325, Closed Cycle Gas Turbines A closed cycle gas turbine, in its simplest form, consists of a compressor, heating chamber, gas turbine which drives the generator and compressor, and a cooling chamber. ‘The schematic arrangement of a closed cycle {gas turbine is shown in Fig. 32.1. In this turbine, the air isicompressed isentropically (generally in rotary compressor) and then passed into the heating cham. ber. The compressed air is heated with the help of some external source, and made to flow over the turbine blades (generally reaction type). The gas, while flowing over the blades, gets expanded. From the turbine, the gas is passed to the cooling chamber where it is cooled at constant pressure with the help of circulating water to its original temperature, Now the air is made to flow into the compressor again. It Healing chamber i N 2 [Compressor Turbine! 4 Cooling chamber Fig. 32.1. Schematic arrangement closed cycle gas turbine. iS.No, Gas turbines 10. ML ‘The mast of gas turbine per KW developed is ‘The installation and running cost is less. Its efficiency is higher. ‘The balancing of a gas turbine is perfect. The torque produced is uniform. Thus no| flywhee! is required, ‘The lubrication and ignition systems are simple. It can be driven at a very high speed. ‘The pressures used are very low (about 5 bat). ‘The exhaust of a gas turbine is free from smoke] and less polluting. ‘They are very suitable for ai crafts. LC. engines 3 “The mass of an LC. engine per kW deveopediy more. ‘The installation and running cost is more. Its efficiency is less. “The balancing of an 1.C. engine is not perfect ‘The torque produced is not uniform. Thus flywheel is necessary. ‘The lubrication and ignition systems are difficult. It can not be driven at a very high speed. ‘The pressures used are high (above 60 bar). ‘The exhaust of an L.C. engine is more polluting ‘They are less suitable for air crafts, ‘The starting of a gas turbine is not simple. The starting of an LC. engine is simple.S.No. 1 ae =x Comparison of Closed Cycle and Open Cycle Gas Turbines - Following are the points of comparison between closed and open cycle gas turbines. Closed cycle gas turbine ‘The compressed air is heated in a heating ‘chamber. Since the gas is heated by an extemal ‘source, so the amount of gas remains the same. ‘The gas from the turbine is passed into the cooling| chamber. ‘The working fluid is circulated continuously Any fluid with better thermodynamic properties| can be used. ‘The turbine blades do not wear away earlier, as the enclosed gas does not get contaminated while flowing through the heating chamber. Since the air, from the turbine, is cooled by| circulating water, it is best suited for stationary installation or marine uses. Its maintenance cost is high. ‘The mass of installation per kW is more. ‘Open cycle gas turbine The compressed dir is heated in a combustion ‘chamber. The products of combustion get mixed up in the heated air. ‘The gas from the turbine is exhausted into the atmosphere, ‘The working fluid is replaced continuously Only air can be used as the working fluid, The turbine blades wear away earlier, asthe air from the atmosphere gets contaminated while flowing through the combustion chamber. ‘Since the ar, from the turbine, is discharged into the atmosphere, it 1s best suited for moving vehicle. Its maintenance cost is low. ‘The mass of installation per kW is less.