1

Appendix C
Nozzle Adiabatic Efficiency

06 7
Nozzle adiabatic efficiency is described by =
067

For a well designed nozzle 0.95<n <0.98

Since the flow is nearly adiabatic, we can take h06 = h07
1
and h07 = h7 + 72
2

Thus the exhaust velocity is: 7 = 2(06 7 )

 2

7 = 2(06 7 ) = 2 (06 7 )

7
7 = (1 ) =2 (1 ( 7 )1 )
1 06 1 06 06 06

72
Substituting 72 =
7
1 1

72 2 06 (1( 7 ) ) 2 06 (1( 7 ) )
1 06 06
= =
7 7 (1)7
1
72 2 06 7
= (1 ( ) )
7 (1) 7 06

2 7 1
2
7 (1 ( )
( 1) 06
=
7 7
06
1
2 7
72 (1( )
(1)
)
06
= 1 -----(1)
7
( 7)
06

7
06 7 (06 7 ) ) 06 (1
06
= = =
067 (06 7 )
06 (1 7 )
06
 3

7 1
1( )
06
=
7 1
1( )
06
1 1
7 7
( ) = 1 (1 ( ) ) --------(2)
06 06

Substituting eqn (2) in denominator of eqn (1) we get,

2 7 1
72 (1 ( ) )
( 1) 06
=
7 7 1
1 (1 ( ) )
06
1
2
72 p7 1
7 = = 2 (1 ( ) ) .
7 1 06 p06 7
1
2 06 p7
= 1 . (1 (p ) )
7 06

1 1
2 p7 2 p7
.(1( ) ) .(1( ) )
1 p06 1 p06
= 7 = 1
p7
06 ( )
p06

p7
( )
p06
Now = = ( ) = ( )=

( )

p7
( )
= . ( ( ) )
p06
 4

p7
( ) = . ( ( ) )
p06
1
7
2 (1( ) )
06
72 = 1 -------(3)
(1) 7
(1 (1( ) )
06

Assuming the flow upto the throat is isentropic and the

nozzle entrance conditions M6, A6, P06, T06 , the throat
area At is given by:
+1
1 2 2(1)
6 (1 + )
= 2
6 +1
1 2 2(1)
(1 + 6 )
2
If the throat is choked, = 1,
+1
1 2 2(1)
1 (1 + )
= 2
6 +1
1 2 2(1)
(1 + 6 )
2
The air mass flowing through the choked throat is given
by :
 5

+1
2 2(1)
= ( ) -------(4)
06 +1

If the exhaust pressure is to be made equal to the

ambient pressure by expanding the flow ideally, the
required exhaust area A7 is given by :
+1
1
2 2(1)
7 6 06 (1+ 2 7 )
= +1 --------(5)
6 7 07 1
(1+ 2 6 2 )2(1)

06
To obtain the value of the ratio ,
07

(1 7 ) (1 7 )
06 07
= =
(1 7 ) (1 7 )
06 06

1 1
7 7 7 7
But = ( ) and =( )
07 07 06 06
1
06 06 7
= (1 (1 ( ) )(1) ------(6)
07 7 06
06
Thus the value of is defined in terms of
07
7 .