ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Voice is that form of a verb which shows whether the subject does something or has something done to it. There
are two voices in the English language:
Active voice: A verb is in the active voice when its subject does something.
Passive voice: A verb is in the passive voice when something is done to its subject.
Following changes take place when a sentence is changed from the active into passive voice.

1. The subject becomes the object and the object becomes the subject,
2. The principal verb is changed into the past participle and is preceded by some helping verb
3. The preposition by is placed before the object.

Active structure: Subject + verb + object.

She likes apples.

Passive structure: Object + helping verb + 3rd form + by + subject (objective form)
Apples are liked by her.
Present indefinite
1st formIs are am + 3rd form
Active Passive
Khurshid helps Naushaba Naushaba is helped by Khurshid.
The boy makes the picture The picture is made by the boy.
We use milk for making cheese. Milk is used by us for making cheese.
The mother loves the children. The children are loved by the mother
She likes apples. Apples are liked by her.
Past indefinite
2nd form....was, were + 3rd form
Active Passive
She bought five video films. Five video films were bought by her.
She gave me five films. I was given five films by her.
Why did she write such a letter? Why was such a letter written by her?
They caught the thief. The thief was caught by them.
The doctor asked her to stay in bed. She was asked by the doctor to stay in bed.
A car ran over an old man. An old man was run over by a car.
He praised the boy for his courage. The boy was praised by him for his courage.
We did not hear a sound. A sound was not heard by us.
He took away my books. My books were not taken by us.
The sudden noise frightened the child. The child was frightened by the sudden noise.
The driver opened the door of the car The door of the car was opened by the driver.
Perfect tenses
(has, have)(will/shall have)(had) + 3rd form.. (has, have)(will/shall have)(had) been + 3rd form
Active Passive
She has not beaten the dog. The dog has not been beaten by her
They had gained nothing. Nothing had been gained by them
We shall have killed the snake. The snake will have been killed by us.
The Board has given me a gold medal. I have been given a gold medal by the borad.
They have not done their job. Their job has not been done by them.
He had told me to do it. I had been told by him to do it.
They had not done their home task. Their home task had not been done by them.
We shall have finished our work by March next. Our work will have been finished by us by March
next.
They have bought a horse. A horse has been bought by them.
Continuous tenses
(is,are,am)(was,were) + ing form..(is,are,am)(was,were) being + 3rd form
Active Passive
They are buying this house. This house is being bought by them.
She was teaching the students. The students were being taught by her.
The boy is climbing the wall. The wall is being climbed by the boy.
The teacher was helping the students. The students were being helped by the teacher.
Why were they beating the boy? Why was the boy being beaten by them?
Why is he mending the chair? Why is the chair being mended by him?

Modal Verbs
(Will, shall, can, may, might, would, should + 1 form).modal verb + be + 3rd form
st

Active Passive
He will write a letter. A letter will be written by him
He will give you a box of chocolates. You will be given a box of chocolates by him.