UNIT 01

MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION
By Aneeta S Antony
Asst. Professor, Dept of E&C
NIE ,Mysuru
CONTENTS

Introduction

Multimedia Information Representation

Multimedia Networks

Multimedia Applications

Media Types

Communication Modes

Network Types

Network QoS

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SYLLABUS

Unit1: Multimedia communications:

Introduction, multimedia information
representation, multimedia networks,
multimedia applications, media types,
communication modes, network types, network
QoS. 7 Hrs

SLE: Multipoint conferencing

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COMMUNICATION NETWORK

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MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION
REPRESENTATION

Text

Image

Audio

Video

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MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS

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TELEPHONE NETWORKS

POTs- Plain Old Telephones

Switch Calls

Home or Small Business Local Exchange

Larger area Private Branch Exchange (PBX)

Cellular Phones MSCs

International Calls IGEs

Access Circuit:link telephone handset to a PSTN

or PBX

Importance of Modems

High Speed Applications > 1.5 Mbps

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DATA NETWORKS

A computer network or data network is a
digital telecommunications network which
allows nodes to share resources

Two widely used networks:

X.25

X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet

switched wide area network (WAN) communication-

oldest Packet Switched

Internet

Communication Protocols : Set of rules adhered

by all nodes
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INTERNET

Access through Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Via PSTN (modems) or ISDN

Enterprise wide private network

Different networks connected to internet

backbone via Gateway

Packet mode Header address of recipient

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BROADCAST TELEVISION NETWORK

Broadcast Medium:

Cable Distribution Network (smaller areas usually)

Satellite Network (larger areas usually)

Digital Television Service

Set top Box(STB)

Interactive Television

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INTEGRATED SERVICE DIGITAL NETWORK

Initially PSTN users with additional capabilities

Access Ckt DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

All digital form

2 different channels

Subscriber Telephone : Analog /Digital

Basic Rate Access 64kbps for each of the 2
channels

Synchronize 64kbps into single channel 128 kbps,
use aggregation function

Single High bit rate channel : Primary Rate
Access 1.5 or 2 Mbps 16
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BROADBAND MULTISERVICE NETWORK

Circuits associated with a call have bit rates in
excess of max bit rate of 2Mbps

Enhanced ISDN called B-ISDN

Different Media types digital form and

integrated binary stream divided into packets
called cells

Different media bit rate varies: ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATM networks or Cell Switching Networks

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MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS

Interpersonal Communication

Single type or integrated two or more type of media
involved:

Speech only

Image only

Text only

Text and images

Speech and video

Multimedia

Interactive
Application over the internet

Entertainment Application 21
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INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
(SPEECH ONLY)

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TELEPHONY OVER INTERNET

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SPEECH ONLY

Multimedia PC with microphone and speakers- CTI
(Computer Telephony Integration)

Advantages of using PC, instead of conventional
telephone for calls

User -private directory of numbers and initiate a call
simply by selecting the desired number on the PC
screen
Circuits bandwidth is more (providing access
circuits to the network has sufficient capacity)

Ex.: Voice-mail and Teleconferencing

Voice Mail server and Audio Bridge

Packet Voice : VoIP

Telephony gateway: Its a Interworking unit to
connect the PC connected to the Internet and a
telephone connected to the PSTN/ISDN - since both 25
operate in the circuit mode
IMAGE ONLY INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION

Fascimile or Fax

Pair of fax machines

Caller keys

Ckt in n/w like
telephone call

Operational
parameters

Scan doc and send

Connection cleared
after last doc sent

PC Fax

Stored in PC memory 26
TEXT ONLY

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TEXT ONLY

Ex: E-mail

User at home access - PSTN/ISDN, and through
an intermediate ISP network

Business users access - enterprise network/site
or campus network

Email servers:

One or more associated with each
network Collectively contain a mailbox for
each user connected to that network User can
both create and deposit mail his/her mailbox
read mail from it.

Standard Internet communication protocol: used
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by e-mail servers and internetwork gateway
TEXT AND IMAGE

CSCV (Computer-Supported
Cooperative Working)

Shared whiteboard:

Window on each persons
display is used as the shared

Change-notification part:
Sends details of the changes in
the whiteboard program
whenever, a member of
thegroup updates the contents
of whiteboard

Update-control part:
Present in each of the other
PCs/workstations: obtain above
change information in
turn,proceed to update the
contents of their copy of the
whiteboard
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SPEECH AND VIDEO

Ex Video Telephony

Uses integrated speech and video

Home use & Office use

Network must provide two-way communication
channel between 2 parties of sufficient BW

Integration of video and speech

Desktop videoconferencing call:

Used widely in large corporations -enterprise-wide
network

MCU (Multipoint control unit): Central unit - to
support the videoconferencingvideoconferencing
server

Multicasting 30
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MULTIMEDIA

Assumption : email :text only

images, audio, and video

Voice mail

User enters the voice message

Local voice-mail server relays this to the server associated
with the intended recipients network Stored voice message


played out the next time the recipient accesses voice-
mailbox

Video Mail

Same mode of operation mail message - integrated speech-
and-video sequence

Multimedia

Textual information is annotated with speech/video 33
INTERACTIVE APPLICATION OVER THE
INTERNET

WWW (World Wide Web) or simply Web server
comprises the linked set of multimedia information
servers that are geographically distributed around
the Internet

Linked set of Multimedia information- geographically

Distributed

Each document :linked set of pages linkages between :
Hyperlinks: pointers references

Optional linkage points : anchors

URL : location of server where first page(home page)
is stored and also file reference on the server

HTML std used for writing documents

Applications :Browse, homeshopping/banking 34
:transactions security imp
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ENTERTAINMENT APPLICATIONS

Movies /Video on Demand

Interactive Television

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MEDIA TYPES

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MEDIA TYPES

Continuous media: time dependent
streaming: Real time media

Bit rate :

CBR

Ex: Digitized audio: frequency of sampling and
number of bits

VBR

Ex: Compressed Video :after compression

information in each frame varies

Block mode media: time independent

Ex: Block of text email.

Storage at source end: destination downloading

Round trip delay:Time of request till output is 40
displayed on destination.
COMMUNICATION MODES

Simplex

One direction only

Half duplex

2 way alternate

Ex:req info frm server and

Server providing it

Duplex:

2 way simultaneous

Ex:Video telephony

Broadcast: Single node to many nodes Ex:broadcast tv

Multicast: Information output received by subset of nodes 41

Symmetric and Assymetric Data flow Ex:video telephony
and server request followed by data transmission respectively
NETWORK TYPES

2 types of communication channels:

Circuit Mode: Time dependent Operation

SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATIONS CHANNEL
As constant bit rate service

Packet Mode : Time Varying Operation

ASYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATIONS CHANNEL
As variable bit rate service

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NETWORK TYPES
Circuit Mode Packet Mode

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NETWORK TYPES
Circuit Mode

Interconnected Switching
Offices/Exchanges

Circuit Switched Network

Source must set up
connection before sending
information

Each device : number/address

Seize check connect clear

Setting up or clearing :
Signaling messages

Call or connection set up
delay

eg:PSTN delay few seconds&

ISDN:delay in milliseconds
Packet Mode

2 types Connection Oriented
(CO)& Connectionless(CL)

Interconnected Packet
Switching Exchanges

Packet Switched Network

Each device : network wide
number/address

Connection/circuit : Virtual
Circuit

Call request control packet to
be sent along with address: VCI
Virtual Circuit Identifier

Routing table

Call request Call clear via
PSE Connection oriented 44

Connection less Router
IMPORTANT TERMS FOR PACKET MODE

Best Effort Service: check error & discard
erroneous packet

Store and Forward

Mean Packet transfer delay:Sum of store and

forward delay

Delay variation/Jitter

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NETWORK QOS

Circuit Switched Network
Bit rate
Mean Error Rate

Transmission Delay

Mean BER (Mean Bit Error Rate) of a

channel:Probability of a bit being corrupted
during its transmission acrossthe channel in a
defined time interval
Reliable service:Block Size and increased delay
Transmission delay
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Packet-switchednetwork

QoS parameters :

Maximum packet size

Mean packet transfer rate

Mean packet error rate

Mean packet transfer delay

Worst-case jitter

Transmission delay

Mean packet transfer rate

Mean PER (Mean Packet Error Rate)
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Mean packet transfer delay
APPLICATION QOS

Application involving images: Ex.:parameters
may include - minimum image resolution and
size

Application involving video: Ex.parameters
may include digitization format and refresh
rate

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Application QoS parameters: relate to the network
include:

Required bit rate or mean packet transfer rate

Maximum startup delay

Maximum end-to-end delay

Maximum delay variation/jitter

Maximum round-trip delay

Applications involving transfer of constant bit rate
stream:

Required bit rate/mean packet transfer rate

End-to-end delay

Delay variation/jitter (can cause problem in the
destination decoder if the rate of arrival of the bit stream 49
isvariable)