BHARATH INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTIONS BANK
III Sem Mechanical Engineering ( Part Time )
Thermal Engineering

UNIT 1
PART A

1. Define Air Standard Cycles.

The cycle which uses air as working fluid.
2. Give Two Assumptions used in Air Standard Cycles.
a. The gas is a perfect gas
b. All compression and expansion are adiabatic.
3. Define Clearance Volume.
The volume occupied by the working fluid, when the piston reaches TDC.
4. Give the formula for Air standard efficiency.

5. Name the four Process of diesel cycle.

a. Isentropic Compression
b. Constant Pressure heat supply
c. Isentropic Expansion
d. Constant Volume heat rejection
6. Name the five Process of dual cycle.
a. Isentropic Compression
b. Constant volume heat supply
c. Constant Pressure heat supply
d. Isentropic Expansion
e. Constant Volume heat rejection
7. Define compression ratio.
The ratio of total cylinder volume to clearance v olume.
8. An otto cycle has an air standard efficiency of 56% what will be the compression ratio.
r = 7.786
9. In an otto cycle, the temperatures at the beginning and end of the isentropic
compression are 316K and 596K respectively. Determine the air standard Efficiency
and the compression ratio if
Efficiency, = 47 %
10. In an diesel engine, the compression ratio is 13:1 and the fuel cut off at 8% of stroke.
Find the cut-off ratio.
Efficiency, = 58.3 %
 UNIT 2

PART A

1) Define air compressor.

It is a machine, which compress air and to raise its pressure.
2) What is meant by multi stage compressor ?
When more than one compressor is used.
3) What is pressure ratio in compressors ?
It is the ratio of outlet pressure to inlet pressure of a compressor.
4) Define volumetric efficiency of the compressor.
A compressors volumetric efficiency is defined by the ratio of actual volume of
air entering the compressor to the stroke volume.

5) What are the effect of clearance volume ?

Clearance volume of a compressor actually should be minimum enough to avoid
piston from striking the head(thermal expansion and valve clearance should be
given)..it should be minimum because greater the clearance more compressed gas that
left in the cylinder after each compression stroke, so that leads to energy loss and lower
efficiency..(volumetric efficiency goes down)..
6) What is meant by intercooler ?
It is a machine which cools the air by keeping pressure as constant.
7) What is perfect intercooling ?
If the temperature of the air leaving the intercooler is equal to the original
atmospheric air temperature, then the intercooler is called perfect intercooler.
8) What are the merits of multistage compressor ?
a. Workdone per kg of air is reduced
b. It reduces cost of compression
c. Improves volumetric efficiency for given pressure ratio.
9) Define isothermal efficiency of air compressor.

10) Name some rotary Compressor.

a. Root blower compressor
b. Vane compressor
c. Centrifugal compressor
 UNIT 3

PART A

1. What is the fuel injector?

Fuel injectors are electromechanical valves, usually one per cylinder, situated so
that they deliver fuel either directly into the engines combustion chamber (direct
injection) or into the intake plenum port (indirect port injection). In either case, on
command from the engines onboard computer, each injector opens and delivers a fine
and precisely metered spray of fuel.
2. What is meant by SI engine ? Why it is called so ?
S.I engine means spark ignition engines. It is called so, because in petrol engine
fuel is ignited by a spark from spark plug.
3. What is meant by CI Engine ? Why it is called so ?
C.I engine means compression ignition engines. It is called so, because in diesel
engine fuel is ignited by a highly compressed air.
4. What is a four stroke engine ?
Those engines, which produces power for every two revolution of crank shaft
are called as four stroke engines.
5. Name the four strokes of an IC engine?
a. Suction
b. Compression
c. Power
d. Exhaust
6. Define scavenging in I.C engines.
In automotive usage, scavenging is the process of pushing exhausted gas-charge
out of the cylinder and drawing in a fresh draught of air or fuel/air mixture for the next
cycle
7. Define knocking in I.C engines.
Knocking in spark-ignition internal combustion engines occurs when
combustion of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder starts off correctly in response to
ignition by the spark plug, but one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside
the envelope of the normal combustion front.
8. Give the advantages of Lubrication system in I.C engines.
a. It reduces wear and tear.
b. It cleans the moving parts.
c. It dissipates the heat.
9. Define Carburettor.
It is a device for atomization and vaporization of fuel.
10. Give the use Spark plug.
It produces the spark for ignition of fuel in S.I engines.
 UNIT - 4

PART A

1. Define moist air.

Air with water vapour in it.
2. Define saturation capacity of air.
The max quantity of water vapour present in air.
3. Define DBT.
The temperature measured by an ordinary thermometer.
4. Define WBT.
The temperature of air measured by an ordinary thermometer, when its bulb is
covered with a wet cloth and is exposed to rapidly moving air.
5. Define DPT.
It is the temperature at which the water vapour present in air begins to condense,
when air is cooled.
6. Define WBD.
WBD = DBT - WBT
7. Define DPD.
DPD = DBT - DPT
8. Define Specific humidity.
It is defined as the mass of water vapour present in one kg of dry air.
9. Define saturation ratio.
It is the ratio of specific humidity of moist air to that of saturated air at same
temperature.
10. Define Relative humidity.
It is the ratio of mass of water vapour to the saturated mass of water vapour, in
the same volume.
 UNIT 5

PART A

1. Define a turbine.
It is a prime mover, which convert kinetic energy into mechanical energy.
2. What are the types of turbine?
a. Water turbine
b. Steam turbine
c. Gas Turbine
3. Name the four processes in closed cycle gas turbine.
a. Isentropic compression
b. Constant pressure heat supply
c. Isentropic Expansion
d. Constant pressure heat rejection
4. Draw PV & TS diagram of closed cycle gas turbine.
Refer Notes
5. Differentiate gas turbine & I.C Engine.
S.No Gas Turbine I.C Engine
1 High efficiency Low efficiency
2 Lubrication and ignition are simple Lubrication and ignition are difficult

6. In a two stage gas turbine plant, the pressure of air entering the L.P compressor is 1 bar
and the pressure of air leaving the H.P compressor is 9 bar. Assuming perfect
intercooling, calculate the pressure of air leaving the L.P compressor.

7. Draw the layout of open cycle gas turbine and name the components.
Refer Notes
8. Draw the layout of closed cycle gas turbine and name the components.
Refer Notes
9. How can we increase the efficiency of the gas turbine?
a. By adding the perfect intercooler
b. By adding the reheater
10. What is the function of intercooler in gas turbines? Where it is placed?
It cools the gas back to original temperature. It is kept between two
compressors.