d\
aXcdP[bX]Xbca^T\^]c^]^
D\P SPb U^a\Pb ST RWTVPa v X\PVT\ R^]VT[PSP ]P
P\VSP[P|PcaPe|bSPPacT`dT|d\PSPbU^a\PbSTTg_aTbby^
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R^\ bX\Q^[Xb\^b T R^\ ^ `dT 5aTdS RWP\^d ST _a^RTbb^
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4bbT aTRdab^ | \dXc^ dcX[XiPS^ ]^ caPcP\T]c^ ST RaXP]{Pb
caPd\PcXiPSPbbeTiTbPPacT^UTaTRTvRaXP]{PP^_^acd]XSPST
ST UP[Pa S^ \^\T]c^ ST W^aa^a b^QaT ^ `dP[ ]y^ ^dbPaXP UP[Pa
T\^dcaPbRXaRd]bcw]RXPb
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caPcPa STbbPb RaXP]{Pb UP[P ST d\ \T]X]^ ST $ P]^b `dT Yd]c^
R^\ P \yT U^X bT`TbcaPS^ _^a d\ Tg]P\^aPS^ ST[P >
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\^acT > \T]X]^ R^\_aTT]bXeT[\T]cT aT[dcPeP T\ UP[Pa R^\
4cW b^QaT ^ \PbbPRaT `dT ^deXaP T eXaP ST STQPXg^ S^ R^QTac^a
?^aXbb^^_bX`dXPcaP_TSXd[WT`dTSTbT]WPbbT`dP[`dTaR^XbP
4cW[T\QaP`dT^ STbT]W^TaPSTd\ _X[^c^STR^aaXSPb R^\
d]b ^[W^b X\_aTbbX^]P]cT\T]cT VaP]STb 4[T X]cTa_aTc^d Xbb^
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PbbPbbX]^ 4bbPb aTUTa~]RXPb ^Rd[cPb v RT]P caPd\ucXRP `dPbT
bT\_aT P_PaTRT\ ]^b caPQP[W^b PacbcXR^b ST RaXP]{Pb
caPd\PcXiPSPb* 4cW dcX[XiP ^ STbT]W^ ]^ caPcP\T]c^ ST RaXP]{Pb
R^\TbbTcX_^ST_a^Q[T\PPY^VPSPSTPQTacdaPSPcTaP_XP0b
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256
R^\^X]ePST\bTdb_T]bP\T]c^b0[|\SXbb^^Pc^STSTbT]WPa
|T\bXcTaP_~dcXR^X]XRXP]S^^_a^RTbb^STR^]ca^[TS^caPd\P

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PcPRP]cT T[T R^]cX]d^d P _TabTVdX[P) X]R^\^SP]S^P
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]^ \TX^ SP ]^XcT c^RPXP]S^P T ^QbTaeP]S^ c^S^b ^b
bTdb \^eX\T]c^b 0 RTacP P[cdaP `dP]S^ T[P _TSXd
PYdSP v _^[RXP ^b _^[XRXPXb R^]bXSTaPaP\ `dT bTd
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PR^]cTRTaP @dP]S^ aTR^aaTd v cTaP_XP 8aT]T cX]WP
bX]c^\PbST?CB3STbXbcXaPSTc^SPeXSPb^RXP[TbT]cXP
bT_aXbX^]TXaPT\bdP_a_aXPRPbP
> RPb^ ST 8aT]T | RXcPS^ _T[P 3aP 9dSXcW ;TfXb 7Ta\P]
_bX`dXPcaP ST 7PaePaS RdY^ caPQP[W^ _X^]TXa^ caP{P Pb TcP_Pb
_PaP P aTRd_TaP{y^ ST d\ caPd\P 4[P e~ ca~b TcP_Pb) ^QcTa
d\P bT]bP{y^ ST bTVdaP]{P [T\QaPa ^b STcP[WTb S^ caPd\P T
[P\T]cPaP_TaSP`dTT[Tca^dgTTUX]P[\T]cTaTbcPQT[TRTad\P
eXSP ]^a\P[ 7u d\P [VXRP QX^[VXRP ]P ^aST]P{y^ STbbPb
TcP_Pb R^\^ eTaT\^b) TbbP bT`~]RXP _PaTRT bT aTU[TcXa ]^
R|aTQa^ T\^RX^]P[ `dT aTP_aT]ST `dT P eXSP ]y^ _aTRXbP bTa
T]RPaPSPR^\^d\PT\TaV~]RXPX\X]T]cT
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cT\ _^a ^QYTcXe^ STbR^QaXa U^a\Pb ST PRP[\Pa ^b RXaRdXc^b
T\^RX^]PXb ST\PbXPS^ P\TSa^]cPS^b T UPRX[\T]cT SXb_PaueTXb
QPbcP]cTb ^ bdUXRXT]cT _PaP T]bTYPa ^ aTP_aT]SXiPS^ ' <dXcPb
eTiTb Xbb^ R^\T{P R^\ P PYdSP P^b _PRXT]cTb _PaP `dT
T]cT]SP\ `dT bTd ]Tae^bXb\^ T _TbPST[^b WX_TaeXVX[w]RXP T
_w]XR^bUPiT\_PacTS^bbX]c^\PbS^?CB30^T]cT]STaT\TbbT
\TRP]Xb\^^b_a_aX^bbX]c^\PbbTc^a]P\\T]^bPbbdbcPS^aTb
>dca^ _Pbb^ R^]bXbcT T\ PYdSPa ^b _PRXT]cTb P aTR^]`dXbcPa
P[Vd\ bT]b^ ST R^]ca^[T b^QaT ^ `dT [WTb PR^]cTRT d\
STbP_aT]SXiPS^ SXaTc^ SP [X{y^ ST X\_^c~]RXP caP]b\XcXSP _T[^
caPd\P`dTb^UaTaP\8aT]T_^aTgT\_[^\^QX[Xi^dPUP\[XPT
^b P\XV^b _PaP U^a\Pa d\ P]cT_Pa^ T]caT T[P T bTd
_TabTVdXS^aTR^]bTVdXdUPiTaR^\`dTP_^[RXPX]cTaeXTbbT
0 bT]bP{y^ ST X]bTVdaP]{P S^b _PRXT]cTb R^\ ?CB3 ePX
P[|\ S^ cT\^a ST TbcPaT\ RTaRPS^b _^a _TaXV^b ^Rd[c^b* P
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bT]cX\T]c^ ST STbR^]ca^[T b^QaT ^ _a_aX^ R^a_^ T Pb T\^{Tb
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257
bT`Tbca^ RaXPS^ _T[^ ?CB3 R^\ P WX_TabT]bXQX[XiP{y^ S^b
RXaRdXc^bSPP\VSP[P
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[1] Jogo surgido na dcada de 1990, em que duas crianas impelem uma
bola, presa por uma corda ou corrente a um poste, para que se enrole
totalmente no poste, no sentido contrrio uma da outra. (N. do T.)
[2] Do ingls, post traumatic stress disorder. (N. do T.)

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268
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TbcTYP ]P ^QbTaeP{y^ `dT bdaVXd SP _Tb`dXbP ST :PVP] R^\
RaXP]{Pbc\XSPb

269
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0 VaP]ST ]^eXSPST caPiXSP _T[^b TbcdS^b ST :PVP] | `dT ]T\

c^S^b ^b QTQ~b \TSa^b^b bTay^ aTcaPS^b `dP]S^ PSd[c^b
cT\_TaP\T]c^ ]y^ | STbcX]^ ?^STbT S^\Pa P P\VSP[P
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RaXP\ ST U^a\P VaPSdP[ bXcdP{Tb _PaP `dT ^b UX[W^b cT]WP\
Tg_TaX~]RXPb T]R^aPYPS^aPb Tbcy^ [WTb _a^_^aRX^]P]S^ d\P
Tb_|RXTSTR^aaTcXe^STbTd\TS^_PaPc^SPPeXSP
2TaRPSTd\T\ ca~bQTQ~b`dT]PbRT\ R^\c^S^b^b bX]PXb
ST P\VSP[P bd_TaTgRXcueT[ _TaST P cX\XSTi `dP]S^ RWTVP P^
YPaSX\STX]Uw]RXP& >QbTaeP{Tb `dT U^aP\ UTXcPb Yd]c^ P
RaXP]{Pb `dT T\ RPbP TaP\ \TSa^bPb R^]bcPcP\ `dT ^b _PXb
b^QaTcdS^ Pb \yTb STbT\_T]WP\ d\ _P_T[ X\_^acP]cT _PaP
STcTa\X]Pa bT d\P RaXP]{P R^\ ^ STR^aaTa S^b P]^b ePX bT
c^a]Pa \PXb ^dbPSP ^d R^]cX]dPau P UdVXa S^ `dT | ]^e^ T
_TacdaQPabT SXP]cT ST d\ STbPUX^ 0 T`dX_T ST _Tb`dXbP ST
:PVP] R^]bcPc^d `dT P[Vd\Pb SPb \yTb cX]WP\ R^\^ _aT\XbbP
_a^cTVTa^bQTQ~bc\XS^bST`dP[`dTaR^XbP_TacdaQPS^aP*^dcaPb
PRWPeP\ \PXb X\_^acP]cT PYdSu[^b P T]UaT]cPa bXcdP{Tb T
STbcP U^a\P PSP_cPaT\bT vb _T`dT]Pb QPcP[WPb SP eXSP 0
R^]SdcP _a^cTc^aP PeP[Xi^d ^ \TS^ T _a^ePeT[\T]cT _aXe^d Pb
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RTaRP ST bTXb \TbTb R^]bcPcPaP\ `dT Pb \yTb _a^cTc^aPb P^
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X]`dXTc^b^dRW^aPeP\TUPiXP\Xbb^_^a\PXbcT\_^S^`dTPb
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ST _TacdaQP{y^ 0 X]RXS~]RXP SPb eTiTb T\ `dT ^b QTQ~b TaP\
_^bc^b ]^ R^[^ `dP]S^ TbcPeP\ RP[\^b T `dP]S^ TbcPeP\
_TacdaQPS^b ST\^]bca^d `dT Pb \yTb _a^cTc^aPb UXRPeP\ R^\ ^
QTQ~ ]^ R^[^ \dXc^ \PXb cT\_^ SdaP]cT ^b _Ta^S^b ST
_TacdaQP{y^S^`dTT\_Ta^S^bRP[\^b
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QTQ~b Yu cX]WP\ \PXb ^d \T]^b d\ P]^) Pb \yTb _a^cTc^aPb
TaP\ \PXb c^[TaP]cTb ]y^ TaP\ Tg_[RXcPb ]P X\_^bX{y^ ST
[X\XcTb`dP]S^T[TbUPiXP\P[Vd\PR^XbP_TaXV^bPR^\^_a]P
Q^RP d\ ^QYTc^ `dT _^SXP\ T]V^[Xa 0b ^dcaPb \yTb P^
R^]cauaX^TaP\T]UucXRPbX\_d]WP\[X\XcTbR^\UXa\TiPSP]S^
270
^aST]b SXaTcPb X\_TSX]S^ `dT P RaXP]{P PVXbbT ST d\P
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P[V^ | P_aT]SXS^ `dP]S^ ^ QTQ~ T]VPcX]WP T\ SXaT{y^ P P[V^
`dT _PaP T[T | X]caXVP]cT \Pb `dT | _TaXV^b^ bTVd]S^ ^
Yd[VP\T]c^ SP \yT \Pb | STcXS^ R^\ d\P PSeTac~]RXP)
0UPbcTbT SXbb^ > QTQ~ | ST aT_T]cT ^QaXVPS^ P [XSPa R^\
d\P [TeT X]RTacTiP 0 aT_TcX{y^ STbbT STbPUX^ RT]cT]Pb T
RT]cT]PbSTeTiTb]^_aX\TXa^P]^STeXSP_a^_^aRX^]PP^QTQ~
R^]c]d^bT]bPX^bT\_T`dT]PbS^bTb_PaP^T]UaT]cP\T]c^]P
eXSP S^ X]Tb_TaPS^ =^ RPb^ ST RaXP]{Pb \TSa^bPb |
TgPcP\T]cT TbbT cX_^ ST R^]cPc^ `dT cT\ ST bTa S^\X]PS^ T
S^bTb R^]ca^[ueTXb QPbcP\ _PaP `dT T[Pb P_aT]SP\ @dP]S^ ^
UPc^ PR^]cTRT R^\ _PXb `dT T\Q^aP P\^a^b^b ]y^ R^aaT\ P
_TVPa T R^]b^[Pa ^ QTQ~ P RPSP _T`dT]P _TacdaQP{y^ T[T ePX
P_aT]ST]S^P^b_^dR^bT_^abXbP[XSPaR^\cPXb\^\T]c^b
0^b ! P]^b RaXP]{Pb \TSa^bPb `dT aTc^a]P\ P^ [PQ^aPcaX^ ST
:PVP] Tbcy^ \T]^b \TSa^bPb T R^\ \T]^a _a^QPQX[XSPST ST
a^\_Ta ]^ RW^a^ `dP]S^ d\ TbcaP]W^ UPi d\P RPaTcP ^d d\
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QaP{^2^]R[dby^ST:PVP])
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]P Tb_TaP]{P ST ^QcTaT\ d\ Q^\ aTbd[cPS^ ]P eTaSPST
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P cT]S~]RXP P^ \TS^ STbPQaXS^ _^ST cTa bXS^ U^acP[TRXSP
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ST \dSPa  _a^ePeT[\T]cT STeXS^ v bdP QPbT UXbX^[VXRP 
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T]R^aPYP]S^ \PXb v \TSXSP `dT P Tg_TaX~]RXP R^]cX]dP P
\^[SPa ^b _aX]RX_PXb RXaRdXc^b ]TdaPXb D\ S^b bX]PXb ST `dT P
RaXP]{P c\XSP cTau \PXb _a^QPQX[XSPST ST bd_TaPa TbbP X]XQX{y^

271
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[1] Nas crianas, ao contrrio dos adultos, a medicao no uma

alternativa clara para a terapia ou a educao preventiva no tratamento da
depresso; elas metabolizam os remdios de um modo diferente dos
adultos. Os antidepressivos tricclicos, muitas vezes eficientes em adultos,
em estudos com crianas no se mostraram melhores que um placebo
inativo. Novos medicamentos para a depresso, incluindo o Prozac, ainda
no foram testados para uso em crianas. E a desipramina, um dos mais
comuns (e seguros) tricclicos usados em adultos, no momento em que
escrevo objeto de uma investigao do Departamento de Alimentos e
Medicamentos (FDA em ingls) como possvel causa de morte em crianas.

310
 
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[1] Para maiores informaes sobre cursos de alfabetizao emocional: The

Collaborative for the Advancement of Social and Emotional Learning
CASEL), Yale Child Study Center, P.O. Box 207900, 230 South Frontage
Road, New Haven, CT 06520-7900.

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343
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344
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STRXUaP]S^TSTbT]aTSP]S^Pb

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346
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d\P RPaP aPXe^bP cTau bT]bP{Tb bX\X[PaTb P^ eTa d\P RPaP
aPXe^bP`dTTUTcXeP\T]cT]y^R^]bcXcdPP\TP{P
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by^ QeXPb <Pb bT ePVPb ^d bdcXb | _^bbeT[ `dT ]y^
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PR^]cTRT]S^ bT\ `dT ]^b ST\^b R^]cP SPb X]U[d~]RXPb SP
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