Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
3, 2008 209
Abstract
Fresh and aged seeds of the trees Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium and Bauhinia purpurea from the Experi-
mental Station of Pastures and Forages Indio Hatuey, Matanzas, Cuba, were used. A simple classification
experiment and five replications were designed for the germinative response to different temperatures of the
substratum (constant 25C and three alternate ones: 25/30C, 25/35C and 25/40C). Before seeding the seeds
of A. lebbeck were scarified (water at 80C/2). For the imbibition pattern the seeds were put on filter paper
moist with purified water according to the optimum germination temperature, under white fluorescent light
and at different imbibition times. In the fresh seeds of all the species the highest percentages of final germination
were obtained at alternate temperature of 25/35C and in the aged ones at 25/30C. With regards to the imbibition
pattern they all followed a three-phase pattern of water absorption. The fresh and aged seeds of G. sepium
showed a very similar imbibition pattern, however the fresh seeds of the other species presented higher
210 Pastos y Forrajes, Vol. 31, No. 3, 2008
hydration rate than the aged ones and consequently they reached faster the start of phase III of the imbibition
pattern (i.e. visible germination). The range of optimum temperature for the germination of aged seeds was
concluded to be 25/30 C and for the fresh ones it was 25/35 C and both showed a three-phase pattern of water
absorption when the seeding was carried out at optimum germination temperature.
Key Words: Albizia lebbeck, Bauhinia purpurea, germination, Gliricidia sepium
Introduccin Introduction
La Estacin Experimental de Pastos y Forra- The Experimental Station of Pastures and
jes Indio Hatuey, centro nacional de introduc- Forages Indio Hatuey, national center of
cin para la rama de los pastos, forrajes y plan- introduction of pastures, forages and trees, has
tas arbreas, tiene entre sus tareas la de conser- among its tasks the preservation of the germplasm
var el germoplasma introducido en el pas y el introduced in the country and the one obtained as
obtenido como producto de las colectas y la a product of collections and breeding, for which
mejora gentica, para cuyo mantenimiento es maintenance the need to introduce mechanisms that
incuestionable la necesidad de introducir meca- stimulate plant germination and vigor during
nismos que estimulen la germinacin y el vigor emergence is unquestionable; through these
de las plantas durante la emergencia; a travs de mechanisms acceptable values for the posterior
estos se espera lograr valores aceptables para la regeneration are expected to be achieved, because
posterior regeneracin, ya que el deterioro de seed deterioration is due, among other causes, to
las semillas se debe, entre otras causas, a agen- mutagenic agents and the denaturation of nucleic
tes mutgenos y a la desnaturalizacin de los acids and proteins (Mc Donald, 2000). Among the
cidos nucleicos y las protenas (Mc Donald, most used treatments are the hydration-dehydration
2000). Entre los tratamientos ms utilizados se pre-germinative ones (Snchez, Orta and Muoz,
encuentran los pregerminativos de hidratacin- 2001), which seem to activate DNA and protein
deshidratacin (Snchez, Orta y Muoz, 2001), repair mechanisms (Bailly, Benamar, Corbineau
que parecen activar los mecanismos de repara- and Cme, 2000), as well as a decrease of the
cin de ADN y protenas (Bailly, Benamar, chromosomal aberrations (Rao, Roberts and Ellis,
Corbineau y Cme, 2000) as como una dismi- 1987), which would lead to the recovery of the
nucin de las aberraciones cromosmicas (Rao, original botanical characteristics in the resulting
Roberts y Ellis, 1987), lo que conllevara a la plants.
recuperacin de las caractersticas botnicas ori- In Cuba, remarkable increases have been
ginales en las plantas resultantes. obtained with the use of these treatments, in
En Cuba se han obtenido incrementos nota- germination and establishment under water deficit
bles, con el empleo de estos tratamientos, en la conditions, with regards to the control, in seeds
germinacin y en el establecimiento en condi- from cultivated plants (Snchez and Muoz, 2004;
ciones de dficit hdrico, con respecto al testigo, Orta, Snchez, Muoz, Calvo, Hernndez and
tanto en semillas de plantas cultivadas (Snchez Prede, 2004) and in pioneer forestry seeds
y Muoz, 2004; Orta, Snchez, Muoz, Calvo, (Snchez, Muoz and Montejo, 2004). A positive
Hernndez y Prede, 2004) como en forestales effect was also achieved when the hydric
pioneras (Snchez, Muoz y Montejo, 2004). treatments were combined with the thermal
Tambin se logr un efecto positivo cuando se shock ones in non germinated seeds (Snchez,
combinaron los tratamientos hdricos con los de 2003); in accessions of aged herbaceous legumes
choque trmico en semillas sin germinar and in the tree Leucaena leucocephala cv.
(Snchez, 2003), en accesiones de leguminosas Cunningham.
herbceas envejecidas y en la arbrea Leucaena Due to all the above-explained facts, the
leucocephala cv. Cunningham. objective of this work was to standardize the
Pastos y Forrajes, Vol. 31, No. 3, 2008 211
Por todo lo antes expuesto, el objetivo de este technology of hydration-dehydration in
trabajo fue estandarizar la tecnologa de accessions of aged and fresh legume trees
hidratacin-deshidratacin en accesiones de le- (Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium and Bauhinia
guminosas arbreas envejecidas y frescas purpurea), from the determination of the
(Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium y Bauhinia optimum temperature of the substratum for
purpurea), a partir de la determinacin de la tem- germination and the imbibition patterns for each
peratura ptima del sustrato para la germinacin seed lot studied.
y los patrones de imbibicin para cada lote de
Materials and Methods
semilla estudiado.
Plant material. Fresh and aged seeds from A.
Materiales y Mtodos
lebbeck, G. sepium and B. purpurea were used.
Material vegetal. Se utilizaron semillas fres- Their provenance was the Experimental Station
cas y envejecidas de A. lebbeck, G. sepium y B. of Pastures and Forages Indio Hatuey, Matan-
purpurea. Estas procedan de la Estacin Expe- zas, Cuba. The collection of the fresh seeds was
rimental de Pastos y Forrajes Indio Hatuey, carried out in 2005 and the collection of aged
Matanzas, Cuba. La recoleccin de las semillas seeds in 2004. All the seeds were stored at
frescas se realiz en el 2005 y la de las envejeci- ambient temperature until their use.
das en el 2004. Todas las semillas se almacena- Determination of the optimum germination
ron a temperatura ambiente hasta su uso. temperature. A unifactorial simple classification
Determinacin de la temperatura ptima de experiment was designed with five replications
germinacin. Se dise un experimento de cla- to obtain the germinative response of the seeds
sificacin simple unifactorial y cinco rplicas to different temperatures of the substratum.
para conocer la respuesta germinativa de las se- Before seeding the seeds of A. lebbeck were
millas a diferentes temperaturas del sustrato. subject to immersion in water at 80C for 2,
Antes de la siembra las semillas de A. lebbeck according to the recommendations made by
se sometieron a la inmersin en agua a 80C Gonzlez and Navarro (2001), for eliminating
durante 2', de acuerdo con lo recomendado por the exogenous dormancy (due to impermeability
Gonzlez y Navarro (2001), para la eliminacin of the coats to water) shown by fresh and aged
de la dormancia exgena (por impermeabilidad seeds of this species. A constant temperature of
de las cubiertas al agua) que presentan las semi- 25C and three levels of alternate temperature,
llas frescas y envejecidas de esta especie. Se uti- 25/30C, 25/35C and 25/40C, were used, with
liz una temperatura constante de 25C y tres a fluctuation of eight hours for the highest
niveles de temperatura alterna: 25/30C, 25/35C temperature and 12 hours for 25C and a four-
y 25/40C, con una fluctuacin de ocho horas hour transition period. The germination tests
para la temperatura ms elevada y 12 horas para were made in Petri dishes (diameter 9 cm) which
25C, y una transicin de cuatro horas. Las prue- were placed in a growth chamber (Gallenkamp,
bas de germinacin se realizaron en placas de London), equipped with 40-W- fluorescent lights
Petri (9 cm de dimetro) que se colocaron en located 20 cm away from the level of the dishes,
cmara de crecimiento (Gallenkamp, Londres) with a photoperiod of eight hours-light that
equipada con lmparas fluorescentes de 40 W coincided with the thermoperiod of highest
situadas a 20 cm del nivel de las placas, con un temperature. The final germination percentage,
fotoperodo de 8 horas-luz que coincidi con el germination rate (T20) and dead seed percentage
termoperodo de mayor temperatura. Se deter- were determined, the last variable according to
min el porcentaje de germinacin final, la ve- the rules of ISTA (1999).
locidad de germinacin (T20) y el porcentaje de Determination of the imbibition pattern of the
semillas muertas, esta ltima variable segn las seeds in water. The seeds were placed in Petri
normas del ISTA (1999). dishes (diameter 9 cm), on filter paper moist with
212 Pastos y Forrajes, Vol. 31, No. 3, 2008
tado posiblemente se debi a la prdida de vigor of 25/35C and 25/40C with regards to the
por parte de las semillas envejecidas, sobre todo results obtained in the temperature 25/30C.
de A. lebbeck y B. purpurea, que afect It should be emphasized that the aged seeds
significativamente su respuesta germinativa y of B. purpurea were considerably hydrated in
aument el porcentaje de semillas muertas en the thermoperiods of 25/35C and 25/40C, but
los termoperodos de 25/35C y 25/40C con re- could not germinate. Seemingly, these
lacin a los resultados en la temperatura de 25/ temperature ranges are lethal for such seeds in
30C. this species. On the other hand, the aged sees of
Es de resaltar que las semillas envejecidas G. sepium showed high percentages of final
de B. purpurea se hidrataron considerablemente germination, which proved that the storage
en los termoperodos de 25/35C y 25/40C, pero conditions and time did not affect their viability.
no lograron germinar. Al parecer, estos rangos In general, the results showed that the
de temperatura son letales para dichas semillas germination of the fresh and aged seeds of the
en esta especie. Por otra parte, las semillas en- three studied species was triggered, at constant
vejecidas de G. sepium presentaron altos as well as alternate temperature, although the
porcentajes de germinacin final, lo cual de- highest germination was reached in the
muestra que las condiciones y el tiempo de temperature range of 25/30C or 25/35C. Thus,
almacenamiento no afectaron su viabilidad. this alternate temperatures can also be considered
En general, los resultados evidenciaron que as the optimum temperature ranges for the
la germinacin de las semillas frescas y enveje- imbibition of the aged and fresh seeds,
cidas de las tres especies estudiadas se desenca- respectively, because the highest germination
den tanto a temperatura constante como alter- was obtained in the lowest possible time.
na, aunque la mxima germinacin se alcanz Seed hydration pattern. When the aged and
en el rango de temperatura de 25/30C 25/35C. fresh seeds of the three studied species were
214 Pastos y Forrajes, Vol. 31, No. 3, 2008
120
80
Viejas Frescas
40
0
5 10 15 20 25
Tiempo (horas)
Humedad (%)
Albizia lebbeck
200
160
120
80
40 Viejas Frescas
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
Tiempo (horas)
Humedad (%)
Bauhinia purpurea
120
100
80
60
40
20 Viejas Frescas
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Tiempo (horas)
Machado, R. & Snchez, J.A. 2004. Informe final del Orta, R.; Snchez, J.A; Muoz, Brbara; Calvo, E.;
PTCT Utilizacin de tratamientos pregerminativos Hernndez, L. & Prede, Miriam. 2004. Efectos de
en semillas envejecidas y frescas para la genera- los tratamientos acondicionadores y robustecedores
cin e incremento de la germinacin. CITMA, sobre el rendimiento de los cultivos. Siembra tem-
Matanzas. 41 p. prana del tomate. Acta Botnica Cubana. 176:19
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Rao, N.K.; Roberts, E.H. & Ellis, R.H. 1987. The Snchez, J.A. & Muoz, Brbara. 2004. Agrupamien-
influence of pre and post-storage hydration to del comportamiento reproductivo del pepino
treatments, and viability of lettuce seeds. Ann. Bot. procedente de semillas acondicionadas y robuste-
60:97 cidas mediante anlisis multivariado. Acta Bot-
Reino, J. 2005. Efectos de tratamientos de hidratacin- nica Cubana. 175:15
deshidratacin y choque cido sobre la germinacin Snchez, J.A.; Muoz, Brbara & Montejo, Laura.
y la emergencia de Leucaena leucocephala. Tesis 2004. Invigoration of pioneer tree seeds using
en opcin al ttulo de M.Sc. en Pastos y Forrajes. prehydration treatments. Seed Sci. & Technol.
EEPF Indio Hatuey. Matanzas, Cuba. 71 p. 32:355
Snchez, J.A. 2003. Efectos de tratamientos de Snchez, J.A.; Orta, R. & Muoz, Brbara. 2001. Tra-
hidratacin-deshidratacin y choque trmico sobre tamientos pregerminativos de hidratacin-deshi-
la germinacin y establecimiento de Trichospermum dratacin de las semillas y sus efectos en plantas
mexicanum. Tesis en opcin al grado cientfico de inters agrcola. Agronoma Costarricense.
de Dr. en Ciencias Biolgicas. Ministerio CITMA- 25:67
IES. Ciudad de La Habana. 87 p. Snchez, J.A.; Reino, J.; Muoz, Brbara; Gonzlez,
Snchez, J.A.; Calvo, E.; Muoz, Brbara & Orta, R. Yolanda; Montejo, Laura & Machado, R. 2005.
1999. Comparacin de dos tcnicas de acondicio- Efecto de los tratamientos de hidratacin-deshi-
namiento de semillas y sus efectos en la conducta dratacin en la germinacin y el vigor de plntulas
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Recibido el 19 de junio de 2008
Aceptado el 15 de julio de 2008