4.

11 Statistical learning methods

- 4.12 Learning with complete data

Full data a complete street address is provided to the taxi driving
agent and it can learn to look up the GPS or mel way map to find the shortest route
to the destination.
- 4.13 Learning with in complete data
Instead of full data, only partial information is given the previous example of
lady after a long holiday in New York, US, returning to Melbourne, Australia and
telling her door number starts with a 2 and the post code for her suburb is 2020 -
an incomplete street address is provided to the taxi driving agent and it has to
figure out that it may be the sunshine suburb before it can learn to look up the
GPS or mel way map to find the shortest route to the destination.

- 4.14 Learning with hidden variable

- 4.15 EM algorithm
- 4.16 Instance based learning
- -4.17 Neural Networks

Neuron is the basic brain cell. It has SOMA in the middle, Dendrite trees, and
Synapses at both the ends. Axon is a path that connects soma to the synapses.
Dendrites have large surface areas. Soma is either pyramidal or cylindrical shape.
The boundary or skin is called membrane that separates the intra and extra cellular
fluids.

Key terms:
Action potential, threshold, axon, axon hillock, axonic endings, synapses,
presynaptic endings, the cleft , postsynaptic terminal, nuerotransmitters ,
vesicles, deplorization, postsynaptical potential, inhibitory, excitatory, spatial,
spatiotemperal,

Key terms explained:

Action potential:
When the threshold level is reached by excitation, the neuron fires,
transmits an electric signal called action potential along a path called the axon.
A trigger (Synapse) is generated that sends signal along the axon path. The path
ends either at Synapse or dendrites.

Threshold:
Threshold is the minimum level that needs to be reached before a neuron can
fire an electric signal called synapse.
Axon:

axon hillock:

axonic endings:

synapses:

presynaptic endings:

the cleft:

postsynaptic terminal:

neurotransmitters:

vesicles:
deplorization:

postsynaptical potential:

inhibitory:

excitatory:

spatial:

spatiotemperal:

Neural networks involve the study of human brain and possible simulation into a
computer robot or an Android agent.

Major topics include Brain style calculation/computing, the science of neurons,

Architecture of Artificial neurons, statistical pattern recognition, softcomputing
with Fuzzy logic, evolution

First started at year 1700 BC, BRAIN found in PAPYRUS script.

In 1993, centrl sulcus

Study of Human Brain:

Parts of the brain: (exposure view):

Frontal Lobe, Central Sulcus, parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Cerebellum,
Tempverbal Lobe, Sylvian Fissure

Cross sectional view:

Corpus Callosum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, MidBrain, Pons, Medulla, Cerebellum.

- 4.18 Reinforcement learning

- 4.19 Passive reinforcement learning
- 4.20 Active reinforcement learning
- 4.21 Generalization in reinforcement learning.