MARZANOS TAXONOMY

Processing Knowledge

THE COGNITIVE SYSTEM

Using Knowledge
- Decision Making
- Problem Solving
- Experimental Inquiry
- Investigation
- Invention
Analyzing Knowledge
- Comparing
- Classifying
- Abstracting
- Analyzing Errors
- Analyzing Perspectives
- Constructing Support
- Inductive Reasoning
- Deductive Reasoning
Comprehending Knowledge
Symbolizing
Integrating
Retrieving Knowledge
- Recalling
- Recognizing
Executing
 RETRIEVING KNOWLEDGE
REASONING CUES, TERMS, PHRASES EXAMPLE TASK
PROCESS

Recalling (DK) Recall

List Label the diagram of the cell.
Reproducing accurate Exemplify
information regarding Label
the DK or PK Name
State
Describe, who, what, where, when

Recognizing Recognize Which of the following did not

(DK or PK) Select from a list land on the moon?
Identify from a list A. Neil Armstrong
Identifying accurate Determine if the following B. Buzz Aldrin
statements regarding statements are true
the DK or PK
C. Michael Collins

Executing (PK) Use Add

Carrying out a mental or Make Subtract Provide the next number in
physical procedure Demonstrate Multiply the sequence:
Complete Divide 7,11,14,18,21,___?.
Show Write
Draft
Solve

COMPREHENDING KNOWLEDGE
REASONING CUES, TERMS, PHRASES EXAMPLE TASK
PROCESS
Symbolizing Symbolize
Chart Diagram the structure of the 3
Depicting the critical Depict branches of the U.S.
aspects of knowledge in Diagram government.
a pictorial or symbolic Represent
form Use a model
Illustrate
Show
Draw
Integrating Describe how or why
Describe the key parts of Summarize the main causes
Identifying the critical or Describe the effects, of the Civil War.
essential elements of Describe the relationship between
knowledge Explain ways in which
Make connections between
Paraphrase, summarize

Source: Designing & Assessing Educa3onal Objec3ves: Applying the New Taxonomy (Marzano)
 ANALYZING KNOWLEDGE

REASONING CUES, TERMS, PHRASES EXAMPLE TASK

PROCESS
Comparing Categorize Compare and contrast the
Compare foreign policy of the U.S. under
Identifying similarities and Differentiate Presidents Bush and Obama.
differences Compare & Contrast
Create a metaphor
Discriminate
Distinguish
Sort

Classifying
Identifying superordinate and
subordinate categories to which
info belongs (similarities &
differences among list of items)
Classify
Organize Organize the following
Sort countries into 3 different
Identify broader categories regions.
Identify categories
Identify different types

Deductive Reasoning What would have to happen.

(Specifying) Under what conditions would. Predict the impact of a 5
Develop an argument for.. degree change in temperature
Making and defending Make and defend on the Earth.
predictions about what might Predict
happen Judge
Deduce
Specify

Inductive Create a rule, generalization, or principle

Reasoning Trace the development of. Based on what you know, why
(Generalizing) Form conclusions do humans build settlements
What conclusions can be drawn from. where they do?
Inferring new generalizations What references can be made.
from known knowledge

Analyzing Errors Identify problems, issues, misunderstandings Examine candidates campaign

Analyze errors in literature to find errors or
Identifying logical or factual Assess, critique overgeneralizations.
errors in knowledge Diagnose
Evaluate, edit, revise

Analyzing Perspectives
Examining the reasons or logic
behind multiple perspectives on
an issue.
Constructing Support
Building support for assertions
or statements
Abstracting
Identifying the underlying
theme or general pattern of
information (similarities &
differences among chunks of
information).
Analyze the perspective of
Identify the logic behind
Explain the reasons behind
Explain shy someone might think
Take a position and defend
Support your position on
Explain your reasoning for
Compare
Compare & contrast
Differentiate
Discriminate
Create an analogy
Create a metaphor
Articulate the reasons and logic
behind two perspectives: 1)
Rap music is simple verses
that rhyme with noise in the
background 2? Rap is a new
form of music..
Take a position on whether or
not a traditional college
education is important to ones
future ability to function and
experience success in the
world of work.
Distinguish Explain how the parts of a cell
are similar to the parts of
another system (e.g. The
starship Enterprise).

Source: Designing & Assessing Educa3onal Objec3ves: Applying the New Taxonomy (Marzano)
 USING KNOWLEDGE

REASONING CUES, TERMS, PHRASES EXAMPLE TASK

PROCESS

Investigation Investigate Find out about

Research Take a position on Research what might
Generate a hypothesis
How did this happen happen to the polar
and use the assertions
and opinions of others
Why did this happen ice caps if the
to test the hypothesis What would have happen if temperature of the
What are the defining features of earth rose 5
degrees.
Experimenting Generate and test
Test the idea that Generate and test a
Generating and testing
What would happen if hypothesis about the
a hypothesis by
conducting an
How would you test it growth of plants in
experiment and How would you determine if various medium.
collecting data How can this be explained
Based on this explanation what can be
predicted

Problem Solving Solve

How would you overcome Determine the best
Accomplishing a goal Adapt strategy for
for which obstacles exist Develop a strategy to accomplishing
Figure out a way to peace in the world.
How will you reach your goal under
these conditions
Decision Making Decide
Select the best among the following Choose the best site
Selecting among alternatives, for a new airport
alternatives that initially Which among the following would be from 3 alternatives.
appear to be equal and best Explain your
explaining or defending What is the best way decision.
the choice Which of these is most suitable

Invention Create Identify how schools

Devise might improve how
Developing unique Generate a new way to they educate
products or processes Change the way students.
that fulfill a perceived Think of another way
need

Source: Designing & Assessing Educa3onal Objec3ves: Applying the New Taxonomy (Marzano)