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2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1779
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
3. WORK RELATED TO VERIFICATION STRATGIES This modules handles the various aspect of database
management like creation, modification, deletion and
This section categorizes some research in offline signature training for signature instance. Data acquisition of static
verification according to the technique used to perform features is carried out using high resolution scanners. Figure
verification, that is, Distance Classifiers, Artificial Neural 3.1 shows modular structure of an integrated signature
Networks, Hidden Markov Models, Dynamic Time Warping, verification system.
Support Vector Machines, Structural Techniques and
Bayesian Networks.
ready for feature extraction. The pre-processing stage simple interface where users can easily link it with their own
improves quality of the image and makes it suitable for programs.
feature extraction.
4.2 EXPERIMENTATION ON CEDAR DATASET
3.3 FEATURE EXTRACTION
The experimental setups are performed four times on entire
Feature extraction stage is one of the crucial stages of an off- data set. In the first experimental set up, say ES1, The
line signature verification system. Features cans be classified experiment process is carried out on each CEDAR signature
as global or local, where global features represents set by randomly choosing 4 genuine and 4 forgery signature
signatures properties a whole and local ones correspond to for training, while the remaining 20 genuine and 20 forgery
properties specific to a sampling point. Two types of features signatures will be used for testing from each writers
are used in the proposed work: signature. After the SVM is trained with signature length and
1.Signature length statistical distance. The SVM is trained with labels 1 and 2,
2.Statistical Distance respectively denoting forgery and genuine signature. The
trained network is tested against with remaining 20 genuine
3.4 TRAINING samples along with 20 forgery samples of the respective
class. After intra class testing signatures some class of the
Recent research in the field of machine learning focuses on signatures giving 60, 62.5, 65, 72.5, 75, 77.5, 80, 82.5, 90,
the design of efficient classifier. The main characteristics of 92.5, and 97.5
any classifier to correctly classify unseen data which were
not present in the train set. Support vector machine (SVM) is 5. CONCLUSIONS
used as the classifier for this research. The goal of SVM is to
produce a model based on training set which predicts the we proposed a novel approach for offline signature
target class of test data verification, in this we presented an automatic offline
signature verification based on statistical distance and
3.4.1 Support Vector Machines signature length. Statistical distance (mean and standard
deviation) and signature length feature are used in different
In general there are two approaches to develop classifiers: a combination to construct feature vector. If statistical
parametric approach where a priori knowledge of data distance and signature length is used separately the
distributions is assumed, and a non-parametric approach performance of proposed system reduces significantly
where no a priori knowledge is assumed. Support Vector individually, statistical distance feature give better result
Machine (SVM) is a non-parametric binary linear classifier than signature length this is a multi-algorithm system, and
and supervised learning model used for classification and such system combines the advantage of individual feature
regression analysis sets and improve the accuracy rate. The algorithm can
distinguish both random and skilled forgery with less error.
3.4.2 SIGNATURE VERIFICATION SVM is a powerful classifier which outflanks numerous other
existing classifier. The purpose of the SVM is to correctly
In signature verification stage a signature to be tested is classify test data using model trained from the reference
preprocessed and feature are extracted from the image as data. The SVM is trained with the genuine and forged
explained in the preprocessing and feature extraction reference signatures.
section. Then it is fed into the trained support vector
machine (SVM) which will classify it as genuine or forged REFERENCES
signature
[1] Kai Huang, Hong Yan, Off-Line Signature Verification
4. Experimental setup and results Based On Geometric Feature Extraction and Neural Network
Classification, Proceedings of International Conference on
4.1 LIBSVM Pattern Recognition (ICPR), Vol.30, Elsevier, pp. 9-17, 1997.
LIBSVM is an open source machine learning library [2]M. C. Fairhurst, Signature verification revisited:
developed at National Taiwan University. LIBSVM promoting practical exploitation of biometric technology, in
implements the SMO algorithm for kernelized support vector Electronics & Communication Engineering journal,273-280
machines (SVMs), supporting classification and regression ,1997.
[42]. It is an integrated software for support
vectorclassification, (C-SVC,nu-SVC),regression(epsilon- [3]Peter Shao, Hua Deng, Wavelet-based off-line
SVR, nu-SVR)anddistribution estimation (one-class SVM). handwritten signature verification, Proceedings of
It supports multi-class classification. LIBSVM provides a Computer Vision and Image Understanding (CVIU), Vol.76,
Issue 3,173-190, 1999.
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1781
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1782