Name: John Ray M.

Ando_________________________ Date Performed:

Group No.: _________________ Crs/Yr: BSCE-4 Date Submitted:

EXPERIMENT NO. 03

Specific Gravity Determination using U-tube Manometer

OBJECTIVE: To determine the specific gravity of an unknown liquid using a U-tube

Manometer.

APPARATUS: (a) 4 Graduated Cylinders or Beaker

(b) 1 Funnel (c) 1 Rubber Tubing (d) 1 meter stick or ruler

THEORY:

1. The intensity pressure at any point under a liquid is proportional to the depth from the
surface to the point in consideration.

P= wh

2. The pressure heat at any point is the sum of the heads of the liquid(s) expressed in their
equivalent head to a single liquid. In summing up the heads, head is taken positive when
going down and negative when going up.

h=P/w

PROCEDURE:

1. The oil, sugar (liquid), brine solution and water were poured inside the U-tube
manometer.
2. One of the liquids excluding water was poured in one side of the U-tube manometer.
3. The amount of water on the other side was also poured so that the free surface of both
sides is about 5 cm from either end of the U-tube.
4. The difference in liquid level of each liquid was measured.

Mech 03A / Fluid Mechanics 1

Laboratory Manual
FIGURE:

RESULTS:
The average specific gravity of the liquid (oil) is 0.77.

PRECAUTIONS
1. A funnel was used in pouring the liquids.
2. The trapped air inside the tube was removed by tapping.
3. Do not throw away the liquid especially the mercury. Let the laboratory assistant do the
cleaning. In removing the impurities from the mercury, dip some tissue paper in the
mixture. This will allow the liquid other than the mercury to cling to the paper.

ANALYSIS OF DATA:

The oil always floats to the top because it is less dense than water.We figured that the hydrostatic
pressure does not vary horizontally across the connected water, the pressure in the U-tube
at the height of the line on the board is the same on both sides.

Pline=oil(g)Hoil

The pressure at the line can also be calculated starting at the free surface of the water,

Pline=water(g)Hwater

Equating these two pressures gives Pline=water(g)Hwater=oil(g)Hoil which can also be re-
written as:

S.G.oil=oil/water=Hwater/Hoil

Mech 03A / Fluid Mechanics 2

Laboratory Manual
Mech 03A / Fluid Mechanics 3
Laboratory Manual