Untitled

Bmjvgi bvg
Rwev`
AvjvwPZ I AbvjvwPZ KviYmg~n
om
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W. Lv`Kvi Avyjvn Rvnvxi
st
wc-GBP. wW. (wiqv`), Gg. G. (wiqv`), Gg.Gg. (XvKv)
mnhvMx AavcK, Avj-nv`xm wefvM,
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Bmjvgx wekwe`vjq, Kzwqv
ah
u nn
ss
Avm-mybvn cvewjKk
wSbvB`n, evsjv`k
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www.assunnahtrust.com
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 2

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Bmjvgi bvg Rwev`

AvjvwPZ I AbvjvwPZ KviYmg~n
W. Lv`Kvi Avyjvn Rvnvxi

cKvkK
Dmvgv Lv`Kvi
Avm-mybvn cvewjKk
Rvgvb mycvi gvKU (3q Zjv)
we. we. ivW. wSbvB`n-7300
dvb I d: 0451-63578; gvevBj: 01711152954
cwvb:
om
1. `vik kixqvn LvbKvq dzidziv, cvKkx, Bki`x, cvebv
2. BkvqvZ Bmjvg KzZzeLvbv, 2/2 `vim mvjvg, wgicyi, XvKv-1216
3. Avj-dviK GKvWgx, avcvNvUv-Mvwe`cyi, wSbvB`n-7300
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c_g gy`Y: AvM 2006 Cmvqx st
cwiewaZ 2q msiY: deqvix 2009 Cmvqx
tru
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nvw`qv
210 UvKv gv|
u nn
Islamer Name Jongibad (Miltancy in the name of Islam) by Dr. Khandaker Abdullah Jahangir. Published by
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As-Sunnah Pablications, Jaman Supur Market, B. B. Road, Jhenidah-7300. 1st print: August 2006. 2nd edition: February
2009. Price TK 210.00 only.
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Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 3
AvRvwZK LvwZmb dzidzivi cxi Avgxij Bwnv`
gvIjvbv Aveyj Avbmvi gynvv` Avyj Kvn&nvi
wmxKx Avj-KzivBkx mvnei
evYx
bvn&gv`y Iqv bymvjx Avjv ivm~wjnxj Kvixg, Avvev`,
kvwi ag Bmjvg| Bmjvgi kvw ay gymjgvbì RbB bq| eis RvwZ, ag, eY wbwekl mKj gvbyli Rb
Ges mKj mwi Rb| GKwU weovjK Afy eua ivLvi Rb KwVbZg wb`v RvwbqQb h gnvbex , Zuvi DZi ga
KD Bmjvgi bvg gvbyl Lyb KiZ cvi GK_v KbvI KiZ cvwi bv| wK ZviciI AZ ew_Z `q wb, wKQz
gvbyl bvwK Ggb KiQ| Gici `qi mB e`bv Aviv ew cvq, hLb `wL wU KqK wev wec_Mvgx gvbyli KviY
XvjvIfve avwgK I Avwjg mgvRK `vqx Kiv nQ| zj-KjRi AMwYZ Qvi Pzw i, WvKvwZ, wQbZvB I mvmx
KgKvi wj nIqvi KviY KD XvjvIfve zj-KjR ev wkveevK `vqx Kib bv| mgvRZ, MYZ, gvbevwaKvi
BZvwì bvg Lyb-Lvivwe I mvmx Kij KD mKj mgvRZx, MYZx ev gvbevwaKviev`xK `vqx Kib bv| A_P `yPvi
Rb wec_Mvgx Uzw c gv_vq w`q mvm Kij mKj UzwcIqvjvK `vqx Kiv nq|
Bmjvg mK G wgywL wevwi welq GKwU mgqvchvMx cywKv iPbv KiQ Avgvi mnv` RvgvZv Lv`Kvi
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Avyjvn Rvnvxi| GZ GKw`K hgb Bmjvgi bvg mvmx KgKvi g~j KviYwj wPwZ Kiv nqQ, Zgwb G welqK
wevw Acbv`bi Pv Kiv nqQ| eBwUi ej cPvi I cmvii Rb `vqv KiwQ| `vqv Kwi Avjvn jLKi G cPv
Keyj Ki wbb Ges G eBK Zuv i I Avgvì bvRvZi Imxjv evwbq w`b|
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st Avn&Kvij Gev`,
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Aveyj Avbmvi wmxKx
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(cxi mvne, dzidziv)

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c_g msiYi f~wgKv

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wemwgjvwni ivngvwbi ivnxg| Avj-nvg`y wjjvn| Iqv mvjvZz Iqvm mvjvgy Avjv ivm~wjjvn| Iqv Avjv Avwjnx Iqv Avmnvwenx
AvRgvCb|
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Avgvì mgvRi mKj gvbyl Ges Bmjvg mK hvì mvgvb vbI AvQ Zviv mKjB Rvbb h, RvwZ, ag, eY Mv
wbwekl mgvRi mKj gvbyli Rb kvw cwZv Bmjvgx agwekvmi AbZg ciYv| ZvwK, cvqvwMK I HwZnvwmKfve Zv
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meRbwew`Z| evsjv`ki gymwjg RbMvxi mKj gvbylB agxqfve kvwwcq| mevB Avgiv kvw PvB| GLb mgmv njv, Zvnj
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Bmjvgi bvg evgvevwR, Akvw, wbwin wbiciva gvbyl nZv, AvZnZv BZvw` Kb NUQ? G mKj NUbvi KviY Rvbv ay KZznj
wbeviYi welq bq, eis mv m wbqYi AbZg Dcvq| mvm GKwU fqi mvgvwRK evwa| Gi wbivgqi Rb Gi mwVK KviY
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wbYq Kiv AZxe iZc~Y| mwVK KviY wbYq GB evwa wbqY I wbivgqi c_ myMg Kie| cvi Gi KviY wbYq wevw
mgmvK Aviv fqi Ki ZzjZ cvi|
h Kvbv enr mgvR `y-PviwU wev ev wec_Mvgx `j ev ew _vKZ cvi| Kvbv iv ev mgvR _KB GìK
GKevi wbgyj Kiv hvq bv| Ze GBic wec_Mvgxiv hb KvbvfveB mgvRi ga Zvì wevw QovZ bv cvi Ges mgvRi
Rb `yZ cwiYZ bv nq m Rb Avgvì mP nZ ne| evsjv`ki gZ mykLj mgvR Rwevì Dvb AZ fqi welq|
cvwKvb ev Ab AbK `k wkqv-mywb, Invex-iRex BZvw` agxq `j-Dc`ji ga mwnsmZv AbK AvM _KB we`gvb|
cvi evsjv`k agwfwK fvqvj ev mwnsmZv KLbvB wQj bv| Avgvì `k Gic mwnsmZvi ga nvRvi nvRvi gvbylK
Afy KiZ cviv Kvbv gB QvU Ki `Lvi gZ welq bq| Gi mwVK KviY wbYq I cwZKvi mP nIqv AZ Riix|
G welq Avgvi jLv GKwU ce cKvwkZ nqwQj Bmjvgx AvBb I wePvi cwKvq| ek KqKRb cv Avwjg I Bmjvgx wP
vwe` cewU cyK AvKvi cKvk KiZ Drmvn `b| Zuvì cvei wfwZB cewUi mv_ wKQz mshvRb weqvRb Ki Zv cywKv
AvKvi cKvk Kijvg|
gnvb Avjvni ìevi mKvZi cv_bv Kwi, wZwb `qv Ki GB bMb KgUzKz Keyj Ki wbb Ges GK Avgvi, Avgvi
wcZvgvZv, x- mvb, AvZxq^Rb I cvVKì bvRvZi Imxjv evwbq w`b| Avgxb!
Avyjv n Rvnvxi
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 4
2q msiYi f~wgKv
cksmv gnvb Avjvni wbwg| mvjvZ I mvjvg Zuvi gnvb ivm~j gynvv` ( )-Gi Dci Ges Zuvi cwiRb, mnPi I
Abymvixì Dci|
2006 mvj Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` cywKvwU Qvcvi ci G welq Aviv KqKwU ce Avwg wjLwQjvg Ges
Gwji welqe GKwZ Ki GKwU cyK iPbvi Rb KD KD Abyiva KiwQjb|
MZ bfî-wWmî n Dcj nvivgvBb kixdvBb Mgbi ZvIdxK nqwQj| Bmjvgx RvMiYi ga DMZv I
wewQbZvi h Af Qvqv m welq wKQz wjLvi welq evisevi gb AveM Zwi nq| evisevi Avjvni ìevi Ave`b
KiwQjvg, G welq Zuvi cQ`bxq wKQz K_v wjLvi ZvIdxK Pq| `k wdi `Ljvg Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` cyw
KvwUi Kwcwj kl nq wMqQ| c_g fewQjvg cywKvwU cybg~`Y Kie| ci wmv wbjvg cybwjLbi| G welq
BZvga wjwLZ wewfb cei Z_ mshvRb Ki Ges nvivgvBb kixdvBb h welqwj jLvi AveM Abyf e KiwQjvg
mwji ga _K welqmswk wKQz K_v mshvRb Ki eBwU bZzbfve mvwRqwQ|
eBwU cybwjLb welq wekl Drmvn I civgk w`qQb dzidzivi cxi Avjnv gvIjvbv Ave~ eKi Avyj nvB
wgkKvZ wmxKx Avj-KzivBkx, nvwdhvjvn| weklZ, `xb cwZv I `xbx `vIqvZi h mg mybvZ weivax wPv I
Kg wewfbfve wekvm I Kgi weÀvZ mw KiQ mwj mK mybvZwfwK chvjvPbv KiZ wZwb evisevi AvgvK
Abyiva KiQb| gynZvivg gydZx mvC` Avng` gyRvw`x, gynZvivg gynvwm KvRx Beivnxg, ezei cdmi W. Avey wmbv,
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W. gy. Ajx Djvn, Av. m. g. AvBe Avng`, gv. bvwRgywb, gynv. Ave` web AvwRR I Abvb AbKB g~jevb Z_ I
civgk w`q mnhvwMZv KiQb| Avjvn mKjKB mevg cyivi c`vb Kib|
eBwUi welqe LyeB mse`bkxj| Avgvi vbi mxgveZv, eySi fyj, fvlv eenvii AhvMZv BZvw` KviY
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AbK fyjvw iq Mj| Kvbv m`q cvVK hw` Avgvi fyj I wePzwZ ai `b Ze Zv ne Avgvi Ges cvVKì Rb
AZ Avbì welq|
st
Avjvn `qv Ki G bMb cPv Keyj Ki wbb| Avgxb!
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Avyjv n Rvnvxi
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Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 5
MKvi iwPZ KqKwU eB
1. KziAvb-mybvni AvjvK Bmjvgx AvKx`v
2. GnBqvDm mybvb: mybvZi cybixeb I weÀvZi wemRb
3. nv`xmi bvg RvwjqvwZ: cPwjZ wg_v nv`xm I wfwnxb K_v
4. ivn ejvqvZ: ivm~jyjvn ( )-Gi whK&i-Ihxdv
5. gymjgvbx bmve: AviKvb Bmjvg I Ihxdvq ivm~j ( )
6. evsjv`k Dki ev dmji hvKvZ: iZ I cqvM
7. mnxn nv`xmi AvjvK mvjvZzj Cì AwZwi ZvKexi
8. gybvRvZ I bvgvh
9. mnxn gvmb~b Ihxdv
10. Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ
11. KziAvb-mybvni AvjvK cvkvK, c`v I `n-mv
12. KziAvb-mybvni AvjvK ke eivZ: dhxjZ I Avgj
13. ( eyn~myb dx Djywgj nv`xm)
14. A Woman From Desert
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15. LyZevZzj Bmjvg: RygyAvi LyZev I mgKvjxb cm
16. ivm~jyjvn ( )-Gi cvkvK
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17. gymbv` Avng` (Bgvg Avng` iwPZ): evbyev` (AvswkK)
18. Bhnvij n (Avjvgv kvBL ivngvZzjvn wKivbex iwPZ): evbyev` st
19. wdKm mybvwb Iqvj Avmvi (gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb iwPZ): evbyev`
tru
20. Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn)-Gi Avj-wdKj AvKevi: evbyev` I evLv
21. Jihad of the Holy Bible and Jihad of Muhammad
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22. evBej _K KziAvb

23. Kx bZzb wbq Gjb gynvv` ( )
nn
24. dzidzivi cxi Ave~ Rvdi wmwKx iwPZ Rvj nv`xm msKjb: Avj-gvDh~AvZ
25. evsjv`k Bmjvgx RvMiY: cxi-gvkvBL, wkv-wevi, `vIqvZ I ivRbxwZ
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msMn ev civgki Rb hvMvhvM Kib:

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gv. evnvDxb, gvbRvi, Avm-mybvn cvewjKk, Rvgvb mycvi gvKU (3q Zjv), we. we. ivW (cv Awdmi gvo).
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wSbvB`n-7300| gvevBj bs 01711-152954, 01922-137921|

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Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 6

m~ P xc
c_g cwiQ`: cwiwPwZ I AvjvwPZ KviYmg~n /9-60
1. 1. cwiwPwZ I cKiY /9
1. 1. 1. Rwev` I mvm /9
1. 1. 2. mvmi cKvif` /13
1. 2. Bmjvgi bvg mvm I Rwev` /14
1. 3. AvjvwPZ c_g KviY: Bmjvg /17
1. 4. AvjvwPZ wZxq KviY: Bmjvgx wkv /24
1. 5. AvjvwPZ ZZxq KviY: Invex gZev` /39
1. 6. AvjvwPZ PZz_ KviY: cvvZ loh /49
1. 7. Bmvqj, mvgvRev`, Zj I ag /52
1. 8. wekevcx gymwjg wbab /56
1. 9. gymwjg `k Bmjvg-`gb /57
1. 10. eKviZ I nZvkv /60
wZxq cwiQ`: Bmjvgi BwZnvm mvm-Rwev` /61-84
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2. 1. ivm~jyjvn -Gi fwelvYx /61
2. 2. LvwiRx mc`vq /66
2. 3. evwZbx kxqv mc`vq /72
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2. 4. RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb ev ZvKdxi Iqvj wnRiv /75 st
2. 5. `jxj-cgvY cQ`wbfiZv /80
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2. 6. mybvZB gywgbi ivKeR /83
ZZxq cwiQ`: wevwi ZvwK chvjvPbv /85-266
ah
3. 1. wevwi mgKvjxb cvcU /88

3. 2. wbRi Rxeb Bmjvg ebvg Abi Rxeb Bmjvg /91
nn
3. 3. KiYxq I eRbxq /96

3. 4. ivxq dih ebvg ewMZ dih /98
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3. 5. wePvi I nZv /100

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3. 6. wRnv` I nZv /102

3. 6. 1. wRnv` welqK AccPvi /102
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3. 6. 2. Bmjvgx kixqZ wRnv` I Zvi c~ekZ /105

3. 6. 3. wRnvì dhxjZ I weavb /114
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3. 6. 4. Kvwdi hvv nZv ebvg Kvwdi nZv /118

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3. 6. 5. Bmjvgi BwZnvm wRnv` I mvm /121

3. 6. 6. evBejxq wRnv` ebvg Bmjvgi wRnv` /122
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3. 7. wRnv` welqK wevw /137

3. 7. 1. wRnv` ki AwZ-eenvi /137
3. 7. 2. wRnv` dih AvBb Ges eo dih /140
3. 7. 3. LvwiRxMYi wevw Acbv`b mvnvexMY /141
3. 8. ZvK&dxi ev Kvwdi K_b /149
3. 8. 1. Kzdi I ZvK&dxi /149
3. 8. 2. LvwiRxMYi gZvgZ /154
3. 8. 3. AvBb, kvmb, weavb I gZev` /156
3. 8. 4. AvbyMZ ebvg Bev`Z /162
3. 8. 5. ZvZ eRb I Awekvm /169
3. 8. 6. ivxq AvbyMZ ebvg Kzd&ixi cwZ mw /176
3. 8. 7. RvgvAvZ I evBAvZi Z /179
3. 9. Bmjvgx iv I iv cwZv /189
3. 9. 1. Bmjvg I iv /189
3. 9. 2. Bmjvgx ivi cKwZ /189
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 7

3. 9. 3. Bmjvg I Z /195
3. 9. 4. Bmjvgx iv I Bmjvgx AvBb-wePvi /198
3. 9. 5. Bmjvgx iv ebvg AbmjvwgK iv /204
3. 9. 6. `xb cwZv, iv cwZv I iv msvi /208
3. 10. mgvR cwieZb mvnvex I cieZxì Kgaviv /222
3. 10. 1. gymwjg mgvR iv msvi nv`xmi wb`kbv /223
3. 10. 2. mvnvex I cieZxì Kgaviv /230
3. 11. Rwev` wbqY KiYxq /247
3. 11. 1. mgvR I ivi KiYxq /248
3. 11. 2. Avwjg I `vqxMYi KiYxq /255
klK_v /266
Mcx /267
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Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 8
c_g cwiQ`
cwiwPwZ I AvjvwPZ KviYmg~n
1. 1. cwiwPwZ I cKiY
1. 1. 1. Rwev` I mvm
Rw I Rwev` kq BsiwR (militant, militancy) kqi Abyev`| B`vwbs Gwj Avgvì ga AwZ
cwiwPZ I AwZeeZ| kwj wKQz w`b AvMI GZ cPwjZ wQj bv| Avi AvwfavwbK ev eenvwiKfve Gwj wb`bxq ev
Lvivc A_I eeZ nZv bv| kvwK ev icK fve hvv, mwbK ev hy eeZ e eySvZ G kwj eeZ nZv|
ewUk Bwqvi Kgvvi Bb wPdK RwjvU ejv nZv|1
kwg ev DM eySvZI G k eenvi Kiv nq| (Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary)-Z ejv
nqQ: militant. adj. favouring the use of force or strong pressure to achieve one's aim.
...militant: n. militant person, esp. in politics. wgwjUvU (Rw): h ew Zvi Dk nvwmji Rb kw ev
Rvivjv cfve eenvi Kiv mg_b Ki|....2
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Merriam-Wepster's Collegiate Dictionary--Z ejv nqQ: militant 1: engaged in warfare or
combat : fighting. 2: aggressively active (as in a cause). A_vr: wgwjUvU (Rw): hy ev myLmgi wj
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ew, hyiZ| DMfve mwq|
wZxq A_wUK Aviv GKUz evLv Ki gvBvmdU GbKvUv Awfavb wgwjUvU ev Rw ki A_ ejv nqQ:
st
(aggressive: extremely active in the defense or support of a cause, often to the point of
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extremism): AvMvmx, Kvbv welqi c ev mg_b Pigfve mwq, hv cvqk Pigcv ch cuQvq|
G mKj A_ KvbvwUB mivmwi e-AvBbx Aciva eySvq bv| G mKj A_ Avgvì `ki mKj ivRbwZK,
ah
Av`wkK, ckvRxwe I mvgvwRK `jB wgwjUvU ev Rw| KviY mKjB Dk nvwmji Rb kw ev cmvi cqvM
cQ` Kib Ges mKjB Zvì wbRì Av`k I ^v_ ivq ev cwZvq DMfve mwq|
nn
wK Avgiv eZgvb Rw ejZ eywS e-AvBbx mwnsmZv I LybLvivwc| G A_ cwm I mycwiwPZ cwifvlv mvm
(terrorism)| wK Avgiv evsjvq c-cwKv, eZv-weewZ I jLvjwL _K eywS h, mvm, Rwev` I Pigcvi ga
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cv_K iqQ| hviv mvgev`, mgvRZ ev menvivi ivRZ cwZvi bvg DMZv, AaviY, mwnsmZv ev LybLvivwcZ wj nb
ss
ZvìK Avgiv Pigcx (extremist) ewj| Avi hviv Bmjvgi bvg ev Bmjvgx iv cwZvi bvg DMZv, AaviY,
mwnsmZv ev LybLvivwcZ wj ZvìK ewj Rw| Avi hviv cPwjZ mvaviY ivRbwZK `ji bvg ev Kvbv `j,
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gZev` ev Av`ki bvg bv wbq ewMZ ev MvxMZ ^v_ Dvii Rb DMZv, AaviY, mwnsmZv ev LybLvivwcZ wj nq
ZvìK mvmx ewj|
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Gic wefvRb ev cv_Ki Kvbv fvlvMZ ev Z_MZ wfw AvQ ej Rvbv hvq bv| eis BsiwR eenvi _K eySv
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hvq h, militant/ militancy Rw ev Rwev` k mivmwi e-AvBbx Kg ev Aciva eySvq bv| eis eAvBbx ev AvBb-
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mZ h Kvbv cKvii DMZv eySvZ (militant, militancy): Rw I Rwev` kq eenvi Kiv nq| Pigcv I
Pigcx (extremism/extremist) kqI mivmwi Aciva ev e AvBbx KgKv eySvq bv| cvi mvm
(terrorism) kwUB mivmwi Aciva I e-AvBbx KgKv eySvq|
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, Rwev` kwU Kvbvic fvlvMZ wfw QvovB Bmjvgi bvg mwnsmZv A_ eenvi
nQ| A_P g~j fvlvMZ A_ Bmjvgi bvg, Ab Kvbv agi bvg, agw bicZvi bvg, MYZi bvg, mgvRZi
bvg, Ab h Kvbv gZev`, Av`k ev AwaKvii bvg DMZvi Avkq MnYKvix gvbylK Rw ejv Pj Ges Zvi gZvgZK
Rwev` ejv Pj| BsiwR eenvi GwUB cgvY Ki|
eZ Rwev` ejZ Avgiv hv eySvwQ I eySwQ m A_wU cKvki Rb mwVK k njv mvm| mvm-Gi mvaviY
cwiPq w`q mvm welqK AvjvPbvi iZ GbmvBKvwcWxqv weUvwbKvq ejv nqQ: terrorism: the systematic
use of violence to create a general climate of fear in a population and thereby to bring about a
particular political objective: mvm: wbw` ivRbwZK Dk evevqbi j mgw^Zfve mwnsmZvi
eenvii gvag Kvbv RbMvxi ga fqi cwiek Zwi Kiv|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 9

gvwKb miKvii dWvij eyiv Ae BbfwMkb (Gd. we. AvB) terrorism ev mvmi msvq ejQ: "the
unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a
government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or
social objectives: Kvbv miKvi ev mvaviY bvMwiKìK fq `wLq ivRbwZK ev mvgvwRK Dk c~iYi Rb
ew ev mì wei gZv ev mwnsmZvi eAvBwb eenvi Kiv|
G msvq Kgi w`K j ivLv nqQ| kw, gZv ev mwnsmZvi eenvi hw` e-AvBbx nq Ze Zv mvm ej
MY ne| Avi hw` Zv AvBb-mZ nq Ze Zv mvm ej MY ne bv| GLvb mgmv AvBb I e-AvBb wbYq wbq|
gvwKb hyiv I Abvb cvvZ `k BivK ivRbwZK cwieZb, îkvmb _K gyw Avbqb, gvbevwaKvi cwZv
BZvw` ivRbwZK Dk c~iYi Rb miKvi I RbMYi wei kw I mwnsmZv eenvi KiQ Ges KiQ| G
eenviK Zviv AvBbmZ I Zvì gwjK AwaKvi I `vwqZ ej gb KiQb| KvRB Zviv GK mvm ej gvbZ
ivwR bb, hwÌ weki AbK gvbylB GK mvm ejB gb KiQb|
cvi BivKi cwZiva hvvMY we`kx `Lj`vwZ gy nZ gvwKb mbvevwnbx I Zvì vbxq mnhvMxì
wei kw I mwnsmZv eenvi KiQb Ges AvdMvbvb ZvwjevbMY ivRbwZK I mvgvwRK cwieZb mvabi Dk
AvdMvb miKvii mbvevwnbx, KgKZv I we`kx mbì wei kw I mwnsmZv eenvi KiQb| Zviv Zvì G
KgK AvBbmZ `vwqZ ej gb Kib, cvi Abiv GK mvm ej MY KiQb|
om
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, mvm I mvmxK wPwZ Kiv KwVb Ges G welq HKgZ cvlY cvq Ame| GRb Ab
AbK mgvRwevbx Kgi Dci wbfi bv Ki Avvi Dci wbfi Ki mvmK msvwqZ KiZ Pv KiQb| Zvì
fvlvq: "terrorism is premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against
.c
noncombatant targets: ivRbwZK Dk cYvw`Z nq c~ecwiKwZfve Ahvv ji wei mwnsmZv mvm|
st
gvwKb miKvi G msv MnY KiQb ej GbmvBKvcxwWqv weUvwbKvq DjL Kiv nqQ| wK G msvi viv
tru
mvm ev mvmx wPwZ KivI weZwKZ nZ eva| wbi wdwjwbx hyeKMY hLb mk Bmivqjx mbì cwZ BU-cvUKj
wbc Kib A_ev wdwjwbx gywhvvMY hLb mk Bmivqjxq mbìK Avgb Kib, ZLb gvwKb hyiv I
ah
cvvZ wek ZvK mvm ej AvLvwqZ Ki| A_P Ahvv wbi wdwjwbx wk I bvixcyilì cwZ Bmivqjx mbì
wj Qvov, evgv wbc BZvw` KgK Zviv mvm ej MY Kib bv| eis AvZivi ^vfvweK AwaKvi ej `vwe Kib|
nn
BivK cwZiva hvv ev wkqv-mywb msNvZ wj wewfb `j wbi Ahvv gvbylì nZv Kij ZvK mKjB mvm
ej MY Kib| wK gvwKb evwnbx dvjyRv Ges Abvb vb Ahvv wbi gvbylìK nZv Kij ZvK mvm ej
u
KLbvB ^xKvi Kiv nq bv|

ss
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, hfveB msvwqZ Kiv nvK bv Kb, Kvbv gvbyl ev gvbeMvxK mvmx ej wPwZ
Kiv LyeB KwVb|
.a
mevcwi, hyM hyM mKj ^vaxbZv msMvg, gyw I ^vaxbZv Av`vjbmn wewfb RvwZ, `j ev iv Gic mwnsmZvi
eenvii gvag Zvì ^vaxbZv, gyw I MYZvwK AwaKvi Av`vq KiQb| AvaywbK BwZnvm AvBwik wicvewjKvb Avgx,
w
AvwdKvb bvkbvj KsMm, Zvwgj UvBMvi, c~e wZgyii ^vaxbZvKvgx `jmg~n I Abvb AbK `j I msMVb Zvì
w
ivRbwZK Dk nvwmji Rb mvmx Kgvi Avkq wbqQ I wbQ| wewfb mgq mKj iv, GgbwK RvwZmsNI Gic
w
AbK mvmx KgKv mg_b KiQ Ges mvmx msMVbwjK mvnvh KiQ| hgb wnUjvji `Lj`vi evwnbxi wei
divmxì mvmx I mwnsm cwZiva Av`vjb Ges `wY AvwdKvi eYev`x miKvii wei AvwdKvb bvkbvj
KsMmi mwnsm I mvmx cwZiva Av`vjb|
Aviv jYxq h, ^vaxbZv Av`vjb I cwZiva hyK mvm ej AvLvwqZ Kiv îvPvi, `Lj`vi ev
mvgvRev`xì wPiPvwiZ wbqg| bcvji gvIev`xìK mvmx ZvwjKvf~ Kiv nqQ| wK RbMY ZvìKB cQ`
KiQ| evsjv`ki ^vaxbZv hy gyw hvvìK me`v mvmx ej AvLvwqZ KiQ cvwKvb, gvwKb hyiv I
Abvb mvgvRev`x kw| G Rb ejv nq: "One man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter".
hyi I Dfq c cwZci mb I bvMwiKì ga fxwZ mvi mP _vK| Ze mvmi mv_ hyi
gwjK cv_K njv, mvaviY hy I Mwijv hy Dfq B hvviv gyjZ hvv ev hy welqK jeZ AvNvZ KiZ
mP _vK Ges mvgwiK weRqB j _vK| cvi mvmi mvgwiK weRq Dk _vK bv| G g~j DkB
njv mvgwiK AmvgwiK wbwePvi mKj jeZ AvNvZ Ki fxwZ mvii gvag ivRbwZK Dk nvwmj Kiv|
"Terrorism proper is thus the systematic use of violence to generate fear, and thereby to
achieve political goals, when direct military victory is not possible. This has led some social
scientists to refer to guerrilla warfare as the 'weapon of the weak' and terrorism as the 'weapon
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 10

of the weakest'." GRb g~jZ mvm njv hLvb mvgwiK weRq me bq mLvb ivRbwZK Dk nvwmji Rb
mykLwjZfve mwnsmZvi eenvii gvag fxwZ mvi Kiv| GRb Kvbv Kvbv mgvRwevbx ejQb h, Mwijv hy
`yeji A Ges mvm `yejZgi A|3
1. 1. 2. mvmi cKvif`
terrorism ev mvmK wewfbfve kYxwebvm Kivi Pv Kiv nqQ| AbK mvmK wZbfvM fvM KiQb:
(1) Revolutionary Terrorism
(2) Subrevolutionary Terrorism
(3) Establishment Terrorism
c_g cKvi (Revolutionary Terrorism ) ev ecweK mvm A_ mvmx KgKvi gvag GKwU ivRbwZK
eevi c~Y wejyw NwUq mLvb Ab GKwU ivRbwZK eev cwZv Kiv| BUvjxi iW weMW, Rvgvbxi iW Avwg (evì
gBbnd), ev wewQbZvev`x Mc (BwUG), cii kvBwbs cv_ BZvw` AMwYZ D`vniY iqQ G RvZxq mvmx KgKvi|
ivRbwZK eevi c~Y wej~w bv NwUq mwnsmZvi gvag ivRbwZK gvmxbì mwiq AvswkK cwieZbi Rb h
mvmx KgKv cwiPvjbv Kiv nq ZvK (Subrevolutionary Terrorism) weceZi mvm ejv nq| AbK `wY
AvwdKvi eYev`x miKvii wei AvwdKvb bvkbvj KsMmi KgKvK Gi D`vniY wnme ck Kib| Avqvijvi
AvB. Avi. G.-KI G chvq djv hvq|
om
iv wbqwZ ev iv cwiPvwjZ mvmK (Establishment terrorism ) cvwZvwbK mvm ev (state or state-
sponsored terrorism) ivxq mvm ejv nq| AbK mgq miKvi ev miKvii Kvbv msv ZviB bvMwiKì, A_ev
miKvii gaKvi wKQz gvbylì wei A_ev Ab `ki miKvi ev bvMwiKì wei mvmx KgKv cwiPvjbv Ki
.c
_vK| G RvZxq mvm LyeB evcK, wK wPwZ Kiv KwVb| KviY Kvbv ivB mvaviYZ wbRi mvmx KgKv ev G
st
aibi KgKv Zvi mg_b cKvk Ki bv ev ^xKvi Ki bv| kxZj hyi mgq mvwfqU BDwbqb I Zvi mg_K `kwj
wekevcx wewfb mvmx KgKv AskMnY ev mnhvwMZv KiQ| Abyicfve gvwKb hyiv Gvjvi (UNITA)
tru
we`vnxì mg_b I Zvì mv_ wewfb mvmx KgKv AskMnYmn mviv wek wewfb mvmx KgKv AskMnY ev
mnhvwMZv KiQ Ges KiQ|
ah
1. 2. Bmjvgi bvg mvm I Rwev`

nn
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, ivxq mvm Qvov mvaviYfve mvm g~jZ ivRbwZK Dk nvwmji Rb GK cKvii
hy| Ze hyi mv_ Gi cv_K G h, hy iv ev ivi `vwe`vi KZK cwiPvwjZ nq, dj m gZv eenvii
u
eaZv ev AvBbwmZvi `vwe Kiv nq| GZ mvaviYZ hvvìK je Kiv nq Ges Gi Dk nq mvgwiK weRq|
ss
cvi mvmx ew ev `j ivgZvi AwaKvix bq| Ze Zviv iv eevi cwieZb KiZ Pvq| G Rb Zviv hvv-
Ahvv mevBK wbwePvi jeZ cwiYZ Ki cvY I mì wZ KiZ _vK| hb GK chvq fxZ nq mswk
.a
miKvi I RbMY Awf ivRbwZK cwieZb KiZ ivwR nq| mvaviYfve hviv myL ev Mwijv hyi gvag cwZci
Dci mvgwiK weRq jvf KiZ cvie bv ej gb Kib ZvivB Gic mvmi Avkq bb|
w
GLb ck njv, Gic mvm ev Rwevì mv_ Bmjvg-Gi mK KZUzKz? eZgvb AvRvwZK cPvigvag
w
Bmjvg-K mvmi RbK ej wPwZ Kiv nQ| A_P BwZnvm I eveZv Gi m~Y wecixZ| mvm ejZ hv eySvbv
w
nq Zvi i njv Bn~`x DMev`xì viv| cvPxb hyM _K Bn~`x DMev`x avwgKMY agxq Av`k I agxq iv cwZvi Rb
mvmi Avkq wbqQb| gvbe BwZnvm cvPxb hyMi c_g cwm mvmx Kg wQj DMcx Bn~`x hxjUì (Zealots)
mvm| Lc~e c_g kZvx I Zvi cieZx mgq ivgvb mvgvRi Aaxb emevmiZ DMev`x G mKj Bn~`xiv wbRì
agxq I mvgvwRK ^vZ I ^vaxbZv ivi Rb Avcvmnxb wQj| h mKj Bn~`x ivgvb ivi mv_ mnhvwMZv KiZ ev
mnAevbi wPv KiZ Giv ZvìK nZv KiZ| GRb Giv wmKvix (the Sicarii: dagger men) ev Qzwi-gvbe
bvg cwm wQj| Giv cqvRb AvZnZv KiZ wK cwZci nvZ aiv w`Z bv| Gì nZvKvi g~j Dk wQj
RbMY I ckvmbK m Kiv| GRb Zvì UvMUK cKvk wèvjvK evRvi, Dcvmbvjq, DrmeK` ev Abyic
Rbmgveki ga Avgb Ki nZv KiZ| Zvì Dk wQj G mKj nZvKvi gvag RbMYK fxZ-m Kiv Ges
ivgvb ckvmb I Zvì `vjvjìK Zvì KgKvi msev` Rvbvbvi eev Kiv|4
gahyM Lvbì ga agxq I ivRbwZK KviY mvmi AMwYZ NUbv Avgiv `LZ cvB| weklZ agxq
msvi, cvv-msvi (the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation )-Gi hyM Kv_wjK I cUvUì
ga AMwYZ hy QvovI hy ewnfyZ mvmi AbK NUbv `Lv hvq|5
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 11

cvi Bmjvgi BwZnvm Avgiv hy `LZ cjI mvm LyeB Kg `LZ cvB| Bmjvgi BwZnvm wewfb
cKvii hy nqQ| hgb gymwjg ivi mv_ Agymwjg ivi, gymwjg ivi mv_ gymwjg ivi, gymwjg ivi mv_
we`vnxì hy BZvw`| wK Bmjvgi BwZnvm gymwjg mgvR gymjgvbì ga, A_ev Agymwjgì ga mvm ev
Rwevì gvag Bmjvgx Av`k cwZv ev Ab Kvbv ivRbwZK Dk nvwmji D`vniY LyeB Kg| Bmjvgi BwZnvmi
cPxb `y-GKwU NUbvi K_v Avgiv cieZx cwiQ` AvjvPbv Kie| Zvi AvM Avgiv eZgvb Aev chvjvPbv Kwi|
eZgvb wKQz gymwjg wewfb `k Ahvv I wbixn gvbyl nZv KiQ ev mvmi Avkq wbQ ej kvbv hvq| Gwj
AwaKvsk cgvwYZ bq| mePq eo mvmx NUbv AvgwiKvi UzBb UvIqvi asm| web jv`b ev Zvi evwnbx Zv KiQ
ej `vwe Ki hyiv G `vwei wfwZ AvdMvwbvbi I BivKi j j wbixn wbi Ahvv bvix-cyil I wkK nZv
KiQ| wK GLb ch KvbvfveB welqwU cgvY KiZ cviwb| Dci G AwfhvM AvUK ewì qvvgv e-Z
mKj gvbevwaKvi I bvq wePvii myhvM _K ewZ Ki eei AZvPvii gvag ^xKvivw MnYi Pv Kiv nQ|
evnZ Gì wei gvwKb RbMY I wePviKì mvgb ck Kivi gZ MnYhvM Kvbv cgvY bB ejB Gic Kiv
nQ|
h Kvbv GbmvBKvcxwWqv ev Z_mg M mvmi BwZnvm cvV Kib| `Leb mvmi Drcw I weKvk
gymjgvbì Ae`vb LyeB Kg| Avgiv `LwQ h, mvmi Drcw Bn~`x hxjUì (Zealots) nvZ| AvaywbK BwZnvm
fviZ, BDivc I Abvb `k AMwYZ mvmx `j I mvmx NUbv cveb| Gì cvq mKjB Bn~`x, Lvb, wn`y I e
om
agi Abymvix| fviZ, AvgwiKvq ev Ab Kvbv mvmx NUbv njB c_g gymwjgìK `vqx Kiv nq Ges cPvi
gvag Zv djvI Kiv nq| cieZx Z` AbK mgq Gì mZv cgvY Kiv hvq bv, A_ev cgvwYZ nq h, Abiv Zv
KiQ| wK mvaviYZ cPvi gvag Zv djvI Kiv nq bv| GiciI hw` gymwjgì bvg Kw_Z mvmx NUbvwjK mZ
.c
ej gb bIqv nq Ze Zv weki mKj mvmx NUbvi KZ cvimU? 1 ev 2 cvimUI bq|
st
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, Bmjvgx Rwev`, Bmjvgi bvg mvm I nZvi welq hv wKQz ejv nq Zvi AwaKvskB
tru
wfwnxb I Dkg~jK AccPvi| Gic wg_v cPviYvi cvkvcvwk Avgiv `LwQ h, cKZB wKQz gymwjg Bmjvgi bvg,
Bmjvg ev Bmjvgx iv cwZvi bvg ev Abvqi cwZevì bvg nZv ev asmvZK Kg wj nQ| mZ I wg_v G mKj
mvmx KgKvi KviY mK AbK AvjvPbv-chvjvPbvI Avgiv `LZ cvwQ| Avgiv `LwQ h, mviv wek Agymwjg I
ah
gymwjg MelK-eywRxexMY Rwevì h mKj KviY DjL KiQb mwji AbZg: (1) Bmjvg, (2) Bmjvgx wkv, (3)
Invex gZev` I (4) cvvZ loh|
nn
1. 3. AvjvwPZ c_g KviY: Bmjvg

u
AbK cvvZ cwZ Rwevì Rb Bmjvg agK `vqx Kib| Gì ga KD gb Kib, Bmjvg AbK fvj
ss
K_v wkv Ìqv nqQ Ges Bmjvgx mfZvi mv_ cvvZ mfZvi mn-Aevb me| Ze Bmjvgi ga fvj welqi
mv_ wRnv`, agZvM, weagxì mv_ hy BZvw` welqK wKQz DM I Amwny welqI wkv Ìqv nqQ, hwj
.a
gvbevwaKvi ev mfZvi mnAevb ev weKvki wec| G mKj wkv _KB Rwevì Rb| GRb Rwev` `gbi Rb
w
Bmjvgi fvj wkvwji cmskv KiZ ne I mwji weKvk NUvZ ne| cvkvcvwk DM ev Lvivc wkvi wevi iva
KiZ ne| Bmjvgx wkv eev Xj mvRvZ ne| G _K DMZv-i Drmvn w`Z cvi Gic wkv ev` w`Z ne|
w
Gfve gymwjg mgvRwjZ gWviU gymwjgì Dvb NUvZ cvijB Rwev` wbqY Kiv me ne|
w
Ab AbK cvvZ cwZ gb Kib ev `vwe Kib h, Bmjvgi g~j wkvB Rw| Zvì gZ, Bmjvg Zvi
Abymvixì AmwnyZv wkv `q| Bmjvg wRnvì bvg AgymwjgìK nZv Kivi D`v Avnvb Rvbvbv nqQ| Avi
Gi djB gymwjgì ga Rwevì Dvb| Zvì gZ Bmjvgx mvm I Rwev` e Kivi GKgv Dcvq Bmjvg agK
wbgyj A_ev wbqY Kiv| Giv `vwe Kib h, Bmjvgx mfZvi mv_ cvvZ mfZvi msNvZ Avekvex| GK Gwoq
hvIqvi Kvbv Dcvq bB| wekevcx Rwevì Dvb mfZvi msNvZ Zi mwVKZi mePq eo cgvY|
Bn~`x-Lvb agi I agxq DMev`xivB ay bq, cvvZi AbK agwbic ivbZv ev ivRbwZK bZvI
wekvm Kib h, Bmjvg I mvm mgv_K Ges BmjvgK cwZiva KivB mvmK cwZiva Kiv| AbK Pz jvq ev
wWcvgwUK-ivRbwZK cqvRb Zv mivmwi ejb bv| Zviv ejb bv h Bmjvgi wei hy KiZ ne, eis ejb,
Bmjvgx Rwevì wei hy KiZ ne| wK AbKB gbi K_vwU ej djb, Zuviv Bmjvgx Rwevì wei bq,
eis Bmjvgi weiB hy NvlYv Kib| 2004 mvji Gwcj gvm WbgvKi ivbx GK weewZZ ejb:
We are being challenged by Islam these years- globally as well as locally. It is a
challenge we have to take seriously... We have to show our opposition to Islam and we have
to, at times, run the risk of having unflattering labels placed on us because there are some
things for which we should display no tolerance.
eZgvb eQiwjZ Avgiv AvRvwZKfve Ges vbxqfve Bmjvgi Pvji gyL cowQ| G PvjK Avgvì
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 12

KwVbfve MnY KiZ ne| Bmjvgi cwZ Avgvì weivwaZv AvgvìK myfve cKvk KiZ ne| cqvRb GRb
AvgvìK Acksmbxq e`bvg MnYi SzuwKI MnY KiZ ne| (Bmjvgi cwZ weivwaZv ev wel cKvki KviY
mvc`vwqK, gjev`x, eYev`x BZvw` Lvivc weklY f~wlZ nIqvi SuywKI gb wbZ ne|) KviY wKQz wKQz welq AvQ
h welq Avgvì Kvbv bgbxqZv ev mnbkxjZv c`kb Kiv DwPZ bq| (Bmjvg Abyic welq hvi cwZ Kvbvic
mnkxjZv c`kb Kiv hve bv, hwÌ ZvZ AvgvìK DM, gjev`x ev Abyic wKQz ejv nq|)!6
Giv gb Kib, gvbe mfZvi msiYi Rb Rwev` wbqYi GKgv Dcvq, kwi gvag weki mKj
gymjgvbK nZv Kiv, e`x Kiv, Rvic~eK Lvb evbvbv I gymwjg `kwjK mvgwiKfve wbqY Kiv| weklZ,
Bmjvgx wkvi wevi iva Kiv|
eZgvb Avgiv ccwKvq cwZwbqZB `LZ cvB h, BDivc I AvgwiKvi AbK agwbic (?) ivRbxwZwe`
Zvì `kwjZ gmwR` Zwi wbwl KiZ, gymwjgì bvMwiKZ c`vb e KiZ ev ewnv i KiZ miKvii wbKU
cKvk `vwe `vIqv ZzjQb| Dci G mKj `vwe-`vIqvi wfwZ Zviv wbevPb fvj fvUI jvf KiQb| GQvov Gic
AbK cvvZ agwbic (?) ivRbwZK bZv `vwe KiQb h, BDivc ev AvgwiKvq hw` Kvbv mvmx nvgjv nq Ze
wbwZ ai wbZ ne h, gymwjg mvmxivB Zv KiQ Ges Gi Reve cbvi gvag gv-g`xbv asm Ki w`Z
ne|
AvgwiKvi cwm I cfvkvjx wPvwe` I jwLKv Avb KvjUvi (Ann Coulter) mvm I Rwev` `gbi Rb
om
mKj gymwjg `k `Lj Ki gymwjgìK Rvic~eK Lag `xwZ Kivi `vwe Rvwbq wjLb: "we should invade
their countries, kill their leaders and convert them to Christianity." Avgvì DwPZ Zvì `kwj
Avgb Kiv, Zvì bZvìK nZv Kiv Ges agvwiZ Ki ZvìK Lvb evbvbv|7
.c
G mKj MelK-cwZK nqZ gymwjgMY Bmjvg-welx ej gb KiZ cvib, Ze Gì AbKi B
st
Gic gZcKvki Rb weli Pq AZvB eo KviY| Giv `LQb h, Kvbv Kvbv gymwjg wbwePvi wbiciva gvbyl
nZv KiQ Ges GRb Zviv Bmjvgi cwe M KziAvbi DwZ ck KiQ| KvRB Zuviv aviYv Kib h, KziAvb
tru
GicB wkv w`q _vK| Gì AbKB Bmjvgi wRnv` welqK wKQz wb`k nqZ cvV KiQb, wK wRnvì cKZ A_,
kZ ev weavbvewj Rvbb wb| Giv AwaKvsk Bmjvg mK Agymwjg ag-cPviK ev ag iì cPviYvg~jK eBcy
ah
KB cvV KiQb, Bmjvgx vbi m~wj _K wbicfve Z_ msMn Kib wb|

weklZ Bmjvg welx AccPvii Rvqvii ga wbicfve Z_ msMn ev hvPvB Kiv AbKi RbB Lye KwVb
nn
Kg| GRb cPwjZ cPvii wfwZ Zviv wmv wbqQb h, Rwevì Rb BmjvgB `vqx Ges BmjvgK wbqY KivB G
mgmv `~ixKiYi GKgv Dcvq|
u
gymjgvbi mvmi Rb Zvi ag BmjvgK Awfhy Kivi Aviv GKwU welq jYxq| weki me I mKj
ss
RvwZi gaB mvmx NUbv NUQ| Ab Kvbv agi mvmxi mvmi Rb Zvi agK KLbvB `vqx Kiv nq bv| wK
gymwjgi mvmi Rb BmjvgK XvjvIfve `vqx Kiv nq|
.a
Avmvg, gwbcyi, wgRvivg, wenvi, kxjv, Avqvijv, b, dv ev Ab Kvbv vbi wn`y, Lvb, e,
w
Kv_wjK, cUmUvU ev Ab agi mvmxì welq Zvì ag DjL Kiv nq bv ev agK `vqx Kiv nq bv| Zvì `k ev
RvwZi cwiPq w`q ejv nq AvBwik, Zvwgj, gwbcyix, Avmvgxq, ev, BUvjxq, bxq ev Rvgvb mvmx| wK Kv_vI
w
Kvbv gymwjg Gic Kij Zvi agK `vqx Kiv nq| ejv nq, wdwjcvBb, BivK, AvdMvwbvb, cvwKvb ev Kvkxii
w
Bmjvgx ev gymwjg mvmx...| A_P mKj B mvmi KviY I `vex GKB| mKjB Zvì aviYv Abymvi AwaKvi
ivi mvaviY c_ e_ nq mvmi c_ ai Ges mKjB mvmi eaZv I AbyciYvi Rb wbRì agi evYx I wkv
eenvi Ki|
ay agvej^xì mvmB bq, GKvB agi bvg I agi Rb nZv, MYnZv I mvmi AMwYZ NUbv iqQ,
hwjZ KLbvB agK `vqx Kiv nq bv, eis mvm wj gvbylìK `vqx Kiv nq| mvgvb GKwU ZvwjKv `Lyb:
(1) agi bvg I GKvB agxq ciYvq BDivci LvbMY weMZ cvq ò nvRvi eQi ai PvPi cZ
wb`kbvq I Zveavb Ges KLbv KLbv Lvb kvmKì wb`k wewfbfve wbi mvaviY Bn~`xìK wbhvZb I nZv
KiQb| Gi ga AbK MYnZvi NUbv iqQ hwjZ GKmv_ nvRvi nvRvi Bn~`xK nZv Kiv nq| mekl wZxq
wekhyi mgq (1939-1945) njvK (holocaust)-G cvq 6 wgwjqb Bn~`x bvix, cyil I wkK wbggfve nZv Kiv
nq|
(2) GKv agx q ciYvq Dy nq BDivci LvbMY b I zmW hy PjvKvjxb mgq gacvPi wewfb
vb nvRvi nvRvi Ahvv wbi gymwjg bvix, cyil I wkK Pig eeiZvi mv_ nZv KiQ| Gi ga AbK MYnZvi
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 13

NUbv iqQ| mekl NUbv emwbqvq (Bosnia and Herzegovina) mve LvbMY KZK gymwjg nZvh| G nZvhi
AbK NUbvi ga AbZg mewbmvq (Srebrenica) MYnZv| GKvB agxq ciYvq Ges agxq wel I RvwZMZ
cwZwnsmvi wfwZ RvwZmN NvwlZ wbivc` Avkq RvwZmNi kvwix evwnbxi bvKi WMvq 1995 mvji RyjvB gvm
mve LvbMY mewbmvq 8,000 wbi Ahvv gymwjg hyeK, wKkvi I wkK wbggfve nZv Ki| mevcwi G MYnZvi
welq BDivc I AvgwiKvi cv_wgK Vvv cwZwqvi KviY evanq GKgv G-B h, NvZKMY wQj Lvb Avi wbnZiv wQj
gymjgvb| G welq GbKvUvi (The Bosnian War Crimes Investigations) wicvU ejv nqQ:
Although the ICTY's inquiry focuses on war crimes committed by the warring parties within Bosnia, it
has also raised serious questions among human rights observers about the role of the United States and other
Western powers. Specifically, did U.S. intelligence agencies have advance knowledge of the Bosnian Serb
attack on Srebrenica and fail to warn the United Nations (UN) forces guarding the city? Why were the U.S.
and other Western intelligence agencies slow in releasing evidence of Bosnian Serb war crimes during the
nearly four-year-long conflict? And why have Western officials in charge of enforcing the peace accord failed
to arrest the two men indicted by the ICTY for masterminding the Bosnian Serb campaign of ethnic
cleansingthe organized program of mass murder, rape, and destruction of homes and places of worship?
hwÌ AvB.wm.wU.IqvB (International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia)-Gi Z` g~jZ
emwbqvi hyiZ cwji hyciva DNvUbi Rb, Zv mI G UvBeybvj gvwKb hyiv Ges Abvb cvvZ kwi f~wgKv
om
mK gvbevwaKvi cheKì ga iZi wKQz ck Dvcb KiQ| weklZ, mewbmvq mveì Avgb mK
AwMg Kvbv Z_ wK gvwKb Mvq`v msvwji KvQ wQj? Zv mI wK Zviv G kni ivq wbqvwRZ RvwZmN evwnbxK
m Z_ mieivn KiZ e_ nqwQj? cvq Pvi eQi `xN msNvZi mgq evmwbqvq mveì hyvciva welqK Z_cgvYvw`
.c
cKvk KiZ hyiv I Abvb cwgv Mvq`v msvwj Ggb axiZv Aej^b Kij Kb? h mKj cwgv KgKZv kvw
st
Pzw evevqbi `vwqZ wQjb Zviv G MYnZv, MYalY I evwoNi I Dcvmbvjmg~ni asmhi g~j cwiKbvKvix bvqK
wnme AvBwmwUIqvB h `y ewK wPwZ KiwQj ZvìK MdZvi KiZ e_ njb Kb?
tru
(3) 2002 mvj RivU I K`xq miKvii ccvlKZvq Ges cywjki cZ mnvqZv Rw wn`yiv cvq `yB nvRvi
gymwjg bvix, cyil I wkK wbggfve nZv Ki, nvRvi nvRvi gymwjg bvixK alY Kiv nq I nvRvi nvRvi gymwjg
ah
bvMwiKì evwoNi I m` jyU Kiv nq|

(4) agwfwK mvmi AbZg NUbv AvBwik wicvewjKvb Avwgi (IRA) mvmx KgKv| ewUkì mv_
nn
AvBwikì kZv I weivwaZvi g~j Drm ag| ewUkMY cUvU I AvBwikMY Kv_wjK| BDivci BwZnvm cUvU
I Kv_wjKì gaKvi fqi hywj QvovI AbK MYnZvi NUbv mycwiwPZ| ZviB Ask wnme G `y `ki gvbyli
u
ga kZkZ eQii cywfyZ weli GKwU cKvk ewUk kvmbi wei ^vaxbZv jvfi Rb mvmx KgKv wj nIqv|
ss
jYxq h, Di Avqviji cUvUMY me`v ewUk kvmbi c _KQ Avi AvB. Avi. Gi mvm cwiPvwjZ nqQ
.a
AbK mgq G mKj AvBwik cUvUì wei| weklZ 1970 _K 2000 mvj ch AvBAviGi nZv, evgv
nvgjv, Mvwo evgv, evwYwRK K` evgv weviY BZvw` mvmx KgKv kZkZ emvgwiK wbi bvix, cyil I wk
w
wbnZ nqQb Ges AMwYZ gvbyl AvnZ nqQb|

w
(5) agwfwK I agxq mvmi AbZg D`vniY hvqbev`x (Zionist) Bn~`xì mvm| wdwjwb Bn~`x iv
w
cwZvi Rb Giv AMwYZ mvmx KgKv wj nqQ| agi bvg agxq iv cwZvi Rb mvm Ki Zviv AMwYZ wbi
gvbyl nZ KviQ Ges MYnZvq wj nqQ| G mKj mvmx KgKvi ga wQj gbvng ewMbi bZZ wKs WwfW
nvUj Dwoq Ìqv I wì Bqvwmb bvgK Mvgi wbi wbixn gvbylì MYnZv|
gbvng ewMbi bZZ 22 RyjvB 1946 mvj RiRvjgi wKs WwfW nvUj evgv nvgjv Pvwjq Bib hvwf
wjqvg (the Irgun Zvai Leumi: National Military Organization) bvgK Bn~`x mvmx Rw msMVb wbi
wk I gwnjv mn Avie, ewUk I Bn~`x kZvwaK wbi Ahvv gvbylK nZv Ki Ges Aviv AbK gvbyl AvnZ nq|
GbKvUv GbmvBKvcxwWqvi G NUbvK mevwaK cwm-RgKvjv mvmx NUbv (The most spectacular terrorist
incident) Ges wesk kZvxi fqiZg mvmx NUbv (the most deadly terrorist incidents of the 20th
century) ej AvLvwqZ Kiv nqQ| G mvmx gbvng ewMb cieZxKvj BmivBji cavbgx nqQ Ges ZvK kvw
Z bvej cvBR Ìqv nqQ|
wì Bqvwmbi eei nZvKvi wb`vvcb Ki AvjevU AvBbvBb Ges 18 Rb wewk Bn~`x wbDBqK UvBgm wPwV
wjLb 4 wWmî 1948| G wPwVZ Zviv ejb: Avie Mvg wì Bqvwmb-G Zvì (gbvng ewMb I Zvi `ji) AvPib
G cvwUi wbggZvi GK `q we`viK `v| cavb moK _K `~i Bn~`x f~wg ewZ GB Mvgevmx Kvb hy AeZxY nq wb
eis Avii Mvxiv hviv GB MvgK Zvì NuvwU wnme eenvi KiZ PqwQj Zvì Zviv Zvwoq w`qQ| mvmx `j 9
Gwcj GB kvwKvgx Mvgevmxi Dci Avgb Ki| Giv KvbvfveB hyi cqvRb Kvbv mvgwiK j wQj bv| GB
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 14

nvgjvq Mvgi AwaKvsk Awaevmx (240 Rb) wbnZ nb, Ges RiRvjgi ivvq e`x wnme nwUq wbq hvIqvi Rb
Zvì KqKRbK euvwPq ivLv nq| ... mvmxiv GB eeivwPZ NUbvi Rb jwZ nIqv Zv `~ii K_v, GB bvviRbK
NUbvq Zviv Meeva Ki I GwU evcKfve cPvi Ki Ges `k DcwZ mKj we`kx msev` msvK wì Bqvwmb-G
Zvì KZ asmh I jvki c `Lvi AvgY Rvbvq|8
Gic agwfwK mvmi AMwYZ D`vniY Avgiv mgKvjxb BwZnvm `LZ cvB| G mKj NUbvK mvmx I
bvviRbK NUbv ej AbK ^xKvi KiQb I KiQb| wK KLbvB G mKj mvmx KgKvi Rb mvmxì agK
`vqx Kiv nq wb| hwÌ G mKj mvmx Kg GKvB agxq ciYvq, agxq wel ev agMi evYxK wfw Ki Kiv nqQ,
ZeyI KLbvB Zvì welq Lvb mvmx, Kv_wjK mvmx, cUvU mvmx, A_vW mvmx, wn`y mvmx, Bn~`x mvmx
ev Abyic wKQz ejv nq bv| eis Zvì RvwZ, Mvx ev Abvb cwiPqK Zzj aiv nq| mevcwi KLbvB Zvì mvmx ev
gvbeZv weivax KgKvi Rb Zvì agK `vqx Kiv nq bv|
mvm D`hvcbI Kiv nQ| 1946 mvj wKs WwfW nvUji G mvmx NUbvi 60 elc~wZ BmvBj NUv Ki
D`hvcb Kiv nq| 2006 Gi RyjvB gvm Bmvqj iv ckvmb I RbMY G mvmx NUbvi 60 ermi c~wZ Dcj Rqx
Drme cvjb Ki| G welq fviZi RvZxq `wbK w` wn`yi 24/7/2006 ZvwiLi AbjvBb msiY mvm D`hvcb:
BmivBjx vBj (Celebrating Terror, Israeli-style) ce wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| 9
AbKB Gic MYnZv I mvm D`hvcbi wb`v KiQb, wK KDB GRb Bn~`x ag, agxq wkv ev agMK
om
`vqx Kib wb| wK Bn~`x ivi eei mvm I MYnZvi cwZev` Ab Kvbv Dcvq bv cq hLb Kvbv wdwjwbx
mvmi c_ eQ bq ZLb Zvi mvmK Bmjvgx mvm I ZvK gymwjg mvmx ej DjL Kiv nq|
Dcii AvjvPbv _K Avgiv `LwQ h, Rwev` ev mvm mKj agi, `ki I gZv`ki gvbylì ga
.c
weivRgvb| G welq gymwjgì kqvi wbZvB mxwgZ| Avi Bn~`x, AvBwik, Rvgvb, mve, Zvwgj, Avmvgxq, gwbcyw i,
st
bcvjx, wZeZx, Pxbv, AvgwiKvb I Abvb mvmxì mvmi Rb hgb Bn~`x, Lvb, wn`y, e I Abvb ag `vqx
bq, Zgwb gymwjgì mvmi Rb KLbvB Zvi ag `vqx bq| Kviv Acivai Rb Zvi agK `vqx Kiv ay AcivaB bq,
tru
eis Zv Acivaxi c RbgZ Zwi Ki Ges Aciva `gb evavM Ki| Avgiv cieZx AbyQ` Zv AvjvPbv Kie, Bbkv
Avjvn|
ah
1. 4. AvjvwPZ wZxq KviY: Bmjvgx wkv

nn
weki avwgK ev AavwgK Kvbv gymwjgB Dchy gZvgZ mwVK ej gvbZ cvib bv| eis Zviv GK eveZv
weewRZ Ges welg~jK gZ ej wekvm Kib| Zuviv Abyf e Kib h, hw` Bmjvg agB Rwevì Rb `vqx nZv Ze
u
Avgiv mKj gymwjgB Avgvì ga Rwevì AvMn ev ciYv Abyfe KiZvg| gymwjg cwievi ev mgvR jvwjZ cvwjZ
ss
mKj avwgK ev AavwgK gymwjgB Bmjvg mK Kgewk wKQz wkv cwievi, cwZvb ev mgvR _K cqQb| wK
KLbvB Zviv Agymwjg ev Abvb gZvej^xì cwZ AmwnyZvi wkv cvb wb| mKj gymwjg mgvRB gymwjgMY
.a
Agymwjgì mv_ mnv` I mxwZi mv_ emevm Ki AvmQb| KvRB Rwevì Rb Bmjvg KLbv `vqx nZ cvi
w
bv| mgmv _vKj Ab Kv_vI iqQ, Bmjvgi ga bq| Zuviv A^xKvi Kib bv h, wKQz gymwjg mvmi mv_ RvwoZ|
Ze Zviv KLbvB ^xKvi Kib bv h, Zvì ag Zvì mvmi Rb `vqx| eis G mKj mvmxi ewMZ wevw,
w
gvbwmK wezZv, mvgvwRK AbvPvi ev Ab Kvbv KviY Gi wcQb KvhKi|

w
Gì AbKB gb Kib h, Rwevì Dvbi Rb g~jZ `vqx Bmjvgx wkv ev gv`vmv wkvi cmvi| Rwevì
wevi gv`vmv wkvi G `vwqZi cKwZ wbYq G mKj cwZi ga gZf` iqQ| Avgiv AvMB `LwQ h, c_g I
wZxq kYxi Agymwjg cvwZMYI Bmjvgx wkvKB g~jZ Rwevì Dvbi Rb `vqx KiQb| Ze `vwqZi cKwZ
wbYq Zvì ga Ges Zvì mv_ gymwjg cwZì wewfbZv iqQ| KD gb KiQb hnZz Bmjvgi gaB
Rwevì wkv iqQ, mnZz Bmjvgx agZvwK wkvi cmvi gvbB Rwevì cmvi| hZ ewk KziAvb, nv`xm, wdK&n
BZvw` agZvwK wkv cmvi jvf Kie, ZZB ewk wRnv`x gbvfve, Ab ag I gZi cwZ Amwny gbvfve I
gvjvZvwK (theocratic) îvPvix miKvi RbMYi Dci Pvwcq Ìqvi gbvfve cmvi jvf Kie| GRb Bmjvgx
wkv ev Bmjvgi agZvwK wkvi cmvi ivaB Rvwev` `gbi cavb Dcvq|
Ab AbK gb Kib h, Bmjvgi ga g~jZ Rwev` I mvmi Kvbv vb bB, Ze Bmjvgx wkvi cwZvb
ev gv`vmvwjZ BmjvgK fyjfve Dcvcb Kiv nQ| A_ev Gwji cvVg I cvVm~Px BmjvgK Rwev`x ic`vbi
mnvqK| A_ev Bmjvgx AveMi Aceenvi Ki G mKj cwZvbi Qv-wkKìK mnRB RwZ icvwiZ Kiv
hvq| KD gb KiQb, Bmjvgx wkv eev I cwZvb mwVKfveB Bmjvgi wkv c`vb KiQ, Ze meZ wkv eev
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 15

I cwZvbi mvgwMK cwqvi ga wKQz wU iqQ, h KviY Gwj Rwevì mv_ RwoZ nq wMqQ| Gì gZ
gv`vmv wkv eevi msviB Rwev` ivai Dcvq|
Bmjvgx Rwevì Rb Bmjvg-K `vqx Kij hgb gymwjgMY nZevK, wewZ, ew_Z ev DwRZ nq Gic
gZK welg~jK ej gb Kib, Bmjvgx wkv ev gv`vmvi mv_ RwoZ gvbylivI G wZxq gZwUi welq GKBic weq,
e_v ev DRbv Abyfe Kib|
Zuviv Abyfe Kib h, hw` Bmjvgx wkv ev gv`vmv wkvB Rwevì Rb `vqx nZv Ze Avgiv gv`vmvi mKj Qv
wkK Avgvì ga Rwevì AvMn ev ciYv Abyfe KiZvg| wK cKZ Aev KLbvB Zv bq| mvm, nZv I asmi
cwZ mePq ewk NYv I weivwaZv Abyfe KiQb G mKj cwZvb _K ewiq Avmv Avwjg, Bgvg I cxi-gvkvBL|
weMZ cvq AvovB kZ ermi ai gv`vmv wkv eev Dcgnv`k Pvjy iqQ Ges g~jZ GKB cvVg I cvVm~Px AbymiY
Ki PjQ| GQvov Abyic cwZi AMwYZ gv`vmv gvjqwkqv I Abvb gymwjg `k iqQ| Gwj _K ei nq Avmv
AMwYZ gvbyl mgvRi wewfb i KvR KiQb| BwZnvmi Kvbv chvqB Zuviv mvmi Rb `b wb| Zuviv A^xKvi
Kib bv h, wKQz gv`vmv Qv-wkK G Acivai mv_ RvwoZ| Ze Zviv KLbvB wekvm Kib bv h, Zvì wkv
cwZvb ev wkv-eev Zvì G Acivai Rb `vqx| eis Zv Zvì ewMZ wevw|
G mKj gv`vmvwkwZ gvbyl Dchy cvwZ-eywRxexìK Bmjvgxwkv welx ev gv`vmv welx ej gb Ki
_vKb| Ze Avgvi KvQ gb nq Bmjvgx Rwevì Rb Bmjvg ag-K `vqx Kiv Ges Bmjvgx wkv-K `vqx Kiv
om
Dfq gZi wcQb AZv GKwU eo KviY| cvvZ Agymwjg cwZMY hgb Kvbv Kvbv gymwjgK mvmx Kg wj
`L mvmxi agK `vqx KiQb, Zgwb AbK Kvbv Kvbv gv`vmv wkwZK mvm wj `L mvmxi wkvK `vqx
KiQb| G mKj cwZi AbKB gv`vmv wkv eev, cvVg, cvVm~Px I gv`vmvi Qv I wkKì ewMZ I
.c
mvgvwRK KgKvi mv_ cwiwPZ bb| wewfb msev` gvag _K Zuviv RvbZ cvib h, gv`vmvwjZ Rwev`xì AvLov
st
Ges gv`vmvi Qv-wkKMY Rw Kvhg wj| G_K Zviv wmv DcbxZ nb h, Bmjvgx wkv ev gv`vmv wkvB g~jZ
tru
Rwevì Dvb I wevii Rb `vqx|
G welq AvwiK ee w`q GKRb wjLQb: "It is a fact that some of the Madrasha students have
got involved with what is called 'Islamic' militancy.... Though Madrasha education may not be
ah
held rresponsible for these most unwanted activities, yet there are some loopholes and it is time to
think about bringing Madrasha education into the mainstream".
nn
G K_v eve mZ h, KwZcq gv`vmv Qv Z_vKw_Z Bmjvgx Rwev` m nq coQ| hwÌ gv`vmv wkv
meZ G mKj AZxe wb`bxq KgKvi Rb `vqx bq, ZeyI gv`vmv wkvq wKQz duvKdvKi iqQ Ges gv`vmv wkvK
u
g~javivq wbq Avmvi wPv Kivi GLbB mgq|10

ss
wbtm`n jLK gv`vmv-welx bb| Zuvi AvwiKZv ckskbxq| wZwb ejQb, KwZcq gv`vmv Qvi Bmjvgx
.a
Rwev` m nIqvi Rb gv`vmv wkv meZ `vqx bv njI wkv eevi duvKdvKi `vqx| wZwb Rvbb h,
KwZcq gv`vmv Qvi cvkvcvwk AbK AbK zj-KjR I wekwe`vjq QvI Z_vKvw_Z Bmjvgx Rwevì mv_
w
m| wK jLK GRb mvaviY wkv meZ `vqx bv njI mvaviY wkv eevi duvKdvKi-K `vqx ej
w
AwfhvM KiQb bv| Gi KviY Kx!

w
meZ Gi KviY njv gv`vmv wkv mK Zvi AZv| wZwb mvaviY wkv eevq jLvcov wkLQb| wZwb
Rvbb h, mvaviY wkveevq Rwev` wkv Ìqv nq bv| KvRB mvaviY wkvq wkwZ nq hviv Rwev` RwoZ
nQ Zvì AcKgi Rb Zvì wkveevK ev wkveevi duvKdvKiK `vqx Kivi Kvbv ck Zvi gb Avm wb|
wK wZwb gv`vmv wkv eev mK Rvbb bv| meZ wZwb gv`vmvi Qv-wkKì welq myaviYv cvlY Kib|
GRb wZwb gb Kib h, meZ Gì Abvqi Rb Gì wkveev `vqx bq| Ze wZwb Abygvbi DciB wbwZ
wmv w`Qb h, GLvb wKQz duvKdvKi iqQ|
Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, Kvbv Acivaxi Acivai Rb Zvi ag, wkv, wkv cwZvb, cwievi BZvw` mvaviYZ `vqx
nq bv| Z`ycwi Avwg GLvb wbgi welqwj weePbv KiZ cvVKK Abyiva KiwQ|
(1) Avgvì mgvRi j j `ybxwZevR KgKZv, KgPvix, ivRbxwZwe`, wPwKrmK, cKkjx, wkK mKjB
Avgvì `ki RvZxq wkv eev I wewfb mycwiwPZ wkv cwZvb _K wkv cv| Gì `ybxwZi Rb KDB Zvì
wkveev ev wkv cwZvbK `vqx Kib bv| KviY Zvì `ybxwZi wei hviv cwZev` Kib ZvivI GKB wkveev I
cwZvb _K wkv cv| Zuviv fvj KiB Rvbb h, RvZxq wkveevq ev G mKj wkv cwZvb `ybxwZ wkv Ìqv
nq bv| KvRB `ybxwZevRi `ybxwZi Rb Zvi ewMZ jvf, mvgvwRK AbvPvi, AvBbi kvmbi AbycwwZ BZvw`B `vqx;
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 16
Zvi wkv eev ev wkv cwZvb bq| GRb Kvbv A ev gv`vmv wkwZ gvbyl `ybxwZi cmvii Rb AvaywbK
wkveev ev wkv cwZvb `vqx ej ge Kij ev Wvviì KmvBmyjf AvPiYi Rb gwWKj KjRwj `vqx
ej ge Kij wkwZ gvbyliv ZvK gyL ev wbeva ejB gb Kieb| (Ze KwZcq gv`vmv wkwZ Rwi Rb gv`vmv
wkvK `vqx KivK gyLZv ev wbeywZv ej MY bv Ki cMwZkxjZv, cvZv I eywRxweZv ej gb Kieb Zvì
AbKB|)
(2) Abyicfve Avgvì `ki AbK menvivi ivRZi bvg mvmKg wj| Giv Avgvì RvZxq wkv
eevi Aaxb wkv jvf KiQb| wK KDB ejeb bv h, Gì NY Kgi Rb Zvì wkv eev, wkv cwZvb ev
mgvRZvwK Av`k `vqx|
(3) fviZ, evsjv`k I weki Abvb AbK `k AbK gvbyl MYZvwK cwqvq mgvRZ I mvgev` cwZvi
Pv KiQb| Avevi Gì cvkvcvwk AbK `k AbK gvbyl Pigcv, mvm, nZv ev Rw KgKvi gvag GKB
Av`k evevqbi Pv KiQb| Zviv _vbv, nvmcvZvj BZvw` Avgb KiQb, nZv I jyUZivR KiQb, wewfb Rbc`
Avgb Ki MYnZv ev MY-jyUcvU KiQb| G mKj gvKev`x, gvIev`x, mgvRZx ev mvgev`x-ì Acivai
Rb KLbv KD Zvì ag ev Av`kK `vqx Kib bv| GgbwK Gì KgKv g~javivi mvgev`x, mgvRZx,
gvKev`x ev gvIev`x-MY jwZ nb bv ev ZvìK KD `vqxI Kib bv|
(4) gvbevwaKvi, MYZ BZvw` gnvb Av`k cwZvi Rb gvwKb ckvmb BivKi wei hy cwiPvjbv KiQb| G
om
hy j j gvbe mvb Rxeb I m` nvwiqQb| Zviv wbwePvi evgv gi nvRvi nvRvi wbiciva gvbyli
MYnZvh wj nqQb Ges m` asm KiQb Ges Gici KqKkZ Kz`xK nZvi Aciva Zviv mvvg nvmbi
.c
wePvi KiQb| BivKx, Avie, gymwjg I weki h Kvbv `k I agi kvwKvgx gvbyli `wZ G ivxq mvm gvbeZvi
wei KwVbZg Aciva| GLvb GKRb wez BivKx, Avie ev gymjgvb G Acivai Rb Lag, MYZ ev
st
AvgwiKvb mfZv-K `vqx Ki ge KiZ cvib; KviY cwmWU eyk I Zvi mnKgxe` wekvmx I agcivqY Lvb,
tru
AvgwiKvb mfZvi mvb I MYZi aviK-evnK| wK Kvbv Lvb, AvgwiKvb, MYZcwgK ev Kvbv GKRb cv
cwZ G gZi mv_ GKgZ neb bv| Zviv GK AZv cm~Z cjvc ejB gb Kieb| KviY Zviv Rvbb h, Lag,
ah
MYZ ev AvgwiKvb mfZv KvbvwUi Gic nZvh, ivxq mvm I jyUZivR wkv `q bv ev mg_b Ki bv| gvwKb
ckvmb hv KiQb Zv eZgvb bZeì Abvq, GRb Zvì ag, Av`k ev mfZv `vqx bq|
nn
(5) Bmjvgx wkv ev gv`vmv wkvi welqwUI GKB| XvKv wekwe`vjq _K wkv jvf Kiv gvbylì `ybxwZ ev
mvmi Rb wekwe`vjqK `vqx Kij hgb wekwe`vjqi mr I bxwZevb Qvì KvQ Zv cvMjvwg ej gb nq,
u
Zgwbfve gv`vmv wkwZ KwZcq gvbyli mvmi Rb gv`vmv wkvK `vqx KijI gv`mv wkv eevi mv_ RwoZ
ss
mvaviY gvbylì KvQ cvMjvwg ejB gb nq|

(6) eZgvb mvmx KgKv gv`vmv wkwZì mw i g~j welqwUI weeP| Avgiv `LwQ h, mvm wj ew
.a
wbRi ag ev Av`kK eenvi Kib| `kcg I MYZi bvg mvmi gvbyli `kcg I MYZvwK Abyf~wZi
w
Aceenvi (exploit) Kiv nq| GfveB AvgwiKvi MYZcwgK I gvbevwaKviev`x gvbyliv cwmWU eykK gvU
w`qQb AvZiv I MYZ cwZvi Rb BivKi wbixn wbiciva gvbylì ga nZvh Pvjvbvi|
w
^fveZB Bmjvgi bvg mvm Bmjvgx AbyfywZK eenvi (exploit) Kiv nqQ I nQ| GZ Kvbv Kvbv
w
BmjvgcwgK mij gvbyl cZvwiZ nQb| gv`vmvq cov Kvbv gvbyl Gic cZviYvi wkKvi nZ cvib bv Gic `vwe
KDB Kib bv| eis GUvB ^vfvweK h, MYZi bvg mvm hgb MYZ-cwgKiv cZvwiZ nQb, mvgev` ev
mgvRZi bvg mvm hgb mvgev`x ev mgvRZxi cZvwiZ nQb, Zgwb Bmjvgi bvg mvm Bmjvg cwgK
gv`vmv Qviv ewk cZvwiZ ne| wK cKZ Aev Gi wecixZ| Rwiv nqZ Zvì KgKv cwiPvjbvi Rb wbRiv
Kvbv gv`vmv ev gmwR` cwZv KiQ| wK Zvi A_ G bq h, cwZwZ gv`vmvwj ev gv`vmv wkwZ gvbyliv `j
`j G mKj mvmx KgKv hvM`vb KiQb| evsjv`k Bmjvgx mvm bvgK Rwevì mv_ m _vKvi AwfhvM
Awfhyì ga gv`vmv wkwZi msLv LyeB Kg, kZKiv 5 fvMI bq, evKx 95 fvM mvaviY wkvq wkwZ|
wewfb c-cwKvi Z_ _K Rvbv hvq h, evsjv`k Rw ZrciZvi Dbl _K AvR ch Rw ZrciZvq
RwoZ _vKvi AwfhvM hmKj gvbyl Awfhy nqQb ev kvw cqQb Zvì AwaKvskB mvaviY wkvq wkwZ ev zj,
KjR I wekwe`vjq cov| 241wU gvgjvq AvUK 506 Rwi cwiPq weklY Ki gv 3/4 kZvsk gv`vmvq cov ej
Rvbv hvq| weUb, Awjqv, AvgwiKv I weki Abvb `k Rw KgKvi AwfhvM Awfhyì ZvwjKv `LjI
Avgiv GKB mZ Abyaveb Kwi|
(7) msev` gvagi msev` AZ fqi welq| Gic msev`, MYgvagxq MelYv-ce I chvjvPbvi Dci wbfi
Ki AvgwiKvi RbMY wbwZ wekvm KiwQj h, mvvg nvmbi KvQ MYweasmx gviYv iqQ, hv AvgwiKvi ^vaxbZv
I mvefgZi Rb fqi gwK| Avi GRbB Zviv GKevK cwmWU eykK BivK hyi AbygwZ w`qwQjb| AvR
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 17

j j gvbe mvbi i Sivbv Ges Ag~j gvbexq mì asmjxjvi ci mevB RvbZ cvijb I ^xKvi Kijb
h, Gic Kvbv A KvbvKvjB mLvb wQj bv|
msev` gvagi KviYB GLbv mevB Rvbjb bv h, Gic A _vKjI Kvbv w`bB BivK AvgwiKvi ^vaxbZv ev
wbivcvi gwK nZ cviZ bv| ay Bmivqj ivi ^v_ivi RbB G MYnZv| msev` gvagi KviYB Gwkqvi mybvwg
gnv msev` cwiYZ nq, wK dvjyRvi MYnZv I gnvasm Kvbv msev`B nq bv|
GRb MYgvagi msev` ev Z_i Dci wbfi Kiv Zv `~ii K_v, mycwkwZ BUwjRxi mywbwZ wicvUi
Dci wbfi KivI KwVb| G mKj Z_i evBi eve Aevi w`K `w w`j Avgiv `LZ cvB h, Avgvì `ki
AvbvP KvbvP AMwYZ gv`vmv Qwoq iqQ| G mKj gv`vmvi KgKv mewKQzB mKj gvbyli Rb Dby| Gwji Qv
wkK mKjB mgvRi mv_ wewfbfve Rwoq iqQb| Gì ga Kvbv mvmxi AwZ Avgiv cvB bv| gv`vmv wkwZ
h mKj gvbyl Rwevì mv_ RwoZ nqQb ej Avgiv bZ cvwQ Zvì AvbycvwZK nvi zj-wkwZ gvbylì Pq
AbK AbK Kg|
KD ejZ cvib h, hwÌ Rw KgKv mvaviY wkwZì mZv ewk, Ze Giv gv`vmv wkwZì cPviYvi
wkKvi| hw` mì ga AZ 50% gv`vmv wkwZ nZv ZvnjI nqZ ejv hZ h, Aewk 50% Zvì cPviYvi
wkKvi| wK Avgiv `LwQ h, cKZ Aev Zvi wecixZ| eZ Rw KgKv wj 5% gv`vmv wkwZB mvaviY wkvq
wkwZ gydZx I iì cPviYvi wkKvi|
om
cieZx AvjvPbvq Avgiv `Le h, mvaviY wkveevq wkwZ AbK gvbyl Bmjvgx MelYv I Kg i Ki
AveMx I evgv-dvUvbv ecweK Z Avwevi KiZ i Kib| MZvbyMwZK AvwjgìK Giv AhvM, `vjvj I `yej
Cgvb ej AvLvwqZ Kib| Zvì ziavi hyw I AvaywbK Z_mg ee AbK gv`vmv wkwZKI AvK Ki| Rw
.c
KgKvi wcQb Gì Ae`vbB ewk| mvaviY wkwZ I gv`vmv wkwZ mKjB Gì viv cfvweZ|
st
KziAvbi h mKj AvqvZi gbMov evLv w`q Giv gvbylì cZvwiZ Ki mwji cKZ A_ ev cvcU Kvbv
tru
Kvbv gv`vmv-wkwZi Rvbv _vK Ges Giv G mKj welq AvwjgìK ck KiZ Pv Ki| GRb gv`vmv-wkwZì
Pq mvaviY-wkwZ ev AwkwZì cfvweZ I cZvwiZ Kiv Gì Rb mnRZi| GRbB Rw KgKv mvaviY wkwZ
ev AwkwZì mw ewk|
ah
evsjv`k weMZ KqK ermi Rwev` weivax AbK Awfhvb Pvjvbv nqQ| AbK gvbyl AvUK Kiv nqQ I
AbK A Dvi Kiv nqQ| wK Kvbv cwZwZ I cwiwPZ gv`vmv _K A Dvi ev MdZvii GKwU iKWI bB|
nn
WvKvZ ev mvmxiv mbvevwnbx ev cywjki cvkvK eenvi Kij hgb mbvevwnbx ev cywjkevwnbxK `vqx Kiv hvq bv,
Zgwb Kvbv mvmx Kvbv vb gmwR` ev gv`vmv bvg Kvbv GKwU cwZvb cwZv Ki mLvb A ivLj ev gv`K
u
eemv Kij mRb gv`vmv wkv eevK `vqx Kiv hvq bv| weklZ gv`vmv wkvi mv_ RwoZì Zv Kvbvic gZv
ss
ev AwaKvi bB h, gv`vmv bvg hv wKQz cwZv Kiv nQ Zv Z`viwK Kieb|

.a
(8) Rwevì mv_ gv`vmvK m Ki hviv Avgvì `k wewfb gZvgZ e Kib Zvì eo `yejZv evQ-
wePvi QvovB cvvZ ev we`kx cwZì gZvgZ AvIovb| cKZ welq njv Rw Zwii wekl DkB AvdMvwbvb
w
I cvwKvb gvwKb hyiv I cvwKvb miKvii cZ g`` AbK gv`vmv cwZwZ nqQ |
w
eZ ivRbwZK ^v_ Dvii Rb cvwKvb miKvi me`v Bmjvgx Abyf~wZi Aceenvi KiQ| Kvwki wRnv` I
w
Abvb BmyZ miKvi, mbvevwnbx ev Gwji Amsv AbK Avwjg I gv`vmvK eenvi KiQ| ZvìK A c `vb Kiv
nqQ Ges gq`vb hy KiZ Drmvn Ìqv nqQ| ^fveZB G wRnvì ciYv eenvi Kiv nqQ| cieZx
cwiQ` Avgiv `Le h, Bmjvg wRnv` ea nIqvi GKwU kZ njv ivxq wbqY wRnv` cwiPvwjZ nIqv| GRb
^fveZB gv`vmvi Qv-wkKMY Gic wRnv` AskMnY AbycvwYZ nqQb| Avi GKevi hviv Ai fvlv AvqZ Kib
Zvi memgqB Ai fvlvq K_v ejZ Pvb|
1979 Lv AvdMvwbvb mvwfqU AvMvmb I Avwjgì bZZ AvdMvb RbMYi cwZiva gvwKb hyivi
Rb myeY myhvM Gb `q| AvdMvb cwZiva hvvìK A_ I A Ìqv QvovI mviv wek _K gyRvwn` msMn, A_vqb
I Avqbi KvR hyiv fvjfveB Ki| evsjv`k, fviZ, cvwKvb, mw` Avie I Abvb `k _K avwgK gvbylì
ev gv`vmvi QvìK AvdMvb hy AskMnYi eev Kiv nq| cvwKvb I AvdMvwbvb Gì Zveavb AbK gv`vmv
cwZv Kiv nq| mg_bcy G mKj gyRvwn` hyivi cqvRbi cwieZb nIqvi mv_ mv_ Rw ej cwiMwYZ
njb| hyiv hZw`b Gì gyRvwn`, cwZiva-hvv ev gywhvv ejQ ZZw`b Avgvì eywRxexivI GìK ZvB
ejQb| Avevi hLb _K hyiv GìK Rw ejZ i Kij Avgvì eywRxexivI Zv ejZ i Kijb| mevcwi
gvwKbxì Zvj Zvj mKj `ki gv`vmv wkv eevK Rw ZrciZvi mv_ hy Kijb|
(9) Kb BD-Uvb Kij gvwKb hyiv I Zvi mv_xiv? c_gZ Zvì cqvRb wgU hvIqvi KviY| wZxqZ Zvì
cieZx cqvRb gUvbvi Rb| Zvì c_g cqvRb wQj wfqZbvg hy civRqi cwZkva bIqv I mvwfqU
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 18

BDwbqbK civwRZ Kiv| gyRvwn`-ì gvag m cqvRb gUvbvi ci gyRvwnìv RwZ cwiYZ njb|
Zvì cieZx cqvRb BmjvgK wbqY Kiv| mvwfqU BDwbqb, mvgev` I mgvRZi wei meMvmx
cPvivwfhvb I hyvwfhvb Pvwjq Zvi cZb NUvbvi ci hyiv Bmjvg-K gvwKb mvgvRevì mePq eo k
wnme MY Ki| Ze me`v mvgvRev`xiv Zvì ee AwZ myì fvlvq e Kib| Bmjvg mvgvRev`x AvMvmbi
cab k GK_v bv ej Zviv ejb Bmjvg cvvZ mfZv, MYZ ev gvbevwaKvii cavb k, GKmgq hgb
mgvRZ I mvwfqU BDwbqb wQj cvvZ mfZv, MYZ I gvbevwaKvii A_vr mvgvRev`x AvMvmvbi cavb k|
Zviv `Ljb h, BmjvgK `vbe-ic wPwZ Kivi Rb Zvì Zwi G mKj gyRvwn`-K RwZ icvwi Kiv LyeB
KvhKi c`c|
(10) hyiv hfve Kvwiqv, Rvgvvbx I Abvb `k `Lj Ki, m`k RvZxq miKvi cwZv Ki Z_vq
Aevbi I AvwacZ Kivi myhvM cqQ wVK Zgwbfve BivK I AvdMvwbvb `Lj Ki G mKj `k MYZ I
RvZxq miKvi cwZv Ki G mKj `k Zvì Aevb I AvwacZ wPivqx KiZ cvie ej aviYv KiwQj| wK ev
ve Zv NU wb| MYZ, RvZxq miKvi, AvaywbK Rxebhvv, cvvZ wkvi myhvM BZvw` Kvbv wKQzi wewbgqB G mKj
`ki RbMY hyivi I Zvi mnhvMxì Aevb I AvwacZ gb wbZ ivwR nQb bv| evnZ Gi GKwUB KviY; Zv
nj Bmjvg| Bmjvgx Abyf~wZ, ^vZeva I AveM we`gvb _vKv ch G mKj `k Ges weki Ab Kvbv gymwjg
`k mvgvRev`xì Aevb I AvwacZ wbivc` bq| Avi Bmvjvgx wekvm, ^vZeva I AveM wbg~j ev wbqY KiZ
om
gv`vmv wkv wbqYi Kvbv weK bB|
(11) mvgvRev`xiv Lye fvjfve j KiQb, h Kvbv `k Zvì AvMvmb I AvwacZi wei mePq ewk
mvPvi mvgev`x ev evgcx Ges Bmjvgcx-MY| Avi Bmjvgcx-ìK wbgyj ev `yej KiZ Rwev` I
.c
gv`vmvwkv weivax cPviYv AZ KvhKi| gv`vmv wkvq Rw Zwi bv njI avwgK gymwjg Zwi nq| Giv
st
AvwacZ I AvMvmbi wei mvPvi nb| BivK, Bivb, evsjv`k, gvjqwkqv, B`vbwkqv, cvwKvb I Abvb mKj
tru
`ki Zj, Mvm, LwbRm` BZvwì BRviv ev `Lj wbZ Ges G mKj `k AvwacZ wevi KiZ cavb evav G mKj
avwgK gvbyl| Gì AvwaK Zvì Dk mvab evav nq ùvove Ges Gì `yejZv I ^Zv Zvì Dk c~eYi c_
ah
Lyj è| avwgK gvbylìK mvaviY gvbylì PvL nq KiZ Ges avwgK gvbyl Zwii c_ iva KiZ gv`vmv wkv
e Kivi Kvbv weK bB| GRbB Zviv Rwevì ayqv Zzj gv`vmv wkvi wei Aevb wbqQb| hwÌ Zvì Rvbv
nn
_vKvi K_v h, Zvì Zwi gv`vmvwj Ges Zvì viv cfvweZMY Qvov Kvbv gv`vmv _K Rw Zwi nq bv|
(12) wbicfve cwiPvwjZ h Kvbv MelYv cgvY Kie h, Rwevì mv_ G`ki KIgx ev Avwjqv gv`vmv
u
wkwZ gvbylì mw LyeB Kg| GQvov Abvb mKj `ybxwZ I Acivai mv_ Gì mw GKeviB Kg| hZzK,
ss
gv`KZv, gv`K cvPvi, Pzwi-WvKvwZ, Lyb-mvm BZvw` mKj Aciva RwoZ gvbylì welq gvV chvq MelYv KijB Zv
RvbZ cvieb| `ki RbmsLvi ga gv`vmv wkwZì AvbycvwZK nvi mK Kvbv wbfihvM cwimsLvb Avgvì
.a
Rvbv bB| Ze MZ KqK ermii gvawgK I DPgvawgK I `vwLj I Avwjg cixvq cixv_xì AvbycvwZK nvii
cvkvcvwk KIgx gv`vmvi Qvì hvM Kij mvaviYfve Abygvb Kiv hvq h, wkwZ ev ^vi gvbylì ga Kgewk
w
15% gvbyl gv`vmv wkwZ| wK Dcii h Kvbv Aciva RwoZì ga 2% ev 1% fvM gv`vmv wkwZ gvbylI cvIqv
w
hve bv ejB cZxqgvb nq|

w
(13) gv`vmv wkvi agxq I bwZK wfwi KviY G wkvq wkwZì ga `ybxwZ, Aciva, gv`KZv, gv`K cvPvi
I Abvb mKj Acivai cwZ NYv I Avcw we`gvb _vK| GRb Zvì AwaKvsk G mKj Aciva _K `~i _vKvi
cvkvcvwk G mKj Aciva weivax gvbwmKZv ZwiZ mnvqZv Kib| G Qvov ^fveZB Zviv AkxjZv, envqvcbv, ewfPvi,
Ryqv, g` BZvwì wei Aevb MnY Kib| h Kvbv `kcwgK bvMwiKi `wZ Gwj `kMovi c AZ
iZc~Y welq| Ze hviv evwYwRK ev Ab Kvbv ^v_ G mKj Aciva ev AbvPvii cmvi Kvgbv Kib Zvì `wZ
gv`vmv wkwZ gvbyliv Zvì cavb evav|
(14) eZ Bmjvgx wkv I gv`vmv wkvi mcmviYB Rw `gbi AbZg Dcvq| KviY mwVK Bmjvgx vb _vKj
ZvK Bmjvgi bvg wev Kiv me nq bv| G ch evsjv`k Mvq`v wicvU Abymvi hZwj Rw `ji ZvwjKv
Kiv nqQ, hZ Rw MdZvi Kiv nqQ ev ZvwjKvfy Kiv nqQ Zvì wkvMZ hvMZvi w`K GKevi ZvKjB h
KD wbwZ neb h, Gì AwaKvskB mvaviY wkvq wkwZ| Dci Gì AwaKvskB gv`vmv wkwZ ev AvwjgMYi
Nvi weivax| Zviv AvwjgìK `vjvj, AvcvlKvgx I A ej cPvi Ki Ges Zvì AbymvixìK Avwjgì mv_
wgkZ wbla Ki| ay Zvì gZi mv_ h Avwjgi gZ wgj hvq Zvi cksmv Ki| Gì agxq AveMi mv_ mwVK
agxq vb bv _vKvi KviY Gì ga DMZv Rb wbqQ ev ecb Kiv nqQ| Gì ga wKQz gvbyl iqQ hviv A
wKQzw `b gv`vmvq coQ| GìI AveM Zwi nqQ, wK vb AwRZ nq wb|
mwVK Bmjvgx vb bv _vKvB Rwevì i covi g~j KviY| eZ agxq Abyf~wZ gvbyli RbMZ mnRvZ
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 19

Abyf~wZ| mvbi cwZ mn, wcZvgvZvi cwZ fvjevmv, mì gvn, AvZcg BZvwì gZB agxq Abyf~wZ gvbyli
mnRvZ Abyf~wZ| G mKj Abyf~wZK wbg~j Kiv hvq bv| GK mwVK LvZ cevwnZ KivB gvbeZvi KjvYi GKgv c_|
Bmjvg mK AveM I fvjevmvi cvkvcvwk mwVK vb bv _vKj mnRB GKRb gvbylK wev Kiv me|
(15) Rwev` Avgvì `ki GKwU mgmv| Gi cvkvcvwk Avgvì mgmwji AbZg njv, mvm, Puv`vevwR,
cvwievwiK ev mvgvwRK mwnsmZv, hZzK, GwmW, `ybxwZ, alY, AcniY, Lyb-Lvivwe, bwZK g~jevai Aeq, gv`Kvmw
BZvw`| Kejgv bxwZK_v ev e`j hvIqvi Drmvn w`q G mKj Aciva ev Aeq KLbvB iva Kiv hvq bv| eZ
ggZeva, `vwqZeva I bwZK Abyf~wZi mv_ fq I jvf-B gvbylK Aciva I Aeq _K iv KiZ cvi|
cwZkvai nv, m`, gZv ev kwi jvf I Abyic ccew gvbylK `Z I bM` ^v_ nvwmji Rb `yb xwZ I
wnsmZvq Dy Ki| fq I jvfB Zvi bM` cvwi nv wbqY Ki| G fq I jvfi wZbwU chvq: (1) wbRi
weeKi KvQ bw`Z ev wbw`Z nIqvi fq I jvf| (2) mgvR, iv ev AvBbi PvL wbw`Z, bw`Z, wZiZ, cy iZ ev
kvwcv nIqvi Avkv I fq| (3) Avjvni KvQ wbw`Z, bw`Z, wZiZ ev cyiZ nIqvi Avkv I fq|
Gi ga ZZxq chvqwUB cKZfve `ybxwZ I wnsmZv e KiZ cvi| KviY, cZKi cB wbRi weeKK
ceva Ìqv me| mKjB Rvb mgvR, iv ev AvBbK duvwK Ìqv hvq Ges Gwji KvQ Kvbv mwVK g~jvqb Avkv
Kiv hvq bv| GRb cKZ mZZv Zwi KiZ Avjvni fq I jvf mwi Kvbv weK bB| Avjvn mKj Kgi cwic~Y
cyivi wèb Ges mKj Abvqi kvw wèb ej AePZbi wekvm jvfi ci gvbyl h KgwU Avjvni KvQ Abvq ej
om
wbwZ RvbZ cvi m KvR KiZ cvi bv Ges Avjvni `wZ fvj ej cgvwYZ KvRwU Kvbv RvMwZK cyivi ev
cksmvi AvMn QvovB, eis mKj cwZKzjZv mI Kivi Pv Ki|
weklZ Avgvì `k hLvb AvBbK duvwK Ìqv AbK ewk mnR mLvb GKgv Avjvni fqB `ybxwZ,
.c
Aciva I Aeq ivai GKgv ivKeR| GRb bwZK I agx q wkvi cmviB G mKj Aciva I Aeq wbqY
st
mwZKvi Ae`vb ivLZ cvi|
tru
(16) Rwev` Ges gv`vmv wkvi wei mvgvRev`x, AvwacZev`x I AvRvwZK ewbqv ev evwYwRK mvgvRev`xiv
K_v ejQb| Avevi `kcw gK bZe` I RbMYI K_v ejQb| Ze cZKi K_v ejvi cvcU wfb| mvgvRevì
ah
Dk Gi gvag mvgvRev` weivax Rbkwi De iva Kiv Ges Zvì AvMvmb, Zvì evwYR, AkxjZv wfwK cY,
gv`K cY BZvwì evcK cmvi I RvZxq mì BRviv-`Lji c_ Dby Kiv| GZ mswk `k Abvb mgmv mw
nn
njI Zvì Kvbv Amyweav bB|

cvi `kcwgK bZe`, mgvRwe` I RbMY K_v ejQb RvZxq ccU `ki Abvb mgmvi mv_ G KwVb
u
mgmv wbqY Ki `ki mvgwMK wwZ I AMMwZ wbwZ KiZ|

ss
(17) RvZxq KjvY Rwev` `gbi K_v ejQb hviv Zvì eySZ ne h, Rwevì AhynvZ gv`vmv wkvi
wei Aevb wbj ev gv`vmv-cov, zj-cov ev Kv_vI bv cov eviKvIqvjx, UzwcIqvjv, `vwoIqvjv, gmwR`Mvgx avwgK
.a
KgKZv, KgPvix, Qv, Qvx ev mvaviY bvMwiKK Ac` Kij, NYv cKvk Kij, Zvì wei RbgZ Zwi Kij ev
ZvìK nqivwb Kij mvgvRev`x kw cyivcywi jvfevb njI `k I RvwZ cyivcywi wZM ne| GZ Rwev` Kge
w
bv, Abvb Aciva I `ybxwZ evoe Ges `k Afvebxq msNvZ I Avjvni Mhe wbcwZZ ne|
w
(18) Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, hviv Rwevì mv_ Bmjvgx wkvK m Ki Bmjvgx wkv eev ev gv`vmv
w
wkvi msKvPb `vwe KiQb Ges hviv Rwevì mv_ BmjvgK m Ki Bmjvgi msKvPb ev gymjgvbì
Rvic~eK Lvb Kivi `vwe KiQb Zvì ga gwjK Kvbv cv_K bB| Zvì KD bv Rb Ges KD Rbb
wekl Dk Gic `vwe KiQb|
(19) Avgiv Aviv `LwQ h, gv`vmv wkv ev agwfwK wkv msKvPb Kij Zv Rwev` wbqY Kvbvic Ae`vb
ivLe bv, eis Zvi cmvi Ae`vb ivLZ cvi| Ze Gic msKvPb wbtm`n mvm, Puv`vevwR, cvwievwiK ev mvgvwRK
mwnsmZv, hZzK, GwmW, `ybxwZ, alY, ewfPvi, GBWm, AcniY, Lyb-Lvivwe, bwZK g~jevai Aeq, gv`Kvmw
BZvw` Aciva I Aeqi cmvi Afvebxq Ae`vb ivLe| Avgiv RvwZMZfve Gic msKvPb jvfevb bv njI Av
RvwZK ewbqv P Zvì gv`Kè I AkxjZv-wfwK egvwK cY wecbbi jvfevb ne Ges mvgvRev`x kw
Avgvì Aeq I `ybxwZi myhvM Zvì ^v_ cwZv KiZ mg ne|
(20) GLvb mePq fqi welq njv, mgmvi KviY wbaviY wevw AbK mgq mgmv D w`Z cvi|
mvmi Rb mvmxi RvwZ, ag, Mv, `j ev wkveevK `vqx Kij g~jZ mvmxK mvnvh Kiv nq| GZ GKw`K
mvmxi ^RvwZ, âg, ^`j ev ^wkvi gvbyliv mvmi weivwaZvi cwieZ mvm weivaxì mv_ weivwaZvq Rwoq
cob, Aciw`K civfve Zvì ga mvmxi cwZ GK cKvii mngwgZv Rbjvf Ki| Avgiv `LwQ h, Kvbv
Kvbv cvvZ cwZ mvmi Rb BmjvgK `vqx ej ge Ki Bmjvgi mv_ cvvZ mfZvi msNvZKB D
w`Qb| mvmi Rb Bmjvgx wkvK `vqx KijI GKBfve mvmK D Ìqv ne Ges mvmxì Rb mnggx mw
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 20

Kiv ne| GQvov gv`vmv wkwZ gvbyliv mvm weivwaZvi e`j AcvmwK weZK Rvwoq coeb| mevcwi Gic
gZvgZi wfwZ hw` miKvi ev ckvmb gv`vmv wkv wbqY, msKvPb ev gv`vmvi wei XvjvI Kvbv KgKv nvZ bb
Ze ZvZ bZzb GK cKvii mwnsmZvq Avv ne `k I RvwZ|
(21) g~jZ Kvbv ag, gZev` ev Av`k mwnsmZv ev mvm wkv `q bv| gvbyl gvbexq jvf, `yejZv, AmnvqZ,
cwZkvanv BZvwì KviY mwnsmZv ev wnsmZvq wj nq| Gic mwnsmZvq wj ew wbRi Kgi c mvdvvB
MvIqvi Rb, wbRi weeKK Acivaeva _K gy Kivi Rb, AbK wbRi c Uvbvi Rb Ges Abvb Dk
wbRi Av`kK eenvi Ki|
nvRvi nvRvi eQi ai emevmKvix AvieìK RiRvjg I Abvb wdwjwbx GjvKv _K mvm I MYnZvi
gvag weZvob Ki Abvb `k nvRvi eQi ai emevmKvix Bn~`xìK mLvb wbq Gm Bmvqj ivi cwZvi Rb
Bn~`x-LvbMY cwe evBeji evYxK eenvi KiQb| Abyicfve AvBwik Kv_wjK wewUk cUvUi wei wbRi
aggZK eenvi Kib, wZeZxq e Pxbi wei wbRi e aggZK eenvi Kib, wbgeYi wn`y DPeYi wn`yi
wei mgvRZvwK ev agxq gZvgZ eenvi Kib, wbgiYi wn`yì wei Rw I mvmx KgKv PvjvZ DPeYi
wn`yiv eYc_v welq e`, MxZv I wn`y agkvi wkv I evYxwjK eenvi Kib, wdwjwbx hvv Bn~`x `Lj`vii
wei wbRi Bmjvg ev Lvb ag _K Dxcbv ev ciYv jvfi Pv Kib|
Avgvì mgvR AvIqvgx jxMi Kgx hw` Kvbv KviY DwRZ nq mwnsmZvq wj nbv Ze wZwb ^vaxbZv,
om
eez, gywhyi PZbv BZvw` gnvb welqK Zvi Kgi KviY wnme DjL Kib| Abyicfve weGbwci Kgx G
knx` wRqv, RvZxqZvev`, ^vaxbZv BZvw` gnvb welqK wbRi GwKDR wnme eenvi Kib| Dfq B
`ji Abvb wePY Kgx Rvbb h, wbRi mwnsmZv ea Kivi RbB Gwj ejv nQ|
.c
mvm ev Rwevì Rb gv`vmv wkvK `vqx Ki gv`vmv wkv, gv`vmv ev gv`vmv wkwZì wei Kvbv
st
c`c wbj ^fveZB Zviv w nq mwnsmZvq wj neb Ges Bmjvg I Bmjvgx wkv-i wecbZvK ARynvZ wnme
tru
ck Kieb| GZ GKgv mvmxivB jvfevb ne Ges RvwZ fqi msNvZi ga wbcwZZ ne|
1. 5. AvjvwPZ ZZxq KviY: Invex gZev`
ah
Invex gZev`-K Rwevì KviY wnme AbK MelK DjL KiQb| mw` Aviei agxq bZv gynvv` Beby
Avyj Iqvn&nve (1703-1792 L) cPvwiZ gZev`K Invex gZev` ejv nq| wZwb ZrKvjxb Avie cPwjZ Kei cyRv,
nn
Kei mvR`v Kiv, Kei ev MvQ myZv eua ivLv, gvbZ Kiv I Abvb wewfb cKvii Kzmsvi, wkiK, weÀvZ BZvwì
cwZev` Kib| Zuvi ee ay cwZevì gaB mxgve wQj bv| Dci Zuvi weivaxì wZwb gykwiK ej AwfwnZ
u
KiZb| 1745 Lv eZgvb mw` Aviei ivRavbx wiqvì AbwZ`~i AewZ wìBqv bvgK Qv Mvg-ivRi kvmK
ss
Avgxi gynvv` Beby mvE` (gZz 1765) Zuvi mv_ hvM `b| Zvì Abymvixiv Zvì weivaxìK gykwiK ej MY Ki
Zvì wei hyvwfhvb cwiPvjb i Kib| 1804 mvji ga gv-wnRvh mn Avie Dcxci AwaKvsk mvD`x-
.a
Invexì Aaxb Pj Avm|

w
ZrKvjxb ZzKx wLjvdZ G bZzb ivRZK Zvi AvwacZ I bZZi Rb AZ wZKi ej gb Kib| KviY
GKw`K gv-g`xbv mn Bmjvgi cvYK` Zvì nvZQvov nq hvq, Abw`K g~j Avie ^vaxb ivRi Dvb gymwjg
w
wek ZzKxì GKQ bZZi Rb gwK nq ùvovq| GRb ZzKx Ljxdv ìevii AvwjgMYi gvag InvexìK
w
ag`vnx, Kvwdi I Bmjvgi AbZg k wnme dvZIqv cPvi Kib| gymwjg weki me Gì wei Rvivjv
cPvivwfhvb Pvjvbv nq, hb KD G be ivRZK Bmjvgx wLjvdZi jvwfwl gb bv Ki| cvkvcvwk wZwb ZzKx
wbqYvaxb wgmii kvmK gynvv` AvjxK Invexì wei hy cwiPvjbvi wb`k `b| wgkixq evwnbxi Awfhvbi gyL
1818 mvj mD`x ivRZi cZb NU| Gici mvD`x ivReski Di cyiliv evisevi wbRì ivRZ Dvii Pv
Kib| mekl G eski Avyj Avhxh Beby Avyi ivngvb Avj-mvD` (1879-1953) 1901 _K 1924 Lv ch
`xN hyweMni gvag eZgvb mw` Avii cwZv Kib|11
Lxq Av`k kZvx _K gymwjg weki hLvbB msvig~jK Kvbv `vIqvZ ev Avnvb cPvwiZ nqQ, ZvKB
mw` InvexMY gynvv` Beby Avyj Iqvnvei Av`k viv cfvweZ ej `vwe KiQb| Aciw`K ZzKx cPviYvq Invex
kwU gymwjg mgvR AZ NY k cwiYZ nq| ZvìK Abvb wev mc`vqi PqI AwaKZi NYv Kiv nq| dj
ewUk JcwbewkK miKvi ewUk weivax AvwjgìK Invex ej cPvi KiZb; hb mvaviY gymwjgì ga Zvì
MnYhvMZv bv _vK| GQvov gymwjg mgvRi wewfb agxq mc`vq GK AciK wb`v Kivi Rb Invex ki evcK
evenvi Kib|
gynvv` Beby Avyj Iqvn&nvei mgmvgwqK fviZxq gymwjg msviK kvn IqvwjDjvn `njex (1703-1762 L)|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 21

Zuvi gZ-cPvii c_g w`K 1731 Lv wZwb gvq Mgb Kib Ges wZb ermi Z_vq Aevb Kib| Gici `k wdi
wZwb fviZ Bmjvgx wkv cmvi wekl Ae`vb ivLb| wZwbI Kei c~Rv, cxi c~Rv, Kei gvbZ Kiv, Keievmx ev RxweZ
cxi ev IjxMYi KvQ wec`gywi mvnvh PvIqv I Abvb wkiK, weÀvZ, Kzmsvi, gvhnvex evovevwo BZvwì wei
KVvi mgvjvPbv I cwZev` Kib| GRb KD KD ZuvK Invex ej wPwZ KiZ cqvm cqQb|
Ze fviZi mec_g mswewae I mycwm Invex bZv wQjb kvn IqvwjDjvni cy kvn Avyj Avhxhi (1346-
1823 L) AbZg Qv mvBq` Avng` ejex (1786-1831 L)| wZwb mgM fviZ gvhvi, ìMv, ew c~Rv, gZ gvbylì
bvg gvbZ, wkwb BZvw` wewfb wkiK, weÀvZ I Kzmsvii wei cPvi Kib| GQvov wZwb ewUk AvwacZi wei
hy NvlYv Kib| 1821 Lv wZwb n Mgb Kib| cvq wZb ermi Z_vq Aevbi ci wZwb fviZ wdi Avmb|
1826 Lv wZwb ewUk fviZ _K wnRiZ Ki Di cwg mxgv c`k Mgb Ki mLvb Bmjvgx iv cwZvi
NvlYv `b Ges wbR mB ivi cavb nb| Gici Zuvi bZZ fviZi wewfb Aji gymwjg mLvb GKwZ nq ew Uk
I wkLì wei wRnv` NvlYv Kib| KqKwU hyi ci 1831 Lv evjvKvUi hy Zuvi evwnbx civwRZ nq Ges
wZwb kvnv`Z eiY Kib| cieZx cvq 30 ermi mvBq` Avng` ejexi AbymvixMY ewUki wei wewfb cKvi wewQb
wRnv` I cwZiva Pvwjq hvb|
1803-4 mvj Invex-MY gv-g`xbv `Lj Ki Ges Z_vKvi cPvxb gvRvi-Kw`K mawj f dj| GZ
mvaviY gymwjgì ga evcK vfi mw nq| kvn Iqvwj Djvn gynvwm `njfxi AbymvixMY Invex-ì gZB
om
GKBfve wkiK, Kzdi, weÀvZ, Kzmsvi BZvwì cwZev` KiZb| Gfve Zvì gZvgZi mv_ Invex-ì
gZvgZi evwnK mv`k wQj| 1823 Lv mvBq` Avng` ej ex n Dcj gvq Mgb Kib| BsiR kvmKMY
myKkj cPvi Ki h, ^vaxbZvi bvg hviv Avcbvì agi evYx kvbvQ Avmj Zviv Bmjvgi k Ges bex I
.c
mvnvevì AcgvbKvix `j, Gì bvg Invex, GivB Avcbvì wcq ivmyji ( ) eskaiì Keiwj asm Ki
st
`ytmvnmi cwiPq w`qQ ... Avi mq` Avng` ZvìB GRU wbhy nqQ Ges Giv mevB Invex ZvB GivI Avcbvì
kq cxieyRyM I cyecyilì Kei fvZ Pvq...| 12
tru
Gfve ewUk miKvi eySvb h, cKZ Bmjvgi wei Zvì Kvbv vf bB| cKZ Bmjvg I gymwjgìK
Zuviv LyeB fvjevmb| ay wev Invex mc`vqi gvbylìKB Zviv `gb KiQb I kvw w`Qb| KvRB GZ mvaviY
ah
fvj gymwjgi` wei nIqvi ev K cvIqvi Kvbv KviY bB|

nn
mvBq` Avng` ejexi wklì _K fviZ wewfb msvigyLx avivi Rb bq| Zuvi wklì ga _K AbK
wbavwiZ gvhnve AbymiY A^xKvi Ki wbRìK Avnj nv`xm ej `vwe Kib| Zuvi wkl Rbc~ii cxi gvIjvbv
u
KvivgZ Avjx GKwU msvigyLx avivi Rb `b| dzidzivi cxi gvIjvbv Ave~ evK&i wmxKxI mvBq` Avng` ejexi
ss
gZvbymvix I Zuvi c-wkl wQjb| Ìe`x AvwjgMYI ZuviB wklì _K wkv jvf KiQb| Gìi mKjKB
cwZcMY I JcwbewkK miKvi Invex, iwOb Invex ev eYPviv Invex ej AvLvwqZ KiQb| mvBq` Avng`
.a
ejexi AbZg wkl I mgmvgwqK msviK gxi bmvi Avjx Iid wZZzwgi (1782-1831) Ges mgKvjxb Ab msviK
nvRx kixqZzjvn (1781-1840)| GìKI Invex bvg AvLvwqZ Kiv nqQ Ges Gì Av`vjb I cwZivaK Invex
w
Av`vjb ejv nqQ|

w
Invex ki eenvi eySZ GKwU D`vniY ck KiwQ| gxi wbmvi Avjx Iid ZxZz gxi 1782 Lv evsjvi
w
24 ciMbv Rjvq RbMnY Kib| 1823 mvj ni mgq gvq mvBq` Avng` ejexi mv_ Zuvi mvvZ nq| wZwb
Zuvi gyix` nb| `k wdi wZwb Zuvi GjvKvi gvbylì ga we Bmjvgx wkv cPvi Kib| wZwb ewUk kvmbi wei
ejjI KLbvB wn`y ag, agvej^x ev wn`y Rwg`viì wei wKQzB ejb wb| wK Zuvi wkvq mvaviY gymwjgì ga
agcvjb ew cvIqvZ GjvKvi wn`y Rwg`viMY z nb| Zuviv mvaviY gymwjg cRvìK Rvbvb h, cKZ BmjvgK Zuviv
LyeB fvjevmb| Ze Invex gZev`K Zviv `gb KiZ Pvb| hyMhyM ai gymwjgMY wn`yì gZB bvg iLQb, `vwo
KUQb, Mvud iLQb, gmwR` evbvbvi Rb e nb wb Ges MvnZv Kib wb| ZxZzgxi Invex gZvbymvi `vwo
ivLZ, Muvd KvUZ, gymjgvbx bvg ivLZ, gymjgvbì Mv g gmwR` evbvZ I Kzievbxi bvg MvnvZv KiZ Drmvn
w`Q| GZ wn`y gymwjg mcxwZ b nQ| GRb Invex gZev` `gb Kiv AZxe Riix| Gì `gbi KviY fvj
gymjgvbì wez nIqvi ev K cvIqvi KvbvB KviY bB|
GRb Zvivwbqvi Rwg`vi ivgbvivqb evey, cuyovi Rwg`vi Kè ivq, bMicyii Rwg`vi Mocmv` Payix I
Abvb cLvZ Rwg`vi mgeZfve 5wU welq bvwUk Rvwi Kib: (1) hvnviv ZxZzgxii wklZ MnY Kwiqv Invex nBe,
`vwo ivwLe, Muvd QvwUe, Zvì cZKK wd `vwoi Dci AvovB UvKv Ges wd Muvdi Dci cuvP wmKv LvRbv w`Z
nBe| (2) gmwR` cZ Kwij cZK KuvPv gmwRì Rb cuvPkZ UvKv I cZK cvKv gmwRì Rb GK mnm UvKv
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 22

Rwg`vi miKvi bRi w`Z nBe| (3) wcZv-wcZvgn ev AvZxq- ^Rb mvbi h bvg ivwLe m bvg cwieZb Kwiqv
Invex gZ Aviex bvg ivwLj cZK bvgi Rb LvwiRvbv wd cvk UvKv Rwg`vi miKvi Rgv w`Z nBe| (4) MvnZv
Kwij nZvKvixi `wY n KvwUqv bIqv nBe, hb m ew Avi MvnZv KwiZv bv cvi| (5) h ew Invex
ZxZzgxiK wbR evoxZ vb wè ZvnvK Zvnvi wfUv nBZ DQ` Kiv nBe|13
eZ, ZzKx wLjvdvZ I ewUk miKvii evcK cPvii KviY cKZ Bmjvg I Invex Bmjvgi G wefvRb
cvvZ MelKì KvQ mveRbxbZvi ic cqQ| weki h Kvbv vb msvi Av`vjb, ^vaxbZv Av`vjb, Bmjvgx
mgvR I iveev cwZvi cPv, Dcwbek weivax, mvgvRev` weivax ev cvvZ weivax Av`vjb avwgK gymwjg,
Avwjg, agxq ewZ ev cxi-gvkvBLi mZv _vKjB ZvK Invex ej wPwZ Kivi Pv Kiv nq|
Invex Bmjvg I cKZ Bmjvgi G wefvRbi AbK cvvZ MelK cKZ BmjvgK m~dx Bmjvg ej
wPwZ Kib| Zuvì gZ, m~dx Bmjvg Amvc`vwqK, AivRbwZK I D`vi| cgvY wnme Zviv ejb h, Gwkqv,
AvwdKv, BDivc I AvgwiKvi gymwjg I Agymwjg mgvRi AMwYZ m~dx ìevi bvix cyil wbwekl mKj agi I eYi
gvbyl GKwZ nQb, whK&i, Ihxdv, mvgv-KvIqvjx I Abvb Abyvb Ask wbQb Ges ZeviK I `yAv MnY KiQb| G
mKj ìevi AvZw I AvavwZKZvi wkv Ìqv nq, ivRbxwZ I ivxq welqvw` AvjvPbv Kiv nq bv|
Avgvì `k I weki Abvb `ki w`K `wcvZ Kij Avgiv m~dx Bmjvgi `ywU chvq `LZ cvB| Avgiv
`wL h, AbK gymwjg ZvmvDd I m~dxevì bvg cxi-gvkvBLK Avjvni AeZvi ev wekl HkwiK mK ev gZvi
om
AwaKvix ej MY Kib, ZvìK mvR`v Kib, Zvì Kei-gvhvi ev mgvwa mvR`v Kib, mvjvZ, wmqvg BZvw`
kixqZi AvnKvg cvjbK iZnxb gb Kib Ges Mvb-evRbv I bZMxwZK m~dx Bmjvgi iZc~Y w`K ej MY
Kib| Giv wbRìK cKZ m~dx I cKZ mybx ej `vwe Kib| hviv cxi mvR`v, Kie mvR`v, MvbevRbv, aygcvb
.c
BZvwì cwZ Avcw cKvk Kib ev kixqZ cvjbi evaevaKZvi K_v ejb ZvìK G chvqi m~dxMY Invex Ges
st
IjxMYi `ykgb ej KVvifve wb`v Kib| AbK ZvgvK, MvRv BZvw` meb ev aygcvbK mybx Bmjvg I m~dx
Bmjvgi gwjK cwiPq ej MY Kib Ges aygcvb weivaxìK Invex I IjxMYi `ykgb ej wb`v Kib|
tru
Ab AbK gymwjg cxi-mvR`v, Kie-mvR`v, Mvb-evRbv BZvw` KgK KwVbfve wb`v Kib, kixqZ cwZcvjbK
m~dx Bmjvgi g~j welq ej MY Kib Ges kixqZ cwZcvjbi cvkvcvwk cxi-gvkvBLi wbKU ZixKZ wkv Kib I
ah
cvjb Kib| c_g chvqi mydx I gvidZxMYi gZvbymvi Giv Invex I m~dx Bmjvgi `ykgb| Ze Giv wbRìK
cKZ m~dx I mybx ej `vwe Kib Ges c_g chvqi gvbylìK wev ej MY Kib|
nn
G chvqi ZvmvDd-cxì ga wewfb welq gZf` iqQ| Iim, Cmvj mvIqve, gxjv`ybex, mxivZzbex,
whKii cwZ BZvw` wewfb welq G chvqi m~dxMYi ga gZf` iqQ| G mKj gZfì wfwZ G chvqi
u
m~dxMYi GK`j AviK`jK Invex, bexi `ykgb ev IjxMYi `ykgb ej wb`v Kib Ges wbRìK cKZ mybx I
ss
cKZ m~dx ej `vwe Kib, hwÌ mKjB cxi-gywi`x I ZvmvDd wekvm Kib I wewfb ZixKv AbymiY Kib|
.a
cvvZi LvbMY cKwZMZfveB c_g chvqi m~dx Bmjvg I Gi Abymvixì fvjevmb| KviY Zvì
gvbwmKZvi mv_ Gì gvbwmKZvi LyeB wgj| BDivc-AvgwiKv I Abvb wewfb `k Gic m~dxì gvRwjm-
w
ìevi I LvbKv-gvRvi Zviv AvMgb Kib, Mvb-evRbv I AvavwZK PPvq Ask bb| G mKj m~dxI GìK AZ
w
fvjem MnY Kib| ^fveZB cvvZi gvbyliv weki mKj gymwjg `k Gic m~dx Bmjvgi cmvi Kvgbv Kib|
w
Gic m~dx Bmjvgi cmviB mKj agi I agnxb gvbylì ga Abvwej kvw I mnvevb wbwZ KiZ cvi ej Zviv
wekvm Kib|
mfZvi msNvZi bvg Bmjvgx `kwjZ AvwacZ wevi AvMnx mvgvRev`x kwwj c_g XvjvIfve
Bmjvgi wei Aevb bb| wK Zviv `Lb h, GZ Zvì wei cwZiva evoQ| ZLb Zviv gymjgvbìK
wewfbfve fvM Ki KvDK c I KvDK wec wbZ Pvb| GRb c_g Zviv wjevij (liberal) ev D`vi I
(fundamentalist) A_vr gjev`x ev Kicx ej fvMvfvwM Kib| Gic fvMvfvwM gymwjg `kwjZ Zgb Kvbv
evRvi jvf Ki bv| GRb weMZ KqK eQi hveZ Zviv bZzb GKwU fvMvfvwM evRviRvZ KiZ Pv KiQb, Zv njv
m~dx Bmjvg I Invex Bmjvg|
gymwjg `kwjZ m~dxMYi cfve I Invex kwUi cwZ gymwjgì NYvi welqwU Zviv Rvbb| ewUk miKvi I
wn`y Rwg`viMY hfve mvBq` Avng`, wZZzgxi, kixqZzjvn I Abvb mKj agxq msvi I mvgvRev` weivax
Av`vjbK Invex ej wPwZ Ki mvaviY gymwjgì KvQ NwYZ Kivi Pvq AbKUv mdjZv jvf KiwQjb, Zgwb
Zviv Zvì ^v_i mv_ mvsNwlK mKj Bmjvgx KgKv I ewZK Invex ic wPwZ KiZ Pv KiQb| AZ mybx -
Invex ev m~dx-Invex weZK I mNvZ D w`Z cvij Bmjvgx `vIqvZ, wkv wevi, AkxjZv-gv`KZvi cwZev` I iv
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 23

eevq Avwjg ev Bmjvgcxì Dvb wbwZicB evnZ I evavM ne|
Zviv g~jZ m~dx Bmjvg ejZ c_g chvqi m~dxì eyS Qb| KviY, wZxq chvqi m~dxì ga kvn IqvwjDjvn,
mvBq` Avng` ej ex, wZZzgxi, nvRx kixqZzjvn cgyLi gZ ewZi Avwefve NUZ cvi, hvì gZvqb Zvì ^v_
iv Ki bv| Zviv wekvm Kib h, c_g chvqi m~dxì DvbB gymwjg gvbwmKZv _K Rwevì g~j DrcvUb KiZ
mg Ges G chvqi m~dx BmjvgB weki gvbylìK Rwev`, gjev` I agxq msNvZ _K iv Ki mKj agi kvw
c~Y mnvevb wbwZ KiZ cvi| ay ZvB bq, Gì cwZv weki cavb `ywU ag: Lag I BmjvgK GKeviB
KvQvKvwQ Ki w`Z cvi|
eZ c_g chvqi m~dxMY Ges cvvZ bZe` wZxq chvqi m~dxMYK cKZ Invex ev eYPviv Invex ej
wekvm Kib| Gì nvZ Zvì ^v_ wbivc` bq ejI Zviv Rvbb| Ze gymwjg `kwjZ wZxq chvqi m~dxMYi
cfve mKI Zviv mPZb| GRb Zvi m~dx Bmjvgi bvg c_g chvqi m~dxì bZZvaxb I Zvì cfve ejqi
ga _K Dfq chvqi m~dxMYK GKwZ Ki ZvìK Invex-ì wei mvPvi nZ Dy KiQb|
Zviv eySvQb h, hviv Bmjvgx mgvR, iv, wePvi, A_eev BZvw` cwZvi `vwe KiQb Zviv g~jZ IjxMYi
gvRvifvv m`x InvexMYi `vjvj I Zvì gZi Abymvix| Giv gZv jvf Kij GivI cxi-gvkvBL I Kei-gvRvi
asm Kie| KvRB GìK cwZnZ KiZ HKe nvb| GK_v wbwZ h, mvaviY gymwjg, Avwjg I cxi-gvkvBL
Zvì Gic cPviYvq cfvweZ neb| GQvov G AhynvZ Invex-mybx weZK I nvbvnvwbi cmvi NwUq gymwjgìK
om
mvgvRev` I AvMvmbi wei ev Bmjvgx g~jeva cPvii c HKe nIqv _K weiZ ivLv me ne ej Zviv gb
KiQb|
eZ Bmjvg bvgi hgb evcK Aceenvi Kiv nqQ Ges Bmjvgi bvg Bmjvg weivax Kg Kiv nqQ I
.c
nQ, Zgwb m~dx kiI evcK Aceenvi Kiv nqQ| ZvmvDd, m~dx, cxi, ìek I IjxMYi bvg AbmjvwgK
st
KgKvI NUQ AbK| Ze meRb ^xKZ m~dx-ìekMYi Rxeb I Kg chvjvPbv Kij Avgiv `wL h, Zuviv mKjB
tru
mgvR, iv I ivRbxwZ mPZb wQjb Ges mgvR cwieZb Zuvì f~wgKv wQj Acwimxg|
cvq mKj m~dx ZixKv-i g~j m~ wnme Ave~ evKi wmxK (iv) I Avjx (iv)-K DjL Kiv nqQ| hvKvZ
ah
AgvbKvix, agZvMx, agxq AbvPvi wjì wei hy Zuviv wQjb gymwjg Dvni cw_KwZ| nvmvb emix, Beivnxg
Av`nvg, RybvB` evM`v`x, Avyj Kvwì Rxjvbx, Ave~ nvwg` Mvhvjx, gyRvw`-B Avjwdmvbx, kvn Iqvwj Djvn `njex,
nn
mvBq` Avng` ej ex, Gg`v`yjvn gynvwRi gvx, KvivgZ Avjx Rbcyix, Ave~ eKi wmxKx dzidzivex (ivwngvgyjvn) I
Abvb mKj mycwm m~dx-mvaK AvZw I AvavwZKZvi cvkvcvwk mgvR, iv I ivRbxwZ wbq K_v ejQb, kvmKì
u
Abvqi cwZev` KiQb, KviveiY KiQb ev kvnv`vZ jvf KiQb|

ss
AvaywbK ivRbwZK KgKvi mv_ Gì KgcwZi cv_K njv gZvq bv hq gZvmxbì mskvabi Pv
Kiv| Giv wbRiv ivRbwZK gZv jvfi Pv Kib wb eis gZvmxbìK bmxnZ KiQb, Abvqi cwZev`
.a
KiQb, bvqi c Drmvn w`qQb, mnhvwMZv KiQb, RbMYK mPZb KiQb, mvgvRev`, JcwbewkK kvmb I
AvwacZevì wei RvZxq cwZiva kixK nqQb Ges G mKj KgKv h mKj ew ev `jK AcvKZ fvj ej
w
gb KiQb ZvìK mg_b KiQb ev Drmvn w`qQb|

w
Z_vKw_Z Rw KgKv ev DMZvi mv_ Zvì KgcwZi cv_K njv Abvqi cwZev` Kiv wK kvw ev
w
ejcqvMi Pv bv Kiv| Zviv Abvqi cwZev` KiQb, bmxnZ KiQb, gZvmxb I Abvb mKjK Abvb `gb
KiZ, cwZev` KiZ I wbqY KiZ Dy KiQb, wK wbR Abvq `gbi bvg kw cqvM Kib wb, AvBb Agvb
Kib wb, AvBb wbRi nvZ Zzj bb wb Ges AvBb Agvb Kivi Nvi weivwaZv KiQb|
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, cKZ m~dxMY KLbvB mgvR-wegyL ev ivRbxwZ-wegyL wQjb bv| m~dx Bmjvg-K mgvR,
iv I RMr-wegyL ej wPwZ Kiv I mKj msvi Av`vjbK Invex ej wPwZ Kivi Kvbv wfw bB|
Z_vKw_Z Bmjvgx mvm ev Rwevì bZZ Dmvgv web jvw`bi gZ mw` eskvyZ ewZ iqQb ej kvbv
hvq| mw` Aviei wewfb ew I msv Gì A_vqb Kib ej `vwe Kiv nq| weki wewfb `k, weklZ Dcgnv`k
Avnj nv`xm I Ìe`x-cwZi KIgx gv`vmvq wkwZ `y-Pvi ewi Gi mv_ mswkZvi K_v kvbv hvq| GQvov Gì
ga Kei-gvhvi BZvwì weivwaZv `Lv hvq| mevcwi Giv wbRì gZvgZ cwZvi Rb gwLK cPvi QvovI A nvZ
Zzj wbQb| GRb AbK MelK gb Kib h, Invex gZevì cmviB eZgvb Rwevì Dvbi KviY|
Ze jYxq h, Dmvgv web jvw`b-Gi Av`vjbi Mvov cb nq mw`-Invex ivi weivwaZvi gvag| Zvi
Abymvixiv Z_vKvi ivRZ, gvwKb mb, AbvPvi BZvwì weivwaZv Kib Ges mw` iv I bvMwiKì wei asmvZK
Kvhg AevnZ iLQb| GQvov gynvv` Beby Avyj Iqvn&nvei eskaimn mKj mw` Avwjg web jvw`bi Av`vjb I
Kvhgi wei AZ mvPvi|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 24
mevcwi, wewfb `ki msvi ev cwZiva Av`vjbK Invex ej AvLvwqZ Kivi Kvbv wfw bB| eZ
gynvv` Beby Avyj Iqvn&nve I Zuvi Av`k cvci Pq ewk iZ I ghv`v jvf KiQ ZzwK wLjvdZi cPvi I ewUk
miKvii myhvMmvbi KviY| Invex gZev` I Av`vjb cKZc GKvB GKwU AvwjK welq wQj| Abvb gymwjg
`ki msvi-cwZiva I agKw`K mvgvwRK ivRbwZK Av`vjbi gZB fvjg` gkvbv GKwU welq| Abvb `k
gymwjgMY Zvì cwiek I cqvRb Abymvi Abyic Av`vjb Mo ZzjQb| hnZz InvexMY I Abvb `ki
gymwjgMY mKjB GKB m~, A_vr KziAvb, nv`xm, Bmjvgx wdK&n I Bmjvgi BwZnvm _K wbRì gZvgZ msMn
KiQb, mnZz Zvì gZvgZ I Kgi ga wgj _vKvB ^vfvweK| G Rb mKj KwZZ gynvv` Beby Avyj Iqvn&nveK
Ìqvi Kvbv KviY bB|
AvdMvwbvb I BivK web jvw`bi gZev` cmvi jvf KiQ| Avi G `ywU `kB Nvi Invex weivax|
AvdMvwbvbi msLvMwi gymwjg RbMvx nvbvdx gvhnvei KVvi Abymvix, cxi gvkvBLì f Ges Invexì weivax|
BivK mvvg nvmbi `xN kvmbvgj Invex ev Ab h Kvbv msvigyLx Avwjg I gZev`K KVvifve wbw Kiv
nqQ| aygv m~dxì wei Kvbv KVviZv Aej^b Kiv nq wb| wK Zv mI G `yB `k Rwevì cmvi _K
eySv hvq h, Rwevì KviY Ab Kv_vI wbwnZ iqQ|
Avgiv AvMB `LwQ h, mvmxì RvwZ, ag Mv BZvw`K XvjvIfve mvmi KviY ev PvwjKv kw wnme
wPwZ Kivi ceYZv mwVK bq| GZ mvm `gbi c_ i nq hvq| KviY, Kvbv, RvwZ, ag ev Mvi mKj gvbylK
om
Zv Avi XvjvIfve wePvi Kiv hvq bv| Rwevì `vwqZ Invex gZevì Dci Pvcvbvi eo wecw njv, GZ mgmv
mgvavbi c_ nvwiq hve| Kbbv, mw` Invexì mv_ Rwevì mK vcb Kiv KwVb, KviY Rwev` Zvì
weiB cwiPvwjZ| Avi Ab Kvbv `ki KD wbRK Invex ej ^xKvi Kib bv, wK cvq mKj agxq `jB
.c
weiev`xì viv Invex ej AvLvwqZ| cZKB `vwe Kib h, Zuviv mivmwi KziAvb, nv`xm, wdKn I c~eeZx
st
BgvgMYi gZi wfwZ Zvì gZ I `j MVb KiQb; gynvv` Beby Avyj Iqvn&nvei wbR^ Kvbv gZ Zviv gvbb
tru
bv| GgbwK mw` Aviei AvwjgMY KLbvB wbRìK Invex ej ^xKvi Kib bv| Zuviv gynvv` Beby Avyj
Iqvn&nveK GKRb msviK wnme gb Kib Ges Zuvi mKj gZvgZB KziAvb, mybvn I c~eeZx BgvgMYi _K MnxZ
ah
ej `vwe I cgvY Kib|

1. 6. AvjvwPZ PZz_ KviY: cvvZ loh
nn
weki meB mvaviY Avwjg-Djvgv, cxi-gvkvBL, Bmjvgx ewZ I Bmjvgx `jmg~n Rwevì weivwaZv KiQb
Ges wb`v KiQb| mvaviYfve Zuviv Dcii wZbwU KviYK Rwevì Dvbi KviY ej ^xKvi Kib bv| ies Zuviv
u
`vwe Kib h, Bmjvgi wei cvvZ lohi KviYB Rwevì Dvb| BmjvgK KjwZ KiZ, Bmjvgx `kwji
ss
Av_-mvgvwRK DbwZ e KiZ Ges G mKj `k mvgwiK AvwacZ wevi KiZB Zviv Mvcb A_vqb wKQz gymwjg
hyeKK wev Ki Gic Rwev` mw KiQb|
.a
Zuviv Zvì G `vwei c cgvY bq eis hyw ck Kib| Zuviv `vwe Kib h, evgvevwR, mvm BZvw` gymwjg
w
Dvni BwZnvm KLbv `Lv hvq wb| mfZvi msNvZ w_Iwi Avwevii c~e weMZ ò nvRvi ermi ai gymwjg Dvni
ga wRnv` bvg Gic mvm KLbvB `Lv hvq wb| ivxqfve cwiPvwjZ hyi gq`vb Qvov Kv_vI Kvbv gymwjg
w
ewMZfve ev `jMZ fve KvDK nZv KiQ, Kviv evwoZ AwM mshvM KiQ.... BZvwì Kvbv bwhi Avgiv
w
`LZ cvB bv| mfZvi msNvZ w_Iwi Avwevii ci cvvZ wek wbR cqvRbB G Aev Zwi Ki wbqQ|
zmW hyi gvag Bmjvg I gymwjg Dvni AwZ wgwUq Ìqvi Pv Kib BDivcxq LvbMY| 1g wekhy
Zzii cZb I gymwjg wek Dcwbek vcbi gvag zmWi mgvw nqQ ej aviYv KiwQjb Zviv| wesk kZvxi
NUbvewji cwicwZ, weklZ mwfqU BDwbqbi cZbi ci Zviv wnmve wbKvk cv djb| Zviv mfZvi
msNvZi w_Iix Dcvcb Kib| Zviv fvjfveB Dcjw Kib h, gymwjg wekK Zvi wbRi MwZZ AMmi nZ w`j
21k kZKi c_gvaB gymjgvbMY wek kwZ cwiYZ ne| A_bwZK wwZ, chywMZ kw I mgi kwZ Zviv
kwkvjx nq hve Ges Zvì bvK `wo w`q Nyivbvi Kvbv myhvM _vKe bv| gymwjg DvnK VKvZ nj ZvìK
AvNvZ KiZ ne|
wK AvNvZ Zv Kvbv KviY Qvov Kiv hvq bv| ^fveZB Kvbv gymwjg `kB cvvZi mv_ Kvbv msNvZ
hZ ivwR bq| wK msNvZ bv njI Zv KvR Dvi Kiv hvQ bv| weklZ `yejK msNvZi ga bvgvZ cvij weRq
wbwZ _vK| GRbB Zuviv G Rwevì Rb w`qQb|
GQvov cvvZ wek Aviv GKwU iZi mgmvi myLxb nqQ| Zv njv Zvì `kwji bxie Bmjvgvqb|
Bmjvg gvbyli Rxeb-ag| Bmjvgi mnR-mij wekvm I Kgi mg^q mnRB gvbylK AvK Ki| gvbyli cKwZi mv_
G ag wgk GKvKvi nq hvq| gvbe cKwZ AwZ mnRB GK MnY Ki| AvaywbK mfZvi bwZK Aeq, AkxjZv,
wejvwmZv I AgvbweKZvi ga wbcwZZ cvvZ `kwji AbK gvbylB Bmjvg MnY KiQb| Bmjvg mK mvgvb wKQz
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 25

Z_ RvbjB AbK Bmjvg MnY Kib|
AkxjZv, wejvwmZv I gv`KZvi cmvi BDivc-AvgwiKvi cwievwiK KvVvgv f wMqQ Ges Z_vKvi cKZ
mv`v Awaevmxì RbmsLv `Z KgQ| G mKj `k Zvì wk, KviLvbv I Dbqb AevnZ ivLZ evBii Awfevmx
MnY KiZ eva nQ| G fve cwZwbqZ AbK gymwjg G mKj `k cek I emevm KiQb| Gì msk Gm G
mKj `ki g~j Awaevmxì AbK Bmjvg MnY KiQb| G fve GmKj `k bxie Bmjvgvqb PjQ| G Bmjvgvqb
VKvZ, gymwjg AwfevmxìK bvMwiKZ bv w`Z, ewnvi KiZ Ges mevcwi g~j AwaevmxìK Bmjvg _K `~i
ivLZ Bmjvg weivax AccPvi I Bmjvgi `vbevqb AZxe Riix| Avi GRb Rwev` Bm~ AZxe KvhKi ej gb
KiQb Zviv|
weklZ Lxq wZxq wgjwbqvgi i _K zmW hyi cwZ wnme Bmjvg ag I ivm~jyjvn -K `vbe ic
wPwZ Kivi Rb BDivci PvP I ivckvmb Bmjvgi wei KqKkZ ermi hveZ h mKj RNb wg_v AccPvi
PvwjqQ mwji AbZg wQj Bmjvgi wRnv` welqK wb`kbvi AceLv| Avgiv G cyKi kl w`K Bmjvgi wRnv`
I evBejxq wRnv` welqK AvjvPbvq G welq wKQz `LZ cve| GRb cvvZ kweM Bmjvgx `kwji wbqb I
Zvì `kwji bxie Bmjvgvqb iva Rwev` Bm~KB mevg weePbv Kib Ges Zvì ^v _B Rwev` mw Kib|
G mKj gymwjg cwZ AvdMvb wRnv`K AbZg `v wnme ck Kib| mvwfqZ AvMvmbi cwZev`
AvdMvwbvbi gymwjg RbMvx cwZiva i Ki| hyiv I Zvi mnhvMxiv G myhvM G mKj cwZiva hvvìK
om
A, Uwbs, chyw I mKj cKvi mvnvh w`q GwMq bq| mviv wek Gì c cPvi Pvjvq| Gici Zviv ZvìK
Dvwbi gvag Zvì wei hZ eva Ki| Zviv ecivqv nq AvgwiKvi wei K_vevZv ejb| cwiZ I
DwRZ G mKj gvbyl AveM ZvwoZ nqI AbK KvR KiZ _vKb| GQvov G mKj gyRvwn`ì ga mvgvRev`xì
.c
wbR^ AbyPi iqQ| hviv GìK msNvZi c_ hZ civwPZ KiQ| Giv wRnv` I wKZvj welqK AvqvZ I
st
nv`xmwji AcevLv Ki gymwjg DvnK wcgvwPDiW msNvZi c_ hZ Dvwb w`Q| Gfve mviv gymwjg wek
wRnvì wevw Qovbv nQ|
tru
G mKj MelK Aviv GKwU welqi cwZ `w AvKlY Kib| Zviv ejb h, wLjvdvZ ivk`vi ci _K Bmjvgx
`kwjZ gv^q agcvjb wkw_jZv, AbvPvi, AkxjZv, Bmjvg weivax gZev` I AvKx`vi cmvi evcK _K
ah
evcKZi I Mfxi _K MfxiZi nZ _vK| iv, ckvmb I Avgxi-IgivMY G Aeq ivai Pv Kib wb, Dci
AbK mgq Zviv Zvi cmvi mnhvwMZv KiQb| Avwjg-Djvgv, cxi-gvkvBL I avwgK gvbyliv mvagZ `vIqvZ ev
nn
cPvi I Dc`ki gvag Gwji mskvabi Pv Kib| Ze Zviv bvqi Av`k I Abvqi wbla bvg ejcqvM ev
kvw cqvM Kib wb| mevcwi Zviv AbvPvi I Aeqi meMvmx cmvii Rb iv ev miKviK `vqx Ki ivi wei
u
hy Kib wb ev avwgKì iv cwZvi Pv Kib wb| eis Zviv G mKj iv I miKvi AvbyMZ eRvq iLQb Ges
ss
ewnki wei Gì wRnv` kwiK nqQb| g~jZ G KviYB wZxq wgjwbqvgi zmW hy BDivcxq zmWviì
AvMvmb iva KiZ mg nqwQjb gymjgvbiv|
.a
wK eZgvb Aevi cwieZb nqQ| GLb AbK gymwjg `xb cwZvi bvg gymwjg `ki wwZ b KiQb, hvZ
w
ewnki AvMvmb cwZivai gZv nvivQ gymwjg mgvR| D`vniY wnme Zviv ejb h, cvwKvb I AvdMvwbb
gvwKb A_vqb I cwkY-cv KwZcq gyRvwn` Ges Zvì cwZwZ gv`vmv _K AvMZ Kvbv Kvbv Qv Bmjvgx
w
AvBb ev kixqv AvBb evevqb, Bmjvgx iv cwZv, bvqi Av`k, Abvqi wbla BZvw` kvMvbi wfwZ Ggb KgKv
w
cwiPvjb KiQb hv cvwKvbi ivxq HK, A_bwZK I mvgvwiK cew KwVbfve evnZ KiQ| GLb hw` Avgiv
AviKwU zmW Kbv Kwi Zvnj Abyfe Kie h, Gic zmW cwZnZ Kivi gZv nvivQ cvwKvb Ges zmWviì
wei jovi gZ gvbylI nvivQ|
Bmjvgcxì GmKj `vwe-`vIqv I hyw hZB Rvivjv nvK Gi c Kvbv cgvY bB| GQvov G `vweI
mvm `gbi Kvbvic mnvqZv Ki bv| k Zv ki wei loh KieB| hw` KD mwZB Bmjvgi k nb
Ze wZwb Bmjvgi wei loh Kieb, GUvB Zv ^vfvweK| GRb Zuvì `vl Ìqv ev Zvi wei welvMvi Kiv
A_nxb Kg| Avgvì `LZ ne wK KviY gymwjg hyeKMY Zvì lohi wkKvi nQb| KviYwj wPwZ Ki mwji
cwZKvi bv KiZ cvij Avgvì `vlvivc I cwZev` mI Zuvì loh mdjZv jvf Kie|
1. 7. Bmvqj, mvgvRev`, Zj I ag
Dcii gZwUi m~iK ev KvQvKvwQ GKwU gZ njv, mgKvjxb weki mKj Akvw, hy, mvm I Rwevì
AbZg KviY wdwjwb Bmvqj ivi cwZv, gacvPi Zj, gymwjg `kwji m` I fMwjK Aevb I BDivc-
AvgwiKvi DM agwfwK mvgvRev`x be iYkxj (neoconservatives) ev wbIKbì Avwefve I AvwacZ|
cwe evBej _K Rvbv hvq h, wdwjwb Bn~`xì Aevb wek Akvwi AbZg KviY| evBeji eYbv
Abymvi Avjvn Bmvqj-mvbMYK Avjvni weavb cvjb I gvbeRvwZi KjvYi wewbgq wdwjwb Zvì evmvb
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 26

c`vbi Iqv`v Kib| wK cyivwnZì weKwZi KviY Zviv G Iqv`vK Zvì RvwZMZ m` ej MY Ki Ges
Avjvni c_ _K wePzZ nq|
Bmvqj-mvbMY Lc~e 1285 mvji w`K g~mv (Av)-Gi bZZ wgmi _K wdwjwbi Dk iIqvbv nq|
cvq AvovBkZ ermi wewfb vb emevmi ci Lc~e 1000 mvji w`K ZvjyZi Ges Gici `vDì (Av) bZZ Zviv
wdwjwb Bn~`x ivR cwZv Ki| `vD` (Av) I myjvBgvb (Av)-Gi ivRZKvji cvq 65 ermi G ivR fvjfve Pj|
myjvBgvbi (Av) BKvji ci Zuvi ivRZ `yfvM fvM nq hvq| cieZx cvq wZbkZ ermii BwZnvm njv ivRZi
Dfq Aski cviwiK Ges cvkeZx ivRwji mv_ Zvì Afvebxq- AeYbxq iviw I nvbvnvwbi BwZnvm|
Lc~e 606 _K 587 mvji ga evwejbi kvmK beyKv`bRvi KqKevi Avgbi gvag RiRvjg
m~Y asm Kib Ges BmvqjxqìK e`x Ki evwejb wbq hvb| cvq Aa kZvx ci Zviv gyw jvf Ki Ges
RiRvjg wdi Avm|
cieZx cvq 500 ermi Bmvqjxiv MxK, wmwiq ev ivgvb mvgvRi Aaxb RiRvjg emevm Ki| mekl 136
Lv ivgvb mgvU nvwWqvb (Hadrian :117-138) RiRvjg I gmwR` AvKmv m~Y asm Ki `b| wZwb
Bn~`xìK wdwjwb _K wPiZi weZvwoZ Kib| AwaKvsk Bn~`xK e`x Ki ivg wbq hvb| wZwb Bn~`xì Rb
RiRvjg cek wbwl Kib| ay ermi wbavwiZ GKw`b `b Kivi Rb AvMgbi AbygwZ wQj Zvì|
G njv RiRvjg I wdwjwb Bn~`xì cvq nvRvi eQii BwZnvm| G BwZnvm ay ii BwZnvm| Bn~`xMY
om
hZw`b RiRvjg wQj ZZw`b GZ`vji Kvbv gvbylB kvwZ _vKZ cvi wb| Zviv wbRì ga nvbvnvwb I
iviw KiQ, bex-ivm~jMYK nZv KiQ, cvkeZx `kwjZ iviw I nvbvnvwb idZvwb KiQ Ges cyiv AjK
AwwZkxj KiQ| Bn~`x-Lvbì agM cwe evBej _K Zvì cZviYv, Rei`Lj, MYnZv, MYasmh, AbvPvi
.c
I ag`vwnZvi BwZnvm wevwiZfvev Rvbv hvq| Bmvqjxqì iviw I nvbvnvwb GZB A^vfvweK wQj h, cvkeZx
st
ivRvMY Zvì ivR `Lj Kivi ci GKvwaKevi ZvìK GjvKv _K m~Y weZvob KiQb| weki BwZnvm Rq-
tru
civRqi AbK NUbv iqQ| wK m~Y RbMvxK weZvobi Gic NUbv Zgb `Lv hvq bv|
Lxq wZxq kZvx _K wesk kZvx ch cvq `y nvRvi ermi Bn~`xMY BDivc, Gwkqv I AvwdKvi wewfb `k
mvaviY bvMwiK wnme emevm KiQ| Gici wZxq wekhyi ci 1948 Lv BDivc I AvgwiKvi mnvqZvq nvRvi
ah
nvRvi ermi ai wdwjwb emevmKvix AviiìK nZv I weZvob Ki wdwjwb Avevi Bmvqj iv cwZv Kiv nq|
evBeji eYbv cgvY Ki h, wdwjwb Bn~`xì c_g Aevbi cvq nvRvi eQi KLbvB Zviv cvkeZx Kvbv
nn
`ki gvbylìK kvwZ _vKZ `q wb| G_K eySv hvq h, wdwjwb Bmvqjxqì Aevb GZ`vji Akvwi g~j
KviY| hZw`b Zviv Z_vq _vKe ZZw`b KvbvfveB kvw cwZv me ne bv|
u
KziAvb Kvixg gnvb Avjvn Zvì AbvPvi, AZvPvi I `yevi RiRvjg asm I Zvì weZvobi NUbvi DjL
ss
Ki ejb:
.a
Avkv Kiv hvq h, Zvgvì ie ZvgvìK KiYv Kieb| Avi hw` Zvgiv cZveZb Ki Ze AvwgI cZveZb
w
14
Kie
G _K eySv hvq h, 136 Lv wZxq weZvobi ci, A_vr ivm~jyjvn -Gi ci cybivq GKevi ZvìK
w
RiRvjg emevmi myhvM Avjvn w`Z cvib Ges RiRvjg divi ci hw` Zviv Avevi Zvì AvMi ^fve I
Kg wdi hvq Zvnj AvjvnI Avevi Zvì BwZnvmi cybivew Kiveb| KziAvbi AvjvK Avgiv ejZ cvwi h,
Avjvn ZvìK AviKevi KiYv KiQb| wK Zviv Aveviv Zvì c~ei ^fve I Kg wdi wMqQ| KvRB Akvw
PjZ _vKe Ges weZvobi BwZnvmi cybivew NUe| ivm~jyjvn ( )-Gi wewfb fwelvYx _KI Zv Rvbv hvq|
Avgiv AvMB ejwQ, wdwjwb Bn~`x iv cwZvi mv_ mvgvRev`xì wewfb ivRbwZK I A_bwZK ^v_ RwoZ
nqQ, hv cwiwwZK Aviv KwVb KiQ| Gi mv_ wgwjZ nqQ be iYkxjì agwPv| BDivc Ges wekl Ki
AvgwiKvq Lagxq gjevw`Zv I iYkxjZv evcKfve gv_vPvov w`qQ| hviv Lagi BwZnvm Rvbb Zviv wbwZ
Rvbb h, Lagxq iYkxjZvi A_B agxq AmwnyZv|
BwZnvmi cvVKMY Rvbb, MxK I ivgvbMY me`v Abvb gvbeMvxK eei ej wPwZ KiQ Ges GKgv
Zvì mfZvKB DbZ mfZv ej wPwZ KiQ| MxK I ivgvb mfZvi Dim~ix BDivc-AvgwiKv ev cvvZi
gvbyliv G DbvwmKZvi DivwaKvi jvf KiQb| Zviv me`v Zvì mnbkxjZv, D`viZv, cigZmwnyZv, agwbicZv
I eZev` (Pluralism) wbq Me I Mie Kib|
Zvì G eZev` eo AyZ! AvgwiKvb, ewUk, AvBwik ev Ab Kvbv `ki Lagi Abymvix Kvbv mvmxK
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 27

Lvb mvmx ejj Zviv AvnZ nb Ges Gic ejvK AmwnyZv ej gb Kib; KviY GZ agcvY mr LvbMYi
agxq Abyf~wZZ AvNvZ Ìqv nq| wK Bmjvg agi Abymvix Kvbv mvmxK gymwjg mvmx ejZ Amyweav AvQ ej
Zviv gb Kib bv| Dci BmjvgK mvmx ag gymwjgìK mvmx ej AvLvwqZ KijI Kvbvic AmwnyZv nq
ej Zviv gb Kib bv, eis Gic K_vi cwZev`B AmwnyZv!
G eZevì KviY Bmjvg ev Abvb agvej^xì wekvm AvNvZ w`q ee, KvUzb, wmbgv, mvwnZ BZvw`K
evK^vaxbZv ej `vwe Kiv nqQ| wK GwU mwgwUhg (Anti-Semitism) AvBbi bvg Bn~`x RvwZ I ag welqK
HwZnvwmK MelYv I gZcKvk wbwl I `bxq Kiv nqQ, evmdwg (Blasphemy) AvBbi gvag Lvb agi
wei ee wbwl I `bxq Kiv nqQ|
G eZi kZ merge ev GKxf~Z nIqv| h welqK Zviv Zvì wbR^ ej MY Kieb Zv webv evK gb
wbq Zvi ga GKxf~Z njB Kej Zvì eZevì KjvY jvf Kiv hve| Avi Gi wecixZ gZ, Kg, Kw ev mfZvK
Zviv mfZvi Rb wZKi weePbv Ki cwZiva KiZ mP nb| GRb hLb Zviv Lag-K Zvì wbR^ ej
MY KiQb ZLb Bn~`x I gymwjgì AvBb Ki `gb, wbg~j ev agvi KiQb| Abyicfve Lag weivax gZvgZ
cKvkKvix mvwnwZK, `vkwbK, evwbK I wPvwe`ì `gb I wbg~j KiQb| GKB KviY cUvUMY Kv_wjKìK
Ges Kv_wjKMY cUvUìK `gb, wbg~j ev agvi KiQb| Gic eZev`x agwbic avwgK wbI-Kbì
AvwacZ Avevi mB cyivZb Rei`w, agvi I agxq AmwnyZvi K_v gb Kivq|
om
Avi mvgvRev`xì ag I mvgvRev` nvZ aivawi Ki Pj| hLvbB mvgvRev`xiv Dcwbek KiQ mLvbB
Zviv bvbv Kkj agvi KiZ Pv KiQ| GLbv G aviv AevnZ iqQ| BivK I AvdMvwbvb mvgwiK AvMvmbi
.c
cvkvcvwk wgkbvwi AvMvmbi cwZi msev` msev`gvag cKvwkZ nqwQj| Z_vq gvwKb I ewUk mbiv Ges Zvì
QQvqvq Abvb cPviK mivmwi A_ev mevi bvg agvii egywL Pv PvjvPQb| GQvov weki wewfb `k DcRvwZ
st
I msLvjNyìK wewfb cjvfb Lag agvwiZ Ki mvgvRev`x AvMvmbi cvcU Zwi Kiv nQ|
tru
gacvPi Zj wbqY, Lxq ag wekvm Abymvi weki Bn~`xìK wdwjwb-RiRvjg GKwZ Ki hxLi
cybivMgbi cvcU Zwi Ges gymwjg `kwjK AwwZkxj Ki Zvì mì Dci wbqY I ivRbwZK AvwacZ
ah
wevii Dk GKw`K wdwjwb, BivK I Abvb `k wbwePvi bvix, cyil I wki`K MYnvi nZv Kiv nQ, G
mKj gvbeZv-weivax Acivai mie mg_bi cvkvcvwk Gwji wei mKj KK bxie Ki Ìqv nQ| wez KD
nn
mvmi c_ eQ wbj ZvK Bmjvgx Rw ej AvLvwqZ Kiv nQ| webv cgvY wewfb mvmx NUbvK Bmjvgx Rwì
KgKv ej `vwe Kiv nQ| cqvRb wewfb `ki agcvY hyeKì agxq Abyf~wZ eenvi Ki ZvìK WK Gb A,
u
Uwbs I mg_b w`q Rw Zwi Kiv nQ| Gici Avi Rwevì AwfhvM Zvì `k mvgvRev`x AvMvmbi eev
ss
bIqv nQ|
1. 8. wekevcx gymwjg wbab
.a
Bmjvgi bvg mvm I Rwevì Dvbi cavb KviY wekevcx gymwjgì Dci wbwePvi AZvPvi I nZvh| G
w
wbabhi eo GKwU w`K Bmvqj ivi gvag wdwjwb I gacvP nZvh, hv Avgiv Dcii AbyQ` AvjvPbv
KiwQ| GQvovI PPwbqv, Kvkxi, wdwjcvBb, _vBjv, Pxb I Abvb wewfb `k gymjgvbì wei wbwePvi Ryjyg,
w
AZvPvi I RvwZMZ wbabh (ethnic cleansing) PjQ| Avi AvRvwZK msvmg~n, RvwZmsN, cvvZ `kwj I
w
AvRvwZK cPvi gvag G wbabhi welq bxie A_ev wbabhi mie mg_K| Gi wei cvq KDB mie bq|
G cwiwwZZ Gi wei vf cKvki A`g AveMB Rwevì Rb w`Q| gvbyl hLb wbwePvi AZvPvii
cwZev` AvBbMZfve wKQzB KiZ bv cvi ZLb e-AvBbxfve cwZkva MnYi Pv Ki Ges Zvi e-AvBbx KgK
Av`wkK Qvc `q| GQvov mviv weki gymwjg gvbm G wbabhi Aemvb I gymwjg mfZvi weRq Kvgbv KiQ|
Rwev`xiv GìK mnRB eySvZ cviQ h, Zvì c_B wbabhi Aemvbi I weRqi c_| G Bmjvgx wewa-
weavb wePvi, Avwjgì gZvgZ MnY, djvdj wePvi BZvwì Pq AveMB ewk KvhKi|
Gic AveM I nZvkv _KB hyivR, hyiv, Bmvqj ev Ab Kvbv `ki Abvq ev Ryjygi cwZkva MnY ev
Ryjygi cwZKvi KiZ AveMx hyeK mvaviY gvwKb bvMwiKK ev gvwKbxì mv_ mnhvMx ej Ab Kvbv `k I agi
Kvbv gvbylK nZv Kib|
Zvi G KgwU Bmjvgi `wZ GKwU KwVb Abvq I cvc| KviY: (1) Bmjvg Abvqi cwZev` Abvq cwZZ
KiZ AbygwZ `q bv, (2) Bmjvg GKi Aciva AbK kvw c`vbi AbygwZ `q bv Ges (3) Bmjvg Kvbv ew `j
ev MvxK wePvi ev kvwi `vwqZ wbR MnYi AbygwZ `q bv|
GRb KLbvB Kvbv `ki cv Avwjg I gydZxMY Gic cwZkva ev cwZev` ea ejb bv| Zuviv G mKj
ahi mv_, kvwc~Yfve mwnsmZv eRb Ki cwZev` I wb`v vcbi Drmvn `b| Ze AveMx hyeK Zv Zvì
dvZIqv wbq KvR bvgb wb| eis AveMZvwoZ nq KvR KiQb Ges AvwjgMYi dvZIqvK `yejZv ev `vjvwj ej
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 28

MY KiQb| Zvi AveMi c Ab AviK AveMx AvaywbK Aa-Avwjg agi ev gydZxi dvZIqv Zvi KvQ
hyMvchvMx, mwVK I `Z djjvfi mnvqK ej gb nqQ|
1. 9. gymwjg `k Bmjvg-`gb
gymwjg `kwjZ DMZv I Rwev` cmvii AbZg KviY G mKj `k Bmjvg-`gb| weki h Kvbv gymwjg
`ki gymwjg RbMvxi w`K ZvKvj Avgiv `wL h, Zvì cvq 10% ev 15% gvbyl avwgK gymwjg, hviv Bmjvgi
cwic~Y AbymiYi Pv Kib Ges mKjB Gic KiK ej Avkv Kib| Gi wecixZ RbmsLvi AwZ bMY Ask- 2% ev
1%-GiI Kg gvbyl agK Avwdg, cwZwqvkxjZv Ges RvZxq Dbqbi AbZg cwZeKZv ej gb Kib ev `vwe Kib
Ges Uzwc, `vwo, eviKv, gmwR`, gv`vmv BZvw` agcvjb ev agwkvi h Kvbv cKvi ev cKiYi cmvi AvZwZ nb|
evKx cvq 80-85% fvM gvbyl mvaviY gymwjg| hviv ag mK wekl wKQz Rvbb bv, agi wKQz weavb cvjb Kib, wKQz
cwiZvM Kib Ges mvaviYfve ag I avwgKì kv Kib|
eveZvi wbwiL `Lv hvq h, AbK gymwjg `k evK^vaxbZv ev MYZvwK AwaKvii bvg wZxq cKvii
gvbylìK Zvì gZcKvk I KgKvi hic myhvM Ìqv nq, c_g cKvii gvbylìK mic myhvM Ìqv nq bv,
eis wewfb AhynvZ Zvì gZcKvki AwaKvi niY Kiv nq ev Kiva Kiv nq|
Bmjvgcx ej AvLvwqZ avwgK gvbliv Kx `vwe Kib? Zvì `vwe g~jZ `y aiYi: (1) iv, ckvmb I wePvi
eevq Bmjvgx bxwZgvjvi evevqb I (2) mgvRi AkxjZv, bMZv, gv`KZv BZvw` wbqY| avwgKì ga _K mvgvb
om
gvbylB c_g welq mie, Ze mKjB wZxq welq AveMx nb| h Kvbv avwgK gvbyl mgvRi Aeq, AbvPvi,
AkxjZv, bMZv, gv`Kèi cmvi, Ryjyg-AZvPvi BZvw` `L AZ ew_Z nb| Gwj Zvi `qi i Sivq| wZwb
.c
Gi wei K_v ejZ ev cwZev` KiZ Pv Kib| wK AbK mgq Zvi K_v ejvi AwaKvi niY Kiv nq| welqwU LyeB
AyZ! st
mKj `kiB NvwlZ bxwZ mwnsmZv, alY, GwmW, bwZK Aeq, GBWm, gv`Kvmw BZvw` wbqY Kiv| mKj
tru
weeKevb gvbylB Gwj wbqY KiZ Pvb| Ze wbqYi cwZ wfb| cvvZ ixwZZ Aeva hbvPvi, hbZv-DxcK
KgKv, cY I gì Aeva mieivn, wevcb I wecbb AevnZ ivLZ ne Ges cvkvcvwk AvBb ev Dc`ki gvag G
ah
mKj Aeq iva KiZ ne| evnZ Zvì evwYwRK mvgvRevì mv_ G eev m| Ryqv, g`, gv`Kè, ZvgvK-
cY, hbZv-cmviK cYi wevcb I wecbbi gvag KvwU KvwU UvKv DcvRb Kivi ci Zviv gv`Kvmw, alY,
nn
Kvvi, GBWm BZvwì wei wKQz UvKv Aby`vb c`vb Kib|

Avi Bmjvgi wb`kbv G mKj Aeqi g~j Drm iva Kiv| Aeva bMZv, Akxj bvP-Mvb, wmbgv-Qwe, Ryqv,
u
gv`Kèi eenvi BZvwì myhvM AevnZ iL gwnjv-DZw (Eve teasing), hb nqivwb, alY, GwmW,
ss
gv`Kvmw, cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK mwnsmZv wbqY Kiv me bq| weki mKj `ki eveZv Gi eo cgvY|
.a
Avgvì `ki miKvi, ckvmb I mvaviY gvbyliv cvvZi cfve ev ewbqv-Pi Pvc Aeq I Acivai
wei K_v ejjI, Drmwji wei K_v ejb bv| hgb, Zviv AbwZK Kgi Avcw Kib, wK gjv ei `vex
w
Kib bv| Zviv GBWm, gwnjv-Dw (Eve teasing) I hb nqivwbi wei K_v ejb, wK AkxjZv, bMZv,
w
ekvew ev hbZv-DxcK cYi wei K_v ejb bv| Avi avwgK gymwjgMY Aeq I Acivai Drm e Kivi `vwe
w
Kib|
h Kvbv weeKevb gvbyl ^xKvi Kieb h, avwgKMYi G `vwe ivxq I mvgvwRK NvwlZ Dk ARbi Rb
AZ mnvqK| RvMwZK ^v_ ev ewbqv-Pi Pvc K_v ejZ bv cvijI miKvi I ckvmbi b~bZg `vwqZ avwgKì
gZ cKvk I cPvi mnhvwMZv Kiv, hb `k I RvwZ DcKZ nq| agxq Abyf~wZ I `kcg DfqiB `vwe GwU| wK
`ytLRbKfve AbK mgq Gi Dv Kiv nq| wewfb AhynvZ Gì Kiva Kiv nq| KLbv ewbqv-P Gì Acgvb I
wbhvZb Kib Ges ckvmb GìK mnhvwMZv _K weiZ _vK| KLbv ckvmbB Gì Kiva I wbhvZb Ki|
hLb GKRb AveMx avwgK hyeK- weklZ hvi AveM AvQ wK agxq vb c~YZv bB- Gic bMZv, AkxjZv,
gv`KZv BZvw` `L cwZev` ev cwZKvii Kvbv c_B cvb bv, K_v ejvi AwaKvi _K ewZ nb Ges ZvK AcgvwbZ
I jwZ Kiv njI KD Kvbv mnhvwMZv bv Ki, ZLb nZvkv I AveM ZvK DMZvi c_ civwPZ Ki| Gic ew
ZLb AvBb wbRi nvZ Zzj wbZ Pv Kib ev Abvqi cwZevì bvg mwnsmZvq wj nb|
Avgiv AvM ejwQ Ges cieZxZ wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kie h, Bmjvg Gic mwnsmZvi Kvbvic AbygwZ `q bv
Ges mgvRi we AvwjgMYI Zv mg_b Kib bv| Ze AveMxiv Avwjgì dvZIqv bIqvi ci Zvì wmv bb
bv; eis Zviv Zvì wmv MnYi ci dvZIqv Zvjvk Kib Ges Zvì gZB AveMx Kviv dvZIqvK mwVK ej
MnY Ki cv AvwjgìK gZvgZK `vjvwj ev Cgvbi `yejZv ej AvLvwqZ Kib|
1. 10. eKviZ I nZvkv
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 29

wekevcx gymwjg wbab I gymwjg `k Bmjvg-`gb Kw`K Dcii vf mKj gymwjg `k we`gvb _vKjI
Rwev`x Kvhg mKj `k mgvbfve wevi jvf Kiwb| B`vbwkqvq hic mvmx Kvhg j Kiv hvq,
gvjqwkqvZ Zv cvIqv hvq bv, A_P Bmjvgx wkvi wevi, gv`vmvi msLvwaK Ges AvgwiKv I cvvZ weivax gbvfve
gvjqwkqvZ ewk| Gi eo KviY meZ gvjqwkqvi A_bwZK wwZkxjZv Ges cvvZ AvMvmb I wg_vPvii wei
ivxq bZeì my gZvgZ|
Kge I cwiZ gvbyli gb vf ev AveM ewk vb cvq bv| GQvov ivxq bZeì ee Zvì gbi
AveM cwZawYZ nq| dj Zv cKvki Rb weKZ c_i mvb Ki bv| cvi eKvi, mvgvwRK elg ev ckvmwbK
AbvPvii wkKvi gvbyli gbi vf I nZvkvK G mKj AveM Aviv D `q| GQvov GBic gvbylK mnRB eySvbv
hvq h, Gfve `yB-PvwiwU evgv gvij ev gvbyl Lyb KijB Zvgvi gZ AMwYZ gvbyli eKviZ ev AZvPvi kl nq kvw
i w`b Gm hve|
Avgvì `k hviv menvivi ivRZ ev Bmjvgx ivRZ cwZvi Rb mwnsmZv I mvmi Avkq MnY KiQb Zvì
welq h Kvbv gvV Rwic G welqwU cgvY Kie| GgbwK AvwjK wefvRbI Zv cgvY Kie| evsjv`k `wY-cwg,
cwg I Divj hfve mgvRZx Rw ev Bmjvgx Rwi wizUgU me, ivRavbx I Zvi c~e w`K Zv me bq|
Gme GjvKvi A_bwZK `b, eKviZ BZvw` Gi AbZg KviY|
om
.c
st
tru
ah
u nn
ss
.a
w
w
w
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 30

wZxq cwiQ`
Bmjvgi BwZnvm mvm-Rwev`
Avgiv `LwQ h, RvZxq I AvRvwZK cPvi gvagi wg_vPvi I AccPvi Bmjvgx Rwev`-K hfve wPwZ
KiQ Zv KLbvB mZ bq| AwaKvsk Zv wg_v I wfwnxb AwfhvM, KLbv Zv gymwjg RbMvxi ^vaxKvi Av`vqi
msMvg ev AvMvmb weivax wRnv`| ZviciI Avgiv `wL h, Kvbv Kvbv gymwjg Bmjvg cwZvi bvg mvm wj nQ|
cvvZ ivRbxwZwe` I MelKMY Gì KgKvK Bmjvgx Rwev` I mfZvi msNvZ-Gi c cgvY wnme ck
Kib| cvi gymwjg bZe` GìK Bmjvg weivax lohi Ask I Agymwjgì xovbK ej `vwe Kib| wK
Avgvì eySZ ne h, Zvì ga KD Agymwjgì xovbK ev GRU njI mvaviY AbK hyeK ay Bmjvgi
AveMB Gì mv_ hvM w`qQ| Bmjvgi wKQz wkv Zviv weKZfve Dcvcb Ki AbKK AvK KiZ mg
nqQ| G mKj weKwZ ZvwKfve Avgvì chvjvPbv Kiv cqvRb| agxq Abyf~wZ I AveM KLbv Aenjv, Mvwj ev
KVvi kvw w`q Ae`wgZ Kiv hvq bv| agxqfve Gwji weKwZ Dcjw KivbvB Gic ceYZv _vgvbvi AbZg c_|
Bmjvgi bvg DMZvi Dei GKwU KviY Bmjvgi cKZ wkv mK AZv I weKZ aviYv| G c_ cvPxb I
gahyMI Bmjvgi bvg mvmx msMVbi Rb I cmvii NUbv NUQ| Gwji AbZg wQj c_g wnRix kZK Avjx
(iv)-Gi kvmbvgj AvwefyZ LvwiRx `j, 5g wnRix kZK AvwefyZ evwZbx nvkvkxb mc`vq Ges AvaywbK wgmii
om
RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb msMVb| Rw KgKv wj gvbylì K_vevZv I `vwe`vIqvi mv_ Dchy mvmx msMVbwji
wekvm, Z I Kgi AyZ wgj `Lv hvq| Rwevì cvcU eySZ G mKj Mvxi BwZnvm, wekvm I KgKv chvjvPbv
Kiv cqvRb|
.c
2. 1. ivm~jyjvn -Gi fwelvYx st
tru
gymwjg Dvni ga DMZvi Avwefvei welq ivm~jyjvn fwelvYx KiQb| Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (iv) ejb,
ivm~jyjvn ejb,
ah

.
nn
Zvgvì ga Ggb GKwU mc`vq ei ne, hvì mvjvZi cvk Zvgvì mvjvZ Zvgvì KvQB bMY ej
u
gb ne, hvì wmqvgi cvk Zvgvì wmqvg Zvgvì KvQB bMY ej gb ne, hvì bKKgi cvk Zvgvì Kg
ss
Zvgvì KvQB bMY I AcQ`bxq ej gb ne, hviv KziAvb cvV iZ _vKe, wK KziAvb Zvì Kbvjx AwZg
Kie bv| Zxi hgb wkKvii `ni ga cek Ki Ab w`K w`K w`q ewiq hvq (Zxii `n wkKviKZ cvYxi
.a
Kvbv gvsm jM _vK bv), Zgwbfve Zviv `xbi ga cek Ki Avevi ewiq hve (Zvì ga `xbi wKQzB _vKe
bv|)15
w
G A_ 17 Rb mvnvex _K cvq 50wU c_K m~i nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| G mKj nv`xm cgvY Ki h, evwnK
w
AvKlYxq avwgKZv, mZZv I HKvwKZv mI AbK gvbyl DMZvi KviY Bmjvg _K wePzZ ne| ivm~jyjvn ( )-Gi
w
G mKj- cvq AakZ- nv`xm _K Avgiv Gì wevwi KviY I Gì wKQz ewk RvbZ cvwi| Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (iv)
ejb, Bqvgvb _K Avjx (iv) gvwU wgwkZ wKQz ^Y ciY Kib| wZwb D ^Y 4 Rb bIgymwjg Aviexq bZvi ga eb
Ki `b| ZLb emv Pz, DPz Mvj, eo Kcvj I gywZ Pzj, hyj LyIqvBwmiv bvgK GK ew ùvwoq ej:
! ) : ( )
(

Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 31

n Avjvni ivm~j, AvjvnK fq Kib, Avcwb Zv e Bbmvwd Kijb! wZwb ejb, `yfvM Zvgvi! cw _exi eyK
AvjvnK fq Kivi mePq eo AwaKvi wK Avgvi bq? Avwg hw` Avjvni AevaZv Kwi ev e-Bbmvwd Kwi Ze Avjvni
AvbyMZ Ges bvq wePvi Avi K Kie? Avjvn AvgvK cw_exevmxi welq wek ej MY Kijb, Avi Zvgiv Avgvi
wekZvq Avv ivLZ cviQ bv! Gici jvKwU Pj Mj| ZLb Lvwj` Bebyj Iqvwj` (iv) ejb, n Avjvni ivm~j, Avwg
wK jvKwUK (ivm~jyjvn ( )-Gi cwZ Awekvm cvlY Ki agZvM I Kzdix Kivi Aciva) gZz` c`vb Kie bv? wZwb
ejb, bv| nqZev jvKwU mvjvZ Av`vq Ki| Lvwj` (iv) ejb, KZ gymjxB Zv AvQ h gyL hv ej Zvi Ai Zv
bB| ZLb ivmyjyjvn ( ) ejb, AvgvK wb`k Ìqv nq wb h, Avwg gvbyli Ai LuyR `Le ev Zvì cU do
`Le| AZtci wZwb MgbiZ D ewi w`K `wcvZ Ki ejb, G ewi AbyMvgxì ga Ggb GK`j gvbyl ei ne
hviv m`vme`v myì-`qMvnxfve KziAvb wZjvIqvZ Kie, A_P KziAvb Zvì Kbvjx AwZg Kie bv| Zxi hgb
wkKvii `n f` Ki ewiq Pj hvq, GivI Zgwb Bmjvgi ga cek Ki Avevi ewiq Pj hve| Zviv Bmjvg
Abymvixì nZv Kie Ges cwZgv-cv_ii Abymvixì Qo è| Avwg hw` ZvìK cvB Ze mvg~` mc`vqK
hfve wbgyj Kiv nqwQj mfveB Avwg ZvìK nZv Ki wbgyj Kie|16
gynvwm I HwZnvwmKMY DjL KiQb h, hyj LyIqvBwmiv ev iKm bvgK G ew LvwiRxì iRbì GKRb
wQj| 17
GLvb G ew I Zvi Abymvixì wevwi g~j KviYwU cwZfvZ nqQ| Zv wQj BmjvgK eySvi wbRi
om
eySK GKgv mwVK ej gb Kiv Ges G eySi wecixZ mKjKB AbvqKvix ej gb Kiv| GLvb ivm~jyjvn ( )
ivxq m` ebi mvaviY wbqgi ewZg KiQb| wZwb mKj hvvi ga Zv eb bv Ki A KqKRbK
Zv w`qQb| GZ gbi ga ck RvMv ^vfvweK| G gyw gb mnRB eySZ cvib h, wbq Kvbv wekl KviY
.c
Avjvni wekl wb`kB ivm~jyjvn ( ) Zv KiQb| A_ev wZwb ivm~jyjvn -K Gi KviY mK ck KiZ cvib|
st
wK wZwb KLbvB ivm~jyjvn -K AbvqKvix ej Kbv KiZ cvib bv ev ZuvK bvqi Av`k I Abvqi wbla
tru
KiZ cvib bv| wK G ew `xb eySvi evcvi wbRi vbKB P~ov gb KiQ| m Zvi vb w`q Abyfe KiQ h,
ivm~jyjvn Bmjvgi wb`k jNb KiQb Ges ZrYvr m mZ I `xb cwZv-i j ^qs ivm~jyjvn -K AvjvnK
fq KiZ I bvq cwZv KiZ wb`k w`qQ!
ah
GLvb Bmjvgi bvg mvmx Kgi GKwU ewki K_v DjL Kiv nqQ| Zv njv, Giv Gì mvmx Kg g~jZ
gymwjgì wei cwiPvwjZ Ki| gyiZv`, Kvwdi BZvw` AwfhvM Giv gymwjgìK nZv Ki| G welq Avyjvn
nn
Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb:

u

ss
Kvwdiì welq h mKj AvqvZ bvwhj nqQ Giv mwjK wbq gymwjgì Dci cqvM Ki| 18
.a
Avjx (iv) Ges Avyjvn Beby gvmE` (iv) _K wewfb mnxn mb` ewYZ nv`xm ivm~jyjvn ejb,
( )( )
w
(
) ( ) ( )
w
w
)(
G DvZi ga (Zvgvì ga, kl hyM) Ggb GKwU mc`vq AvMgb Kie hviv eqm ZiY Ges Zvì
eywvb AcwicZv I cMfZvq c~Y| gvbyl hZ K_v ej Zba mevg K_v Zviv eje (mevg gvbyli K_v eje,
mZ-bvqi K_v eje)| wK Zviv mZ, bvq I Bmjvg _K Zgwb wQUK ewiq hve, hgb Ki Zxi wkKvii `n
f` Ki wQUK ewiq hvq| Zvì Cgvb Zvì Kbvjx AwZg Kie bv| Zvgiv hLb hLvbB ZvìK cve ZLb
ZvìK nZv Kie; KviY ZvìK hviv nZv Kie Zvì Rb wKqvgZi w`b Avjvni wbKU cyivi _vKe|19
GLvb Bmjvgi bvg ev mZ, bvq I n cwZvi bvg mvmxKg wj gvbylì `ywU ewk DjL Kiv nqQ:
c_gZ, Giv AcvKZ ZiY eqmi| hyj LyIqvBwmivi gZ `yPvi Rb eq gvbyl Gì ga _vKjI Gì
bZZ, wmvMnYi gZv BZvw` meB hyeK ev ZiYì nvZ| mgvRi eq I Awf Avwjg I bZeì bZZ ev
civgk Giv g~jvqb Ki bv|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 32

wZxqZ, Gì eyw Acwic I cMjfZvc~Y| Avgiv AvMB `LwQ h, mKj mvmB g~jZ ivRbwZK cwieZb
ARbi j cwiPvwjZ nq| Avi ivRbwZK cwieZbi Rb AwiZv I A`yi`wkZv mvmx Kgi AbZg KviY|
Acwic eyw, AwfZvi Afve I `~i`wkZvi KgwZi mv_ wbRi vb I eywi Anvi G mKj mZv^lx I avwgK
hyeKK Bmjvg _K wePzZ KiwQj|
2. 2. LvwiRx mc`vq
ivm~jyjvn -Gi G fwelvYx meRbxb Ges mKj hyMB Gic gvbyli Avwefve nZ cvi| Ze mvnvexMYi hyM
_K gymwjg Dvni AvwjgMY GKgZ h, G fwelvYxi c_g evevqb nqwQj LvwiRxì Avwefvei ga w`q|20
LvwiRx mc`vqi KgKvB Avgiv Bmjvgi BwZnvm DMZv I mvmi c_g NUbv `LZ cvB| 35 wnRix mvj (656
L) Bmjvgx iv&i ivcavb Ljxdv Dmgvb Beby Avd&dvb (iv) KwZcq we`vnxi nvZ wbggfve knx` nb| we`vnxì
ga ivgZv `Lji ev ivcavb nIqvi gZ KD wQj bv| Zuviv ivRavbx g`xbvi mvnvexMYK G welq Pvc w`Z _vK|
GKchvq Avjx (iv) wLjvdZi `vwqZfvi MnY Kib| gymwjg ivi mbvcwZ I MfbiMY Avjxi AvbyMZ ^xKvi Kib|
wK Dmgvb (iv) KZK wbhy wmwiqvi Mfbi gyAvweqv (iv) Avjxi AvbyMZ MnY A^xKwZ Rvbvb| wZwb `vwe Rvbvb h,
AvM Ljxdv Dmgvbi nZvKvixì wePvi KiZ ne| Avjx (iv) `vwe Rvbvb h, HKe nq ivxq kLjv wdwiq Avbvi
c~e we`vnxì wePvi i Kij wekLjv ew cZ cvi, KvRB AvM Avgvì HKe nZ ne| gv^q welqwU
Nvivjv nq Mnhy cwiYZ nq| wmd&dxbi hy Dfqc nZvnZ nZ _vK| GK chvq Dfqc AvjvPbvi gvag
om
welqwU wbw Kivi Rb GKwU mvwjmx gRwjm MVb Kib|
G chvq Avjxi (iv) Abymvixì ga _K KqK nvRvi gvbyl Avjxi c ZvM Kib| GìK LvwiRx A_v r
.c
`jZvMx ev we`vnx ejv nq| Giv wQjb Bmjvgi wZxq cRbi gvbyl, hviv ivm~jyjvni ( ) BKvji ci Bmjvg
st
MnY Kib| Gì cvq mKjB wQjb hyeK| Giv wQjb AZ avwgK I wbvevb AveMx gymwjg| mvivivZ Zvnvy`
Av`vq I mivw`b whK&i I KziAvb cvV iZ _vKvi KviY Giv Kzi&iv ev KziAvbcvVKvix `j ej mycwiwPZ wQjb| Giv
tru
`vwe Kib h, GKgv KziAvbi AvBb I Avjvni Kzg Qvov wKQzB Pje bv| Avjvni wb`k, Aevaì mv_ joZ
ne| Avjvn ejQb:
ah

nn
.
u
gyw gbMYi `y `j hy wj nj Zvgiv Zvì ga gxgvsmv Ki è| AZtci Zvì GK`j Aci `ji Dci
ss
AZvPvi ev mxgvjNb Kij Zvgiv RyjygKvix ev mxgvjNbKvix `ji wei hy Ki, hZY bv Zviv Avjvni wb`ki
w`K wdi Avm|21
.a
GLvb Avjvn _nxbfve wb`k w`qQb h, mxgvjNbKvix `ji mv_ hy Pvwjq hZ ne, hZY bv Zviv
w
wdi Avm| gyAvweqvi (iv) `j mxgvjNbKvix, KvRB Zvì AvZmgcY bv Kiv ch hy Pvwjq hZ ne|
AvZmgcbi AvMB hy _vgvbv ev G welq gvbylK mvwjm evbvbvi A_B Avjvn hv AeZxY KiQb Zvi ewZg weavb
w
Ìqv| GQvov Avjvn ejQb:

w

22
Kzg ay AvjvniB|
KvRB gvbylK dqmvjv Kivi `vwqZ c`vb KziAvbi wb`ki jNb| Avjvn Aviv ejQb:

Avjvn hv AeZxY KiQb, Z`vbymvi hviv weavb `q bv ZvivB Kvwdi|23
Avjx I Zvi AbyMvgxiv hnZz Avjvni bvwhj Kiv weavb gZ gyAvweqvi mv_ hy bv Pvwjq, mvwjmi weavb
w`qQb, mnZz Zuviv Kvwdi| Zviv `vwe Kib, Avjx (iv), gyAvweqv (iv) I Zuvì Abymvixiv mKjB KziAvbi AvBb
Agvb Ki Kvwdi nq wMqQb| KvRB Zuì ZvIev KiZ ne| Zuviv Zuvì KgK Aciva ej gvbZ A^xKvi Kij
Zviv Zuvì mv_ hy i Ki|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 33

LvwiRxiv Zvì gZi c KziAvbi wewfb AvqvZ DZ KiZ _vKb| Avyjvn Beby Avevm (iv) I Abvb
mvnvex ZvìK G gg eySvZ Pv Kib h, KziAvb I nv`xm eySvi mePq cvig njb ivm~jyjvn ( )-Gi
AvRxebi mnPi mvnvexMY| KziAvb I nv`xmi Zvgiv h A_ eySQ Zv mwVK bq, eis mvnvexì evLvB mwVK| GZ
wKQz gvbyl DMZv ZvM KijI evwKiv Zvì gZKB mwVK ej `vwe Kib| Zviv mvnvexìK `vjvj, AvcvlKvgx,
Abvqi mnhvMx BZvw` gb Ki Zvì wei hy Ki Bmjvg cwZvi msMvg Pvwjq hZ _vK|24
mvwjwm eev Avjx (iv) I gyAvweqv (iv)-Gi gaKvi weev` wbwZ e_ nIqvZ Zvì `vwe I cPviYv Aviv
Rvi`vi nq| Zviv AveMx hyeKìK eySvZ _vK h, AvcvmKvwgZvi ga w`q KLbv n cwZv nZ cvi bv|
KvRB `xb cwZvi Rb KziAvbi wb`k Abymvi wRnv` Pvwjq hZ ne| dj ermi LvbKi gaB Zvì msLv
3/4 nvRvi _K ew cq cvq 25/30 nvRvi cwiYZ nq| 37 wnRixZ gv 3/4 nvRvi gvbyl Avjxi (iv) `j ZvM
Kib| A_P 38 wnRixZ bvnvIqvì hy Avjxi evwnbxi wei LvwiRx evwnbxZ cvq 25 nvRvi mb DcwZ wQj|25
Zviv gb Ki, hnZz Avjx (iv) I gyAvweqv (iv) gymwjg DvnK Lv`v`vwnZvi ga wbgwZ KiQb, mnZz
ZvìK nZv KijB RvwZ G cwjZv _K Dvi cve| GRb Avyi ivngvb Beby gyjwRg bvg GKew 40
wnRixi ivgv`vb gvmi 21 ZvwiL dRii mvjvZi c~e Avjx hLb evwo _K ei nb, ZLb welv Zievix viv ZuvK
AvNvZ Ki| Avjxi (iv) kvnv`Zi ci DwRZ mbiv hLb Avyi ivngvbi nc` KZb Ki ZLb m gvUI K
cKvk Ki bv, eis Avb` cKvk Ki| wK hLb Zviv Zvi wRnv KZb KiZ Pvq ZLb m AZ Avcw I e`bv cKvk
om
Ki| ZvK KviY wRvmv Kiv nj m ej, Avwg PvB h, Avjvni whK&i KiZ KiZ Avwg knx` ne!26
G NvZKK cksmv Ki Zvì GK Kwe Bgivb Beby wnvb (84 wn) ejb: KZ gnvb wQjb m bKKvi gyvwK
gvbylwU, whwb m gnvb AvNvZwU KiwQjb! m AvNvZwUi viv wZwb Aviki AwacwZi mw Qvov Avi wKQzB Pvb wb| Avwg
.c
cvqB Zuvi iY Kwi Ges gb Kwi, Avjvni KvQ mePq ewk mvIqvei AwaKvix gvbyl wZwbB| 27
st
Avjx (iv) I Abvb mvnvex Gì wbv I avwgKZvi KviY Gì cwZ AZ ì` Abyfe KiZb| Zuviv GìK
tru
DMZvi c_ _K wdwiq Avbvi Rb AbK Pv Kib| wK mKj Pv e_ nq| Zviv Zvì evi Bmjvg ev Bmjvg
mK Zvì wbR^ wPv I evLv cwiZvM KiZ A^xKvi Kib| AvjxK ck Kiv nq: Giv wK Kvwdi? wZwb ejb, Giv
ah
Zv Kzdix _K euvPvi RbB cvwjq eovQ| ejv nq, Ze wK Zviv gybvwdK? wZwb ejb, gybvwdKiv Zv Lye KgB
Avjvni whK&i Ki, Avi Giv Zv ivZw`b Avjvni whK&i wj| ejv nq, Ze Giv Kx? wZwb ejb, Giv wevw I wbR-gZ
c~Rvi wdZbvi ga wbcwZZ nq A I ewai nq wMqQ|28
nn
Bmjvg cwZvi Rb Gì msMvg wQj AZ AvwiK| Aviex mvwnZ Gì KweZv Bmjvgx Rhev I wRnv`x
ciYvi AZzjbxq fvvi|29 Gì avwgKZv I mZZv wQj AZzjbxq| ivZw`b bdj mvjvZ `xN mvR`vq co _vKZ
u
ss
_vKZ Zvì Kcvj Kov co wMqwQj| Zvì Kvi cvk w`q Mj ay KziAvb wZjvIqvZi AvIqvRB Kvb
AvmZv|30 KziAvb cvV Kij ev bj Zviv Kuv`Z Kuv`Z ek nq hZ|31
.a
cvkvcvwk Gì wnsmZv I mvm wQj fqi| 37 wnRix _K i Ki cieZx KqK kZvx ch Gì mvm,
nZv I hy AevnZ _vK| 64-70 wnRixi w`K Avyjvn Beby hyevBi I DgvBqv eski kvmKMYi ga hy Zviv
w
Avyjvn Beby hyevBiK mg_b Ki| KviY Zvì gZ, wZwbB mwZKvi Bmjvgx kvmb cwZv KiwQjb| wK wZwb hLb
w
Dmgvb (iv) I Avjx (iv)-K Kvwdi ejZ A^xKvi Kijb, Dci Zuvì cksmv Kijb ZLb Zviv Zvi weivwaZv i
w
Ki|
99-100 wnRixi w`K DgvBqv Ljxdv Dgvi Beby Avyj Avhxh Zvì avwgKZv I wbvi KviY ZvìK eywSq
fvj c_ Avbvi Pv Kib| Zviv Zuvi mZZv, bvqwePvi I Bmjvgi cwic~Y AbymiYi welq GKgZ cvlY Ki| Ze
Zvì `vwe wQj, Dmgvb (iv) I Avjx (iv)-K Kvwdi ejZ ne, KviY Zviv Avjvni wb`ki wecixZ weavb c`vb
KiQb| GQvov gyAvweqv (iv) I cieZx DgvBqv kvmKìKI Kvwdi ejZ ne, KviY Zviv Avjvni weavb cwiZvM Ki
kvmKì gbMov AvBb `k cwiPvjbv Kib| hgb, ivRZ cwZv, ivRKvli m` h_Q eenvi kvmKi gZv
c`vb BZvw`| Dgvi Beby Avyj Avhxh Zvì G `vex bv gvbvZ kvw cPv e_ nq| Zuvi wbRi kvmbKvh Bmjvg mZ
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 34

ej ^xKvi Kiv mI Zviv Zuvi wei hy Pvwjq hvIqvi wmv AUj _vK|32
Giv gb KiZ h, Bmjvgx wewaweavbi jNb njB gymwjg ew Kvwdi cwiYZ nq| Zviv Gic Kvwdiì
wei hy Ki Bmjvg cwZv ev ivRbwZK chvq Bmjvgx wewaweavb Zvì aviYvgZ cwic~Y evevqbi Rb ivxq
bZZi evBi `je nq hy cwiPvjbv Ki| GQvov Zviv AvjxK Kvwdi gb Kib bv Gic mvaviY Ahvv cyil, bvix
I wkì nZv KiZ _vK|33
DjL h, AwaKvsk mvnvex Avjx (iv) I gyAvweqv (iv)-Gi gaKvi ivRbwZK gZweiva I hy AskMnY _K
weiZ wQjb| cwm Zvweqx Beby wmixb (110 wn) ejb, hLb wdZbv i njv, ZLb nvRvi nvRvi mvnvex RxweZ wQjb|
Zvì ga _K 100 Rb mvnvexI GZ Ask MnY Kib wb| eis GZ AskMnYKvix mvnvexì msLv 30 RbiI Kg
wQj|34
G mKj mvnvex I Abvb mvnvex-Zvweqx bwZKfve Avjxi (iv) Kg mg_b KiZb| ZvK cvcx ev Bmjvg-
jNbKvix ejZ KLbvB ivwR nZb bv| LvwiRxMY GìKI Kvwdi ej nZv KiZ|
GKwU bgybv `Lyb! mvnvex Lvevi Bebyj AvivZ-Gi cy Avyjvn Zuvi x cwiRbì wbq c_ PjwQjb|
LvwiRxMY ZuvK Dmgvb (iv) I Avjx (iv) mK ck Ki| wZwb Zuvì mK fvj ge Kib Ges mvm I nZvi
fqvbK cwiYwZi welq nv`xm ejb| ZLb Zviv ZuvK b`xi avi wbq RevB Ki Ges Zuvi MfeZx x I Abvb bvix I
wkK nZv Ki| Gmgq Zviv GKvb wekvg KiZ em| Z_vq GKwU LRyi MvQ _K GKwU LRyi Si coj
om
GKRb LvwiRx Zv Zzj wbq gyL `q| ZLb Ab GKRb ej, Zzwg g~j bv w`q cii è fY Kij? jvKwU
ZvovZvwo LRyiwU DMi `q| AviKRb LvwiRx GKwU k~Ki `L Zvi `n wbRi Zievix w`q AvNvZ Ki| ZrYvr
Zvi eziv cwZev` Ki ej, GZv Abvq, Zzwg Gfve Avjvni hwgb wekLjv QovQ I cii m` b KiQ! ZLb Zviv
.c
k~Kii Agymwjg gvwjKK LuyR ZvK UvKv w`q gv Pq bq|35 st
Gfve Zviv Agymwjgì welq Bmjvgi D`viZv MnY KiQ, mvgvb GKwU LRyii welq ev`vi n b KivK
tru
fq cvQ, A_P wfbgZvej^x gymwjgK wewfb AhynvZ Kvwdi ej Bmjvgi bvg ZvK nZv KiQ Ges wbi bvix I
wkìKI nZv KiQ|
LvwiRxMYi wevwKi gZevì AbZg wQj:
ah
(1) Bmjvgi wb`kbv ev KziAvb eySvi wbRì eySKB P~ov ej MY Kiv| G mvnvexMYi gZvgZi
iZ A^xKvi Kiv|
nn
(2) nv`xm gvbjI mybvZ ev AvjvP I weZwKZ welq ivm~jyjvn -Gi cvqvwMK Kg I Kgc wZi iZ A^xKvi
Kiv|
u
(3) cvci KviY gymwjgK Kvwdi ejv|

ss
(4) Kvwdi nZvi XvjvI eaZv `vwe Kiv|

(5) ivxq AvbyMZi kiqx iZ A^xKvi Kiv|
.a
(6) ivcavb I ivxq ckvmbi cvci KviY ivK Kvwdi iv ej MY Kiv|

w
(7) Gic ivcavbi AvbyMZKvix bvMwiKìK Kvwdi ejv|

w
(8) Gic Kvwdi iv I bvMwiKì wei AaviY ea ejv|

(9) wRnv`K dih AvBb, eo dih I `xbi iKb ej `vwe Kiv|
w
(10) bvqi Av`k I Abvqi wblai bvg kvw c`vb|

(11) Zvì gZi weivax mKj AvwjgK Aev Kiv|36
2. 3. evwZbx kxqv mc`vq
Bmjvgi BwZnvm AviKwU mvmx `j wQj evwZbx wkqv ev nvkvkxbMY (Assassins)| wkqv mc`vqi AbK
Dc`ji GKwU evwZbx mc`vq| wkqvMY Bmjvgi agxq I ivRbwZK bZZ ev BgvgZ eskZvwK ej wekvm Kib|
Zuvì gZ ivm~jyjvn -Gi ci gymwjg Dvni ivRbwZK I agxq Dfqwea bZZ Avjx (iv)-Gi cvc wQj| Gici Zv
Zuvi eskaiì gaB _vKe| G bZZ ev BgvgZK K` Ki Zvì ga AbK `j Dc`j mw nqQ| AwaKvsk
wkqv wekvm Kib h, Avjx eski 6 Bgvg Rvdvi mvw`Ki (148 wn) ci Zuvi Kwb cy g~mv Kvwhg (183 wn) BgvgZ
jvf Kib| GK`j gb Ki h, Rvdvi mvw`Ki R cy BmgvCj (148 wn) wQjb cKZ Bgvg| Zuvi ci G BgvgZ
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 35

Zuvi mvbì ga _vK| GìK BmgvCwjqv evwZbxqv mc`vq ejv nq|
evwZbxqv mc`vqi gZvgZi g~j wfw agi wb`kvejxi evwZbx ev Mvcb evLv| Zuvì gZ, Bmjvgx Bjg
`ycKvii: hvwnix I evwZbx|37 Zviv `vwe Kib, Bmjvgi wb`kvejxi `ywU A_ iqQ| c_gZ evwnK ev hvwnix A_| G
A_ mKjB eySZ cvi| Avi wZxq A_ evwZbx ev Mvcb A_| G A_ ay Avjx eski BgvgMY ev Zvì Ljxdv ev
cwZwbwaMY Rvbb| Avi G Mvcb A_B nvKxKZ ev Bmjvgi cKZ wb`kbv| G nvKxKZi vbB cKZ gvwidZ| ay
mvaviY RvwnjMYB hvwnix ev cKvk Bjg I Avgj wbq co _vK| Avi mwZKvi ev`viv Mvcb A_ ev nvKxKZ eyS
gvwidvZ ARb Kib Ges mgZB Zvì Rxeb cwiPvjbv Ki Avjvni wcqcv nb|
G g~jbxwZi wfwZ evwZbx mc`vqi bZviv Zvì myweavgZ KziAvbi wb`kvejx evLv KiZb| Cgvb, mvjvZ,
wmqvg, n, wRnv` BZvw` Bev`Zi gbMov evLv Ki Zviv mwj evwZj Kib| g`, ewfPvi, BZvw` cvci gbMov
evLv w`q Zviv mwj ea Ki `b| Zuvì Abymvixiv Zvì G mKj evLv fwfi gb wbZb|
3q-4_ wnRix kZvxZ Bqvgvb, BivK, giv, wgmi BZvw` Aj BmgvBjxq evwZbx wkqvMY KvivwgZv,
dvwZwgqv BZvw` wewfb bvg ivRbwZK gZv `Lj Ki iv cwZv KiZ mg nq| Giv hnZz Bmjvgi
wb`kbvwjK wbRì gZgZ evLv KiZ mnZz Giv Zvì ivRbwZK Dk nvwmj Kivi Rb cqvRbgZ mvm,
wbwePvi nZv, nZv BZvwì Avkq MnY KiZ| Zvì Abymvixiv webv hywZ Zvì AvbyMZ KiZ| G mKj
mvmxì AbZg wQj nvkvwkqv wbhvwiqv evwZbx mc`vq| nvwkk ev Avwdg I MvRv RvZxq èvw` eenvi wQj Zvì
om
gwjK cwiPq| GRb Zviv nvkvkxb bvg LvZ nq| Giv cg-l wnRix kZvxZ gymwjg wek mvm I nZvi
AcwZiva aviv mw Ki| Aviex nvkvkxb k _KB BsiRx assassin I Zrmswk kwj nZv A_ eenvi Kiv
nqQ|
.c
nvmvb Beby mvevn bvgK GK Bivbx wbRK BmgvCjxqv wkqv gZevì Bgvg I wgmii kvmK gymZvbwmi wejvn
st
(487 wn)-Gi R cy wbhvi-Gi Ljxdv I cwZwbwa ej `vwe Kib| wZwb cPvi Kib h, eyw, weeK ev hyw w`q
tru
KziAvb I Bmjvgi wb`k eySv me bq| KziAvbi mwVK I Mvcb evLv eySZ ay wbvc Bgvgi gZvgZi DciB
wbfi KiZ ne| Avi mB Bgvg jyvwqZ iqQb| Zuvi cwZwbwa wnme nvmvb wbR KvR KiQb| wZwb Zvi fì
ah
ga GK`j Rvbevh wd`vqx Zwi Kib| hviv Zvi wb`k ZvrwYKfve AvZnbb mn h Kvbv Kgi Rb cZ
_vKZ|
nn
Gì gvag wZwb Di cvim AvjeyR ceZi `k nvRvi Kzwo dzU DP cvKwZK m`hivwR cwic~Y DcZvKvq
Avj-gvIZ bvgK GK `yf` `yM wbgvY Ki Z_vq Zvi ivRbwZK K` vcb Kib| mLvb _K wZwb Zvi agxq-
u
ivRbwZK cPviYv PvjvZ _vKb| Zvi cPvwiZ agxq-ivRbwZK Av`k cwZvi hvKB wZwb k gb KiZb
ss
ZvK nZv Kivi wb`k w`Zb| Bmjvgi BwZnvm agi bvg ev ivRbwZK Dk nvwmji Rb XvjvI nZv
Gfve Avi Kvbv `j Ki wb| GmKj `yal AvZNvZx wd`vqxì nvZ ZrKvjxb mycwm Dwhi wbhvgyj gyjK, cwm
.a
Avwjg bRygyxb Kzeiv mn AbK gymwjg wbnZ nb| cvkeZx GjvKv I `kwjZ Mfxi fxwZ I mvmi cwiek mw nq|
KviY KDB eySZ cviZb bv h, G mKj wd`vCì cieZx UvMU K| nvmvbi ci Zvi eskaiiv Avj-gvIZ `~M
w
_K wd`vCì gvag Zvì KgKv AevnZ ivL| ZrKvjxb gymwjg kvmKMY Gì `gb AbK Pv KiI e_ nb|
w
Aekl 654 wnRixZ (1256 L) nvjvKz Lvi evwnbx Gì wbg~j Ki|38
w
Avgiv `LwQ h, LvwiRxMYi bvq evwZbx-MYi wevwi g~j wQj Bmjvgi wb`kbv eySvi ivm~jyjvn I
mvnvexMYi Kgavivi iZ bv Ìqv| Ze LvwiRxì mv_ Gì wKQz cv_K Avgiv `LZ cvB:
(1) LvwiRxMY wRnvì bvg mk ivxq mbvevwnbxi mv_ hy, Ahvv Rbcì Dci nvgjv, nZv I jyUZivR
KijI mvaviYZ nZv KiZ bv| Avjx (iv), gyAvweqv (iv) cgyLi nZvi cwiKbv I Avjx (iv)-K nZv Kiv
Qvov Ab KvDK Zviv nZv KiQ ej Rvbv hvq bv| cvi evwZbxMYi g~j KgB wQj nZv|
(2) LvwiRxMYi KgKv AvZnZv ev AvZNvZx nvgjvi Kvbv NUbv `LZ cvB bv| cvi evwZbxMY bZvi
wb`k gZzeiY KivKB RvbvZi c_ ej wekvm KiZ, AvZnbb ev Abi nvZ gZzi ga cv_K KiZ bv|
(3) LvwiRxMY Bmjvgx kixqZi cyLvbycyL Abym iY KiZ| G welq Kvbvic Qvo ÌqvK Kzdix ej gb
KiZ| cvi evwZbxMY kixqZ cvjb Riix ej gb KiZ bv| weklZ bZvi wb`k h Kvbv kixqZ weivax Kg
KivK ea gb KiZ|
(4) LvwiRxMY KLbvB wbRì Av`k cPvi I cwZvi Rb MvcbxqZv ev wg_vi Avkq MnY KiZ bv| Zviv
wbRì wekvm I Kgi K_v myfveB cPvi KiZ| cvi evwZbx mc`vqi KgKvi wfwB wQj MvcbxqZv I
wg_v| Zviv me`v wbRì gZev` Mvcb iL mgvRi gvbylì mv_ gZ, wekvm I Kg GKvZZv cKvk KiZ| ay
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 36

evQvB Kiv gvbylì KvQ wbRì gZvgZ cKvk Ki `vIqvZ w`Z| 39
2. 4. RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb ev ZvKdxi Iqvj wnRiv
JcwbewkK kvmb _K ^vaxbZv jvfi ci wewfb gymwjg `k AbK avwgK gymwjg mvgvwRK, A_bwZK,
ivRbwZK mvswZK BZvw` mKj Bmjvgx Av`k I ixwZbxwZZ cZveZbi Rb `vwe KiZ _vKb| wesk kZvxi
ZZxq `kK _KB gacvPi AbZg cavb `k wgmi G RvZxq `vwe DwZ nZ _vK| mvaviY gymwjg hyeK I wkwZ
gvbylì ga G PZbv gv^q vb jvf KiZ _vK| cvki `kK _K wgmii kvmKMvx Gì `vwei cwZ
KYcvZ Kivi cwieZ GìK `gb Kivi c_ eQ bb| Zuvì `vwe ck Kivi MYZvwK AwaKvi _KI Zvì ewZ
Kiv nq| ay ZvB bq wbwePvi AMwYZ Avwjg, Wvvi, Bwwbqvi, wekwe`vjqi wkK, Qv, eywRxex, AvBbRxex I
mvaviY bvMwiKK KvivMvi AvUK Kiv nq| Giv wQjb mgvRi mePq f`, kvjxb I mr hyeK| Zvì wei Kvbv
cKvii Aciva ev AvBb Agvbi AwfhvM cvIqv hvq wb| GKwU gv AwfhvM ZvìK AvUK Kiv nq, Zv njv Zviv
BLIqvbyj gymwjgxb msMVbi m`m| Avi BLIqvbi m`m ej KvDK AvUK Kivi ci D msMVbi mv_ Zvi
mK cgvY Kivi Kvbv `vq `vwqZ wgmii cywjk evwnbxK enb KiZ nZv bv|
1968 mvji w`K Avjx gvng~` bvg GKRb mvsevw`K Bmjvg-cx nIqvi AwfhvM MdZvi nb| wZwb
Bmjvgcx nIqv Zv `~ii K_v agKg h_vixwZ cvjbi AfvmI Zvi wQj bv| mevevq Rj _K Qvov cvIqvi ci
wZwb KvivMvii ivRbvgPv cKvk Kib| Gi GK vb wZwb wjLQb: wgmixq Mvq`v wefvMi cavb gRi Rbvij
om
nvmvb ZvjAvZ MdZviKZ Bmjvgcxì mv_ mivmwi Avjvci gvag ZvìK mskvabi `vwqZ bb| wZwb
KvivMvi Avmj 18/19 ermii GK hyeK ck Kib, ZvK Kb webv wePvi `xNw `b AvUK ivLv nqQ, m Zv Kvbv
.c
`jgZi mv_ Kvbvfve RwoZ bq? ZLb jdUbvU mvj~gv Rbviji Kvb wKQz ejb| ZLb Rbvij MR DV
st
ejb, Kb ZvgvK gmwR` _K MdZvi Kiv nq wb? Zzwg gmwR` wQj bv? Zvnj wKfve `vwe KiQ h, Zzwg Kvbv
`ji m`m bI? ZLb mLvb DcwZ GKRb Bgvg kL Avwid ejb, evev, ZvgvK hw` ekvjq ev gì Avv _K
tru
MdZvi Kiv nZv, Ze Zvgvi euvPvi c_ _vKZ| wK ZvgvK hnZz gmwR` cvIqv wMqQ, KvRB Zvgvi `yfvMi
kl bB!40
ah
Gfve wbwePvi wbixn, avwgK hyeKìK MYnvi MdZvi Kiv nq| KvivMvii Afi Zviv AKbxq I AeYbxq
AgvbweK AZvPvi I wePviewnfyZ nZvi myLxb nb| G AZvPvi KwZcq hyeKi ga DM cwZwqv mw Ki| Giv
nn
LvwiRxì Abyic mvmx wPvPZbvK Bmjvgx Av`k ej cPvi KiZ _vK| Gì AbZg wQj wgmii Kix Avng`
gymZdv cwZwZ RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb|
u
Kix Avng` gymZvdv 1942 mvj AvmBq~Z RbMnY Kib| 23 ermi eqm 1965 mvj wgmii Avmq~Z knii
ss
Kwl wekwe`jq AaqbiZ Aev q ZvK BLIqvbyj gymwjgxbi m`m nIqvi AwfhvM MdZvi Kiv nq| `xN cv q 7
ermi KvivfvMi ci 1971 mvj ZvK gyw Ìqv nq| KvivMvi _K wZwb bZzb GK ecweK wPv I Z wbq ei
.a
nb|
w
wZwb I Zuvi Abymvixiv `vwe Kib h, GKgv Zuvì wRnv`x KgKvi gvagB `xbi weRq me ne| Zviv Aviv
`vwe Kib h, AZ `ZB Zviv G weRq ARb mg neb| Zuvì GmKj `vwe `vIqv I `Z Bmjvg cwZvi AvMn
w
AbK hyeKK AvK KiZ mg nq| Zviv RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb bvg GKwU `j MVb Kib| mvaviY gvbyl G `jK
w
RvgvAvZzZ ZvKdxi Iqvj wnRivn bvg wPbZb| ZvKdxi A_ Kvwdi ejv Ges wnRivn A_ wnRiZ ev cwiZvM
Kiv| G `ji g~jbxwZ wQj Zviv Qvov mgvRi mKj gvbylB Kvwdi Ges Kvwdiì mgvR _K wnRiZ Ki Zvì mgvR
bv hvIqv ch Kvbv ew gymwjg ej MY ne bv|
Kix I Zuvi Abymvixiv LvwiRx gZev` MnYi cKvk NvlYv `b Ges LvwiRx gZev`B KziAvb-nv`xm mgw_Z
GKgv mwVK gZev` ej `vwe Kib| LvwiRxì gZB Zvì ga Bjgi Pq AveM wQj ewk| Gì bZeì
KDB Avwjg wQjb bv; mKjB wQjb mvaviY wkwZ hyeK| KziAvb I nv`xm eySvi wbRì eySKB Zviv P~ov
ej gb KiZb| GQvov mvnvexMYi hyM _K AvaywbK hyM ch mKj gymwjg cRbK Zviv BmjvgPzZ ej gb
KiZb; KviY, -Zvì `vwe Abymvi- Zuviv mwVK Bmjvg cwZvi Rb Pv bv Ki Lv`v`vnx ZvZx ivkwi mv_
Avcvm KiQb|
mvnvexMYi hyM _K i Ki cieZx mKj hyMi Avwjg, Bgvg, gyRZvwn`, gynvwm I mgKvwjb mKj AvwjgK
Zviv gyL, ^v_c i, AvcmKvgx, ZvZ-Gi Abymvix, BZvw` ej AwfwnZ KiZb| Kvbv Avwjgi cyK coZ ev
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 37
KvDK ck KiZ Zviv Zvì Abymvixì KwVbfve wbla KiZb| 41 mvnvex, Zvweqx I cieZx hyMi Avwjgì evLv
ev gZvgZK Zviv Kvbvic g~jvqb KiZb bv| nv`xm MnY Kivi welq Zviv wbRì cQì Dci wbfi KiZ|
Zvì gZ KziAvb I nv`xmi cvkvcvwk gvbyl I gvbyli eyw-weeKB Bmjvgi g~j Drm|42
Giv LvwiRxì gZB wewfb hyw I AhynvZ Zvì `jfy nZ AvcwKvix mKj gymwjgK Kvwdi-gyiZv` wnme
MY Ki ZvìK nZv Kivi Rb `ji Kgxì cwZ wb`k Rvwi Ki| weklZ h mKj Avwjg I Bmjvgx ewZ
Gì Kgxì mv_ hvMvhvM Ki Zvì wevw eySvZ Pv KiZb ev KziAvb I mybvni AvjvK Zvì gZevì
fyjwj cKvk KiZb ZvìK Zviv nZv KiZ i Ki| 1977 mvji RyjvB gvm Zviv wgmii mycwm Avwjg I
MelK cwZ W. gynvv` mvBb hvnvexK AcniY Ki Ges ci ZvK nZv Ki| 43 G nZvKvi ci miKvi GìK
MdZvi Ki Ges 30/3/1978 ZvwiL Kix I Abvb bZe`K gZy` c`vb Ki| evwKìK `xN gqvw` Kviv`
Ìqv nq|
`Lv hvq h, W. hvnvexi nZvKvi gvag GKgv wgmi miKviB jvfevb nb| Zuviv G AwfhvM Kix I Zvi
mnKgxìK gZz` w`Z cvib| G NUbvK wfw Ki miKvi Ges cPvi gvag XvjvIfve Bmjvgcx I avwgK
gvbylìK mvmx ej wPwZ KiZ i Ki Ges miKvi bZzb Ki Bmjvgcxì MdZvi I AZvPvii myhvM cvb|
mevcwi W. hvnvexi gZ GKRb `jwbic A_P fvlx Avwjgi mgvjvPbv _K miKvi iv cvb|
G AcniY, nZvKv, wePvi I kvwc`vbi UvBwgsUvI AZ iZc~Y| W. hvnvexi AcniYi ci wgmii mv_
om
Bmvqji kvw AvjvPbv i nq I kvw Pzw mvw`Z nq| wgmievmxMY Ges weklZ Bmjvgcxiv Bmvqji mv_
Pzwi weivax wQjb| wK W. hvnvexi AcniYi ci Bmjvgcxì wei evcK AccPvi, aicvKo I wbhvZbi gaB
G Pzwi AvjvPbv i I kl nq| Gì gZz` Bmjvgcx-ìK gmR c`vb Ki h, KD kvwPzwi wei
.c
KVvi Aevb wbj ZviI Gic Aev ne| st
hwÌ Kix I Zvi mnPiMY Zvì gZevì wfwZ Kvwdi-gyiZv` W. hvnvexK nZv Kivi K_v myfve
tru
^xKvi Ki, ZeyI AbK MelK gb Kib h, miKvii AbyPiMYB Zvì MvcbxqZv, eMZv I DMZvi KviY ZvìK
myKkj G Kg civwPZ Ki| weklZ, W. hvnvexK AcniYi g~j `vwqZ cvjb Kib Avng` ZvwiK bvg GKRb
cywjk Awdmvi, whwb AcniY NUbvi wKQz AvM Bmjvg cwZvi wekl AvMn wbq RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb hvM`vb
ah
Kib|44
1978 mvji ci Gì Rvivjv DcwwZ bv _vKjI Gì wPvPZbv I gZev`wj cieZxKvj AbK AveMx
nn
gymwjgi ga cfve djQ| DMZvq wj mgKvjxb wewfb `j-Dc`ji ga Zvì G mKj gZev` GKBfve we`gvb
ej `Lv hvq|
u
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, cvPxb LvwiRxMYi bvq Kix gydv I Zuvi RvgvAvZyj gymwjgxb ev RvgvAvZzZ
ss
ZvKdxi Iqvj wnRiv-i g~j wevw wQj AwZ AveM, `xbi welq AwZ-evovevwo, ag cvjb I eySvi Anvi I KziAvb-
.a
nv`xmi wb`kbv eySvi ivm~jyjvn I mvnvexMYi cvqvwMK mybvZ ev KgixwZi iZ bv Ìqv| G _K Zviv
egywL wevwi ga wbcwZZ nb| mwji ga iqQ:
w
(1) cvci KviY gywgbK Kvwdi ejv| evwnK cvc bv _vKjI Zvì gZi weivax mKjK wewfb evLv Ki
w
Kvwdi ejv|
w
(2) KziAvb weivax AvBbi we`gvbZvi KviY Dcwbekvi gymwjg `kwji kvmKìK Kvwdi ejv| G mKj
ivK Kvwdi I ZvZx iv ej MY Kiv| G mKj ivi bvMwiKìK ivxq AvbyM Zi KviY Kvwdi ejv| hviv Gì
Kvwdi bv ej ZvìKI Kvwdi ejv| GKRb gymwjgK ckvii gvag gymwjg ej wbwZ bv nIqv ch ZvK
gymwjg ej ^xKvi bv Kiv|
(3) G mKj iv I mgvRK Rvwnjx I Kvwdi mgvR gb Ki Gwj _K wnRiZ Kiv, ev AZ gvbwmK
wnRiZ Kiv, A_vr, gvbwmKfve wbRK Gì _K c_K I wewQb ej gb Kiv, mgvRi gmwR`wjZ RygAv I
RvgvAvZ Av`vq bv Kiv|
(4) wbRì `jK Avj-RvgvAvZ ej `vwe Kiv Ges Zvì Avwgii nvZ evBqvZ KivK Bmjvg ceki
kZ ej `vwe Kiv|
(5) mgvRi mKj Avwjgi wei welvMvi Kiv I Zvì NYv Kiv| mvnvexMYi hyM _K gymwjg Dvni mKj
Avwjg, Bgvg, dKxn I bKKviMYK NYv Kiv I Zviv KDB Bmjvg mwVKfve eySb wb ev cvjb Kib wb ej `vwe
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 38
Kiv| Avwjg, Bgvg I mvjd mvjnxbi AbymiY ev ZvKjx`K wkiK ej `vwe Kiv| mKji Rb BRwZnv` Riix ej
`vwe Kiv|
(6) Bmjvgi dih Bev`wji ga eo-QvU wbYq Kiv| `xb cwZv A_ iv cwZv ej `vwe Kiv, iv
cwZvK eo dih ej `vwe Kiv Ges eo dihi Rb QvU dih-IqvwRe cwiZvM KivK Rvqh ej `vwe Kiv| hgb
`xbi cqvRb (!) dih mvjvZ ZvM, wmqvg ZvM, `vwo gyb, g`cvb, Kvwdi bvix weevn Kiv BZvw`|
(7) Bmjvgi wewaweavbK chvqwgK cvjbxq ej `vwe Kiv| Zviv `vwe KiZb h, wgmii ZrKvjxb mgq Zviv
gx hyM Aevb KiQb| KvRB Bmjvgi AbK weavbB Zvì Rb chvR bq|
(8) wkvMnYi weivwaZv Kiv, weklZ ZvM~Zx miKvii wbqYvaxb cwZvb wkvMnY ev mb`MnYK cvc ev
Kzdix ej MY Kiv Ges wbii _vKvK Bmjvg wb`wkZ ej `vwe Kiv|
(9) Kvwdiì ev Zvì gZi weivaxì nZv Kiv ea, wRnv` I `xb cwZvi Kg ej `vwe Kiv|45
2. 5. `jxj-cgvY cQ`wbfi Zv
Avgiv DjL KiwQ h, evwZbx wkqvMY g~jZ KziAvb, nv`xm I AvwjgMYi gZvgZ KvbvwKQzB gvbZ bv| Zvì
GKgv `jxj wQj Kw_Z Bgvg ev Zvì LjxdvMYi evLv I gZvgZ| LvwiRxMY I RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb KziAvb I
nv`xmi Dci wbfiZvi NvlYv `q| Zviv Zvì mKj gZvgZi cgvY KziAvb I nv`xm _K ck Kivi Pv Ki| Ze
Zvì cgvY cki jYxq welq njv cQ`wbfiZv| Zviv h AvqvZ ev nv`xmK wbRì c ej gb KiZ
om
mwjK MnY KiZ| Avi hwj Zvì gZi wec mwjK gvbm~L ev iwnZ ej A_ev evLv Ki evwZj KiZ|
KLbv KziAvb eySvi Rb kvb byh~j ev AeZiYi cvcU weePbv KiZ A^xKvi KiZ| Avevi KLbv AeZiYi
.c
cvcUi wfwZ Kvbv AvqvZi mvaviY wb`kbv gvbZ A^xKvi KiZ| KLbv AvaywbK Kvbv MelK ev cwm
Avwjgi Kvbv Kvbv eeK Zviv AvwiK A_ MnY Ki Zvì DMZv cgvYi Pv KiZ| Avevi KLbv Kvbv
st
Avwjgi K_vK cgvY wnme ck KivK Zviv wkiK ej `vwe KiZ|
tru
bvmL GKwU mycwiwPZ Bmjvgx cwifvlv| Gi A_ iwnZ nIqv| gnvb Avjvn KziAvb bvwhj Kivi gvag c~eeZx
wKZvemg~ni AbK weavb iwnZ KiQb| G Qvov KziAvb I nv`xmi wewfb wewaweavb AvswkK ev cyivcwi iwnZ Ki
ah
Ab weavb c`vb KiQb| Ze mvaviYfve AvwjgMY KziAvbi wewfb AvqvZi A_i ga mg^qi Rb bvmL
cwifvlv eenvi Kib| A_vr G AvqvZi wb`k MnY KiZ ne Ab AgyK AvqvZi mv_ mg^q Ki| G vi Zviv
nn
eySvb bv h, KziAvb cwVZ Kvbv AvqvZi weavb ev Av`k cyivcywi evwZj ev A_nxb nq wMqQ| KviY KziAvbi
cwZwU AvqvZ gyZvIqvwZi ev AMwYZ gvbyli gvag gymwjg Dvni wbKU msiwZ| Gi Kvbv weavb, evK, Ai ev
u
A_K iwnZ `vwe KiZ nj wVK Abyic gyZvIqvwZi Kvbv wb`kbv ivm~jyjvn _K cgvwYZ nZ ne| G Qvov
ss
KzivAvbi Kvbv wb`k iwnZ ej MY Kiv hvq bv|

hgb KziAvb Avjvn wb`k w`qQb h, agi welq Rei`w bB| Avevi Avjvn hyi wb`k w`qQb| G
.a
Kvbv Kvbv Avwjg ejQb h, hyi wb`k viv Rei`wi wblavv iwnZ nqQ| K_vwUi A_ njv agi ga
w
Rei`w bB ejZ agxq ^vaxbZv ev AwaKvi ivi RbI hy Kiv hve bv Gic gg iwnZ nqQ| Gi A_ G bq h,
AvqvZwUi wb`kbv iwnZ nqQ| Bmjvg KLbvB ejc~eK agvi ev agi KviY Kviv bvMwiK AwaKvi niYi AbygwZ
w
`q wb| wRnv`, wKZvj ev hy agxq ^vaxbZv I AwaKvi iv Ges iv I bvMwiKì wbivcv ivi Rb, ejc~eK agv
w
wiZ Kivi Rb bq| ivm~jyjvn -Gi hyM ev Lyjvdvq ivk`xbi hyM Zv bqB, cieZx hyMI Bmjvg MnYi Rb ej
cqvMi NUbv NU wb|
RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb ev mgKvjxb LvwiRxMY KziAvbK Zvì mKj gZi wfw wnme MY KijI Zvì gZi
ewZg AvqvZ ev wb`kbvK iwnZ ev gvbm~L ej `vwe KiZ| Zvì Gic `vwei c Zviv KziAvb ev nv`xmi Kvbv
cgvY ck KiZ cviZ bv| Ze Kvbv Kvbv Avwjgi gZK Zviv cgvY wnme ck KiZ|
RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb c~eeZx Bgvg I AvwjgMYi welq AZ Lvivc ge KiZ Ges `xbi welq Kvbv
Avwjgi K_vK cgvY wnme ck KivK Aea ej `vwe KiZ| wK bvmL welqK gZvgZi I Abvb wewfb
welq cqvRb gZ Zvì gZi c wewfb Avwjgi gZvgZ ck KiZ| mevcwi Zviv Ab Kvbv Avwjgi gZvgZ
MnYK AcQ`bxq gb KijI Zvì wbRì gZ MnYK Abì Rb evaZvg~jK ej gb KiZ| `xbi welq
Zvì eyS ev gZvgZKB GKgv mZ `xb ej wekvm KiZ|
Zvì cQ` wbfiZvi GKwU wekl w`K wQj, mgKvjxb wewfb Bmjvgx ewZi ee I wjLwbK cQ`gZ `jxj
wnme ck Kiv| G mKj MelK I Avwjg mgKvjxb mgvRwji Aeq eySvZ AbK mgq GwjK Rvwnjx ev
ZvM~Zx ejQb| Gviv Zviv GwjK Kvwdi ej eySvb wb| wK Giv Zv eySQ| KD KD mgvR cwieZbi KgK
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 39

wRnv` ejQb ev mePq eo `vwqZ ej DjL KiQb| Gviv Zviv welqi iZ eywSqQb gv; G RvZxq KgK
kixqZi cvwifvwlK wRnv` ev kixqZi gvcKvwVZ mePq eo dih ej eySvb wb| wK Zviv Zv eySQ| Kvbv Kvbv
MelK I Avwjg AvjvnK Bjvn wnme gvb Kivi mv_ Avjvni AvBb gvb Kivi welqwU mshy KiQb| Gviv Zviv
eySvb wb h, Bjvn gvbB Kzg `vZv ev Kzg bv gvbjB Kzdix nq| wK Giv Zvì gZcwZvq Gì ee DZ
KiQ| Avevi Zviv G mKj Avwjgi Ab AbK gZ cZvLvb KiQ Ges Zvì fyj evLvi mskvab Abvb
Avwjgi gZvgZI cZvLvb KiQ|
GLvb cQ`-wbfiZv QvovI Zvì wevwi KviY wQj, Kvbv Avwjg ev MelKi eeK AvwiKfve cgvY
wnme ck Kiv| gywgb g~jZ KziAvb I nv`xmi ee AvwiKfve cgvY wnme MY Kieb| mybvZ beex I mybvZ
mvnvevi AvjvK Zv eySZ Pv Kieb| cieZx Bgvg, dKxn I Avwjgì ee I gZvgZi mnhvwMZv wbeb|
2. 6. mybvZB gywgbi ivKeR
LvwiRx, evwZbx, RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb I Abvb mKj wev `j I Mvxi wevwi g~j KviY `xb cvjb mybvZi
cwZ Aenjv| mybvZi A_, cwiPq, iZ I cqvM welq wevwiZ AvjvPbv KiwQ GnBqvDm mybvb M| GLvb
Avgiv msc ejZ cvwi h, mybvZ A_ Kg I eRb ivm~jyjvn -Gi e AbyKiY Kiv| ivm~jyjvn -Gi mybvZi
evLvq, cvjb I cwZ MnY Lyjvdvq ivk`xb I mvnvexMYi cwZI mybvZ| KLbvB Kvbvfve gywgb wbRK
mvnvexMY I c_g cR bwji gvbylì Pq AwaK Cgvb`vi, AwaK AvgjKvix, Bmjvg mK AwaK Awf ev Bmjvg
om
eySvi AwaK AMmi ej Kbv KiZ cvib bv|
h K_v ivm~jyjvn hfve hZUzKz ejQb ZZUzKzB ejv, h Kg wZwb hfve hZUzKz iZ w`q h cwigvY
.c
KiQb ZZUzKz iZ w`q m cwigvb Kiv, h K_v wZwb ejb wb Ges h Kg wZwb Kib wb Zv bv ejv I bv KivB
st
mybvZ| K_vq, Kg, cvjb I eRb ivm~jyjvn -e AbyKiYB mybvZ| wZwb hv ejb wb Zv ejv Ges wZwb hv Kib wb
Zv Kiv mybvZi ewZg ev wLjvd mybvZ| h Bev`Z wZwb Dbyfve cvjb KiQb, A_vr Kvbv wbqg, mgq ev ixwZ
tru
wbw` Ki `b wb, m Bev`Z Dbyfve cvjb KivB mybvZ| Kvbv wbqg, ixwZ ev cwZK D Bev`Zi Ask ej MY
Kiv wLjvd mybvZ|
ah
wZwb hv ejb wb ev Kib wb Ges ejZ ev KiZ wblaI Kib wb Zv mybvZi ewZg njI Rvqh nZ cvi|
Avi wZwb hv ejb wb ev Kib wb Ges ejZ ev KiZ wbla KiQb Zv bv-Rvqh ev Aea| mybvZi ewZg Rvqh
nn
welq gywgb cqvRb KiZ cvib, Ze ZvK `xbi Ask ej Kbv KiZ cvib bv| mybvZi ewZg ev mybvZi
AwZwi Kvbv K_v, Kg ev cwZK Cgvb, AvKx`v, `xb ev Bev`Zi Ask ej MY Kiv _KB mKj wechq I wevwi
u
i|
ss
KziAvb-nv`xm _K Kvbv Bev`Zi wb`kbv MnY KijB ne bv, Dci m Bev`Z ivm~jyjvn wKfve cvjb
KiQb Zv RvbZ ne Ges AweKj ZuviB AbyKiY cvjb KiZ ne| cqvRb DcKiY ev RvMwZK welq mybvZi
.a
ewZg Kvbv welq ejv ev Kiv hZ cvi, Ze ZvK D Bev`Zi Ask wnme MY Kiv hve bv Ges h_vme mxwgZ
w
chvq Zv eenvi KiZ ne| G mKj welq AMwYZ D`vniYmn wevwiZ AvjvPbv KiwQ GnBqvDm mybvb M|
w
Rwev`, Pigcv ev DMZv g~jZ Bmjvgi GKwU Bev`ZK K` Ki AvewZZ, Zv njv: Abi Rxeb Bmjvg
cwZv| bvqi Av`k, Abvqi wbla, `vIqvZ, wRnv`, wePvi, `xb cwZv BZvw` bvg G Bev`Z cvwjZ nq| wevwZ
w
wbcwZZ gvbyliv G mKj Bev`Z cvjbi wb`k Ges Gwji dhxjZ welqK AvqvZ I nv`xm MnY KiQb, wbRì eyw
w`q evLv KiQb Ges cvjbi cwZ Zwi KiQb| G mKj Bev`Z cvjbi ivm~jyjvn I mvnvexMYi e
AbyKiYi Pv Kib wb|
mvjvZ, wmqvg, whKi, Rvbvhv BZvwì bvq `vIqvZ, wRnv`, `xb cwZv, Av`k, wbla BZvwÌ Bev`Z| mKj
Bev`ZB ivm~jyjvn wbR cvjb KiQb| mvnvexMY Zuvi _K mivmwi wkv MnY KiQb I cvjb KiQb| cieZx `y
cRb- hvì wbfihvMZvi welq ivm~jyjvn mv w`qQb- ZuvivI G mKj Bev`Z cvjb KiQb|
Avgiv hw` G mKj Bev`Z mwVKfve cvjb KiZ PvB, Zvnj Avgvì mevP iZ w`q `LZ ne h, Avgiv
h Bev`Zi h bvgKiY KiwQ, h iZ c`vb KiwQ Zv Zviv KiQb wKbv? Avgiv h cwZK Bev`Zi Ask gb KiwQ
Zv Zviv KiQb wKbv? Avgiv h cwiwwZZ h K_v ejwQ ev h Kg KiwQ mic cwiwwZ ev Zvi KvQvKvwQ cwiwwZ
Zvì Kviv hyM we`gvb wQj wKbv? Gic cwiwwZZ Zviv wK KiQb? wKfve KiQb?
wevwZ wbcwZZ gvbyliv G mKj welq Mfxifve Rvbvi Kvbv Pv Kib wb| dj Zviv wekvmMZ, iZMZ ev
cwZMZ wevw I weÀvZi ga wbcwZZ nqQb| Avgiv cieZx cwiQ` mybvZi AvjvK Zvì wevwwj
Abyavebi Pv Kie|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 40

ZZxq cwiQ`
wevwi ZvwK chvjvPbv
Avgiv AvMB ejwQ, agx q Abyf~wZ gvbyli RbMZ ev mnRvZ Abyf~wZ| GK wbg~j Kiv hvq bv Ges wbg~ji cPv
eygivs nq| GK mwVK I ^vfvweK LvZ cevwnZ bv KiZ cvij Zv KLbv Kzmsvi, agvZv ev AbwZKZvi Rb `q
Ges KLbv DMZvi Rb `q| Gwji AcmviY ev wbqYi Rb cvcUwj Abyaveb cqvRb|
Avgiv `LwQ h, wekecx gymwjg wbab, cwZKvii mKj c_ i nIqv, nZvkv I cwieZbi AveM AbK
gymwjgK DMZvi c_ eQ wbZ Dy KiQ| KLbv ev gywgb cvwicvwkK AZvPvi ev wbabhi cwZKvi Kivi Kvbv
c_ bv cq DM nq cob Ges DMZvi c wKQz `wjj-cgvY LuyR bb| KLbv ev GKRb gymwjg wbRi AveM
covkvbv KiZ hq Gic evLv I DMZvi ga wbcwZZ nb| Gici wZwb nqZ AbìKI cfvweZ Kib| KLbv ev
Abi gyL Gic evLv b cfvweZ nq cob| KLbv ev Kvbv ew wbRi ewMZ ev `jMZ ^v_ ARb KiZ
Bmjvgx wkvi weKZ Dcvcbi gvag Gic DMZvi cmvi NUvZ Pv Kib|
GQvov Avgviv Rvwb h,, Bn~`x I Lvb cwZMYI KziAvb I nv`xm evcKfve Aaqb KiQb| Zvì cI
KziAvbi wKQz AvqvZ, wKQz nv`xm ev wKQz wdKnx gZvgZ weKZfve Dcvcb Ki A AveMx hyeKìK wev Kiv
me| Avgiv `LwQ h, gymwjg `kwjK Akv Ki Zvì A_bwZK, ivRbwZK I mvgwiK cew _vwgq Ìqv,
om
mfZvi msNvZi w_Iwii mZZv cgvY Kiv, mvmi wei hy ev Rwev` `gbi bvg gymwjg `kwjK `Lj Kiv
ev AaxbZ ivLv, Rwev` `gbi bvg gymwjg `kwjZ Bmjvgx g~jeva, agxq Abykvmb I Bmjvgx wkv msKvPb Kiv,
avwgK gymwjg I AvwjgMYi wei RbMYi ga weic gbvfve mw Kiv BZvw` ewea Dk Bn~`x-Lvb I Bmjvg-
.c
welx cwZMY ev msv Bmjvgi QveiY Gic wevw Qovbvi Pv KiZ cvib|
st
Bmjvgx wkvi G aibi weKwZ iva weKwZ mswk mKj welq KziAvb, nv`xm, mvnvexMY I Zuvì cii mKj
tru
hyMi AvwjgMYi gZvgZ I Kgavivi AvjvK mwVK wmv MnYi Rb mgKvjxb Avwjg-Djvgv, cxi-gvkvBL, MelK I
mgvRmeKì mvgwK Pv cqvRb|
GLvb jYxq h, weKwZ mswk welqwj AvaywbK| G mKj welq KziAvb, nv`xm I c~eeZx AvwjgMYi my ev
ah
_nxb wkv I gZvgZ bv cvIqvB ^vfvweK| hgb, Dcwbekvi gymwjg `kwji weavb, mgKvjxb cvcU `vij
Bmjvg ev Bmjvgx ivi cwiPq, agwibc Agymwjg `kwji weavb, MYZ, mgvRZ, agwbicZv, mvgev`,
nn
RvZxqZvev`, cvjvgU, mvefgZ, fvU eev, GwjZ Ask MnY ev eRb, mgKvjxb gymwjg ivcavbì bZZ
wRnvì weavb, we`kx AvMvmbi wkKvi gymwjg `kwji AvMvmb weivax Av`vjbi weavb, Gic mk
u
cwZivai weavb BZvw` welq mwVK mgvavb Ìqv GKv cqvRb| G mKj welq wmv MnY gZf` ev fyj wmv
ss
AbK gvbylK KwVb cvci ga wbcwZZ KiZ cvi Ges DvZi Rb asmvZK nZ cvi|
.a
Avgiv j Kwi h, G mKj welq mgvRi cv I mycwm cxi-gvkvBL, Avwjg I gydZxMYi gZvgZ Kg cvIqv
hvq| cvi wPvwe` I AveMx gyRvwn`MY G mKj welq SUcU AbK my gZvgZ e Kib| AbKB
w
MZvbyMwZK ev UwWkbvj Avwjg I eyRyMì `yejZv ev AZvK Gi KviY wnme gb Kib| AbK gb Kib
w
mgvRi me Abvq gb bIqvi gvbwmKZvB Gi Rb `vqx| Gic gZ wbtm`n AZv I AveMcm~Z Ryjg| weMZ ò
w
nvRvi ermi `xbi SvvK ai iLQb AvwjgMY| ZuvìB gvag Avgiv `xb cqwQ| mKj Abvqi wei Zuv iv
mvPvi _KQb| Ze mvPvi nIqvi cwZZ wewfbZv wQj|
eZ G mKj AvaywbK welq UwWkbvj Avwjg I gydZxMYi my gZvgZ bv _vKvi KviY AvaywbK nIqvZ
Gwji welq KziAvb-nv`xm I c~eeZx AvwjgMYi my gZvgZ cvIqv hvq bv| Avi cv AvwjgMY Gic my
gZvgZi evBi SUcU Kvbv wmv w`Z wav Kib| cvi GKRb wPvwe` ev AveMx gvbyl mvaviYZ KziAvb-
nv`xmi `y GKwU mvaviY eeKB Zvi gZ cKvki Rb h_ ej MY Kib; KvRB mvnvex-ZvweqxMYi gZvgZ ev
c~eeZx dKxnMYi gZvgZi Rb wZwb Acv Kib bv| GgbwK AvqvZ ev nv`xmwU KZLvwb cvmwK ev Zvi wecixZ
Ab Kvbv AvqvZ ev nv`xm iqQ wKbv ZvI ZZ iZ mnKvi weePbv Kib bv| AvwjgMYi gZvgZ axi njI ZvZ
fyji mvebv Kg _vK| Avi wPvwe` ev AveMx gvbyli gZvgZ LyeB `Z I my njI Zvì fyji mvebv _vK
AbK ewk|
GQvov Avgiv mgvR msvi c~eeZx Avwjg-Djvgv I cxi-gvkvBLi KgcwZ chvjvPbv Kij `Le h, Zuviv
me`v webgZv, Iqvh-bmxnZ I RbgZ Zwii gvag Zv KiZ Pv KiQb, KLbvB `Z dj jvfi Rb e nb wb|
Zvì Kgavivi AvjvKB mgKvjxb cwm AvwjgMY gZvgZ e Kib| `Z djjvf AvMnx AveMx gvbylì KvQ
gb nq, Gic gZvgZ mewKQz gb bIqvi kvwgj| Gfve wK Avi wKQz cwieZb Kiv hve? Gì KvQ wPvwe` I
AveMx ZiY gydZxì gZvgZ ewk cQ`bxq ej gb nq|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 41

mKj AveM I Pvci evBi _K KziAvb, nv`xm, mvnvexMYi I ZrcieZx hyMi AvwjgMYi Kgavivi wfwZ
^vaxbfve G mKj welq wmv MnY KiZ ne| `Z djjvf, cwZkva ev Ab Kvbv AveMi Aaxb A_ev `k, `j,
Mvx ev Kviv Pvci Aaxb KziAvb nv`xmi GKck wmv wbj Zv mwVK ne bv Ges mswk gvbylì KvQ
MnYhvMZv cve bv| Dci wmv I gZvgZ cvmwK Z_mg nZ ne| G Qvov h mKj AvqvZ I nv`xmK weKwZi
gvag wnme eenvi Kiv nq mwji wevwiZ chvjvPbv cqvRb|
eZgvb hyM GKKfve MnYhvM Avwjg hgb `yjf, Zgwb G mKj welq GKKfve BRwZnv` Kivi gZ
hvMZvmb AvwjgI `yjf| GRb G mKj welq mwVK wmv MnYi Rb Avwjg I Bmjvgx wPvwe`MYi gZwewbgq I
mgeZ BRwZnv` cqvRb| mgvRi MZvbyMwZK AbK welqi cvkvcvwk G mKj welq cv AvwjgMYi gZcKvk LyeB
Riix| DvZi cwZ cMvp fvjevmv I ì` wbq AvwjgMYK GK em gZwewbgqi gvag wmv cuQvbvi Pv
KiZ ne| mgeZ gZwewbgq wbRi gZ, AwfiPx, cqvRb I ^v_i Ea DvZi eni KjvY c~eeZx Bgvg I
AvwjgMYi Kgavivi AvjvK wmv MnY KiZ ne| ivm~jyjvn c_g Pvi cRbi Ges wekl Ki wZb cRbi
wbfihvMZvi mv w`qQb| Giv njb mvnvexMY, Zuvì QvMY (ZvweqxMY), Zuvì QvMY (Zvwe-ZvweqxMY) I Zvì
QvMY (AvZev AvZevwqZ Zvweqxb)| `xbi mKj welq, weklZ gZf`xq I RwUj welq G wZb I Pvi cRbi Avwjg,
dKxn, Bgvg I eyRyMMYi gZvgZi I Kgavivi AvjvK wmv MnY Kiv AZxe cqvRb|
3. 1. wevwi mgKvjxb cvcU
om
LvwiRx I evwZbxMY wKQz gvbylK wev KijI mvaviY gvbylì ga Zvì wevw cfve djZ cvi wb| wK
eZgvb GKw`K wekevcx gymwjg wbab, gymwjg `kwjZ avwgK gvbylì cwZ elg, nqivwb I Ryjyg, Bmjvgx
.c
Abykvmb welqK `vwe`vIqvK MYZvwK gZcKvki myhvM _K ewZ Ki `gb Kivi cPv, Abw`K Zgwb Bmjvg
mK AveM I fvjevmvi cvkvcvwk ivm~jyjvn I mvnvexMYi eenvwiK mybvZ mK vbi Afve Zvì DM
st
gZvgZ mgvRi AbK avwgK gvbylK cfvweZ KiQ|
tru
wbtm`n KziAvb I nv`xm Bmjvgx vbi g~j Drm Ges cZK gymwjgi `vwqZ wbR KziAvb I nv`xm Aaqb
Ki Bmjvg mK vbvRb Kiv| mKj gymwjg KziAvb-nv`xm Aaqb Kieb, wK mKj gymwjgB wekl neb bv|
ah
Aviex fvlvi Mfxi vb, KziAvbi cwic~Y Aaqb, wekvj nv`xm fvvii mKj nv`xm Aaqb, ivm~jyjvn ( )-Gi
mvnvexMYi Kg, wPv, gZvgZ I KziAvb-nv`xm evLvi cwqv Aaqb I mgmv mgvavb mvnvex, Zvweqx I Zvwe-
nn
ZvweqxMYi gZvgZ I Kgaviv mK mgK vbjvfi ciB GKRb gvbyl cKZ Avwjg I dKxn ej MY nb Ges
ewMZ, mvgvwRK ev ivwq mgmvi Bmjvgx dvZIqv ev wmv`vbi hvMZv ARb Kib| ^fveZB Gic
u
Avwjgì msLv mgvR Kg _vK| GRb gymwjg Dvni AvwjgMYi ixwZ njv, RwUj mgmvi mgKvjxb cv
ss
AvwjgMYi gZvgZ MnYi cvkvcvwk c~eeZx cLvZ Avwjg, dKxn I Bgvgì gZvgZi Abymvb I Zvì gZvgZi
AvjvK wmv c`vb| G Zuviv KziAvb I nv`xmi wb`kbvi AvjvK mvnvexMY I Zuvì cieZx `yB cRbi
.a
Avwjgì gZvgZi wekl iZ c`vb KiQb|

G g~jbxwZ jNb Kivi KviYB G mKj DM gZi Rb nq| cvPxb I be LvwiRxMY mvnvexMYi Ges Zuvì ci
w
mgvRi g~javivi AvwjgMYi gZvgZ MnY KiZ A^xKvi KiQ| wbRì gZvgZKB Zviv P~ov ej gb KiQ|
w
Ze Zviv Gic gZvgZ c`vbi Kvbv ewi wekl gZv ev Avjvni mv_ Zvi wekl mK, Kvkd, Bjnvg,
w
Mvcb vb BZvwì Kvbv `vwe Ki wb| evwZbxMY I kxqvMYI me`v mvnvex, Zvweqx I mgvRi g~javivi gymwjg
AvwjgMYK Aev I NYv KiQ Ges KziAvb ev Bmjvg mK wbRì eySB P~ov ej gb KiQ| cvkvcvwk Zviv
wekl ewi wekl Mvcb vb, Kvkd, Bjnvg, BjKv, Bjg-jv`ybx, Avjvni mv_ wekl mK ev wekl
c`vwaKvi `vwe KiQ| dj G mKj KwZ bZv ev bZvì bvg Ab KD Zvì KwVb wevwi ga wbcwZZ
KiQ| Dfq cwZZB Zvì ga avwgKZv, agcvjb I agvb mK AcwZiva Anvi mw Kiv nqQ| dj
Zviv Bmjvg mK Zvì ev Zvì bZeì evLv ev gZKB P~ov mZ ej MnY Ki wevwi ga wbcwZZ
nqQ|
eZgvb mwVK Bmjvgx wkvi AbycwwZ, weklZ ivRbwZK, A_bwZK I mvgvwRK mgmvwì welq mwVK aviYvi
AbycwwZZ AveMZvwoZ avbaviYvi cmvii wekl cvcU Zwi nqQ:
(K) MZ cvq Aa-mnm ermi hver gymwjg Dvni mKj `kB Bmjvgx wkvi evcK gvbMZ AebwZ
NUQ| weklZ Dcwbekvaxb mgvR Ges Gi ci Bmjvgx wkvi K` wnme cwiwPZ gv`vmwji wkvi gvb
KgQ| mvgvwRK I ivxq mg_bi Afve, gavex wkv_xi Afve, MelYv DcKiY I cwieki Afve BZvw` KviY G
mKj cwZvb _K ei nIqv AwaKvskiB Bmjvgx vbi MfxiZv Kg| mgvR I ivi Av_-mvgvwRK mg_b I
g~jvqbi Afve MelYvi myhvM _K Zuviv ewZ| c~eeZx AvwjgMY h mKj welq wmv c`vb KiQb mwj cvV
I gyL Kiv njI, AvaywbK mgmvewjZ BRwZnv` I mgvavb Ìqvi hvMZv Mo Zvjvi gZ Kvbv cwiek ev eev
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 42

G mKj cwZvb bB ejjB Pj|
(L) G mKj UwWkbvj Avwjgi cvkvcvwk eZgvb hyM AviK kYxi Bmjvgx wPvwe` iqQb| Giv nQb m
mKj mvaviY wkveevq wkvcv wkvwe`, AvBbRxex, eywRxex, wPwKrmK, cKkjx ev mvaviY gvbyl Rxebi
gvSc_ Gm ag wegyLZv _K avwgKZvi w`K wdi Avmb| G chvq Zuviv KziAvb, nv`xm I Bmjvgi BwZnvm PPv i
Kib| Giv g~jZ gavex| GK mgq Gì AbK Zuvì gav, gbb I eyw w`q KziAvb-nv`xmi wewfb evLv I
dvZIqv w`Z i Kib| ^fveZB Zuviv wekvj nv`xm fvvi, mvnvexMYi Kgc wZ I c~eeZx AvwjgMYi gZvgZ wKQzB
Rvbb bv ev Rvbvi iZI Abyfe Kib bv|
G mKj wPvwe`ì ga hviv Avie Zviv mgKvjxb Aviex fvlv RvbjI KziAvb, nv`xm I Bmjvgx wdKni
cwifvlvi mv_ ZZUv cwiwPZ bb| wekl Ki Zvdmxi, nv`xm, I wdKni wekvj fvvi Zvì KvQ GKeviB
AcwiwPZ| Avi Gì ga hviv Abvie Zvì Aev Aviv kvPbxq| KziAvb-nv`xm eySvi Zuviv g~jZ Abyev` ev
Abyev`Ki eyS-Gi DciB wbfi Kib| Zuvì Rvbv KziAvbi AvqvZ Ges mxwgZ wKQz nv`xmi kvwK A_i mv_
wbRì vb, eyw I gbbkxjZvi mswgkY NwUq Zuviv wewfb wmv c`vb KiZ _vKb| Zuvì evwMZv, AvaywbK RMZ
I AvaywbK vb-wevb mK Zuvì Mfxi vb mvaviY gym wjgìK AvK Ki| Avayw bK welqvw` mK Zuvì vb
I cvwZ AbK njI Aviex fvlv, KziAvb, nv`xm, mvnvexMYi Kgaviv I cvPxb BgvgMYi gZvgZi welq Zuvì
vbi `bZv my|
om
(M) AwaKvsk Dfq kYxi Avwjg I MelK GK AciK fvj PvL `Lb bv| GQvov mvaviYfve Avwjg-
Djvgv I MelKì ga gZwewbgq, MelYv, AvjvPbv BZvwì myhvM I AvMn bB ejjB Pj| dj AvaywbK
iveev, MYZ, fvUvwaKvi, wbevPb, Dcwbekvi gymwjg `kwji Bmjvgx Aevb, GwjZ cwic~Y Bmjvgx
.c
Rxebeev cwZvi cwZ, G mKj ivi cwZ gymwjg bvMwiKi mK, iv ev miKvii `xb weivax KgKvi
st
KiYxq BZvw` welq my w`K wb`kbv I Bmjvgx mgvavb c`vbi evcK AZv I wevwi mw nQ|
tru
cZKB KziAvb I nv`xm _K A ev ewk DwZ c`vb Ki GKwU gZ cKvk KiQb| cvq mKj `wjj c`vb
cwqv LvwiRxMYi gZ nq hvQ| mvaviY wKQz AvqvZ I nv`xmi AvjvK gZvgZ cKvk Kiv njI, h welq gZvgZ
ah
cKvk Kiv nQ, Abyic Kvbv welq ev Aev ivm~jyjvn , mvnvexMY ev ZvweqxMYi mgq wQj wKbv Ges m Zviv
wK wmv w`qQb, mwj weePbv Kiv nQ bv| Gfve Bmjvg mK wewfb weKZ aviYv Rb wbQ, hv Bmjvgi bvg
nn
DMZv mwZ mnvqZv KiQ|

(N) Dcii welqwji cvkvcvwk iv, ckvmb I mgvRi AbvPvi, cvc, `ybxwZ, bMZv, AkxjZv, Ryjyg-AZvPvi
u
BZvwì AbK Avwjgi bxieZv I Avwjg-Djvgv I cxi-gvkvBLi cvivwiK gZf`, `jv`wj I MvjvMvwj
ss
mgvRi AveMx hyeKì nZvk I wez Ki Zvj| G Aevq DMZvi AvnvbKvixì wbv, mZZv I wbfxKZv ZvìK
AvK Ki|
.a
LvwiRxMY, evwZbx wkqvMY I RvgvAvZyj gymwjgxb-Gi wevwAvgiv KziAvb Kvixg, mybvZ beex, mvnvevq
Kivgi KgcwZ Ges c~eeZx Bgvg, Avwjg I cxe-gvkvBLi Kgavivi AvjvK chvjvPbv KiZ PvB| KviY Bmjvgi
w
bvg DMZvq wj gvbylì ZvwK wevwwj cvq meB GKB cKwZi| Avgiv Avjvni ZvIdxK cv_bv KiwQ|
w
c~ev wev Mvxwji gZvgZ I `vwe-`vIqv chvjvPbv Kij Avgiv KqKwU welq `LZ cvB:
w
(1) wbRi Rxeb Bmjvg cwZvi Pq Abi Rxeb Bmjvg cwZvK AwaK iZ Ìqv
(2) KiYxq I eRbxqi ga cv_K bv eySv
(3) Bmjvgx wkvi weKZ Abyaveb I Dcvcb|
3. 2. wbRi Rxeb Bmjvg ebvg Abi Rxeb Bmjvg
Bmjvg cwZvi bvg DMZvi wcQb AbZg h welqwU `Lv hvq Zv njv, wbRi Rxeb Bmjvg cwZvi Ph
Abi Rxeb Bmjvg cwZK AwaK iZc~Y ej gb Kiv| GwU AveMcm~Z wevwwji AbZg| xb cwZvi `ywU
chvq iqQ: (1) wbRi Rxeb `xb cwZv Kiv Ges (2) Abi Rxeb Zv cwZv Kiv|
gywgbi g~j `vwqZ wbRi Rxeb I wbRi `vwqZvaxbì Rxeb Bmjvg cwZv Kiv| Bmjvg wbRi Rxeb cvjbxq
Bev`ZwjK AviKvb Bmjvg, dih AvBb ev mybvZ AvBb wnme MY Kiv nqQ| cvi `vIqvZ, Av`k, wbla,
wRnv` BZvw` Abi Rxeb Bmjvg cwZvi `vwqZ welqK Bev`ZwjK g~jZ dih wKdvqv ev mvgwK `vwqZ wnme
MY Kiv nqQ Ges myhvM I mvai AvjvK Kg ewk cvjbi myhvM Ìqv nqQ| mevcwi G ewi `vwqZ
`vIqvZ Ìqv| KD ev mKj `vIqvZ cZvLvb Kij ev Abvq cwiZvM bv Kij gyw gbi Kvbvic `vqeZv _vK
bv|
wK DMZvq wj gvbylìK Avgiv Gi Dv c_ PjZ `wL| Zviv g~jZ Abi Rxeb `xb cwZvK dih
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 43

AvBb I eo dih Ges wbRi Rxeb `xb cvjbK QvU dih ev iZnxb ej gb Kib| Zviv Abi Rxeb Bmjvg
cwZvi Rb ewMZfve nvivg-gvKin Kg wj nQb Ges Gic nvivg-gvKin Kg wj nIqvK bvbvfve ea, eis
Riix ev dih ej `vwe KiQb|
Zvì gbi GKB wPv, mgvR ev `yw&bqvq AgyK Abvq nQ, Avjvni AvBbi weivwaZv nQ, Avjvni mv_
we`vn Kiv nQ, wKfve bxie _vKe gywgb| KvRB hfve cvi Svwcq co me Abvq wgwUq w`q weki me mKji
Rxeb Bmjvg cwZv Ki|
eZ Gic wPv fvj wPvi mv_ Lvivc wPvi mg^q| Abvqi wei vf I cwZev` gywgbi gb AekB
_vKe Ges gywgb mvagZ Bmjvg wb`wkZ c_ Zv cwZKvii Pv Kie ev `vIqvZ wè| Ze G gb ivLZ ne
h, gnvb Avjvn gyw gbK Zuvi wbRi I wbRi `vwqZvaxbì mK wRvm Kieb, `yw bqvi Ab gvbylì cvPvPvi
mK ZvK wRvmv Kieb bv| mvagZ `vIqvZi ciI hw` gvbyl Zv MnY bv Ki m Rb gywgbi Kvbvic Aciva
_vK bv| gnvb Avjvn ejb:

n gywgbMY, Zvgvì Dci ay Zvgvì wbRìB `vwqZ| Zvgiv hw` mrc_ cwiPvwjZ nI Zvnj h c_
nqQ m Zvgvì Kvbv wZ Kie bv|46
om
eZ mgvR, iv I wek Abvq, cvc I Aciva _vKeB, KLbv ewk Ges KLbv Kg| gyw gbi `vwqZ `vIqvZ
Ìqv, gywgbi `vwqZ wn`vqvZ Ki djv ev fvj Ki djv bq| gnvb Avjvn Zvi gnvb ivm~j ( )-K ejb:
.c

st
Zzwg hvK fvjevm ZvK Zzwg wn`vqvZ w`Z cvie bv; eis AvjvnB hvK BQv wn`vqvZ `b|47
tru
Avjvn Aviv ejb:

ah
Avi Zzwg hZB PvI bv Kb, AwaKvsk gvbyl wekvmx nevi bq|48
Ab AvqvZ Avjvn ejb:
nn
Zvgvi cwZcvjK BQv Kij cw _exZ hviv AvQ Zviv mKjB Cgvb AvbZ; Ze wK Zzwg gyw gb nIqvi Rb
ss
gvbylì Dci Rei`w Kie?49

AbK mgq AveMx gyw gb mgvRi cvcvPvi e`bvM nq `Z mewKQz wVK Ki djZ AvMnx nb| wZwb KziAvb-
.a
mybvni wb`k I gvbeRvwZi cwiPvjbvq Avjvni mybvZi K_v fyj hvb| `Z djvdj jvfi Rb e nq hvb| wZwb
w
fveb: Bmjvg cwZv KiZ ne ev Bmjvgi weRq AvbZ ne| AgyK ev ZgyK cwZZ Zv Avme bv, eis Avgvì G
w
cwZZB G weRq `Z nvZi gyVvq Gm hve| AgyK cwZZ kZ ermi ev nvRvi ermi KvR KijI Bmjvgi weRq
Avme bv, wK Avgvì cwZZ KvR Kij A mgqB Zv Gm hve| gb nq K KZ ZvovZvwo Bmjvg cwZv KiZ
w
cvij Gi DciB Avjvn bex-ivm~j I gymjgvbì wnmve wbeb!!

djvdj jvfi Dbv `bv AveMx gywgbK wec_Mvgx Ki| gyw gb Pvq h, mgvR _K Bmjvg weivax I gvbeZv
weivax mKj Abvq I cvc `~ixfyZ nvK| Kvbv gywgbi gb nZ cvi h, GZ Iqvh, eZv, eBc, Av`k wbla
BZvw`Z wKQzB njv bv, KvRB giai RviKi me Abvq `~i Ki djZ ne| ZLb wZwb `vIqvZi kixqZ mZ
cwZ I kixqZ wbwl cwZi ga evQwePvi bv Ki djvdji Dbv`bvq kixqZ wbwl cwZZ bvqi Av`k I
Abvqi wbla KiZ Pv Kib|
G RvZxq wPfvebv meB KziAvb-mybvni wkvi mv_ mvsNwlK| gywgbi `vwqZ wbRi Rxeb `xb cwZv I `xbi
`vIqvZ| `vIqvZi `Z djvdji wPv Zv `~ii K_v, Kvbv djvdji wPvB gywgbi `vwqZ bq| AMwYZ bex-ivm~j
AvRxeb `vIqvZ w`qQb, wK AwZ A wKQz msLK gvbyl Zvì `vIqvZ MnY KiQb| GZ Zuvì `xb cwZvi ev
`vIqvZi `vwqZ cvjbi Kvbv NvUwZ nq wb|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 44

cieZx AvjvPbv _K Avgiv `Le h, `Z mKj Abvq wgwUq mZ cwZvi Rb D`Mxe gvbyliv KLbB mZ
cwZv KiZ cvib wb, eis mybvZ cwZZ bvqi Av`k, Abvqi wbla ev `vIqvZ I `xb cwZvi gvagB mgvR
msvii Kg mvw`Z nqQ|
KvRB gywgbi `vwqZ njv wbRi Rxeb `xb cvjbi cvkvcvwk KziAvb I mybvn wb`wkZ cvq `xbi `vIqvZ
Ìqv| `vIqvZi `vwqZ `yfve Avvg Ìqv nq: (1) Aivxq, A_v r ewMZ, `jMZ ev MvxMZfve Ges (2)
ivxqfve| Aivxq chvq xb cwZvi GKwUgvB gvag, Zv njv `vIqvZ ev mrKvR Av`k I AmrKvR wbla|
ivxq chvq `vIqvZi cvkvcvwk Aviv `ywU gvag iqQ: (K) AvBbi kvmb cwZv I (L) cqvRb kivi Kej
_K `xb, iv, RbMY, `yej gymwjg ev Agymwjgì wbivcv wbwZ KiZ wRnv` ev wKZvj A_vr ivxq hy Kiv|
mKj chvq I Bmjvgi wb`k njv mwnsmZv I mxgvjNb eRb Kiv| ay mwnsmZv eRbB bq, `vIqvZ,
cPvi, mrKvR Av`k, Abvq _K wbla BZvw` xb cwZvi mKj Kg AwnsmZv viv mwnsmZv-i cwZiva KiZ
Ges mwnsmZvi cwZev` Dg AvPiYi wb`k Ìqv nqQ| Avjvn ejb:

K_vq K Dg H ew Acv, h Avjvni cwZ gvbylK Avnvb Ki, mrKg Ki Ges ej, Avwg
om
AvZmgcbKvixì Afy| fvj Ges g` mgvb nZ cvi bv| (g`) cwZnZ Ki DrKZi (AvPiY) viv; dj Zvgvi
mv_ hvi kZv AvQ m nq hve Ai ezi gZ|50
.c
Ab Bikv` Kiv nqQ:
st

tru
gì gyKvwejv Kib hv DrKZi Zv w`q, Zviv hv ej Avwg m mK wekl AewnZ|51
eZgvb wek Bmjvgx `vIqvZ ev Bmjvgx g~jeva cwZvi cPv AbK mgq ew, Mvx, mgvR ev ivi
ah
cwZiva, AZvPvi ev mwnsm AvPiYi myLxb nq| GZ `vIqvZ wj gymwjgi ga cwZwqvg~jK mwnsmZvi AveM
Zwi nq| Gi mv_ `Z djjvf wPv `vIqvZ ev xb cwZvi Kg iZ ewK Bmjvg wb`wkZ G Awnsm cwZ
nn
cwiZvM Ki AveM wb`wkZ mwnsm c_ hvIqvi civPbv `q| wZwb fveZ _vKb mwnsmZv ev KwZ wRnv`B `Z
djjvfi ev Bmjvg cwZvi c_, hwÌ cKZ mZ Gi m~Y wecixZ| Bmjvgi BwZnvm ew, `j ev Mvxi mwnsmZv,
u
Z_vKw_Z wRnv` I kvnv`Zi AbK NUbv AvQ| Zviv mKjB `Z djjvfi AveM wbq ea ev KwZ wRnv`
ss
Svwcq co knx` nqQb, wK KDB `Z weRq Zv `~ii K_v Kvbv vqx weRqB ARb KiZ cvib wb| eZ
Bmjvgi BwZnvm cgvY Ki h, Awnsm I gì gyKvwejvq DrKZi AvPiYB Bmjvg cwZv I Bmjvgi weRqi
.a
GKgv c_| G cwZZB ivm~jyjvn Aviei KVvi `q hvhveiì `q Rq Ki Bmjvg cwZv KiZ ciwQjb|
w
cieZx mKj hyM G cwZi AbymiYKvix Avwjg I `vCMYB Bmjvgi cwZv I cmvi mevP Ae`vb iLQb| Avjvn
w
AvgvìK Zuvi mwi c_ cwiPvwjZ Kib|

3. 3. KiYxq I eRb xq
w
gywgb Abvqi cwZev` Kib, cwZKvii Pv Kib ev `vIqvZ `b Avjvni mw I mvIqvei Rb, RvMwZK
djvjj ev wbRi ^v_i Rb bq| KvRB G kixqZ mZ mybvZ cwZZ `vIqvZ w`Z ne, `vIqvZi Rb Kvbv
nvivg ev gvKin Kg Kiv Zv `~ii K_v, `vIqvZi Rb Kvbv gy vnve Kg eRb KivI mybvZ weivax| Avjvni c_
`vIqvZ cywKvZ Avwg welqwU AvjvPbv KiwQ|
wK G mKj AveMZvwoZ gvbyl Abi Rxeb ev mgvR I iv Bmjvg cwZv-i Rb wbRi Rxeb cvc
cwZv Kib| Bmjvgi g~jbxwZ, c~b ARbi Pq cvc eRb AwaKZi iZc~Y| GgbwK hw` Kvbv Kg dih nIqv ev
nvivg nIqvi wwea mvebv _vK Ze Zv eRb KiZ ne| ivm~jyjvn ejb:

Avwg hLb ZvgvìK Kvbv Kgi wb`k c`vb Kwi ZLb Zvgiv m Kgi hZUzKz cvi cvjb Kie| Avi hLb
Avwg ZvgvìK Kvbv Kg _K wbla Kwi ZLb Zvgiv m Kg mevZfve eRb Kie| 52
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 45

LvwiRxMYi wevw Acbv`b mvnvexMYi ee Avgiv welqwU `LZ cve| AbK mgq kqZvb AveMi
gvag gywgbK G g~jbxwZ _K mwiq wbq mvIqvei bvg cvc wj Ki| Gi cK D`vniY njv `vIqvZ ev `xb
cwZvi bvg Kvbv gvbyli AwaKvi b Kiv ev Kviv m`, mg ev cvYi mvgvbZg wZ Kiv| Gfve gywgb Bev`Z
cvjbi bvg KwVbZg nvivg Kg wj nb| Bev`ZwU hw` dihI nq ZvnjI Zv webv IRi BQvKZfve eRb Kij ay
Avjvni n b nq, hv Avjvn ZvIev ev IRii KviY gv Kieb| wK G Bev`Z cvjbi bvg gvbyli n b Kij
ev wZ Kij Zv KwVb nvivg nIqv QvovI ev`vi n mswk nIqvi KviY ZvIev KijI Avjvn Zv gv Kib bv|
Bmjvgi `wZ mePq mvwbZ e gvbe Rxeb I gvbyli n ev AwaKvi| gvbylK Avjvn mvwbZ Ki mw
KiQb| aygv AvBbvbyM wePvi A_ev hyi gq`vb Qvov Ab Kvbvfve Kvbv gvbylK nZv Kiv, m Kiv,
AvNvZ Kiv, K Ìqv ev Kvbvfve Kviv wZ Kiv, Kviv m` ev mgi mvgvbZg wZ Kiv KwVbZg nvivg Kg|
G weavb meRbxb| Kvbv agi Kvbv gvbylKB Dcii `yyw U Aev Qvov nZv Kiv, AvNvZ Kiv ev K Ìqv hve bv|
KziAvb I nv`xm G welq AMwYZ wb`kbv iqQ| Bmjvgi `wZ gvbe i KwVbZg nvivg| GKgv mywbw`
cqvRb gvbe RvwZi AwZ ivi RbB GKRb gvbyli nZv ea Kiv nqQ ay G `ywU | G `ywU welqB
m~Yic ivi `vwqZ|
Avgiv Lye mnRB eywS h, ivi wbqYi evBi wePvi, wRnv` ev nZvi AbygwZ _vKj cw_exi eyK Kvbv
gvbylB euP _vKZ cvie bv| KviY cw _exi eyK cvq cwZwU gvbyl Ab Kvbv bv Kvbv gvbyli `wZ Rvwjg, AbvPvix
om
ev Kvwdi| KvRB Ryj g, AbvPvi ev Kzdii KviY hw` iv-wbqwZ ^Q wePvicwZ ev wRnvì gvag Qvov ew ev
Mvxi nvZ wePvi I wRnvì gZv ev AwaKvi Qo Ìqv nq Zvnj `ywbqvZ KDB euP _vKZ cvie bv|
wePvi I wRnvì gvag gZz` ev nZvi Bmjvgi g~jbxwZ h, wePviKi fyj wbicivaxi mvRv nIqvi
.c
Pq Acivaxi euP hvIqv ev mvRv Kg nIqv fvj| Abyicfve wRnvì bvg fyj gvbylK nZv Kivi Pq wRnv` bv Kiv
st
AbK fvj| wRnvì bvg fyj gvbylK nZv Kij kZ cyb KiI RvbvZ _K ewZ nZ ne| cvi mvaviYfve
AvRxeb wRnv` bv KijI Gic kvwjvfi Kvbv mvebv bB| weklZ wRnvì iZ Abyaveb Kiv mI wRnvì
tru
kZ bv cvIqvq wRnv` eRb Kij Kvbvic Mvbvn ne ej KziAvb Kvixg ev nv`xm kixd Kv_vI DjL Kiv nq
wb|53
ah
wewfb nv`xm ivm~jyjvn ejQb, ZvgvK hw` wbnZ nZ nq mI fvj, Ze nZKvix nqv bv| gymjgvbì
cviwiK hy, mvm ev nvbvnvwbi mgq KiYxq mK wZwb ejb:
nn
...
u
Gic cwiwwZZ gywgb wbnZ nvK, wK m hb nZvKvix bv nq| m hb Av`gi `y mvbi ga (nvwej I
ss
Kvwej) Dg Rbi (nvweji) gZ nq|54

G mKj wb`kbvi KviY mvnvexMY nZvK fqifve fq cZb| Ljxdv Dmgvb Beby Avd&dvb (iv) we`vnxì
.a
viv Aei nj mbvevwnbx Ges mgvRi bZe` we`vnxì wei c`c MnYi I AaviYi AbygwZ cv_bv Kib|
w
Bmjvgx kixqZ we`vnxì wei hy ea| wK Dmgvb (iv) we`vnxì eySvbvi Pv AevnZ ivLb, Avi we`vnxiv
w
myhvM cq ZvK nZv Ki| Dmgvb (iv)Gi g~j bxwZ wQj, Avwg wbnZ nZ ivwR, wK Kviv ii `vwqZ wbq Avjvni
KvQ hZ iwR bB|
w
3. 4. ivxq dih ebvg ewMZ dih

Bmjg cwic~Y Rxebeev| GRb KziAvb I nv`xm gvbe Rxebi mKj w`Ki wewaweavb we`gvb| Kvbv weavb
ewMZfve cvjbxq, Kvbv weavb mvgvwRKfve ev ivxqfve cvjbxq| cZK weavb cvjbi Rb wbavwiZ kZvw`
iqQ| KziAvb mvjvZ cwZv KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| Avevi KziAvb Pvii nvZ KvUvi, ewfPvixi evNvZi
I wRnv` ev wKZvji wb`k Ìqv nqQ| c_g Bev`ZwU ewMZ, mvgvwvRK I ivxqfve cvjbxq| Ab KD cvjb bv
KijI gywgbK ewMfve cvjb KiZB ne| wK wZxq, ZZxq I PZz_ wb`kwU ivxq fve cvjbxq| KLbvB
GKRb gywgb Zv ewMZfve ev `jMZfve cvjb KiZ cvib bv|
GLvb jYxq h, Kvbv Bev`Zi kZvewj KziAvb GK ev GKvb DjL Kiv nq wb| GQvov AwaKvsk
Bev`Zi mKj kZ KziAvb DjL Kiv nq wb| KziAvb I nv`xmi mvgwMK weavb ev ivm~jyjvn -Gi mvgwMK Rxeb I
G mKj wb`k cvjb Zuvi ixwZ-cwZ _KB mwji kZ I cwZ eySZ ne| Zv bvnj wevwZ wbcwZZ nIqvi
mg~n mvebv| gnvb Avjvn ejb:
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 46

m~h nj covi ci nZ ivwi Nb AKvi ch mvjvZ Kvqg Kie|55
G wb`ki Dci wbfi Ki hw` KD m~hvi mgq mvjvZ iZ nb Ze wZwb wbR hZB `vwe Kib, g~jZ Zv
Bmjvgx Bev`vZ ej MY ne bv, eis Zv cvc I nvivg Kg ej MY ne| KviY ivm~jyjvn ( ) nv`xm kixd m~h nj
covi ci _K ivw ch mgqi ga mvjvZ Av`vqi ea I Aea mgq wPwZ KiQb Ges m~hvi mgq mvjvZ
Av`vq Aea KiQb| Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jyjvn ( )-Gi wkvi evBi gbMovfve KziAvb Kvixgi A_ ev
evLv Kiv AvgvìK Bev`Zi bvg cvci ga wj Ki|
Abyicfve KziAvb kvw I wKZvji wb`k Ìqv nqQ| KziAvb-nv`xm G Bev`Z cvjbi AbK kZ DjL
Kiv nqQ| KD hw` mwj c~iY bv Ki nZv, icvZ BZvw` Kg wj nq Gwj wRnv` ej `vwe Kib, Ze Zv
KLbvB Bmjvgx Bev`vZ ej MY ne bv, eis Zv ne KwVb cvc I nvivg Kg|
kZ c~iY Qvov mvjvZ cvjbi Pq AbK fqi cvc kZ c~iY Qvov kvw, wePvi ev nZvq wj nIqv| mvjvZ I
wePvi-nZvi ga cv_K njv, m~hvi mgq mvjvZ Av`vq Kij D ew MvbvnMvi njI, ZvZ Kvbv ev`vi nK
b ne bv| wK wePvi, kvw I wKZvji mv_ ev`vi nK RvwoZ| Kviv fxwZ c`kb, icvZ ev m` b Kiv
KwVbZg Kexiv Mvbvn, hv mswk ewi gv Qvov Avjvn gv Kib bv| Kvbv gvbylK nZvi welq mvgvb mnhvwMZv
om
ev PvLi BkvivI fqi cvc ej nv`xm DjL Kiv nqQ|
KvRB ivxq AeKvVvgi ga AvBbvbyM wePvii evBi ev ivcavbi wb`k kevwnbxi hvvì mv_ NvwlZ
I AvBbvbyM hyi evBi hw` KD nZv, AvNvZ, fq c`kb, m`-asm BZvw` KvR wj nb, Ze Bev`Z Keyj bv
.c
nIqv Ges MvbvnMvi nIqv QvovI wZwb ev`vi n b Kivi fqiZg cvc wj neb|
3. 5. wePvi I nZv
st
tru
wePvii binZv, weevwnZi ewfPvi I ^Qvq eyS b Bmjvg MnY Kivi ci Bmjvg ZvM Kij ZvK
gZz` Ìqvi weavb AvQ| G Rb AbK KwVb kZ iqQ| wePviK mevZK Pv Kieb gZz` bv Ìqvi| Acivai
ah
c~YZvi welq mvgvbZg m`n _vKjI Avi gZy` c`vb Kiv hve bv| KviY, wePviKi fyj wbicivai kvw ev Kg
Acivaxi ewk kvw nIqvi Pq Acivaxi gyw ev ewk Acivai Kg kvw nIqv evbxq|
nn
G wePvi AekB ivxq eevcbvq wePviKi Av`vjZ h_vh_ mv, cgvY I AvZc mg_bi cwqvi gvag
nZ ne| gyw gbK bvqi Av`k Ges Abvqi wbla I cwieZb KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| wK ZvK Abvqi wePvi
u
ev AvBb nvZ Zzj bIqvi AbygwZ Ìqv nq wb| Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ejb: 2
ss
.
.a
Zvgvì KD hw` Kvb Abvq `L Ze m Zvi evej w`q Zv cwieZb Kie| hw` ZvZ mg bv nq Ze
m Zvi eei gvag Zv cweeZb Kie| GZI hw` mg bv nq Ze m Zvi Ai w`q Zv cwieZb (Kvgbv) Kie,
w
Avi G Cgvbi `yejZg chvq|56

w
cZK gywgbiB `vwqZ Abvq `LZ cj mva I myhvM gZ Zvi cwieZb ev mskvab Kiv| hgb g`cvb GKwU
w
gybKvi ev Abvq| KD Ab KvDK g`cvb KiZ `Lj me nj Zv cwieZb Kieb| A_vr wZwb g`cvb e
Kieb| Zv me bv nj wZwb gyL viv Zv wbla Kieb| ZvI me bv nj wZwb Ai w`q Zv cwieZb Kieb, A_vr Zv
cwieZb Kivi cwiKbv Kieb ev NYv Kieb| wK Kvbv AevZB gyw gb g`cvbi Aciva D ewK wePvi
KiZ ev kvw w`Z cvieb bv| cqvRb wZwb D ewK AvBbi nvZ mvc` Kieb ev g`cvbi Bmjvgx kvw
ceZbi Rb `vIqvZ AevnZ ivLeb|
KvDK Kvbv Aciva wj `L ZvK wePviKi wbKU mvc` Ki h_vh_ cwqvq AvZc mg_bi gvag
wePvi Qvov KD kvw w`Z cvib bv| G cwqvi evBi ^qs ivcavb ev cavb wePvicwZI KvDK kvw w`Z cvib bv|
Ljxdv Dgvi (iv) Avyi ivngvb Beby AvDd (iv) -K ejb,

Avcwb kvmK _vKv Aevq hw` KvDK ewfPvii Aciva ev Pzwii Aciva iZ `LZ cvb Zvnj Zvi wePvii
weavb Kx? (wbRi `LvZB wK wePvi KiZ cvieb?) Avyi ivngvb (iv) ejb, Avcbvi mvI GKRb mvaviY
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 47

gymwjgi mvi mgvb| Dgvi (iv) ejb, Avcwb wVKB ejQb|57
A_vr ivcavb wbRi nvZ wePvi Zzj wbZ cvieb bv| GgbwK Zvi mvi AwZwi Kvbv g~jI bB|
ivcavbi GKvi mv Kvbv wePvi ne bv| wewagvZveK `yBRb ev PviRb mvxi Kg wePviK Kviv wePvi KiZ
cvieb bv|
Ab NUbvq Dgvi (iv) iv g`xbvq Nvivdiv Kivi mgq GKewK ewfPvi wj `LZ cvb| wZwb ciw`b
mvnvexMYK wRvmv Kib, hw` ivcavb KvDK ewfPvi wj `LZ cvb Zvnj wZwb wK kvw c`vb KiZ cvieb?
ZLb Avjx (iv) ejb, KLbvB bv| Avcwb Qvov Aviv wZbRb cZ mvx hw` Acivai mv bv `q Zvnj Avcbvi
Dci wg_v Acevì kvw cqvM Kiv ne|58
3. 6. wRnv` I nZv
3. 6. 1. wRnv` welqK AccPvi
Bmjvg welqK wevw I AccPvii g~j iqQ wRnv`| AbK mgq ejv nq, agB mKj nvbvnvwbi g~j, agi
bvgB icvZ nqQ mePq ewk| Kx RNb wg_vPvi!! G K_v mZ h, AbK mgq agK nvbvnvwbi nvwZqvi evbvbv
nq, Avevi AbK mgq ag mZ I bvqi ^v_ hyi AbygwZ `q| wK KLbvB agi bvg mePq ewk icvZ nq
wb| c_g wekhy, wZxq wekhy, Kgywb Pxbi mv_ Kgyw b wfqZbvgi hy, AvgwiKvi mv_ wfqZbvgi hy BZvw`
hy KvwU KvwU gvbyl giQ| K~Pxqvq Kgywb Lgvi iRi nvZ jj gvbyli fqi gZz, Rvmd vwjbi
om
wb`k cvq mvo wZb KvwU gvbyli nZv, gvImZzs-Gi Pxb cvq `y KvwU gvbyli nZv, gymvwjwbi wb`k BUvwji 4
j gvbyli gZz I Gic AMwYZ gvbyli nZv meB wK agi bvg nqQ?
.c
KLbv ejv nq, BmjvgB agi bvg wRnv` ev aghy ea KiQ| Gi Pq eo wg_v Avi Kx nZ cvi?
wn`yì agM gnvfviZ I ivgvqb cyivUvq hy I nvbvnvwb wbq| MxZv I Abvb agM hyi wb`k iqQ| evBej
st
evisevi hyi wb`k Ìqv nqQ| Avgiv cieZx AbyQ` evBejxq wRnv` I Bmvjgi wRnv` welq wKQz
tru
AvjvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn|
wRnv` welqK AviKwU wevw wRnv`K cwe hy ev aghy ej AvLvwqZ Kiv| wRnv` A_ KLbvB cwe
ah
hy (holy war) ev aghy (relegious war/crusade) bq| cwe hy, aghy, zmW BZvw` meB Lvb PvP
I hvRKì AvweKZ cwifvlv| Avgiv cieZx AbyQ` `Le h, Bmjvgi cwifvlvq wRnv` A_ ivxq hy| gymwjg
nn
ivi kì wei ivxq hyK Bmjvgi wRnv` ejv nqQ| mvaviYfve Kvwdi ev Agymwjg ivB gymwjg ivi
kiv; GRb wRnvì kìK Kvwdi, gykwiK ev Agymwjg ej DjL Kiv nqQ|
u
wRnv` welq AviKwU wevw njv, gymwjgiv agcPvi ev Bmjvg cwZvi Rb wRnv` Ki ev Bmjvg Zievixi
ss
Rvi cPvwiZ nqQ ej `vwe Kiv| GwU ay RNb wg_vB bq, eis cKZ mZi m~Y wecixZ Z_| cieZx AvjvPbvq
Avgiv `Le h, evBej agi KviY gvbyl nZvi wb`k Ìqv nqQ| evisevi weagxì Dcvmbvjq f djvi,
.a
`ki weagx bvMwiKì Drme WK Gb Vvv gv_vq nZv Kivi I wbwin weagxì ai nZv Kivi wb`k Ìqv
w
nqQ|59 325 Lv mgvU KbvbUvBb LagK ivagi ghv`v `b| mw`b _K wZxq wekhy ch Lvb PvP,
cvc, cPviK I ivwji BwZnvm njv ii BwZnvm| AavwgKZv ev heresy `gbi bvg A_ev ag cPvii bvg ciag
w
AmwnyZv, ciagi cwZ welvMvi, Rvic~eK agvi, Ab agvej^x ì nZv, wbhvZb ev Rxe AwM` Kiv Lvb
w
agi mycwiwPZ BwZnvm|

cvi Bmjvg ay ivxq mvefgZ I wbivcvi RbB hy ea Kiv nqQ, ag cPvii Rb bq| Bmjvg hyi
gq`vb Qvov KLbvB Agymwjg nIqvi KviY KvDK nZv Kiv nq wb ev Rvic~eK gymwjg evbvbv nq wb| ivm~jyjvn -
Gi g`xbvq AvMgbi c~e Z_vKvi AbKi mvb Bn~`x ag MnY KiwQj| Giv Bmjvg MnYi ci Zvì mvbìK
Bmjvg MnYi Rb Pvc cqvMi wmv bb| ivm~jyjvn ZvìK Gic Pvc cqvM _K wbla Kib Ges ZvìK
Zvì cQì ag cvjbi AwaKvi c`vb Kib|60
`xb cwZv ev `xb cPvii Rb nZv, wRnv` ev hy Zv `~ii K_v Kvbvic kwcqvMI wbwl| Avjvn ejQb:

Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 48

`xb Kvbv Rei`w bB| vw _K mZ my nqQ| h ZvM~ZK Awekvm Kie Ges AvjvnK wekvm
Kie m Ggb GK gheyZ nvZj aie hv KLbv fve bv| Avjvn mekvZv cvgq|61
ivm~jyjvn ejQb:

hw` Kvbv ew gymwjg ivi ga emevmKvix Agymwjg bvMwiK ev gymwjg `k AevbKvix Agymwjg `ki
Kvbv Agymwjg bvMwiKK nZv Ki Ze m RvbvZi myMI jvf KiZ cvie bv, hwÌ RvbvZi myM 40 ermii
`yiZ _K jvf Kiv hvq|62
weagxK nZv Zv `~ii K_v, weagxi mv_ Af` AvPiY KiZI wbla Kiv nqQ| Zvì agwekvm ev
DcvmìK Mvwj w`Z wbla Kiv nqQ| gymwjg Zuvi wbRi wekvmi kZ eYbv Kieb, Ze Kviv Mvwj wèb bv ev
Kviv Abyf~wZ AvnZ Kieb bv| KviY GZ cvivwiK MvjvMvwjB evoe| cZKB Zv Zvi agK fvjevm| Avjvn
gvbe cKwZ GfveB mw KiQb| Avi Kviv fw I fvjevmv AvnZ Kivi ga Kvbv KjvY bB| gnvb Avjvn ejb:

om
AvjvnK Qo hvìK Zviv WvK ZvìK Zvgiv Mvwj wÌ bv; KviY GZ ZvivI mxgvjNb Ki AZvekZ
AvjvnK Mvwj wè| GfveB Avwg cZK RvwZi `wZ Zvì KvhKjvc mykvfb KiwQ; AZtci Zvì cwZcvjKi
wbKU Zvì cZveZb, ZLb wZwb ZvìK Zvì KZKg mK AewnZ Kieb|63
.c
Ab gnvb Avjvn ejb: st

tru
Zvgiv Dg cvq Qvov Abvb agMi Abymvixì mv_ weZK Kie bv, Ze Zvì ga hviv mxgvjNb KiQ
Zviv ewZg|64
ah
RyBk GbmvBKvwcWxqv, Abvb wekKvl I BwZnvm cgvY Ki h, weMZ ò nvRvi eQi BDivci mKj Lvb
nn
`k Bn~`xì Dci eei AZvPvi Kiv nqQ, Rvi c~eK Zvì agvwiZ Kiv nqQ, ZvìK MYnvi nZv Kiv
nqQ, ZvìK MY-AvZnZvq eva Kiv nqQ Ges bvbfve Zvì m` wQwbq bIqv nqQ| A_P G mgq gymwjg
u
`kwjZ Bn~`xiv cwic~Y agx q ^vaxbZv I bvMwiK AwaKvi wbq emevm KiQb|
ss
cvq ò nvRvi ermi ai gymwjgMY Aviewek kvmb KiQb| mLvb ò KvwUiI ewk Lvb I KqK j
Bn~`x GLb ch eskciivq emevm KiQ| fviZ gymwjgMY cvq GKnvRvi eQi kvmb KiQb, mLvb cvq kZKiv
.a
80 Rb wn`y| A_P LvbMY h `kB `Lj KiQb, Rvihei`w Ki ev Qj-ej m`ki gvbylì agvwiZ
KiQb A_ev nZv I weZvob KiQb|
w
Bmjvg hw` Zievixi RviB cPvwiZ ne Zvnj B`vbwkqv weki meenr Bmjvgx `k njv wK Ki?
w
B`vbwkqv, gvjqwkqv, wdwjcvB, ebvB I Abvb `k Zv Kvbv gymwjg evwnbx KLbvB hvq wb| weMZ Aa kZvw
w
hver Bmjvg The firstest growing religion ev mevwaK eabkxj ag| BDivc I AvgwiKv-mn mKj `ki nvRvi
nvRvi gvbyl Bmjvg MnY KiQb| Kvb& Zievixi fq Zviv Bmjvg MnY KiQb?
3. 6. 2. Bmjvgx kixqZ wRnv` I Zvi c~ekZ
wRnv` A_ cPv, msMvg, cwikg BZvw`| 65 Avjvni weavb cvjbi I cPvii mKj kg ev cPvKB KziAvb I
nv`xm KLbv KLbv wRnv` ejv nqQ| hgb, Kvwdi-gybvwdKì `vIqvZ Ìqv I Zvì Abvqi cwZev`K wRnv`
ejv nqQ| 66 hvwjg kvmKi mvgb mZ I bvqi K_v ejvK mek wRnv` ejv nqQ| 67 nK wRnv` Ges mek
wRnv` ejv nqQ|68 Avjvni AvbyMZ-g~jK ev AvZwg~jK h Kvbv Kgi PvK wRnv` ejv nqQ|69 Ze Bmjvgx
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 49

cwifvlvq I Bmjvgx wdK&n wRnv` ejZ wKZvj ev gymwjg ivi ivxq hyKB eySvbv nq| wdKni cwifvlvq me`v
wRnv` A_ wKZvj ejv nqQ|70
KZj A_ nZv Kiv| Avi wKZvj A_ cii hy| GRb wRnv` ev wKZvji g~j kZ njv mvgbvmvgwb hy|
wcQb _K nZv Kiv, bv Rvwbq nZv Kiv, nZv Kiv Gwj KLbvB Bmjvgx wKZvj ev wRnv` bq| g`xbvi iv
cwZvi ci _K ivm~jyjvn ( )-Gi bZZ gymwjgMY AbK wKZvj KiQb| hyi gq`vb Qvov Kvwdiì `k
hq Mvcb nZv, mvm, AwM mshvM, wel cqvM BZvw` KLbvB wZwb Kib wb ev Kivi AbygwZ c`vb Kib wb|
`yB-GKwU hyiZ mvgwiK bZv ev gZz`cv AvmvgxK h_vme Kg icvZ gZz` c`vbi Rb ivi
c _K Mvcb Kgvv Awfhvb cvwiPvjbv Kivi AbygwZ `b wZwb| Kve Beby Avkivd I Ave~ ivwd mvjvg Beby Avwej
KvBK-Gi gZz ` KvhKi KiZ Kgvv Awfhvb wQj G chvqi| Gic Awfhvbi gvag wZwb gymwjg evwnbx I k
evwnbx Dfq ci nZvnZi msLv cvq k~b AvbZ mg nqQb|71 iv wbqwZ Gic Kgvv nvgjv Qvov Ab
Kvbvfve hyi gq`vb I wePvi Qvov wZwb nZvi AbygwZ `b wb| GgbwK hyi gq`vbI AhvvK AvNvZ KiZ wZwb
wbla KiQb|
wKZvj ev hyi Bmjvg AbK kZ Avivc KiQ| mwji AbZg (1) ivi we`gvbZv I ivcavbi
AbygwZ, (2) iv ev gymwjgì wbivcv wewNZ nIqv, (3) mw I kvwi myhvMK cvavb Ìqv I (4) Kejgv hvv
jeZ AvNvZ Kiv|
om
(1) ivi AwZ I ivcavbi Abygv`b
Bmjvg wRnvì eaZvi mec_g kZ njv ivi AwZ| wKZvj ev wRnv` KLbvB Bmjvgx iv ev Bmjvgx wePvi
eev cwZvi gvag bq| Bmjvgx iv cwZvi GKgv gvag `vIqvZ ev cPvi| wKZvj njv cwZwZ ivi msiY,
.c
iv I bvMwiKì wbivcvi gvag| ivm~jyjvn ( ) `vIqvZi gvag Bmjvgx mgvR cwZvi Pv Kib| `vIqvZi
st
wei AgvbweK eeiZv I mwnsm cwZivaK wZwb cwic~Y Awnsm Dg AvPiY w`q gyKvwejv KiQb| Ave~ evKi, Dgvi,
Dmgvb, Avyi ivngvb Beby AvDd I gvi Aviv AbK kxlvbxq mvgvwRK bZv Bmjvg MnY KiwQjb| Zvì mv_
tru
mvaviY AbK gymwjg wQjb| Zuviv me`v ivm~jyjvn -Gi KvQ AbygwZ PqQb Kvwdiì mwnsm AvPiYK cwZiva
KiZ ev Zvì eeiZvi cwZev` A Zzj wbZ| wK KLbvB m AbygwZ Ìqv nq wb|
ah
GK chvq `vIqvZi wfwZ g`xbvi msLvMwi RbMY Bmjvgx Rxebeev gb bb Ges ivm~jyjvn ( )-K
Zuvì ivcavb wnmve MnY Kib| Gfve `vIqvZi gvag Bmjvgx iv cwZwZ nq|
nn
gykwiKMY G bZzb ivwUK AziB webvk KiZ Pv Ki| ZLb iv I bvMwiKì wbivcv wbwZ Kivi Rb
wRnvì weavb c`vb Kiv nq| ivi we`gvbZv I ivcavbi AbygwZ ev wb`k wRnvì eaZvi kZ ej DjL Ki
u
ivm~jyjvn ( ) ejb:
ss

.a
ivcavb Xvj, hvK mvgb iL hy cwiPvwjZ ne|72

w
GRb Avgiv `LZ cvB h, mvnvexMY ivxq bZZi evBi hy ev wKZvj wj nb wb| Avjx (iv)-Gi mv_
gyAvweqv (iv)-Gi hy wQj ivxq hy| Bqvwhì wei Bgvg mvBbi hy I DgvBqv kvmKì mv_ Avyjvn Beby
w
hyevBii hy wQj GKvB ivxq hy| gyAvweqvi (iv) gZzi ci KdvevmxMY Bgvg mvBbK (iv) ivcavb wnme evBqvZ
w
Ki c wjLb| Zviv Bgvg mvBbKB ea ivcwZ wnme MnY Kib Ges Bqvwhì ivgZvi `vwe A^xKvi Kib|
Gfve gymwjg mgvR `ywU iv wef nq co Ges hyweMn msNwUZ nq| Avyjvn Beby hyevBii (iv) I welqwU
GKBic wQj|
G mKj ea ivxq hyI hnZz gymwjgì wei cwiPvwjZ nZv, mRb mvnvexMY mvaviYZ GwjZ Ask MnY
_K weiZ _vKZb, hwÌ Zuviv gymwjg ivcavb KZK we`vnx gymwjgì wei hyi eaZv ^xKvi KiZb| Avgiv
`LwQ h, Avjx (iv)-Gi mgqi hy 30 RbiI Kg mvnvex Ask wbqQb ej RvwbqQb cwm Zvweqx Beby wmixb,
hwÌ ZLb nvRvi nvRvi mvnvex RxweZ wQjb|
73 wnRixZ nvvR Beby BDm~d hLb gv Aeiva Ki Beby hyevBii wei asmvZK Avgb PvjvZ _vK,
ZLb `yB ew Avyjvn Beby Dgvi (iv)-Gi wbKU Gm ej,

Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 50
:

gvbyliv asm nq hvQ| Avcwb Beby Dgvi, ivm~jyjvn -Gi mvnvex, AvcbvK ewiq hy Ask wbZ evav w`Q
wKm? wZwb ejb, Avjvn Avgvi fvBqi i nvivg KiQb, G-B AvgvK hy Ask wbZ evav w`Q| Ab eYbvq Zviv
ej, wK KviY Avcwb GK eQi n Kib AviK eQi Dgiv Kib Ges Avjvni ivvq wRnv` cwiZvM Kib? A_P
Avcwb Rvbb h, Avjvn wRnvì Rb Kx cwigvY Drmvn I ciYv w`qQb? ZLb Avyjvn Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb,
fvwZRv, Bmjvg cwZwZ nqQ cuvPwU welqi Dci: Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~ji ( ) Dci wekvm vcb Kiv, cuvP Iqv
mvjvZ, ivgvhvbi wmqvg, hvKvZ c`vb I evBZzjvni n|73
GLvb Avyjvn Beby Dgvi (iv) wRnvì Av`k I nZvi wblavvi ga Zzjbv KiQb| Bmjvgi g~jbxwZ,
Av`k cvjbi Pq wbla eRb AMMY|74 weklZ G wbwl KgwU KziAvb-nv`xm evisevi fqiZg Kexiv
Mvbvn wnme DjL Kiv nqQ|
GQvov wRnv` AviKvb Bmjvgi gZ gywgbi Rxebi AweQ` Ask bq ev Dw (Aimed at; intended )
om
Bev`Z bq; eis Zv Dw Bev`Zwj cvjbi DcKiY (accessory; equipment; apparatus) gv| wRnvì gvag
g~j Bev`wj cvjbi cwiek iv Kiv nq| cwiek we`gvb _vKj Avi wRnvì cqvRb _vK bv| Dw Bev`Z
KLbv wMZ nq bv; DcKiY wMZ nZ cvi| mvjvZ, wmqvg BZvw` Bev`Z me`v mevev q cvjbxq| cvi wRnv`
.c
Kejgv G mKj Bev`Z cvjbi weN NUjB cvjbxq|
st
mvjvZ, wmqvg, wZjvIqvZ, whK&i BZvw` Kg mivmwi Bev`Z| gywgb hZ ewk cvjb Kieb ZZewk mvIqve jvf
Kieb| cvi wRnv` njv Acivaxi kvw Ìqvi gZ Bev`Z| G hZ ewk Acivaxi kvw Ìqv ne ZZ ewk
tru
mvIqve ne ej gb Kivi Kvbv myhvM bB| hw` Aciva cgvwYZ nq Zvnj kixqZ Abymvi kvw c`vb Bev`Z ev
`vwqZ cwiYZ nq| GRb Bmjvg kvw c`vb cwqv KwVb Kiv nqQ Ges mvgvbZg m`ni kvwc`vb _K
ah
weiZ _vKZ ejv nqQ| Avi GRbB wRnv` Govbvi Rb Bmjvg mw I kvwK wekl iZ Ìqv nqQ| Avgiv
cieZx AbyQ` Zv AvjvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn|
nn
G_K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, wRnv` g~jZ Bmjvgx ivi msiY I Bmjvgx `vIqvZK GwMq bIqvi
DcKiY| cqvRb Zv AekB eenvi KiZ ne| Ze mevevq Pv KiZ ne G eev Gwoq mw ev kvwi
u
gvag g~j Dk mvavb Kivi|

ss
wRnvì evisevi Av`k Kiv njI Zvi Rb AbK kZ DjL Kiv nqQ, ZvK dih AvBb ej Kv_vI DjL
.a
Kiv nq wb Ges Zv cwiZvMi AbygwZ Ìqv nqQ| KvRB cwiZvMhvM GKwU Kg cvjbi Rb gyw gb KLbvB
fqiZg GKwU nvivg wj nZ cvib bv| G Zuvì g~jbxwZ wQj h, fyj wRnvì gvbyl nZv ev gvbyli wZ
w
Kivi Pq mwVK wRnv` eRb Kiv AbK kq|

w
Gfve Avgiv `wL h, mvnvexMY m`ni ivxq bZZ ea wRnvÌ Ask MnY _K weiZ _vKZb| Avi
w
ivxq bZZi evBi KLbvB Kvbv hy Zviv ea ej gb Kib wb| LvwiRxMYi Avwefvei fwelvYx welqK
nv`xmwjZ ivm~jyjvn LvwiRxìK nZv Kivi wb`k w`qQb| GgbwK wZwb ejQb, Zvgvì ga hviv
ZvìK cve Zviv hb ZvìK nZv Ki| mvnvexMY G _K KLbvB eySb wb h, LvwiRxìK cjB nZv KiZ
ne| Zuviv KLbvB hyi gq`vb Qvov Ab Kvbv mycwiwPZ LvwiRx bZvKI nZv Kib wb|75
(2) iv ev gymwjgi wbivcv
wKZvji AbZg kZ, kc iv AvgY Kie ev ivi wbivcv gwKi myLxb ne| gnvb Avjvn ejb:

hyi AbygwZ Ìqv njv ZvìK hviv Avv nqQ; KviY Zvì cwZ AZvPvi Kiv nqQ| 76
gymwjg ivi I bvMwiKMYi wbivcv QvovI Ab`ki wbhvwZZ gymwjg bvMwiKì gwjK AwaKvi msiY I
wbivcvi Rb mnhvwMZvi nvZ evovbv gymwjg ivi `vwqZ| Avi G `vwqZ cvjbi I wRnvì cqvRb nZ
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 51

cvi| hw` Ab `ki gymwjg bvMwiKMY Kvbv gymwjg `ki mvnvh cv_bv Kib Ges m `ki mv_ gymwjg `ki
Kvbv Pzw ev KUbwZK mK bv _vK Zvnj gymwjg iv cqvRb m `ki wei hy cwiPvjbv KiZ cvi ev
ZvìK wbhvZb _K ivi eev wbZ cvi| Avjvn ejb:

wbq hviv Cgb GbQ, wnRiZ KiQ (Agymwjg mgvR cwiZvM Ki Bmjvgx ivi bvMwiKZ MnY KiQ) Ges
wbRì m` I Rxeb w`q Avjvni ivvq wRnv` KiQ Zviv GK Acii AwffveK-ez| Avi hviv Cgvb GbQ, wK
wnRiZ Kiwb, Zvì AwffveKZi (mvnvhi) Kvbvic `vwqZ Zvgvì bB, hZY bv Zviv wnRiZ Ki| Avi hw`
Zviv `xbi welq Zvgvì wbKU Kvbv mvnvh Pvq Ze mvnvh Kiv Zvgvì KZe| Ze Gic RvwZi wei bq
hvì mv_ Zvgvì cviwiK Pzw iqQ| Avi Zvgiv hv Ki m welq Avjvn c~Y `wgvb| 77
(3) mw I kvwi myhvM MnY
Avgiv `LwQ h, wRnv` Dw Bev`Z bq, Dw Bev`Z cvjbi cwiek ivi DcKiY| wRnvì Dk iv,
om
bvMwiK I Bmjvgx `vIqvZi wbivcv iv Kiv| G Dk hw` wRnv` Qvov AwRZ nq Ze ZvK AMvwaKvi w`Z ne|
GRb Bmjvg mw I kvwi myhvM MnY KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ| Avjvn ejb:

.c
st
Avi hw` Zviv mwi cwZ SuyK co, Ze ZzwgI Zvi cwZ SzuK co, Avi Avjvni Dci wbfi Ki, wbq wZwb
mekvZv, me|78
tru
`vBweqvi mwi NUbv KziAvb I nv`xmi AvjvK chvjvPbv Kij Avgiv `wL h, Bmjvgx ivi msiY,
`vIqvZi cmvi I `xbi weRq wRnvì PqI mwi Ae`vb wQj AbK ewk| RvMwZK wePvi G mw wQj
ah
AcgvbRbK, AegvbbvKi Ges KvwdiìK mKj Qvo Ìqv| h Kvbv AveMx wePvi G wQj me wKQz gb bIqv|
Dgvi (iv) I AwaKvsk mvnvexB Gic feQb| G mgq gKvevmxi wei hy Kivi mKj AwaKvi Zvì wQj Ges hy
nn
Rqx nIqvi mKj myhvM I mvebvI wQj| wK Zv mI ivm~jyjvn mwK AMvwaKvi w`qQb Ges Kvwdiì mKj
`vwe gb wbq mw KiQb| Avi Bmjvgi Kvbv wRnv`, MvhIqv, hy, Awfhvb ev weRqK dvZn gyexb ev my
u
weRq ejv nq wb| wK G me wKQz gb bIqvi mwK KziAvb dvZn gyexb ej DjL Kiv nqQ|
ss
mw I kvw ivq ivm~jyjvn AZ AvMnx wQjb| Gi GKwU cKvk `vqweqvi mw iv_ wbhvwZZ
gymwjgìK Kvwdiì nvZ Qo Ìqv| G wQj Ggb GKwU wmv hv cvq mKj mvnvexK wez KiQ| wK
.a
ivm~jyjvn G Pzw ivq Abo wQjb| mw Pzw ^vii mgq `vBweqvi gq`vbB Ave~ Rvb`vj (iv) bvgK GKRb
w
wbhvwZZ gymwjg kLwjZ AevZB gv _K cvwjq ivm~jyjvn Gi wbKU Gm Avkq cv_bv Kib| wK ivm~jyjvn
w
kZ gZveK ZvK gvevmxì nvZ mgcb Kib| DcwZ mvnvexMY G welq LyeB AveMx nq DVb| wK ivm~jyjvn
Zuvi wmv Abo _vKb| Gici AviK wbhvwZZ gymwjg Ave~ evmxi (iv) gv _K cvwjq g`xbvq Avkq cv_bv
w
Kib| wK ivm~jyjvn ZvKI wdwiq `b|

GKchvq Ave~ evmxi (iv), Ave~ Rvb`vj (iv) I Aviv AbK wbhvwZZ gymwjg gv _K cvwjq wmwiqvi c_ Cm
bvgK vb mgeZ nb| mwPzwi KviY ivm~jyjvn ZvìK g`xbvi bvMwiK wnme MnY KiZ cvib wb| Avi g`xbv
ivi mv_ gvevmxì mw _vKjI G bZzb RbMvxi mv_ Zvì mw wQj bv; eis Zvì ga cwic~Y hyvev weivR
KiwQ| G Aevq Zuviv wmwiqvMvgx KzivBk Kvwdjvwji Dci Avgb PvjvZ _vKb| gvevmxiv eySZ cvi h, GìK
g`xbv ivi bvMwiK gb mwPzwi Afy KivB Zvì Rb wbivc`| ZvìB Abyiva ivm~jyjvn mwPzwi mswk
kZwU evwZj Ki ZuvìK g`xbvq Avkq MnYi eev Kib|79
Gfve mKj cKvi AveM I e`bv wbqY Ki ivm~jyjvn mw I kvw ivi Pv KiQb|
hy ev nZv Gwoq kvwi j ARbi Rb Bmjvg ivxq hyi I hy ii c~e kvwi myhvM `vbi wb`k
Ìqv nqQ| kevwnbxK mw, AvZmgcb, Bmjvg MnY, wRwhqv ev Ki c`vb BZvwì myhvM w`Z ne| GQvov hy
i nIqvi ci, hy PjvKvj GKevi AvNvZi mgqI hw` Kvbv k mb wbRK gymjgvb ej `vwe Ki Ze
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 52

ZvK Avi AvNvZ Kiv hve bv| eZ GKRb Wvvi hgb mevZK Pv Kib ivMxi AQ` bv Ki wPwKrmv Kivi-
GKv eva njB Kej Zvi Kvbv A KU cvY evPvbvi Pv Kib; Zgwb Bmjvg mevZK Pv Kiv nqQ cwZwU
gvbyli cvY iv Kivi|
(4) Kejgv hvv jeZ AvNvZ
wKZvji Ab kZ, ay hviv hy KiZ AaviY Ki mvgb GmQ ZvìB mv_ hy KiZ ne|

Zvgiv Avjvni ivvq hy Ki Zvì mv_ hviv Zvgvì mv_ hy KiQ| wK mxgv jNb Kie bv, Avjvn
mxgvjNbKvixìK fvjevmb bv|80
G wb`ki gvag Bmjvg ivxq mvm I hyi bvg Ahvv jeZ AvNvZ Kiv, Ahvv gvbylìK nZv
Kiv BZvw` mvmi c_ iva KiQ| hvv Qvov Kviv mv_ hy Kiv hve bv Ges hyi I mxgvjNb, AvMvmb
BZvw` wbwl Kiv nqQ| G welq nv`xmi wb`k:
... ... ...
... ...
om

hy Zvgiv cZviYv ev auvKvi Avkq be bv, Pzwf Kie bv, Kvbv gvbyl ev cvYxi gZ`n weKZ Kie bv ev
.c
Amvb Kie bv, Kvbv wk-wKkviK nZv Kie bv, Kvbv gwnjvK nZv Kie bv, Kvbv MxRvevmx, mbvmx ev
st
aghvRKK nZv Kie bv, Kvbv eK nZv Kie bv, Kvbv Amy gvbylK nZv Kie bv, Kvbv evwoNi asm Kie
tru
bv, Lvì cqvRb Qvov Mi, DU ev Kvbv cvYx ea Kie bv, hyi cqvRb Qvov Kvbv MvQ KvUe bv...| Zvgiv `qv
I KjvY Kie, KviY Avjvn `qvKvix- KjvYKvixìK fvjevmb| 81
ah
ivm~jyjvn ( ) Zuvi Rxebi mKj hy mevZK Pv KiQb h_vme Kg cvYnvwb NUvZ| ay gymwjg ivi
bvMwiK I hvvì RxebB bq, Dci wZwb kci bvMwiK I hvvìI cvYnvwb KgvZ PqQb| eZ Bmjvg
nn
hyK h gvbweK ic c`vb KiQ Zv Ab Kvbv agB cvIqv hvq bv|

Dchy kZvewji we`gvbZvq wRnv` kixqZ mZ Bev`Z cwiYZ nq| G wRnv` AvZivg~jK
u
(defensive) nZ cvi| Avevi Zv AvgbvZK ev wbewg~jK (offensive/preemptive) nZ cvi| iv cavb G

ss
welq wmv MnY Kieb|

3. 6. 3. wRnvì dhxjZ I weavb
.a
wbtm`n wRnvì gvag Rxeb I m` Kzievbx Ìqv AZ eo ZvM Ges gvbexq cKwZi Rb LyeB KKi|
GRb G Bev`Zi mvIqve I cyiviI Afvebxq| KziAvb I nv`xm wRnvì Adzi mvIqve I cyivii K_v ejv nqQ
w
Ges wRnvì Bev`Z cvjbi Rb wekl Drmvn I wb`k Ìqv nqQ| G mKj AvqvZ I nv`xmi A_ wRnv` hLb ea
w
ev kixqZ mZ ne ZLb h ew gvbexq `yejZvi Ea DV wRnvì `vwqZ cvjb Kie ZLb m G Afvebxq cyivi
w
jvf Kie|
GQvov wRnvì AveM I AvMn gywgbi `q _vKe| wRnvì gvag Rxeb I mì Kzievbxi cwZ Abxnv
Cgvbi `yejZv cgvY Ki| ivm~jyjvn ejQb:

hw` KD GgZvevq gZzeiY Ki h, m hy AskMnY Ki wb Ges hyvwfhvb AskMnYi Kvbv K_vI wbRi
gbK KLbv ej wb, Ze m ew gybvwdKxi GKwU kvLvi Dci gZzeiY Kij|82
Avgiv `Le h, mvaviYfve wRnv` dih wKdvqv Ges iv k KZK Avv nj dih AvBb| dih wKdvqv
Aevq hw` mKj gymwjg Zv cwiZvM Ki Ges dih AvBb Aevq hw` gymwjgMY Zv cwiZvM Ki Ze Zv Zvì
RvMwZK jvbv eq Avbe| ivm~jyjvn ejb:

Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 53

hLb Zvgiv Aea eemvevwYR wj ne, Mevw`ci jR aviY Kie, Pvlvev`B Zz _vKe Ges Avjvni iv
vq wRnv` cwiZvM Kie ZLb Avjvn Zvgvì Dci jvbv Pvwcq wèb, `xb cZveZb bv Kiv ch hv wZwb AcmviY
Kieb bv|83
G mKj AvqvZ I nv`xm _K AbK mgq AveMx gywgb fyj eySb h, wRnvì welq hnZz ewk ewk wb`k I
Drmvn Ìqv nqQ, iZ Ìqv nqQ Ges ewk ewk cyivii NvlYv Ìqv nqQ mnZz wRnv` mvjvZ-wmqvgi
gZB Bev`Z A_ev mvjvZ wmqvgi PqI eo Bev`Z| KviY gnvb Avjvn mvjvZ I wmqvg dih KiQb Ges wZwbB
wRnv` dih KiQb| Avjvn ejQb ( ) Zvgvì Dci wmqvg wewae Kiv nqQ 84 Ges wZwbB
ejQb ( ) Zvgvì Dci wKZvj ev hy wewae Kiv nqQ|85 KvRB mvjvZ, wmqvg I wRnv`-
wKZvji ga cv_K Kij ev mvjvZ cvjb Ki wRnv`-wKZvj cvjb bv Kij Bmjvg cvjb Kiv ne bv| Avyjvn Beby
Dgvii mv_ LvwiRxMYi K_vcK_b Avgiv Gi bgybv `LwQ|
Avgiv BZvc~e ejwQ h, KziAvb Kvbv Bev`ZiB wevwiZ weavb I kZvewj DjL Kiv nq wb| KziAvb I
mybvZi mvgwMK wb`kbvi AvjvK Zv RvbZ nq| KziAvb I mybvZi AvjvK Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, wRnv` mvjvZ-
wmqvg BZvwì gZ dih AvBb ev `xbi iKb bq, eis Zv dih wKdqv Bev`Z| wRnvì kZwj c~iY mvc wRnv`
ea ev dih nj DvZi wKQz m`m Zv cvjb Kieb| GZ DvZi mKji `vwqZ cvwjZ nq hve| Abiv cvcgy
om
neb, Ze G Bev`Z cvjbi mvIqve Zviv cveb bv| hviv G Bev`Z cvjb Kieb Zviv G Bev`Z cwiZvMKixì Pq
AwaK ghv`v jvf Kieb, Ze cwiZvMKvixiv cvcx neb bv| G welq Avjvn ejb:
.c

st
...
tru
gywgbì ga hviv Kvbv Amyweav bv _vKv mI (wRnv` bv Ki) Ni em _vK Ges hviv Avjvni c_ wbRì
cvY I m` viv wRnv` Ki Zviv mgvb bq| hviv wbRì cvY I m` viv wRnv` Ki Avjvn ZvìK hviv Ni em
ah
_vK Zvì Dci ghv`v w`qQb| Dfq cKvii gywgbKB Avjvn KjvYi (RvbvZi) cwZkwZ w`qQb ....|86
GLvb gnvb Avjvn myZB RvwbqQb h, Kvbvic IRi I Amyweav bv _vKv mI hw` KD wRnv` cwiZvM
nn
Ki Ze m cvcx ne bv, ay AwZwi mvIqve I ghv`v _K ewZ ne| G A_ GK nv`xm Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (iv)
ejb,
u
) (
ss
: )
.a
(
w
w
GKew ivm~jyjvn -Gi wbKU AvvMgb Ki ej, n Avjvni ivm~j, mevg gvbyl K? wZwb ejb: h gywgb
wbRi Rxeb I m` w`q Avjvni ivvq wRnv` Ki| jvKwU ej, Gici mevg K? wZwb ejb: h gywgb gvbylì
w
_K wewQb nq GKvKx weRb DcZvKvq _K Zvi cwZcvjKi Bev`Z Ki (wZxq eYbvq: Gfve wbRb GKvKx m
mvjvZ Kvqg Ki, hvKvZ `q, gZz AvMgb ch Zvi cwZcvjKi Bev`Z Ki) Ges gvbyli Kvbv wZ Ki bv|87
Gfve mgvR I wRnv` cwiZvM Ki weRb wbRb GKvKx emevm Ki `xbi AviKvb I AvnKvg cvjbi KviY
wZxq ew ghv`vq wZxq vb AwaKvi Kijb, Ze cvcx ej MY njb bv|
Ab AvqvZ Avjvn ejb:

gyw gbì Rb msMZ bq h, Zviv mKj GKm Awfhvb ei ne| Zvì cwZwU `j _K GKvsk ei nq bv
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 54

Kb? hvZ Zviv `xbi vbvbykxjb KiZ cvi Ges Zvì mc`vqK mZK KiZ cvi, hLb Zviv Zvì wbKU wdi
Avme, hb Zviv mZK nq|88
wewfb nv`xm ivm~jyjvn wcZvgvZvi L`gZ ev Abyic `vwqZi KviY wRnv` _K weiZ _vKZ ejQb| GK
nv`xm Avyjvn Beby Avgi Bebyj Avm (iv) ejb:
)
(
GKew ivm~jyjvn -Gi KvQ Gm wRnv` AskMnYi AbygwZ cv_bv Ki| wZwb ejb: Zvgvi wcZvgvZv wK
RxweZ AvQb? m ej : nuv| ZLb wZwb ejb : Zvgvi wcZvgvZvK wbq Zzwg wRnv` Ki| (Ab eYbvq: Zvnj Zzwg
Zvgvi wcZvgvZvi KvQ wdi hvI Ges myìfve Zuvì L`gb I mvnPvh Rxeb KvUvI|89
G mKj AvqvZ I nv`xmi AvjvK gymwjg Dvni cwm dKxnMY GKgZ h, wRnv` dih wKdvqv ev mvgwK
dih, wKQz gymwjg Zv cvjb Kij Abì dih Av`vq nq hvq| Ze hviv cvjb Kieb ZvivB ay mvIqve jvf Kieb,
Abiv Mvbvn _K gy neb| wekl cwiwwZZ kevwnbx hw` iv `Lj Ki bq, ev iv hw` ewnk viv Avv nq,
mbvevwnbxi c AvMvmb iva me bv nq, Ges ivcavb mKj bvMwiKK hy AskMnYi wb`k `b Ze G Aevq
wRnv` dih AvBb cwiYZ nq| Avjvgv KziZzex ejb:
om

.c
h welq BRgv ev HKgZ cwZwZ nqQ Zv njv, DvZ gynvv`xi mKji Dci wRnv` dih wKdvqv| hLb
st
wKQz gvbyl Zv cvjb Kie ZLb Ab mKji `vwqZ AcmvwiZ ne| Ze hLb kMY Bmjvgx iv AeZiY Ki ZLb Zv
tru
dih AvBb nq hvq|90
Zvdmxi, nv`xm-evLv I wdKni cvq mKj MB wewfb k I evK G K_vB ejv nqQ|
ah
3. 6. 4. Kvwdi hvv nZv ebvg Kvwdi nZv

KziAvb hgb Kv_vI Kv_vI Kvwdiì ev gykwiKì nZv Kivi wb`k Ìqv nqQ, Zgwb Ab ay
nn
hyiZì mv_ hy Kivi wb`k Ìqv nqQ| hgb Avgiv `LwQ h, Avjvn ejQb: Avjvni ivvq hy Ki Zvì
wei hviv Zvgvì mv_ hy KiQ Ges mxgvjNb Kiv bv| Ab Avjvn ejQb:
u

ss

.a

Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~ji c _K mKQì NvlYv gykwiKì ga _K hvì mv_ Zvgiv Pzwe nqwQj
Zvì cwZ| myZivs Zvgiv hgxb wePiY Ki Pvi gvm, Avi Rb ivL, Zvgiv AvjvnK Ag KiZ cvie bv, Avi
wbq Avjvn Kvwdiì Ac`Kvix| Avi gnvb ni w`b gvbyli cwZ Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~ji c _K NvlYv, wbq
Avjvn gykwiKì _K `vqgy Ges Zuvi ivm~jI| AZGe hw` Zvgiv ZvIev Ki, Zvnj Zv Zvgvì Rb Dg| Avi
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 55

hw` Zvgiv wdi hvI, Zvnj Rb ivL, Zvgiv AvjvnK Ag KiZ cvie bv| Avi hviv Kzdix KiQ Zzwg ZvìK
hYv`vqK kvwi mymsev` `vI| Ze gykwiKì ga _K hvì mv_ Zvgiv Pzwe nqQ, AZtci Zviv Zvgvì
mv_ Kvbv wU Kiwb Ges Zvgvì wei KvDK mvnvh Kiwb, Zvgiv ZvìK Ìqv Pzw Zvì wbw` gqv`
ch c~Y Ki| wbq Avjvn gyvKxì fvjevmb| AZtci hLb wbwl gvmjv (NvwlZ 4 gvm) AwZevwnZ nq hve,
ZLb Zvgiv gykwiKìK hLvbB cvI nZv Ki, ZvìK cvKovI Ki, ZvìK Aeiva Ki Ges Zvì Rb cwZwU
NvwUZ em _vK| Ze hw` Zviv ZvIev Ki, mvjvZ Kvqg Ki Ges hvKvZ `q Ze Zvì c_ Qo `vI| wbq
Avjvn eoB gvkxj, cig KiYvg| Avi hw` gykwiKì KD Zvgvi KvQ Avkq Pvq, Zvnj ZvK Avkq `vI, hvZ m
Avjvni Kvjvg b, AZtci ZvK Zvi wbivc` Avkq cuQ `vI| Zv GRb h Zviv A mc`vq| Kxfve gykwiKì
Rb Pzw-AxKvi _vKe Avjvni KvQ I Zuvi ivm~ji KvQ? Aek gmwR` nvivgi KvQ hvì mv_ Zvgiv
AxKvive nqQ Zvì K_v Avjv`v| hZY Zviv Zvgvì Rb wVK _vK, ZZY ZvgivI Zvì Rb wVK _vK|
wbq Avjvn gyvKxì fvjevmb|91
GLvb Avjvn ejQb: hLb wbwl gvmjv (NvwlZ 4 gvm) AwZevwnZ nq hve, ZLb Zvgiv gykwiKìK
hLvbB cvI nZv Ki ... AbK mgq Agymwjg jLKMY Ges KLbv AveMx gyRvwn`MY KziAvbi Abvb AvqvZ ev`
w`q Ges G AvqvZwj AvMi I cii ee ev` w`q ay G K_vwj DZ Ki `vwe Kib h, Bmjvg mKj Kvwdi ev
AgymwjgK nZv Kivi wb`k Ìqv nqQ| A_P Abvb AvqvZ ev` w`jI GLvbi AvqvZwj LyeB | GLvb
om
myZB ejv nqQ, h mKj Kvwdi RbMvxi mv_- ZrKvjxb cvcU h mKj Kexjv ev Mvg ivi mv_- Zvgvì
Pzw iqQ Zvì ga hviv Pzw f Ki wb Zvì Pzw envj _vKe| Avi hviv Pzw f KiQ ZvìK Zvgvì c
_K Pzw evwZj I KUbwZK mK wQb Kivi NvlYv w`q Pvi gvmi mgq `vI| G mgqi ga Zvi hw` `xb MnY Ki
.c
ev ekZv MnY Ki wbivcv cv_bv Ki Ze ZvìK wbivcv wè| Abvbì NvwlZ Pvigvm AwZv nIqvi
st
ci hyvev weivR Kie| Zvì evwnbxK hLvb cvIqv hve Avgb Kiv ne Ges nZv ev e`x Kiv ne|
GLvb Ahvv gykwiKìK nZv Kivi wb`k Ìqv nq wb| G AvqvZi wb`k cvjb KLbvB ivm~jyjvn
tru
Ahvv gykwiKìK c_ cvi ai nZv KiZ wb`k `b wb| GLvb gykwiKMY ejZ hvì wei hyyi NvlYv
Ìqv njv m mKj PzwfKvix gykwiK RbMvx ev Kexiv ivi hvvìK eySvbv nqQ| GLvb c_g, kl I
ah
gvS evisevi PzwivKvixì Pzw iv KiZ I wbivcvcv_xì wbivcv w`Z wb`k Ìqv nqQ| cvkvcvwk evwK
mKji wei hyi wb`k Ìqv nqQ| AZwKZ ev Mvcb Avgb bv Ki my NvlYv w`q Pvi gvmi mgq Ìqv
nn
nqQ|
G NvlYvi Dk h_vme ewk wRnv` Ki ewk gykwiK nZv Kiv bq, eis G NvlYvi Dk wRnvì
u
cqvRbxqZv mxwgZ Kiv Ges hZ ewk me gvbylK euvPvbv| AvaywbK hyMI AvMnx Ahvvì myhvM Ìqvi Rb ev
ss
hyiZ iv ev RbMvxi gbvej `yej Ki hy Govbvi Rb Gic NvlYv Ìqv nq| h Kvbv AvRvwZK I gvbweK
.a
wePvi hyi Rb Gi Pq gvbweK I hwK Nvlbv nZ cvi bv| Avgiv ci `Le h, evBejxq wRnvì Gic
Kvbv bwZKZv iv Kiv nq wb; eis h Kvbvfve cZviYvi gvag hZ ewk me k nZvB mLvb g~j j ej
w
MY Kiv nqQ|
w
Gfve ivm~jyjvn I mvnvexMYi cvqvwMK mybvZ _K Avgiv wbwZic eySZ cvwi h, Kvwdi-gykwiKK
w
nZvi wb`ki A_ hyi gq`vb Kvwdi hvv nZv| ivm~jyjvn KLbvB wePvi gZz`cv ev hyiZ Kvwdi Qvov
AbìK nZv Kib wb| Zvi iv AMwYZ Kvwdi mKj bvMwiK AwaKvi wbq emevm KiQb| wZwb KLbvB Zvì
nZv Kib wb ev nZvi AbygwZ `b wb| Cgvbi `vwe`vi gybvwdKMYK wZwb wPbZb| ZvìKI nZvi AbygwZ wZwb
`b wb| Dci wZwb Ahvv mvaviY Agymwjg bvMwiKK nZv KwVbfve wbla KiQb| BZvc~e Avgiv `LwQ h,
ivm~jyjvn ( ) ejQb: hw` Kvbv ew gymwjg ivi ga emevmKvix Agymwjg bvMwiK ev Agymwjg `ki Agymwjg
bvMwiKK nZv Ki Ze m RvbvZi myMI jvf KiZ cvieb bv, hwÌ RvbvZi myM 40 ermii `yiZ _K jvf
Kiv hvq|
Avgiv c~eeZx nv`xm `LwQ h, ivm~jyjvn LvwiRxìK hLb hLvb cvIqv hvq nZv KiZ wb`k wb`k
w`qQb| G _K mvnvexMY KLbvB XvjvIfve LvwiRx gZvej^xì hLvb cvIqv hvq nZv Kivi AbygwZ eySb wb|
eis G _K Zuviv hyi gq`vb LvwiRx hvvìK nZvi wb`kbv eySQb| LvwiRxMY Ahvv mvnvex-ZvweqxMY ev
mvaviY gymwjgì nZv KijI mvnvexMY KLbvB hyi gq`vb Qvov Kvbvfve LvwiRxì wei AaviY Kib wb ev
ZvìK nZv Kib wb| mgvR Zviv LvwiRxì mv_GK kvwc~Yfve emevm KiQb|92
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 56

3. 6. 5. Bmjvgi BwZnvm wRnv` I mvm
Bmjvgi BwZnvm Avgiv AbK hy-weMn `LZ cvB, hwj hyi KziAvb I nv`xm DwjwLZ kZwj
cyivcywi c~iY Ki bv| Gwj gvbexq `yejZvi dj| Bmjvgi `wZ g~jZ Gwj Aea| Ze Kvbv B hyi
gq`vbi evBi nZv, wbwePvi nZv BZvw`Z Dchy KqKwU wev `j Qvov KD RwoZ nb wb|
cieZxKvji `ywU wRnv` Avgvì AvMn mw Ki: (1) Ebwesk kZKi c_gva (1818-1831L) fviZ ewUk
`Lj`viì wei mvBq` Avng` ejexi wRnv` I (2) AvdMvb wRnv`| mvBq` Avng` ejex wRnvì kZwj c~iY
KiwQjb| wZwb ewUk mvgvRi mxgvbvi evBi fviZi Bmjvgx iv cybtcwZvi NvlYvi gvag iv I ivcavbi kZ
c~iY KiwQjb| wZwb ewUkìK AvgYKvix I `Lj`vi evwnbx wnme MY Ki wRnvì eaZv cgvY Kib|
AvdMvb wRnvÌ i nqwQj cvq GKBfve| mvwfqU evwnbxi AvgY I Rei`Lji gyL AvdMvb RbMY
Avwjgì bZZ wRnv` i KiwQjb| mvaviYfve gymwjg wek G wRnv` ea wRnv` ejB gb Kiv nq| dj wewfb
`ki AbK gymwjg hyeK G wRnv` Ask MnY Kib| mvwfqU evwnbxi civRqi ci G wRnv` Avt`jxq I Av
tMvxq iqx Mnhy cwiYZ nq| `xNw`b hy Af AvdMvb RbMY Ai fvlvZB K_v ejjb ^`kxq I âgxq
weivaxì mv_| cZKB wbRi KvRK wRnv` Ges cwZcK Bmjvgi k ej `vwe Kijb| evBi _K AvdMvb
hy AskMnYKvix gyRvwn`MY ^fveZB Kvbv bv Kvbv AvdMvb c _K GKB Kg wj nq cob| AbK AvdMvb
ZvM Ki wbR wbR `k cZveZb Kib| Gme hy diZ mwbKì AbKi Rb Ai fvlv cwiZvM Kiv KKi
om
nq hvq| Gì AwaKvskB wRnvì kZi Pq wRnvì dhxjZi welqB ewk RvbZb I fveZb| Zviv wbR `kI
wRnv`x cwiwwZ Zwii Pv Kib|
.c
3. 6. 6. evBejxq wRnv` ebvg Bmjvgi wRnv`
Dci Avgiv Bmjvgx kixqZ wRnvì cwiPq, Zvi Dk I kZvewj mK RvbZ ciwQ| Avgiv Rvwb h,
st
Bmjvg weivax mKj cPviYvi g~j `vwe h, BmjvgB agi bvg hy ea KiQ| weklZ Lvb agiMY LagK
tru
fvjevmv I gvbeZvi ag I BmjvgK hy, mwnsmZv I mvmi ag ej wPwZ Kib| BDivc gynvv` ( )-K mvmx
ic wPwZ Ki KvUyb Qvcv nQ Ges KziAvb-K mvmx M ej `vwe Ki Zv wbwl KiZ `vwe Rvbvbv nQ|
ah
Kv_wjK Lvb RMZi eZgvb agi cvc 16k ewbwW (Benedict XVI) 2006 mvji 12 mî Rvgvwbi
wiMbmevM wekwe`vjq GK AvjvPbvq evBRvbUvBb mgvU gvbyqj-2 Gi Bmjvgi cwZ Pig welg~jK wbgv ee
nn
DZ Ki ejb: "Show me just what Mhuammad brought that was new and there you will find
things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he
u
preached." Zzwg AvgvK `LvI Zv, gynvv` ( ) bZzb wK GbQb? Zievixi gvag Zvi ag cPvi Kivi wb`ki
ss
gZ AgvbweK I Af welq Qvov Avi wKQzB Zzwg cve bv|

gvbeZvi Rb gynvv` ( ) mwZB Kx bZzb wkv wbq GmwQjb m welq evBej I Abvb agMi mv_
.a
gynvv` ( )-Gi wkvi Zzjbvg~jK chvjvPbv Ki Kx bZzb wbq Gjb gynvv` ( ) bvg GKwU M iPbvi GKv
BQv iqQ| gnvb Avjvni KvQ ZvIdxK cv_bv KiwQ| GLvb wRnv` cwifvlvi Aceenvi welq AvjvPbvi c~e
w
Avgiv wRnvì welq evBeji wb`kvewj chvjvPbv KiZ PvB, hb Avgiv AZ wRnv` welq gynvv` ( ) bZzb Kx
w
wbq GmwQjb Zv Avgiv RvbZ cvwi|

w
GLvb DjL h, Bn~`x-LvbMYi ga cPwjZ evBeji fvmbwji ga evcK ecixZ I Awgj iqQ|
Bn~`x evBeji mv_ Lvb evBeji Awgj iqQ| Zgwb Kv_wjK LvbMYi evBeji mv_ cUvU LvbMYi
evBeji Awgj iqQ| mevevq Avgiv gymwjgMY wekvm Kwi h, cPwjZ evBej KLbvB Avjvni wKZve bq| Gi ga
ZvIivZ, hve~i, Bwj BZvw` Avmgvbx Mi wKQz Ask _vKjI Zv cyivwnZì mshvRb, weqvRb I weKwZi mv_
mswgwkZ nq iqQ| h mKj AgvbweK I Af welq iqQ Zv meB Gic weKZ Z_|93 Ze Bn~`x I LvbMY
cPwjZ G evBejKB Zvì agM I Avmgvbx M wnme wekvm Kib|
Bn`xMY ay cyivZb wbqgKB agM ej wekvm Kib| Avi LvbMY wekvm Kib h, cPwjZ evBeji cyivZb
wbqg I bZzb wbqgi cwZwU k, evK I K_vB Avjvni evYx|94 Dci Zuviv wekvm Kib h, Ckii evYx ev weavb KLbv
iwnZ nZ cvi bv| KvRB evBeji cyivZb I bZzb wbqgi cwZwU evYx I weavb wKqvgZ ch mKj gvbyli Rb
cvjbxq AjNbxq wb`k|95
evBej _K Rvbv hvq h, wRnv` ev hyi RbB hxL AvMgb KiwQjb| wZwb ejb: Think not that I
am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword gb KwiI bv h, Avwg
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 57
cw_exZ kvw w`Z AvwmqvwQ; kvw w`Z Avwm bvB, wKy Lo&M w`Z AvwmqvwQ|96
Dci hxL Zvi ivRZi weivaxìK Zuvi mvgb RevB KiZ wb`k w`q ejb: "But those mine
enemies, which would not that I should reign over them, bring hither, and slay them before
me", ciy Avgvi GB h kMY BQv Ki bvB h, Avwg Zvnvì Dci ivRZ Kwi, Zvnvw`MK GB vb Avb, Avi
Avgvi mvvZ ea Ki|97
evBej myZB ejv nqQ h, bKKvi mvay-mì g~j KvR njv Avjvni cksmv Kiv Ges me`v `y -avwi
Zievix mv_ wbq Kvwdi-weagxì KZj Kiv I kvw Ìqv| Avi Gfve Kvwdi-weagxì nZv, e`x I wePvi KivB
mvayì g~j Kg I ghv `v:
"Let the saints be joyful in glory... Let the high praises of God be in their mouth, and a
twoedged sword in their hand; To execute vengeance upon the heathen, and punishments
upon the people; To bind their kings with chains, and their nobles with fetters of iron; To
execute upon them the judgment written: this honour have all his saints. mvayMY Mie DvwmZ
nDK| ... Zvnvì K Ckii DP cksmv, Zvnvì n w-avi Lo&M _vKzK; hb Zviv weagx-Kvwdiì98 cwZdj `q,
jvKe`K kvw `q; hb Zvnvì ivRvMYK, Zvnvì gvbMY jvKw`MK jn-wbMo e Ki; hb Zvnvì wei
wjwLZ wePvi wbb Ki; BnvB mg mvayi ghv`v|99
om
evBeji wewfb wb`kbv _K bvix, wk I wbi gvbylìK nZvi XvjvI Abygv`b eySv hvq| hgb ejv nqQ:
"Kill every male among the little ones, and kill every woman that hath known man by lying
with him. But all the women children, that have not known a man by lying with him, keep
.c
alive for yourselves." AZGe Zvgiv evjK-evwjKvì ga mg evjKK ea Ki, Ges kqb cyili cwiPqcv
st
mg xjvKKI ea Ki; wKby h evwjKviv kqb cyili cwiPq cvq bvB, Zvnvw`MK Avcbvì Rb RxweZ ivL|100
Ab ejv nqQ: "And when the LORD the God hath delivered it tnto thine hands, thou
tru
shalt smite every male thereof with the edge of the swore; but the women, and the little ones,
and the cattle, and all that is in the city, even all the spoil thereof, shalt thou take unto thyself;
ah
and thou shalt eat the spoil of thine enemies, which the LORD thy God hath given thee. Thus
shalt thou do unto all the cities which are very far from thee, which are not of the cities of
nn
these nations. But of the cities of these which the LORD thy God doth give thee for an
inheritance, thou shalt save alive nothing that breatheth; but thou shalt utterly destroy them."
u
ci Zvgvi Cki m`vcfy Zvnv Zvgvi nMZ Kwij Zzwg Zvnvi mg cyilK Lo&Mavi AvNvZ Kwie, wKby
ss
xjvK, evjK-evwjKv I cMY cfwZ bMii me^ mg jyUè Avcbvi Rb jyU-mic MnY Kwie, Avi Zvgvi Cki
.a
m`vcfyi ` kì jyU fvM Kwie| GB wbKUeZx RvwZì bMi ewZiK h mKj bMi Zvgv nBZ AwZ `~i AvQ,
ZvnvìB cwZ GBic Kwie| wKby GB RvwZì h mKj bMi Zvgvi Cki m`vcfy AwaKviv_ ZvgvK wèb, mB
w
mKji ga kvmwewk KvnvKI RxweZ ivwLe bv|101

w
Gic AbK wb`k iqQ hv evnZ AgvbweK I MYnZvi wb`k ej gb ne| hyi mvebv Avgiv A^xKvi
KiZ cvwi bv| iv _vKjB hyi mvebv ^xKvi KiZ ne Ges hyi Rb wbqg, AvBb I weavb ivLZ ne| ivxq
w
mvefgZ, iv ev bvMwiKì wbivcv iv KiZ AbK mgq ivK hy wj nZ nq| wK mKj kvwKvgx gvbylB
Pv Kib hyK h_vme Kg asmvZK KiZ Ges Ahv gvbylìK nZv bv KiZ| Ahvv gvbylìK nZv Kiv
eZgvb hy Aciva ej MY| A_P evBej GicB wb`k Ìqv nqQ| ay Ahvv gvbylB bq, Dci Mi, QvMj,
DU, fov BZvw` Aejv cvYxI wbwePvi nZv Ki wbw KiZ wb`k w`qQ evBej|
weagx ev Ab èZvi DcvmKì nZv Kivi XvjvI wb`k w`q evBej ejv nqQ: "He that sacrificeth
unto any god, save unto the LORD only, he shall be utterly destroyed" h ew Kej m`vcf y
ewZiK Kvb èZvi KvQ ewj`vb Ki, m mc~Yic web nBe| 102
Ckii wb`ki mvgvb weivwaZv KijB gZz`: "Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 58

Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put to death". Zzwg gvqvwebxK RxweZ ivwLI bv| ci
mwnZ kviKvix ewi cvY` Aek nBe|103
weagxì agvjq fvvi wb`k w`q ejv nqQ: "Thou shalt not bow down to their gods, nor
serve them, nor do after their works: but thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and quite break
down their images." "But ye shall destroy their altars, break their images, and cut down their
groves".
Zzwg Zvnvì èMYi KvQ cwYcvZ KwiI bv, Ges Zvnvì mev KwiI bv I Zvnvì wqvi bvq wqv KwiI
bv; wKby Zvnvw`MK mg~j DrcvUb KwiI, Ges Zvnvì mKj fvwqv dwjI|104 wKby Zvgiv Zvnvì ew` mKj
fvwqv dwje, Zvnvì mKj L L Kwie, I Z_vKvi Avkiv-g~wZ mKj KvwUqv dwje|105
evBej _K Rvbv hvq h, wbwePvi MYnZvi Dchy wb`kvewj myìfve cvjb KiQb evBejxq fveev`xMY|
Avgiv gymwjgMY KLbvB wekvm Kwi bv h, Kvbv fveev`x (bex) Gic MYnZv KiZ cvib| Ze evBej Zvì welq
GicB wjLQ Ges Bn~`x-LvbMY GicB wekvm Kib| eZ, j-j gvbe mvbK wbwePvii nZvi AMwYZ Kvwnbxi
mg^q evBej| cwe fveev`xMY, gnvhvRKMY ev wePviKZMb wKfve hy, QjPvZzwi ev cebvi gvag wbwePvi
MYnZv PvwjqQb Zvi AMwYZ weeiY evBej iqQ|
Ahvv I hye`x bvix, cyil I wkì wbwePvi I MYnvi nZvi welq Zuvì AvMn weklfve jYxq| GQvov
om
wbixn hye`xì KZ ewk K w`q nZv Kiv hvq m welqI Zvì AvMn jYxq| jvnvi gBqi wbP iL, jvnvi
Kzovwji wbP iL Ges BUi cvuRvi ga XywKq ev Abyicfve eYbvZxZ hYv w`q wbi gvbylìK nZvi Kvwnbx
evBej cPyi| Gic Kgi Rb fveevw`MYK evBej weklfve cksmv Kiv nqQ|
.c
hw` KD K Ki evBej whnvk~qi cyK (Joshua), wePviKM Yi weeiY (Judges), kgyqji cyK
st
(Samuel), ivRvewj (The Kings), eskvewj (The Chronicles) BZvw` M cvV Kib Ze eei MYnZv,
KbvZxZ wbcxob, Dbv` asmhi jvgnlK NUbvewj `Leb| Gwj cvV Kij GKRb mvaviY cvVK Abyfe Kieb
tru
h, evBeji wb`k Abymvmi hy ivxq wbivcvi Rb bq, GgbwK Abi `k `Lji RbI hy bq, hy g~jZ nZv I
asmi gvag Avb`jvfi Rb| evBeji bZzb wbqgI G mKj Kgi Rb fveev`xMYK weklfve cksmv Kiv
ah
nqQ|106
Avgiv ejwQ h, iv _vKjB hyi eev _vKZ ne| Ze hyK h_vme Kg asmvZK KiZ ne Ges mKj
nn
Ahvv gvbyl, è I eK hyi AvIZv _K gy ivLZ ne| Bmjvg G KvRwUB mevgfve Kiv nqQ|
ZvwZKfve hgb, Zgwb cvqvwMKfve| ivm~jyjvn ( ) mevZK Pv KiQb h_vme Kg cvYnvwb NUvZ| ay mZ I
u
bvqi cwZv I AvMvmb cwZivai Rb eva nq ZuvK hy KiZ nqQ Ges Zvi mvivRxebi mKj hy gymwjg I
ss
Kvwdi wgj megvU cvq GK nvRvi gvbyl wbnZ nqQ| h `k cwZ gvmB kZkZ gvbyl gvivgvwi Ki Lyb nZv, m
.a
`k gv mnm gvbyli Rxebi wewbgq mKj AvMvmb iva Ki wZwb wekevcx wPivqx kvwi eev cwZv Kib|
cvi evBeji GKK hyB nvRvi nvRvi Kvwdi nZvi Miegq weeiY jLv nqQ| gnvfviZ, MxZv ev ivgvqYi
w
hyiI KvQvKvwQ Aev|

w
mePq ewk jYxq h, evBej hy, nZv I cwZkvai Kvbvic bxwZ bwZKvi cwZ j ivLv nq wb|
Bmjvg hyi Rb MvcbxqZv I kcK evKv evbvbvi Rb Kkj Aej^b ea KiQ| wK Pzw f Kiv, cebv
w
Kiv, wbiK Avgb Kiv, Ahvv jeZ AvNvZ Kiv, AvnZì nZv Kiv, gZ`n Acgvb Kiv BZvw` KVvifve
wbla Kiv nqQ| cvi Gic mKj KgB evBejxq wRnvì ga Avgiv `LZ cvB|
weagx I weRvZxqì mv_ Bn~`xì hy, Bn~`xì mv_ Bn~`xì hy, Bmvqj ivRi Bn~`xì mv_ RyWvB
ivRi Bn~`xì hy, GKB Mvi ga hy BZvw` mKj B Avgiv Pzw f, wg_vPvi, AhvvìK nZv,
gZ`ni Aegvbbv BZvw` AMwYZ welq `LZ cvB| evBej G mKj welq AZ Miei mv_ cksmbxq Kg
wnmeB DjL Kiv nqQ|
meZ GRbB Bmvqji mveK cavbgx AvBRvK kvwgi 1948 mvj Zvi cwiPvwjZ mvmx evwnbx w` vb Mvs
KZK RiRvjg RvwZmsN gaZvKvix KvDU evYvWvUK Mvcb nZvi c mvdvB Mq ejb: Bn~`x bwZKZv I Bn~`x
HwZn KvbwUB mvmK iYbxwZi cwicx gb Ki bv| RvZxq msMvg wbq eZvi g~n~Z Avgiv bwZK wavMZv e `~i
Quyo dj ivwL| mevM, Avgvì Rb mvm nj ivRbZwK hyi Ask hv eZgvb cwiwwZZ LyeB h_v_|107
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 59

GLvb jYxq h,& Bn~`x bwZKZvi Avi Lvb bwZKZv GKB nIqvi K_v; KviY Zvì bwZKvi wfw agM
GK|
Lvb cv`wi-cPviKMY AbK mgq gymwjgìK ejb h, hy, MYnZv I weagx nZvi Dchy wb`kvewj
evBeji cyivZb wbqgi K_v ev ZvIivZi K_v, Bwji K_v bq| Avgiv AvMB ejwQ h, LvbMY wekvm Kib h,
cyivZb I bZzb wbqgi cwZwU kB Avjvni evYx Ges wKqvgZ ch mKj gvbyli Rb cvjbxq| Zuviv Aviv wekvm Kib
h, Avjvni Kvbv wb`k ev evYx KLbv bmL ev iwnZ nZ cvi bv|
mevcwi ^qs hx L wb`k w`qQb h cyivZb wbqgi mKj wb`k wPib, AcweZbxq I AjNbxq HkwiK
wb`k hv wKqvgZ ch mKj Lvbi Rb cvjbxq Ges Gwj cvjb bv Kij KD ciKvj gyw jvf KiZ cvie bv|
wZwb ejb: "For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no
wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least
commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven:
but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the kingdom of
heaven". Avwg Zvgvw`MK mZ KwnZwQ, h chb AvKvk I cw_ex jy bv nBe, mB chb eevi (ZvIivZ ev
cyivZb wbqgi wewaweavb) GK gvv wK GK we`yI jy nBe bv, mgB mdj nBe| AZGe h Kn GB mKj z`Z g
Avvi ga Kvb GKwU Avv jNb Ki, I jvKw`MK mBic wkv `q, ZvnvK mMivR AwZ z` ejv hvBe; wKby
h Kn mB mKj cvjb Ki I wkv `q, ZvnvK mM-ivR gnvb ejv hvBe|108
om
GQvov Avgiv BZvc~e `LwQ h, evBeji bZzb wbqgI hx Zuvi ivRZi cwZ Abxnv cvlYKvixì Zvi mvgb
nZv KiZ wb`k w`qQb Ges ejQb h, Zievix ev hyi RbB Zuvi AvMgb|
.c
evBej Ab ag ev eYi gvbylìK k~Ki, KzKzi BZvw` ej Mvwj Ìqv nqQ| A-BmvqjxqìK KzKzi I
st
k~Ki AvLvwqZ Ki ZvìK Lvb agi `xv w`Z wblavv Rvwi Ki hx ejb: "Give not that which is
holy unto the dogs, neither cast ye your pearls before swine...", cwe e KzKziw`MK wÌ bv, Ges
tru
Zvgvì gyv k~Kiì myL dwjI bv109
A-BmvqjxqìK KzKzi AvLvwqZ Ki Zvì Rb `yAv KiZ ev ZvìK Svo-dzuK w`ZI Avcw Kib hx
ah
L| gw_ Zuvi mymgvPvi wjLQb: "And, behold, a woman of Canaan came out of the same coasts,
and cried unto him, saying, Have mercy on me, O Lord, thou Son of David; my daughter is
nn
grievously vexed with a devil. But he answered her not a word. And his disciples came and
besought him, saying, Send her away; for she crieth after us. But he answered and said, I am
u
not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel. Then came she and worshipped him,
ss
saying, Lord, help me. But he answered and said, It is not meet to take the children's bread,
and to cast it to dogs."
.a
Avi `L, H Aji GK Rb Kbvbxq xjvK Avwmqv GB ewjqv PuPvBZ jvwMj, n cfy, `vq~`-mbvb, Avgvi cwZ `qv
w
Kib, Avgvi KbvwU fZM nBqv AZb Kk cvBZQ| wKby wZwb ZvnvK wKQzB Di w`jb bv| ZLb Zuvnvi wkliv wbKU
w
Avwmqv ZuvnvK wbe`b Kwijb, BnvK we`vq Kib, Kbbv G Avgvì wcQb wcQb PuPvBZQ| wZwb Di Kwiqv Kwnjb,
Bmvqj-Kzji nvivb gl Qvov Avi KvnviI wbKU Avwg cwiZ nB bvB| wKby xjvKwU Avwmqv ZuvnvK cYvg Kwiqv ewjj, cfy,
w
Avgvi DcKvi Kib| wZwb Di Kwiqv Kwnjb, mbvbì Lv` jBqv KzKziì KvQ dwjqv Ìqv fvj bq|110
c_g `wZB h Kvbv cvVKi KvQ K_vwj LyeB AvcwKi gb ne| Rb, esk ev agi KviY gvbylK KzKz i
ej AwfwnZ Kiv! aygv esk ev agi KviY ZvK gvbweK mvnvh KiZ A^xKvi Kiv!! GKRb Lag weivax cvVK
`vwe KiZ cvib h, G ee viv RvwZMZ elg I RvwZMZ wel wPivqx Kiv nqQ| wZwb `vwe KiZ cvib h,
evBeji Dchy mKj MYnZv I asmhi g~j `kb hxi G K_vi ga cKvwkZ nqQ|
KD G `vexI KiZ cvib h, eZgvb hyM wdwjwb, BivK I Abvb `k MYnZv I asmhi welq cvc
Kvbv cwZev` bv Ki Bmjvgi bexi mgvjvPbv KiQb Gi KviYI G KzKzi `kb| h `kbi g~j njv, Bn~`x-
LvbMY Ckii mvb| Ab mKj gvbyl KzKzii gZB gvbeZi cvYx| KzKziK hgb cPv ev Qov iwUi UzKiv Qzo
Ìqv hvq, Zgwb GìK gvS gvS wKQz mvnvh Kiv hZ cvi| wK Ckii mvbì ^v_i wZ Ki Zvì
Kvbv DcKvi Kiv hve bv| hw` Ckii mvbì ^v_i wZ nq Ze jKvwU mvigq mvbK wbwePvi nZv KiZ
Kvbv Amyweav bB| GQvov Ckii mvbMY hw` wKQzUv Avb` I Zw jvfi Rb `yPvi nvRvi ev `yPvi j mvigq m
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 60

vbK nZv Ki djb ZvZI Amyweav Kx?
evBej Abagi Abymvixì Vvvgv_vq nZvi wb`kbv, GgbwK cZviYvg~jKfve WK Gb nZv Kivi wb`kbv
iqQ| GKwU NUbv `Lyb| Bn~`xì cvPxb iv Bmivqji wKQz bvMwiK evj èZvi Dcvmbv KiZ| Ckii
wcqcv Bmvqji mgvU hn~ (Jehu, the son of Jehoshaphat) Ckii mwVK ag cwZvi Rb evj èZvi
DcvmKì Vvv gv_vq MYnZv Kivi wmv bb| wZwb NvlYv `b h, mgvU hn~ evj èZvi mev Kieb| G Rb
wZwb evj èZvi DcvmKì GK gnv- mgveki AvqvRb Kib| mLvb wZwb èZvi Dk fU I DrmMi eev
Kib| wK Mvcb DrmeK` I gwìi Pvwicvk mbvevwnbx wbqvM Ki DrmeiZ mKj weagx-K Zievixi AvNvZ
nZv KiZ wb`k `b| GgbwK wZwb Zuvi mbì ejb, hw` GKRb weagxI Rxeb wbq cvjvq Ze Zvi wewbgq
GKRb mb nZv Kiv ne| Gfve nvRvi nvRvi wbixn wbi bvix-cyilK Kejgv agxq weivwaZvi KviY Kvbvic
myhvM bv w`q Vvv gv_vq nZv Kib|111
Ab NUbvq evBejxq bex GwjRvn (Prophet Elijah) evj èZvi 450 Rb DcvmKK ai Vvv gv_vq RevB
Kib|112
G mKj NUbv _K Lvb cvc, cvìx I wekcMY wmv wbqQb h, Lvb `k emevm iZ mKj ALvb
bvMwiK Ges wfbgZvej^x LvbìK nZv I wbg~j Kiv Zvì agxq `vwqZ I AwaKvi| cwm Avie cUvU cv`wi
AvBRvK ev`viKvb 1849 Lv cKvwkZ Zvi jLv cywKv qv`k M wjLQb: ivg _K Aviex fvlvq cKvwkZ
om
evBej BbWi nv Aii ga nviZvKv (heresy) welq jLv nqQ: agxq wfbgZvej^x ev weÀvZx wdiKvi
(heretics) welq Avgvì `vwqZ njv Zvì wbg~j I wbw Kiv; KviY mgvU hn~ cZviYvi gvag evj èZvi
.c
Abymvixì RgvqZ Ki nZv KiQbv Ges bex GwjRvn evj èZvi Abymvixì RevB KiQb| G_K cgvwYZ nq
h, weagxì Gfve nZv I wbg~j Kiv Avgvì agxq `vwqZ| st
LvbMY wekvm Kib h, Ckii cwe AvZvi ciYvq cvc wbvc, wbfyj I Av (infallible)| Zuvi
tru
wmvB Ckii wmv| Avi Gic Av cvcMYi bZZ Lag I Lxq PvP weagx wbg~ji G gnvb `vwqZ
mevgfveB cvjb KiQb| 325 Lv evBRvUvBb mgvU KvUbvBb (Constantine) LagK ivxq ghv`v c`vb
ah
Kib| mw`b _K cvq ò nvRvi ermi ch Lagi BwZnvm agxq mwnsmZv, nZv, AZvPvi I Rvic~eK agvii
BwZnvm| k~b mnbkxjZv (Zero tolerance) c`kb Ki KVvi eeiZvi mv_ Lvb PvP mKj weagx I
nn
wfbgZvej^xK wbg~j KiQ|

Avi GRbB bvej weRqx cwm `vkwbK evUv ivmj (Bertrand Russell: 1872-1970) ejb: "You
u
find as you look around the world that every single bit of progress in human feeling, every
ss
improvement in the criminal law, every step towards the diminution of war, every step
towards better treatment of coloured races, or every mitigation of slavery, every moral
.a
progress that there has been in the world, has been consistently opposed by the organized
w
Churches of the world. I say quite deliberately that the Christian religion, as organized in the
churches, has been and still is the principal enemy of moral progress in the world."
w
weki Pvwiw`K ZvKvj Avcwb `Leb h, weki hLvbB gvbexq Abyfei h Kvbv z`Zg AMMwZ, Aciva-
w
AvBbi h Kvbv Dbqb, hy nvm h Kvbv c`c, Kvj ev A-mv`v eYi gvbylì mv_ DbZZi AvPiYi h
Kvbv c`c, `vmc_v wejywi h Kvbv cPv Ges bwZK Dbqb h Kvbv AMMwZ mvwaZ nqQ ZviB weivwaZv
KiQ Lxq PvP wbiwewQbfve| Avwg cwic~Y mZKZv I mywPwZfve ejwQ h, PvP cwiPvwjZ LagB weki bwZK
Dbqbi cavb k wQj Ges GLbv AvQ| 113
Vlasis Rassias bvgK GKRb MelK (Demolish Them ) bvg GKwU cyK cKvk KiQb MxK fvlvq
2000 Lv (ISBN 960-7748-20-4)| G cyK Lagi mwnsmZvi AbK wP Zzj aiv nqQ| G mKj
mwnsmZvi ZvwjKvq iqQ:
Emperor Constantine began a centuries-long run of torture, destruction and
extermination of all things not Christian like eradicating ancient Greek temples and stealing
their treasures. Subsequent Roman Emperors in Constantinople executed everyone that did
not accept the new Christian faith. Then libraries were burned and all contrary teachings
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 61
outlawed....
For another thousand years, the primary occupation of state-sanctioned Christians was
to exterminate those who would not accept the documents constructed into a Bible at the
Council of Nicea. In 1493, Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella issued an edict
demanding death for all those who would not accept 'the true faith'. Christopher Columbus
and others began slaughtering natives of the Western Hemisphere by the millions, not because
the would not accept the faith, but because they could not understand the question, because
they could not speak Spanish!"
Lvb wekvmi cwicx mKj wKQzi wei mgvU KbvUvBb GK wbcxob, asmh I wbg~j Awfhvbi i
Kib hv kZvxi ci kZvx vqx nq| hgb cvPxb MxK gwìwj asm Kiv nq Ges mwji fvvi jyb Kiv nq| bZzb
Lxq agwekvm MnY KiZ ivwR bq Ggb mKjK wbg~j Kib KUvwUbvcji cieZx ivgvb kvmKMY| Gici
jvBeixwj cywoq djv nq Ges Lxq wekvmi wecixZ mKj wKQz wbwl Kiv nq| ...wbKxqv KvDwj h evBej Zwi
Kiv nq m evBej hviv gvb bv ZvìK wbg~j KivB wQj cieZx nvRvi ermi hver iv cwiPvwjZ LvbMYi g~j Kg|
1493 Lv bi mgvU dvwWbv I ivYx Bmvejv GK Av`k Rvwi Kib h, hviv mwVK ag wekvm (Lag) MnY
Kie bv ZvìK nZv KiZ ne| (G Avvi wfwZ) wvdvi Kj^vm I Abvbiv AvgwiKvq hq mLvbKvi
om
wgwjqb wgwjqb evwm`vK (iW Bwqvb) nZv Kib| Lag MnY KiZ A^xKvi Kivi KviY Zviv ZvìK nZv Kib
wb| eis vwbk fvlv bv Rvbvq Zviv Lagi wekvm eySZ cviwQj bv| G Aciva Zviv ZvìK nZv Kib|114
ay gymwjg, Bn~`x ev ALvbì weiB bq, wfbgZvej^x Lvbì weiI mW PvwjqQb Lvb ag i
.c
cvcMY Ges GKK hy jvwaK gvbyl nZv KiQb| Avcbviv h Kvbv GbmvBKvcxwWqvZ zmW (Crusade),
st
GvjweRbwmqvb zmW (the Albigensian Crusade), mU ev_jwgDm wèmi MYnZv (Massacre of Saint
Bartholomew's Day), BbKzBwRkb (Inquisition), agi hy (The Wars of Religion ), Bn~`x weivwaZv
tru
(Anti-Semitism) BZvw` AvwUKj cojB AbK Z_ RvbZ cvieb| hwÌ AvaywbK MwjZ welqwjK LyeB
nvjKv Kiv nq, wbnZì msLv Kg Kiv nq Ges ag I PvP-K euvwPq Abì Dci `vq Pvcvbvi Pv Kiv nq|
ah
ZviciI hUzK mZ `Leb ZvZB Mvqi jvg wkDi DVe! GKK hy ev nZvKv 10/20 nvRvi _K jvwaK
gvbylK nZv Kiv nqQ| KLbv hy Ki Ges KLbv hy QvovB AZwKZ nvgjv Pvwjq|
nn
G njv Bn~`x-Lvbì GKKwU aghyi ev agxq nZvKvi Aev| G mKj eeiZv KLbv Lvb mgvU-
kvmKMYi bZZ NUQ Ges cvcMY Zv mg_b KiQb| KLbv ^qs cvci bZZ Gic eei wbabh i nqQ|
u
G welq wevwiZ Rvbvi Rb Avwg cvVKK Avgvi jLv (Jihad of the Holy Bible and Jihad of Muhammad
ss
) MwU cvV KiZ Abyiva KiwQ|

AvaywbK hyMi agwbic (!) I D`vi (!) Lvb eywRxwe I ivRbwZK bZvì K_evZvi gaI Avgiv Dcii
.a
gvbwmKZvi Qvqv `LZ cvB| AvgwiKvi UzBb UvIqvi asmi Rb Avj-Kvq`vK `vqx Kiv njI GLb ch gvwKb
w
ckvmb wbRi `ki Av`vjZI Zv cgvY KiZ cvib wb| Zv mI Avj-Kvq`vi Acivai Rb mKj gymwjg `k
w
`Lj Ki bZvì nZv I gymjgvbì Rvic~eK Lvb evbvbvi `vwe`vIqv RvbvQb Zvì AbKB| G welq cwm
gvwKb mvsevw`K, ivRbxwZwe` I mgvRmex Kjvwg Avb Kvvi (Ann Coulter)-Gi ee Avgiv BZvc~e DZ
w
KiwQ|
`v mfBR bvkbm bvgK iwWI kvZ (12 g 2003) cPvwiZ gvBKj mfBRi gZvgZ cwgv `k wekl
Ki AvgwiKvq cwZw`b cybivew Kiv nq| wZwb Zvi kvZ ejb: Avgvi gb nq GB jvKjvK (Avie I
gymjgvbìK) Rvi Ki Lvb ag `xwZ Kiv DwPZ| aygv GfveB meZ ZvìK gvbyl cwiYZ Kiv hve|115
Gfve Aviv AbK cwm cvvZ D`vi, cigZmwny I agwbic (?!) ivRbxwZwe`, agcPviK I MelK
gymjgvbìK Rvic~eK Lag `xwZ Kivi D`v Avnvb RvbvQb!
AviK gvwKb wmbUi `vwe Kijb h, AvgwiKvq h Kvbv mvmx nvgjv nj eySZ ne h, Zv gymwjgMY KiQ
Ges Kvbv cgvY Qvovq m m cwZkva wnme gymwjgì cwe vb gv I g`xbv asm Ki w`Z ne| Avi
Gaibi eywRxwe I ivRbxwZwe`MY gv^q cvvZi wewfb `k bxwZ wbaviYi `vwqZ jvf KiQb|
A_P gymwjg gvbm GgbfveB Zwi h, m KLbvB Ab gvbyli agxq Abyf~wZZ AvNvZ Kivi ev KvDK Rvi
c~eK agvwiZ Kivi K_v wPvI KiZ cvi bv| Avgiv `LwQ h, mePq mwnsm gymwjg mvmxI Abi agK Aegvbbv
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 62

Kivi Pv KiQ bv ev Ab agi gvbylK Rei`wKi gymwjg evbvbvi Avnvb KiQ bv| mymf, gvbeZvev`x I hywev`x
agwbic LvbMY gymwjgì cwe KziAvbK Acwe KiQ| gvbeZvev`x I fvjevmvi cPviK (?!) Lvb cv`wiMY
KziAvbK UqjU wbc Kivi `vwe m^wjZ djK PvPi mvgb Uvwbq ivLQb| 116 Zviv gymwjgì cwe bexK ( )
wbq NY KvUyb Zwi KiQ|
mviv weki gymwjgMY G NY eeiZvi cwZev` KiQb| Zuviv gvwKb ev Wwbk cZvKvq A_ev G me `ki
ivRbxwZwe`ì KzkcywjKvq AwMmshvM KiQb| wK KLbvB Kvbv gymwjg Lvbì agMi Aegvbbv Kib wb|
evRvi _K GKwU evBej wKb ZvZ ckve Kib wb ev ZvZ AwM mshvM Kib wb ev hx Li AegvbbvKi KvUyb
cPvi Kib wb| cvvZi mymf agwbic gvbylì `wZ GKevi AwkwZ, Amf I DM Kvbv gvjvI KLbv
Lvbì agMK Acwe KiZ ev hx bvg KvUzb Zwi KiZ Avnvb Kib wb|
cvvZi `wZ mvmx I DM gjev`xì GKRbKI Avgiv `LwQ bv h, m LvbìK Rvic~eK gymwjg
evbvbvi Rb Avnvb RvbvQ| Zviv nqZ wg. eykK nZvi Avnvb KiQ| wK Zv Zvi Lvb nIqvi KviY bq,
AvgwiKvb nIqvi KviY bq ev MYZ I gvbevwaKvii meK nIqvi KviY bq, eis ZvK AvMvmK, Rvwjg I nZvKvix
ej gb Kivi KviY| GKB KviY Zviv nqZ AvgwiKv ev BmvBji asmi Rb Avnvb KiQ| wK KLbvB Zviv
Kvbv Bn~`x ev LvbK Rvic~eK gymwjg evbvbvi Rb Avnvb KiQ bv|
om
3. 7. wRnv` welqK wevw
LvwiRx, evwZbx I Abvbì fyjvwi GKwU gwjK welq wRnv`| wRnv` welqK fyjvwwji KqKwU w`K
iqQ:
.c
3. 7. 1. wRnv` ki AwZ-eenvi st
Avgiv BZvc~e `LwQ h, wRnv` ki AvwfavwbK A_ cPv ev msMvg| Avi Bmjvgx kixqZi cvwifvlvq wRnv`
tru
A_ wKZvj ev iv I Bmjvgx `vIqvZi wbivcvi ivi Rb ivxq hy| Avjvni wb`k I Kzg-AvnKvg cvjbi mKj
cPvKB kvwK A_ wRnv` ejv hvq, wK AvwfavwbK A_i AwZeenvi cvwifvwlK A_i weKwZi myhvM Ki `q| hgb
mvjvZ-Gi AvwfavwbK A_ cv_bv| h Kvbv cv_bvKB mvjvZ ejv hvq Ges KzivAvb-nv`xm KLbv KLbv Zv ejv nqQ|
ah
wK Bmjvgi cwifvlvq mvjvZ GKwU wbw` Bev`vZi bvg| mKj cv_bvKB mvjvZ ej bvgKiY Kij Zv wgywL wevwi
Rb w`Z cvi| c_gZ KD nqZ h Kvbvfve cv_bv KiB mvjvZ Kvqg nq wMqQ ej `vwe Kieb| wZxqZ, KD
nn
mvjvZi dhxjZ ev AvnKvgi AvqvZ I nv`xmwj mKj cv_bvi B cqvM Kieb|

KD hw` wbRi Rxeb `xb cvjb, AvZwi Pv, Bjg wkv, nvjvj DcvRb, Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ, AZvPvixi
u
mvgb mZ-fvlY, n cvjb ev `ybxwZ I Abvqi wei h Kvbv cPvK wRnv` ejb Ze Zv `~lYxq bq, eis Zv
ss
KziAvb I nv`xm viv cgvwYZ| Ze GwjK cvwifvwlK wRnv` gb Kiv nj Zv egywL wevw mw KiZ cvi| KviY
.a
m wRnvì dhxjZ I AvnKvgmg~n G mKj Bev`Z cvjbi cqvMi ceYZv `Lv è|
Kvbv Kvbv Avayw bK MelK I wPvwe` Bmjvgx ivRbxwZ ev ivRbwZK I mvgvwRK cwieZbi cPvK iZ
w
eySvZ wRnv` ej AwfwnZ KiQb| RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb Gic eenviK Zvì wevwi mg_b eenvi KiQ|
w
Bmjvgx ivRbxwZ ev Bmjvgx Av`vjb-Gi gvag `xb cwZv bvg gywgb h Bev`ZwU cvjb Kib m Bev`ZwUi
w
cvwifvwlK bvg njv Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ ev bvqi Av`k I Abvqi wbla| G KgK wRnv` ejvq Amyweav
bB| Ze G KgB KziAvb-nv`xm wb`wkZ cvwifvwlK wRnv` ev ej gb Kivi ga iqQ mg~n wec`|
Avgiv ejwQ h, Bmjvgi cwifvlvq wRnv` A_B wKZvj ev hy| mvnvex-ZvweqxMY I BgvgMYi eenvi
Ges wdKn, Zvdmxi ev Bmjvgx vbi h Kvbv cvPxb M wRnv` dx mvexwjjvn ki cvwifvwlK A_ Zvjvk KijB
cvVK Zv RvbZ cvieb| eZgvb AbK AvaywbK MelK Bmjvgx ivRbxwZ ev Bmjvgx Av`vjb-K wRnv` bvg
AvLvwqZ Kib Ges GKB Bmjvgx kixqZi cvwifvwlK wRnv` ej MY Kib| AbK cvwifvwlKfve wRnv` I
wKZvj-Gi ga cv_K Kib| wKZvjK hy Ges wRnv`K Av`vjb ej gb Kib| Gic gZvgZ MelYv ev evLv
wnme KD ck KiZ cvib| wK Bmjvgx kixqZi cvwifvlv ej MY Kivi KviY Ges ivRbxwZ, `vIqvZ, Av`vjb
BZvw`K m`v-me`v wRnv` ej AvLvwqZ Kivi KviY wgywL wevw mw nQ:
c_gZ, `vIqvZ, ivRbxwZ, Av`vjb BZvw` Kg wj gvbyl kixqZ wb`wkZ wRnv` Bev`ZwU cvjb KiQb ej
aviYv KiQb Ges nv`xm I wdKn wRnvì h mKj weavb, mybvZ I Avè eYbv Kiv nqQ Zv G chvR I
cvjbxq ej gb KiQb|
wZxqZ, cPwjZ ivRbxwZ, Av`vjb ev `je `vIqvZi mv_ mswk bv nq hviv ewMZfve ev wewQbfve
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 63

Iqvh, wjLbx, wkv`vb BZvw` cwZZ Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ ev bvqi Av`k I Abvqi wblai Bev`ZwU cvjb
KiQb Zviv kixqZi cvwifvwlK wRnv` bvgK Bev`ZwU cvjb KiQb bv ej gb Kiv nQ|
ZZxqZ, cPwjZ ivRbxwZ, Av`vjb ev `xb cwZvi cPvK kixqZi cvwifvwlK wRnv` ej wekvm Ki G Rb
ejcqvM, AaviY I Abyic weavbK ea ej gb Kiv nQ| Avwg GnBqvDm mybvb M G mKj welq wevwiZ
AvjvPbv KiwQ|117
weklZ ZZxq wevwwU DMZvi Rb w`Q| h mKj Avwjg ev MelK G mKj KgK wRnv` bvg AvLvwqZ
KiQb Zuviv g~jZ Gwji iZ eySvZ wewfb nv`xmi AvjvK AvwfavwbK A_ Zv KiQb| Kvbv Avwjg hLb `vIqvZ,
xb cwZv, Av`vjb, ivRbxwZ, wgwQj BZvw`K wRnv` ej AvLvwqZ Kib, ZLb wZwb eySvb bv h, G Kgi Rb A
aviY Kiv hve, A_ev Gi weivaxìK AvNvZ Kiv hve| wK wZwb bv eySvjI kvZv, cvVK ev mswk AbKB Zv
eySQb| RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb I DMZvq wj Abvb gvbyli wjLwb I ee _K Rvbv hvq h, mgKvjxb Avwjg I
MelKì G mKj ee _K Zviv GicB eySQb| G mKj ee _K Zviv eySQb h, gvbylìK Avjvni c_
wbq Avmvi I Bmjvg cwZv ev Bmjvgx iv I Bmjvgx AvBb cwZvi GKgv c_ njv wRnv`| Avi wRnv` nj Zv
gvivgvwi, AaviY, hy I nZv neB|
eZ, DMZvi wfw `ywU welqi Dci:
c_gZ, wRnv`B Bmjvg cPvi ev cwZvi c_ ej `vwe Kiv|
om
wZxqZ, wRnvì Rb AaviY, nZv, gZzeiY BZvw`K ea ev AvekKxq ej `vwe Kiv|
KziAvb-nv`xm I Bmjvgi BwZnvm _K wZxq welqwU cgvY Kiv Zuvì Rb LyeB mnR welq| GRb Zuvì
wevwi g~j Drm c_g welqi ga wbwnZ| Avgiv `LwQ h, cvwifvwlK wRnv` KLbvB Bmjvg, Bmjvgx iv ev
.c
Bmjvgx AvBb cwZvi gvag bq| wRnv` cwZwZ iv I bvMwiK I `xbx `vIqvZi wbivcv ivi gvag| wK wRnv`
st
ki AwZ-eenvi dj AbKi gbB eg~j aviYv nqQ h, wRnv`B xb cwZvi c_ ev GKgv c_ Ges xb cwZvi
tru
Rb wRnv` Kiv mKji Rb dih|
Rwì cPviKg GZ AbK mnR nq wMqQ| Zviv wKQz mijcvY AveMx hyeKK mnRB GK_v eySvZ cviQ
ah
h, wRnv`B mek I mec_g dih, wRnv` Qvov Bmjvg Kvqg ne bv| Avi wRnv` gvbB Zv A, hy I nZv, KvRB
GLbB Avgvì m KvR bg coZ ne| GfveB iZvivci Rb GKwU cwifvlvi AvwfavwbK A_i AwZenvi
nn
wewfb wevwi c_ Dby KiQ|

cvi `xb cwZvi G mKj KgK Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ bvg AvLvwqZ Kij GKw`K hgb mwVK Bmjvgx
u
cwifvlvi eenvii gvag Dchy wwea AZv ev wevwi c_ i ne, Zgwb Abw`K G mKj Bev`Z cvjbi
ss
mwVK mybvZ I Bmjvgx Avè Rvbv mnR ne| KviY `xb cwZvi G mKj KgK me`v wRnv` ej AvLvwqZ Kivi dj
AvMnx gywgb G mKj Kgi Bmjvgx wb`kbv, ivm~jyjvn I mvnvexMYi mybvZ I Bmjvgx Avè Rvbvi Rb nv`xm I
.a
wdKni wRnv` Aavq Abymvb KiZ Pv Kib, Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ ev bvqi Av`k I Abvqi wbla
Aavq Aaqbi K_v Zvi gb Avm bv|
w
Avgiv Avkv Kwi h, `xbx `vIqvZi G mKj gq`vb hviv KgiZ Ges G mKj welq hviv MelYv KiQb, Zviv G
w
mKj KgKvi cvwifvwlK cwiPq wbwZ Kieb| GwjK bqi Av`k I Abvqi wbla ev Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ
w
bvg AvLvwqZ Kij Bmjvg cwZv I Bmjvgx `vIqvZi AveM I RhevK wec_Mvgx Kivi ev mwnsmZvq chewmZ Kivi
GKwU eo c_ i ne ej Avkv Kiv hvq| gnvb AvjvnB fvj Rvbb Ges wZwbB ZvIdxK `vZv|
3. 7. 2. wRnv` dih AvBb Ges eo dih
wbRi Rxebi Pq Abi Rxeb `xb cwZvi AveM cvPxb I AvaywbK LvwiRxMY wRnv` bvgK Bev`ZK
dih AvBb ev ewMZfve cZK gymwjgi Dci dih ej `vwe KiQb| Dci Zviv wRnv`-K gywgbi Rxebi
mePq eo dih ej `vwe KiQ| cvPxb LvwiRxMYi gZvgZ eYbvq GKRb MelK wjLQb:
"The second principle that flowed from their aggressive idealism was militancy, or
jihd, which the Khawrij considered to be among the cardinal principles, or pillars, of Islm.
Contrary to the orthodox view, they interpreted the Qurnic command about 'enjoining good
and forbidding evil' to mean the vindication of truth through the sword"... "To these five, the
Khawrij sect added a sixth pillar, the jihd". LvwiRxì AvMvmx Av`kevì wZxq wfw wQj wRnv`|
LvwiRxMY wRnv`K Bmjvgi g~j wfw ev iKb ej gb Ki| mvaviY gymwjgì gZi wecixZ LvwiRxMY KziAvb
wb`wkZ mrKvR Av`k I Abvq _K wbla ejZ Zievixi Rvi mZ cwZv eySvZv|... Zviv Bmjvgi ci
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 64

mv_ wRnv`K l wnme hy Ki...|118
AveMx LvwiRxMY me`v wRnvì AZzjbxq mvIqve I iZ welqK AvqvZwjK Zvì gZi c `jxj wnme
ck KiZ| Zvì DZ AvqvZ I nv`xm wRnvì iZ cgvY Ki| wK KLbvB ZvK mevP ev mek dih ej
cgvY Ki bv| cKZ K_v h, Bmjvg gymwjgi Dci AbK Kg dih Kiv nqQ| mKj dih KgB iZc~Y| Ze
mwji ga KvbvwUi Pq KvbvwU ewk iZc~Y nZ cvi| iZi ewkKg mvaviYfve mKji Rb nZ cvi
Avevi ewMZ Aevi KviY nZ cvi| mevevq iZi Kgewk AveM ev hyw w`q bq, eis mybvZi AvjvK ev
ivm~jyjvn -Gi AvRxebi Kg, wkv I AvPiYi ga _K eySZ ne| Avi KziAvb, nv`xm Ges ivm~jyjvn I
mvnvexMYi AvPwiZ cvqvwMK mybvZi AvjvK Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, wRnv` mePq dih bq, `xbi iKbI bq Ges
dih AvBbI bq| eis wRnv` dih wKdvqv Bev`Z| Avgiv BZvc~e welqwU AvjvPbv KiwQ|
3. 7. 3. LvwiRxMYi wevw Acbv`b mvnvexMY
nv`xmi MwjZ mvnvex-ZvweqxMYi mv_ LvwiRxMYi wewfb msjvc DZ Kiv nqQ| Gwj _K Avgiv
LvwiRxMYi gZvgZ I Zvì wevw Acbv`b mvnvexMYi cPvi welq RvbZ cvwi| mvnvexMYi ee _K wbgi
welqwj cZxqgvb nq:
(1) AviKvb Bmjvg I G RvZxq Bev`ZB gywgbi g~j `vwqZ| Gwj Dw Bev`Z ev Gwj cvjb KivB gywgb
Rxebi Dk| Gwj cvjbi AvekKZv KLbvB Kg bv ev _vg bv| cvi wRnv` Dw Bev`Z bq; eis Dw
om
Bev`Z cvjbi AwaKvi ivi RbB wRnv`| G AwaKvi we`gvb _vKj wRnvì AvekKZv _vK bv|
(2) wdZbv `~ixKiY wRnvì Dk| Ze wdZbv `~ixKiY ejZ mgvRi mKj Abvq, AbvPvi, Kzdi, wkiK
BZvw` `~i Kiv bq, eis gywgbK Rvic~eK Kzdi wj nIqvi cwiwwZ `~ixKiY ev `xbcvjb I `xbx `vIqvZi ^vaxbZv
.c
iv Kiv| Gic cwiwwZ Qvov wRnv` g~jZ wdZbv `~i Ki bv, eis wdZbv mw Ki| st
(3) wRnv` Kiv Avjvni wb`k Ges gvbyl nZv Kiv Avjvni wbla| wblai cvjvK fvix ivLZ ne Ges nvivg
tru
wbcwZZ nIqvi fq _vKj wRnv` cwiZvM KiZ ne|
(4) Kvwdi ivi mbvevwnbxi wei hyi gvag iv, bvMwiK I `xbx `vIqvZi ^vaxbZv I weRq msiYB
ah
g~jZ wRnv`| gymwjg ew ev ivi wei hy ev nZv wRnv` bq| h ew wbRK gywgb ej `vwe Ki ev jv Bjvnv
Bjvjv gyL ^xKvi Ki ZvK wRnvì bvg nZv Kiv cvijwKK asmi AbZg KviY|
nn
G cm LvwiRxì mv_ Beby Dgvii (iv) wKQz K_vcK_b Avgiv BZvc~e `LwQ| LvwiRxMYi `vwe wQj, gvbyl
hLb Abvq AbvPvi asm nq hvQ ZLb wRnv` ev` w`q n-Dgivq iZ _vKv AvcwKi| Gi Di Beby Dgvi (iv)
u
ejb h, dhxjZ, cyivi BZvw` KLbvB Kvbv Bev`Zi kZ cgvY Ki bv, eis G Rb KziAvb ev nv`xmi my
ss
wb`k cqvRb| KziAvb I nv`xmi wb`kbv _K Rvbv hvq h wRnv` AviKvb Bmjvgi gZ Kvbv dih Bev`Z bq|
hLvb wRnvì bvg gymwjg nZv ev fvZnZvi mvebv iqQ mLvb dhxjZ ARbi Pq nvivg eRb gywgbi `vwqZ|
.a
cvi n Bmjvgi cuvP iKbi GKwU, KvRB mevevq G Bev`Z gyw gb cvjb KiZ cvi|
w
Ab nv`xm `yew Beby Dgvii (iv) KvQ Gm ejb:

w
w
) (

gvbyliv (Abvq AbvPvi I cvc) asm nq hvQ| Avcwb Beby Dgvi, ivm~jyjvn -Gi mvnvex, Avcwb Kb ewiq
hy Ask wbQb bv? wZwb ejb, Avjvn Avgvi fvBqi i nvivg KiQb G-B AvgvK hy eivZ wbla KiQ| Zviv
ej, Avjvn wK ejb wb, Ges Zvgiv Zvì mv_ hy KiZ _vKe, hver wdZbv `~ixf~Z bv nq Ges Avjvni `xb
cwZwZ bv nq? ZLb wZwb ejb, Avgiv hy KiwQjvg Ges wdZbv `~ixf~Z nqwQj Ges Avjvni `xb cwZwZ nqwQj|
Avi Zvgiv PvQ h, Zvgiv hy Kie hb wdZbv cwZwZ nq Ges `xb Avjvn Qvov Abi Rb nq|119
GLvbI Avyjvn Beby Dgvi (iv) c_gZ, wRnvì Av`k I nZvi wblavvi ga Zzjbv KiQb, hv Avgiv c~ei
K_vcK_bI `LwQ| wRnvì Av`k Kiv njI Zvi cwiZvMi AbygwZ Ìqv nqQ| cvi gvbyli icvZ
fqiZg nvivg| KvRB cwiZvMhvM GKwU `vwqZ cvjbi Rb gywgb KLbvB fqiZg GKwU nvivg wj nZ cvib
bv|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 65

wZxqZ, wZwb wRnv`-wKZvj I wdZbv ev mvmi ga cv_Ki cwZ BwZ KiQb| wZwb ejQb h,
mvnvexMY h wKZvj KiwQjb Zv wQj wdZbv iva KiZ, Avi LvwiRxMY h wKZvj KiQ Zv wdZbv cwZvi Rb| wZwb
GZ`yfqi ga cv_Ki KviY DjL Kib wb| Avgiv `LwQ h, Bmjvgi `wZ wRnv` I wdZbv ev mvmi ga
gwjK cv_K h, wRnv` iv wbqwZ hy hv ay k hvvì wei cwiPvwjZ Ges wdZbv-mvm ew ev Mvw
cwiPvwjZ hy hv mvaviYZ hvv-Ahvv mKji wei cwiPvwjZ|
KziAvb-mybvni wb`kbv Abymvi cwZwZ ivi ivcavbi wb`k I bZZB wRnv`-wKZvj cwiPvwjZ ne|
LvwiRxMY welqwUK ewMZ I MvwMZ chvq wbq Gm mvmi Rb `q| eZ, nZv, wePvi, kwcqvM BZvw` welq
hw` iv wbqwZ bv nq Ze Zv wdZbvi gnvvi DbvPb Ki| cw_exZ cZK gvbylB Ab Kvbv bv Kvbv gvbyli
`wZ AbvqKvix I Acivax| cZK ew ev Mvw hw` wbRi gZ Abymvi wePvi, hy I kwcqvM KiZ _vK Ze
Zvi Pq eo wdZbv Avi wKQzB nZ cvi bv|
Ab nv`xm Zvweqx bvwd ejb, GK LvwiRx bZv Avyjvn Beby Dgvii (iv) wbKU Gm ejb:

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n Ave~ Avyi ivngvb, wK KviY Avcwb GK eQi n Kib AviK eQi Dgiv Kib Ges Avjvni ivvq wRnv`
cwiZvM Kib? A_P Avcwb Rvbb h, Avjvn wRnvì Rb Kx cwigvY Drmvn I ciYv w`qQb? ZLb Beby Dgvi (iv)
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ejb, fvwZRv, Bmjvg cwZwZ nqQ cuvPwU welqi Dci: Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~ji ( ) cwZ Cgvb, cuvP Iqv mvjvZ,
ivgvhvbi wmqvg, hvKvZ I evBZzjvni n| D ew ej, n Ave~ Avyi ivngvb, Avjvn Zuvi wKZve Kx ejQb Zv wK
nn
Avcwb bQb bv? wZwb ejQb: gywgbMYi `yB `j hy wj nj Zvgiv Zvì ga gxgvsmv Ki è| AZtci
Zvì GK`j Aci `ji Dci mxgjNb Kij Zvgiv mxgvjNbKvixì wei hy Ki, hZY bv Zviv Avjvni
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wb`ki w`K wdi Avm| (wZwb Aviv ejQb): Ges Zvgiv Zvì mv_ hy KiZ _vKe, hver wdZbv `~ixf~Z bv nq
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Ges Avjvni `xb cwZwZ bv nq 120| ZLb Beby Dgvi ejb, Avgiv Zv ivm~jyjvn -Gi hyM Zv KiwQjvg| Bmjvg
`yej I ^ wQj, dj gymwjg ew Zvi `xbi KviY wdZbvM nZb| Kvwdiiv ZvK nZv KiZ A_ev Zvi Dci
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AZvPvi KiZ| hLb Bmjvg weZ nq Mj ZLb Zv Avi wdZbv _vKj bv|121
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GLvbI LvwiRxMY KziAvbi `y-GKwU AvqvZi Dci wfw Ki Beby Dgvi (iv)-Gi wRnv` cwiZvM Ki n Dgiv
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cvjbK AvcwKi ej `vwe KiQ| Beby Dgvi (iv) Zvì wevw Acbv`bi Pv KiQb| Zuvi ee _K Avgiv
KqKwU welq eyS Z cvwi:
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c_gZ, ay dhxjZ, wb`kbv ev ciYvg~jK AvqvZ I nv`xmi wfwZ Kvbv Bev`Zi iZ wbaviY Kiv hvq bv|
KziAvb Kvixg I ivm~jyjvn -Gi mvgwMK wkvi AvjvKB Zv wbaviY KiZ ne|
wZxqZ, KziAvb Kvixg mvjvZ, wmqvg, hvKvZ, wRnv`, `vIqvZ, Av`k, wbla BZvw` AbK Bev`Zi wb`k
Ìqv nqQ| Ze Gwji ga Kvb&wU AwaKiZc~Y Ges KvbwU Kg iZc~Y, KvbwU ewMZ Ges KvbwU KvbwU
mvgwK, KvbwU ivxq, Kvb&wU mKji Rb mvewYK cvjbxq, Kvb&wU wekl Aevq cvjbxq BZvw` cqvRbxq welq we
vwiZ AvjvPbv Kiv nq wb| G mKj KziAvbx wb`k whwb Mnb KiQb, Zuvi eve cqvM I wb`kbv _KB G mKj welq
wevwiZ Rvbv hvq|
ivm~jyjvn -Gi wkv I eve cqvM _K Rvbv hvq h, KziAvb DwjwLZ mKj wb`ki ga G cuvPwU Kg
mePq ewk iZcY Ges Gwji DciB `xbi wfw| wRnv`, `vIqvZ, Av`k-wbla, `xb cwZv BZvw` Bev`Zi
iZ Ab^xKvh| Ze mwji cvjbi ewi Aevi AvjvK h Qvo ev myhvM AvQ Zv AviKvb Bmjvgi
bB| Zuviv eySZb h, wRnv` AviKvb Bmjvgi gZ ewMZ dih Bev`Z bq h, Zv cwiZM Kij Mvbvn ne| eis
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 66

wewfb nv`xm aygv AviKvb Bmjvg cvjbKvixK c~Y gymwjg I RvbvZx ej DjL Kiv nqQ|122 Abvb nv`xm
wRnvì iZ eYbvi mv_ mv_ wRnv` cwiZvMKvix AviKvb cvjbKvix gywgbiI cksmv Kiv nqQ| 123| AbK nv`xm
wekLjv, wdZbv ev nvbvnvwbi mgq, Av`k, wbla, `vIqvZ I wRnv` cwiZvMi AbygwZ c`vb Kiv nqQ|124 Ab
wcZvgvZvi L`gZ ev AvbylwK cqvRbi Rb wRnv` cwiZvM KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ|125
Beby Dgvi wbRI Kvwdi ivi wei gymwjg ivi ivxq wRnv` AskMnY KiZb| Ze wRnvì AbK kZ
iqQ, mwji AbZg h, wRnv` ay hyiZ Kvwdii weiB ne| gymwjg ivcavb KZK gymwjg we`vnxi wei hy
hwÌ ea Kiv nqQ, wK Beby Dgvi (iv) I Abvb AwaKvsk mvnvex G `~i _vKvB cQ` KiZb, KviY fy j
wRnv` Kvbv gymwjgK nZv Kivi Pq, mwVK wRnv` _K weiZ _vKv Dg|
ZZxqZ, Zuviv wdZbv `~ixKiY I Avjvni `xb cwZvi welq gymwjgi `xb cvjbi wbivcvwUB g~j ej gb
KiQb| gymwjg hZY `xb cvjbi wbivcv fvM KiQb ZZY wdZbv `~ixf~Z Kivi bvg hy Kivi myhvM bB| eis
`vIqvZ, Av`k, wbla BZvwì gvag mgmv `~i Kivi Pv KiZ ne|
PZz_Z, wZwb Av`k I wblai ga Zzjbv KiQb| LvwiRxì `vwe wQj, Avjvn wdZbv `~i Kivi Rb hyi
wb`k w`qQb| weklZ gywgbì cvivwiK hyi mgq Rvwjg gywgbì wei hyi my wb`k w`qQb Avjvn|
Gic my wb`ki ciI hy bv Ki em _vKv Kvbv gywgbi c wKfve me nq?
Beby Dgvi (iv) eySvjb h, GLvb Av`ki wecixZ wbla iqQ, Avi G wblai cvjvB fvix _vKe| G
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mKj AvqvZ hgb wKZvji wb`k Ìqv Zgwb Ab AvqvZ Avjvn ejQb:

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h ew Kvbv GKRb gyw gbK BQvKZfve nZv Kie Zvi cwZdj Rvnvbvg, Z_vq m wPivqx _vKe Ges
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Avjvn Zvi Dci vavw^Z nqQb Ges ZvK Awfk KiQb Ges Zvi Rb fqi Avhve cZ KiQb|126
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eZ KziAvb Kvixg Gi Pq KwVbZi fvlvq Kvbv cvci kvw eYbv Kiv nq wb| BQvKZfve Kvbv GKRb
gywgbK nZv Kivi Rb 5 chvqi kvwi K_v ejv nqQ, hvi GKwU AviKwUi Pq fqiZi: Rvnvbvg, Z_vq
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wPivwqZ, Avjvni va, Avjvni Awfkvc Ges fqi kvw| Gi wecixZ kZfvM wbwZ dih wRnv` cwiZvM Kij
Gic ev Gi KvQvKvwQ Kvbv kvwi K_v ejv nq wb|
nn
gywgb nZv Zv `~ii K_v gymwjg mgvR emevmiZ Kvbv Agymwjg bvMwiK, A_ev k iv _K AvBbvbyM
wbivcv wbq gymwjg `k AvMZ Agymwjg bvMwiKK nZv KijI m ew RvbvZi myMw jvf KiZ cvie bv ej
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nv`xm kixd DjL Kiv nqQ| KvRB Kvbv gywgbB wRnv`, wKZvj ev hyi bvg Gic KwVb cvci ga wbRK
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wbcwZZ KiZ cvi bv|

mvnvex Ryb`ye Beby Avyjvn (60 wn)| GKevi LvwiRxì KwZcq bZvK WK ejb, ivm~jyjvn ( ) ejQb,
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h ew KvwVb ev DMZvi c_ Aej^b Kie AvjvnI wKqvgZi w`b Zvi Rb KvwVbi c_ Aej^b Kieb|
KD hw` Kvbv gvbyli nvZi ZvjyZ ivLvi gZ mvgvb iI cevwnZ Ki (hb h gyiMx RevB KiQ) Ze m i Zvi
I RvbvZi ga evav ne| (hLbB m RvbvZi Kvbv ìRvi w`K AMmi ne, ZLbB H i Zvi RvbvZ ceki c_
evav nq ùvove)| KvRB hw` KD cvi Ze m hb Gic icvZ _K AvZiv Ki|
G K_v b DcwZ jvKwj Lye `b KiZ jvMj| ZLb Ryb`ye (iv) ejb, Giv hw` mZev`x nq Ze Giv gyw
cq hve|.. wK ci Avevi Zviv DMZvi c_ wdi hvq| 127
Ryb`ye (iv) `ywU welqi cwZ Zvì `w AvKlY KiQb:
c_gZ, DMZvi fqvenZv| DMZvi `ywU w`K iqQ| c_g w`K, wbRi ewMZ Rxeb `xb cvjbi Rb bdj-gy
vnve BZvw` welq AwZ K`vqK ixwZ AbymiY Kiv| wZxq w`K, Ab gvbylì fyjvw mskvabK wbRi AbZg evSv
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 67

ej MnY Kiv Ges mRb DMZvi c_ Aej^b Kiv| `ywU welqB mybvZi cwicx Kg hv gywgbi Rxeb `xb cvjbK
KwVb Ki Zvj|
wZxqZ, wZwb wRnvì bvg nZv ev icvZi fqi cwiYwZi w`K Zvì `w AvKlY KiQb| mvjvZ, wmqvg,
whK&i BZvw` Bev`Zi gZ Bev`Z bq wRnv`| G mKj Bev`Z hw` Kvbv KviY fyj nq Ze ZvZ Bev`ZKvix KwVb
cvci ga wbcwZZ nq bv| cvi wRnv` wePvii gZ ev`vi nK RwoZ Bev`Z| Avgiv `LwQ h, wePviKi fyj
wbicivaxi mvRv nIqvi Pq Acivaxi euP hvIqv ev mvRv Kg nIqv fvj| Abyicfve wRnvì bvg fyj gvbylK nZv
Kivi Pq wRnv` bv Kiv AbK fvj| wRnvì bvg fyj gvbylK nZv Kij kZ cyb KiI RvbvZ _K ewZ nZ
ne| cvi wRnv` eRbi KviY Gic kvwjvfi mvebv bB|
GLvb jYxq h, vb I Abyf~wZ Avmvi ciI Zviv DMZv cwiZvM KiZ cvij bv| Gi KviY meZ Gì ga
mKjB mr I AvwiK wQj bv| G mKj mvmx Kgi gvag gZv, m` I Abvb RvMwZK ^v_ nvwmji DkI
AbKi wQj| A_ev DMZvi Dbv`bv I mxmv_xì AccPvi ZvìK Aveviv wec_Mvgx Ki|
LvwiRxMYi wevw AbZg wQj Cgvbi `vwe`viK wewfb hywZ Kvwdi ej MY Ki ZvK nZv Kiv| Avgiv
cieZx AbyQ` G welqwU AvjvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn| Zvì G welqK wevw Acbv`bi Rb mvnvexMY wewfbfve
ZvìK nZvi fqvenZv eySvZb| Zuviv ZvìK eySvZb h, wRnvì ev hyi mKj kZ c~iY njI hw` KD hyi
gq`vb wbRK gymwjg ej `vwe Ki ZvK nZv Kiv wbwl|
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G welq GK nv`xm Zvweqx mvdIqvb Beby gynwih ejb, Avyjvn Beby hyevBii wdZbvi mgq mvnvex Ryb`ye Beby
Avyjvn evRvjx (iv) G mKj msNvZi welq AvMnx KwZcq ewK WK GKwZ Ki ZvìK jv Bjvnv Bjvjv
cvVKvix Cgvbi `vwe`vi Kvbv ewK nZv Kivi cwiYwZ _K mveavb Kivi Rb ejb, ivm~jyjvn Kvwdiì
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wei GKwU evwnbx ciY Kib| hyi gvV GKRb Kvwdi mwbK `y`gbxq exiZ c`kb Ki Ges gymwjg evwnbxi AbK
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mwbKK nZv Ki| GK chvq Dmvgv Beby hvB` (iv) D Kvwdi mwbKK Avgb Kib| wZwb hLb ZvK nZv KiZ
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D`Z nb ZLb D Kvwdi mwbK jv Bjvnv Bjvjvn ej| Dmvgv m AevZB ZvK nZv Kib| ivm~jyjvn G msev`
cq AZ wePwjZ nq DmvgvK ejb, jv Bjvnv Bjvjv ejvi ciI Zzwg ZvK Kb nZv Kij? wZwb ejb, jvKwU
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gymwjg evwnbxK AbK K w`qQ AgyK, AgyKK nZv KiQ, Avwg hLb Zievix DVvjvg m Zievixi fq jv Bjvnv
Bjvjv ejQ| ivm~jyjvn ejb, Zzwg Zvi `q wPi `L wbj bv Kb, m fq ejQ bv ^Qvq ejQ! KqvgZi
nn
w`b hLb G jv Bjvnv Bjvjv DcwZ ne ZLb Zzwg Kx Kie? KqvgZi w`b hLb G jv Bjvnv Bjvjv DcwZ ne
ZLb Zzwg Kx Kie? Gfve wZwb evieviB ejZ jvMjb, KqvgZi w`b hLb G jv Bjvnv Bjvjv DcwZ ne ZLb
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Zzwg Kx Kie?128
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Gfve wewfb nv`xm Avgiv `LZ cvB h, mvnvexMY Cgvbi `vwe`viK Kvwdi ejv I ZvK nZv Kivi KwVb
cwiYwZ mK GìK mveavb KiQb|
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Kzdi A_ Awekvm| Avi ZvK&dxi A_ KvDK Awekvmx ev agZvMx ej AvLvwqZ Kiv| h ew wbRK gywgb ej
`vwe Kib ZvK Kvwdi ej AvLvwqZ KivK ZvK&dxi ejv nq|
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Kvbv KvRK Kzdix ej MY Kiv Ges G KvRi Rb Kvbv gymwjgK Kvwdi ejvi ga Avmgvb-hgxbi
cv_K iqQ| BZvc~e Avgiv `LwQ h, LvwiRxMYi c~em~ix hyj LyIqvBwmiv ivm~jyjvn -Gi Kgi KwVb mgvjvPbv
Ki, hv wQj my Kzdix| Avgiv h KD ejZ cvwi h, ivm~jyjvn Abvq KiQb ej aviYv Kiv ev Zuvi cwZ
Awekvm I KzaviYv cvlY Kiv Kzdix| wK Lvwj` Beby Iqvwj` hLb agZvMi kvw wnme ZvK gZz` Ìqvi AbygwZ
cv_bv Kib ZLb ivm~jyjvn ejb: bv| nqZev jvKwU mvjvZ Av`vq Ki| Lvwj` (iv) ejb, KZ gymjxB Zv
AvQ h gyL hv ej Zvi Ai Zv bB| ZLb ivmyjyjvn ( ) ejb, AvgvK wb`k Ìqv nq wb h, Avwg gvbyli
Ai LuyR `Le ev Zvì cU do `Le|
A_vr jvKwU wbRK gymwjg `vwe Ki Ges Bmjvgi evwnK wKQz Kg Ki| KvRB jvKwU h Kzdix K_v ejQ
Zvi Kvbv Ihi AvQ ej ai wbZ ne|
cieZxZ ivm~jyjvn G ewi AbyMvgxì welq Rvbvb h, Giv wkKvii `nf`Kvix Zxii bvq Bmjvg _K
ei nq hve| Zviv Bmjvg Abymvixì nZv Kie Ges cwZgv-cv_ii Abymvixì Qo è| kl wZwb ejb:
Avwg hw` ZvìK cvB Ze mvg~` mc`vqK hfve wbgyj Kiv nqwQj mfveB Avwg ZvìK nZv Ki wbgyj
Kie|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 68

G welqwUI jYxq| G mKj gvbyl hLb gymwjgì nZvKv wj ne ZLb wZwb ZvìK nZv Kieb ej
Rvbvjb| wK Gic cvc wj nIqvi AvM ZvìK agZvMi Aciva gZz` w`Z ivwR njb bv| KviY h ew
wbRK gywgb `vwe KiQ Zvi K_vi IRi cvIqv Mj Zv MnY Ki ZvK gymwjg ej MY KiZ ne| Ze m hw` nZv,
mvm ev Abyic gZz` cvIqvi gZ Kvbv Aciva wj nq ZLb ZvK G Acivai Rb kvw w`Z ne|
Avgiv `LwQ h, cvci KviY gywgbK Kvwdi ejv LvwiRx mvmi g~j wfw wQj| cvi mvnvexMY Ges
Zuvì ci gymwjg Dvni Bgvg I AvwjgMY GKgZ h, cvci KviY gywgbK Kvwdi ejv hvq bv| KviY, KziAvb I
nv`xm hgb wewfb cvcK Kzdix ejv nqQ, Zgwb KwVb cvc wj ewKI gywgb ejv nqQ| G mKj AvqvZ I
nv`xmi AvjvK ivm~jyjvn ( )-Gi mvnPvh jvwjZ mvnvexMY ejZb h, KziAvb Kvixg eeZ Kzdi, wbdvK, wdmK I
Ryjg `y A_ eeZ nqQ: KLbv Zv Awekvm, Cgvbi AbycwwZ I P~ov Abvq A_ Ges KLbv Zv Avjvni bqvgZi
cwZ AKZZvi cvc, gybvwdKi Y I mvaviY cvc A_ eenvi Kiv nqQ| G welqK AvqvZ, nv`xm I wewfb gZvgZ
KziAvb-mybvni AvjvK Bmjvgx AvKx`v M wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kivi Pv KiwQ|129
D M wewfb nv`xmi AvjvK Avgiv `LwQ h, Ihi, evLv, AZv ev bv-eySvi KviY my Kzdix Kg ev
K_v ejv mI mswk ewK Kvwdi ej MY Kiv nq wb| G viv D Kg ev K_vK eaZv Ìqv nq wb, wK ewi
Ihi MnY Kiv nqQ| AZvi Ihi mK GK nv`xm hvBdv (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ejb:

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Kvcoi bKwk hgb gwjb nq gyQ hvq Zgwb gwjb I wejxb nq hve Bmjvg| GgbwK gvbyl Rvbe bv h,
mvjvZ Kx? wmqvg Kx? n Kx, hvKvZ Kx? GK ivZ KziAvb AcmvwiZ ne (wewZ KziAvbK AveZ Kie) dj
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cw_exZ KziAvbi Kvbv AvqvZ Aewk _vKe bv| AbK eq bvixcyil iq hve hviv eje, Avgvi Avgvì wcZv-
wcZvgìK jv Bjvnv Bjvjv KvwjgvwU ejZ bZvg KvRB Avgiv Zv ewj| ZLb wmjvn bvgK GK kvZv ejb,
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Zviv mvjvZ, wmqvg, n, hvKvZ wKQzB Rvb bv, KvRB Zvì Rb jv Bjvnv Bjvjv Kvbv KvR jvMe bv| ZLb
hvBdv gyL wdwiq bb| wmjvn wZbevi K_vwU ejb Ges wZbeviB hvBdv gyL wdwiq bb| ZZxqevi wZwb ejb: n
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wmjvn, G KvwjgvwU ZvìK Rvnvbvg _K iv Kie| wZwb wZbevi GK_vwU ejjb|130

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Cgvbi `vwe`viK Kvwdi ejv mvm I Akvwi c_g c`c| ivm~jyjvn G welq Zvi DvZK mZK
KiQb| Avyjvn Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ejb:
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hw` Kvbv ew Zvi fvBK Kvwdi ej, Ze G K_v `y Rbi GKRbi Dci chvR ne| hw` Zvi fvB mwZB
Kvwdi nq Ze fvj, bBj h ZvK Kvwdi ejj Zvi DciB Kzdix chvR ne|131
Kvbv Cgvbi `vwe`viK Kvwdi ejv ZvK nZv Kivi gZB KwVbZg Aciva| mvweZ Beby `vnnvK (iv) ejb,
ivm~jyjvn ejb,

hw` KD Kvbv gywgbK KzdixZ Awfhy Ki Ze Zv ZvK nZv Kivi gZB Aciva|132
G A_ 8/10 Rb mvnvex _K wewfb mnxn mb` nv`xm ewYZ nqQ| KziAvb-nv`xmi G mKj wb`kbvi
AvjvK Ges KziAvb-nv`xmi mKj eei mvgwMK I mgw^Z A_i Dci wbfi Ki mvnvexMY Ges Zvì Abymvix
cieZx mKj hyM gymwjg Dvni g~javivi, A_v r Avnjym mybvZ Iqvj RvgvAvZi gymwjgMY Cgvbi `vwe`vi KvDK
Kvwdi ejvi AZ mZKZv Aej^b KiQb|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 69

Zvì gyjbxwZ G-B h, gywgb wbRi Cgvbi welq AZ mZK _vKeb| mKj Kzdi, wkiK, cvc, Abvq,
AevaZv I Bmjvgx g~jeva weivax wPvPZbv _K mZKZvi mv_ AvZiv Kieb| wK Abi Cgvbi `vwe MnY
Kivi welq evwnK `vwei Dci wbfi Kieb| Kvbv Cgvbi `vwe`viKB Kvwdi bv ejvi Rb mevP mZKZv Aej^b
Kieb| fyj Ki Kvbv gywgbK Kvwdi gb Kivi Pq fyj Ki Kvbv KvwdiK gymwjg gb Kiv AbK fvj I
wbivc`| c_g KwVb cvc I wbRi Cgvb b nIqvi fq iqQ| cvi wZxq Kvbvic cvc ev wZ
nIqvi mvebv bB| KviY G gvbyli gyLi `vwei Dci wbfi KiZB nv`xm wb`k Ìqv nqQ, cU wPi gbi
K_v ei Kivi wb`k Ìqv nq wb|
G bxwZi wfwZ Zuviv wekvm Kib h, h ew wbRK gymwjg ej `vwe KiQb, ZvK Kvbv cvci KviY
Agymwjg, Kvwdi ev agZvMx ej MY Kiv hve bv, wZwb Zvi cvc _K ZvIev Kib, A_ev bvB Kib, hZY bv wZwb
myfve Bmjvgx wekvmi cwicx Kvbv wekvm cvlY Kivi NvlYv wèb| Bmjvgx AvBb jNbKvix, ev Avjvni
wb`k AgvbKvix gymwjg cvcx gymwjg ej MY neb| KLbvB ZvK cvci KviY Agymwjg ev agZvMx ej MY Kiv
ne bv| Ze hw` Zvi G cvc ev AevaZvK wZwb ea gb Kib ev Bmjvgx weavbK evR, dvjZz, APj ev AcvjbhvM
ej gb Kib, Ze Zv Kzd ix ev agZvM ej MY ne|
wZwb hw` Ggb Kvbv gZev`, wekvm, AvKx`v ev gZv`k MnY Kivi my NvlYv `b hv Bmjvgx wekvmi mv_
evnZ mvsNwlK njI Zvi GKwU Bmjvg MnYhvM evLv c`vb me Ze ZvK Zvi G gZev` ev AvKx`vi KviY Kvwdi
om
ejv ne bv, eis wev ejv ne| KziAvb-mybvn weivax wekvm cvlY Kiv ev KziAvb-mybvn wb`wkZ wekvm ev Kg
A^xKvi Kivi Rb eyS mivmwi A^xKvi Kiv, evLv mvc A^xKvi Kiv Ges bv Rb A^xKvi Kivi ga
cv_K KiQb gymwjg Dvni Bgvg I AvwjgMY|133
.c
Cgvbi `vwe`vi Rb b Kzdix Kieb bv ejB ai wbZ ne| Kviv K_v, gZvgZ ev Kg evnZ Kzdix njI
st
hw` Zvi Kvbvic Bmjvg mZ evLv Ìqv hvq Ze `~ieZx njI Bmjvgx evLv MnY Ki ZvK gywgb ej gb wbZ
ne| mevcwi Cgvbi `vwe`vi Kvbv ew hw` my Kvbv Kzdix ev wkiKx KvR wj nq, Ze Zvi KgK Kzdix ejv
tru
njI ewMZfve ZvK Kvwdi ejvi AvM G welq Zvi Kvbv Ihi AvQ wKbv Zv RvbZ ne| m ew AZv, fq,
evLv ev Ab Kvbv IRii K_v DjL Kij Zv MnY Kiv ne| Avnjym mybvZ Iqvj RvgvAvZ ev g~j avivi gymwjg
ah
Dvni `wZ G njv Bmjvgi AbZg g~jbxwZ|134

G g~jbxwZi KviYB mvnvexMY KLbv LvwiRxìK Kvwdi ejb wb| LvwiRxMY KziAvb-mybvni mv_ evnZ
nn
mvsNwlK gZev` MnY KiQ, mvnvexMYK Kvwdi ejQ, wbwePvi gymwjgìK nZv KiQ, ^qs ivm~jyjvn ejQb
h, Zviv Bmjvgi ga cek Ki Avevi Zv _K m~Y ewiq hve, wZwb Gì mv_ hy KiZ I GìK nZv
u
KiZ wb`k w`qQb, mvnvexMY Zvì wei AbK hy KiQb, wK KLbv Avjx (iv) ev Ab Kvbv mvnvex ZvìK
ss
Kvwdi ej dvZIqv `b wb| eis Zuviv Gì mv_ gymwjg wnmeB wgkQb, K_vevZv ejQb, AvjvPbv KiQb|
GgbwK Gì BgvgwZZ mvjvZ Av`vq KiQb| hyi gq`vb ev wePvii KvVMovq Qvov KLbvB GìK nZv Kivi
.a
AbygwZ `b wb| 135

w
3. 8. 2. LvwiRxMYi gZvgZ
w
KziAvb I nv`xmi `yGKwU wb`kbvK cyuwR Ki LvwiRxMY I evwZbxMY cvcxK Kvwdi ej MY Ki| G
jYxq h, AbK Kg AvQ hv KziAvb nv`xmi AvjvK ZB cvc| hgb, Pzwi, WvKvwZ, ewfPvi, wg_vPvi BZvw`|
w
LvwiRxMY ay GwjKB Kzdix ej MY Kiwb| Dci, Zvì gZi wecixZ ivRbwZK Kg ev wmvK evLvi gvag
cvc ej MY KiQ, Gici Zviv m cvcK Kzdix ej MY Ki mswk ewK Kvwdi AvLv w`qQ| cKZ c
LvwiRxMYi Kvwdi-K_bi g~j wfw cvc bq, eis ivRbwZK gZv`k| Zviv Zvì gZv`k wekvmx bq Gic mKj
gymwjgK Kvwdi ej MY KiZ|
Avjx (iv) I Zuvi ci gvbyliv KD Pzwi, WvKvwZ, ewfPvi ev KziAvb wb`wkZ Abyic Kvbv cvc ev Aciva
wj nb wb| Avjx (iv) Zuvi ivxq `vwqZ cvjbi icvZ e KiZ mvwjmi ev Avcvmi Pv KiQb| Zuvi
Kgi c KziAvb I nv`xmi mg_b iqQ| Ab AbK Zvi mv_ Zvi Kg AskMnY bv KijI Zuvi Kgi hwKZv
Abyfe KiQb| LvwiRxMY Zvì gbMov evLvi wfwZ Gì mKjKB Kvwdi ej AvLvwqZ KiQ| GZB Zviv Lv
nq wb, ZvìK wbwePvi nZv Ki Ges Zvì abm` jyUZivR Ki Bmjvg ev mZ cwZvi msMvg KiQ| cvi
Zvì AbKB Zvì gaKvi AbK cvcxKB Kvwdi gb KiZ bv|136
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 70
RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb Cgvbi `vwe`viK Kvwdi ejvi G bxwZ MnY Kib| gywgbK Kvwdi ejvi Zviv
Kvbvic KcYZv Kib wb| Zvì Kvwdi K_bi chvq wbgic:
1. Kexiv Mvbvn ev cvc wj gywgbK Kvwdi ejv|
2. Zvì gZi weivax mKj Avwjg I gymwjgK Kvwdi ejv|
3. Zvì gZi mg_K KD Kvbv welq gZf` Kij ev `jZvM Kij ZvK Kvwdi ejv|
4. mgKvjxY mKj gymwjg `k, iv I mgvRK Kvwdi ejv I Rvwnjx mgvR ej AvLvwqZ Kiv|
5. h mKj gymwjg Gic Rvwnjx mgvR _K wnRiZ Ki Zvì bZvi nvZ evBqvZ Ki Zvì RvgvAvZ ev
`j hvM `q wb Zvì mKjK Kvwdi ejv|
6. Zvì gZ hviv Kvwdi ZvìK hviv Kvwdi ej MY bv Ki ZvìKI Kvwdi ejv|137
AbK cvVKi KvQ welqwU nvmKi gb nZ cvi| wK cKZ welq njv, gywgbK Kvwdi ejvB mKj DMZv I
mvmi g~j| G Rb weklfve RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxbi Kvwdi K_b bxwZ welq wKQz AvjvPbv Kiv cqvRb| KviY h
Kvbv gymwjg mgvR hviv `xbi bvg DMZv, mvm ev kwcqvM wj Zviv Rb A_ev bv Rb Gì gZvgZwj viv
cfvweZ nQb| GQvov mgKvjxb AbK mycwm I cv Avwjg I MelKi wjLwbi ga wKQz K_v I gZvgZ AbK mgq
Zvì wevwi c ej evnZ gb nq Ges Zviv Zvì wevwi c GwjK cgvY wnme ck Ki| G mKj
Avwjgi ee hb Gfve fyj eySv bv nq Ges Abyic wevwi wkKvi Abiv bv nq mRb welqwj chvjvPbv Kiv
om
cqvRb|
Zvì `ji evBi mKj gywgbK Kvwdi ejvi Zvì gZevì KqKwU w`K wbgic:
3. 8. 3. AvBb, kvmb, weavb I gZev`
.c
RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxbI cvPxb LvwiRxì gZ `vwe Ki h, gymwjg `vwe`vi hw` Bmjvgi Kvbv Abymvkb jNb
st
Ki Ze m Kvwdi nq hvq| GI Avgiv j Kwi h, Zviv g~jZ ivRbwZK wfbgZvej^xKB Kvwdi ejb| eo
dih I QvU dih Z w`q, iv cwZvK eo dih ej `vwe Ki m AhynvZ QvU dih bvg w`q Zviv AbK dih
tru
Bev`Z eRb KiZ Ges nvivg Kg wj nZv, hwj KziAvb I nv`xm ZB cvc ej NvlYv Kiv nqQ| cvi
evLv-mvc cvci KviY Zviv AbK Avwjg I Bmjvgx ewZK Kvwdi-gyiZv` dZIqv c`vb Ki Zvì nZv
ah
KiQ| hgb agwbic ev ZvM~Zx miKviK mnhvwMZv Ki ev gwZ MnY Ki Kvwdi nq wMqQb ej `vwe
Ki Zviv mycwm Avwjg I MelK W. hvnvexK nZv Ki|
nn
LvwiRxMY Kg ev weavb c`vbK Zvì gZevì wfw wnme MY Ki| Zviv Zvì gZev` cgvYi Rb (
) , A_vr Kzg Kejgv AvjvniB Rb- KziAvbi G evYxwUKB g~jZ ck Ki| G evYxi wfwZ KLbv
u
Zviv ( ) Avjvn Qvov Kvbv nvwKg (Kg`vZv, AvBb`vZv ev dqmvjvKvix) bB K_vwUK () :

ss
Avjvn Qvov Kvbv Bjvn (gve~` ev Dcvm) bB K_vwUi gZ ZvInx` I Cgvbi g~j wfw wnmve MY KiQ| KLbv
Zviv () : Avjvn Qvov Kvbv Bjvn bB KvwjgvwUi A_ KiQ Avjvn Qvov Kvbv nvwKg ev Kzg`vZv bB|
.a
A_vr Zvi Bjvn gvbB nvwKg ev Kzg`vZv ej `vwe KiQ|

w
Gfve Zviv `vwe KiZ h, Avjvn Qvov Kviv Kg `vbi AwaKvi bB G K_v wekvm KivB Cgvb| Avjvn Qvov
w
Kviv Kzg Ìqvi AwaKvi c`vb Kiv ev Kviv weavb gvbvB Kzdi| Avi cvc gvbB Zv Avjvn Qvov Abi Kzg gvbv|
KviY gvbyl kqZvb, wbR cew ev Ab Kviv KzgB Avjvni Kzg Agvb Ki|
w
Zvì G mKj `vwe mZ I wg_vi mswgkb| GRb G welq Avjx (iv) ejZb: ( ) GKwU
mZ K_vK evwZj A_ ck Kiv nQ|138
welqwU Abyaveb Kivi Rb Avjvni ZvInx` ev GKZevì ie~weqvZ I Dj~wnqvZi `ywU w`K Avgvì fvjfve
`qg Kiv cqvRb| ZvInx`yi ie~weqvZ (cwZcvjbi GKZ) I ZvInx`yj Dj~wnqvZ (Bev`Zi GKZ) welq wevwiZ
AvjvPbv KiwQ KziAvb-mybvni AvjvK Bmjvgx AvKx`v M|139 GLvb msc ejv hvq h, Avjvni ZvInxì `yw U
w`K iqQ: ie ev cwZcvjK wnme Zvi GKZ Ges Bjvn ev Dcvm wnme Zvi GKZ| ie ev cwZcjK wnme Zvi
GKZi ga iqQ Zuvi gnvb Yvewji GKZ|
D M Avgiv wevwiZ AvjvPbv KiwQ h, Avjvn Qvov Ab KvDK ie ejv hvq, wK Bjvn ejv hvq bv|
Bjvn A_ Dcvm ev gve~`| hvK Dcvmbv, Avivabv ev AjwKKfve fw Kiv nq ZvKB Bjvn ejv nq| GRb Aviei
gvbyliv m~hK Bjvnvn ejZ| GQvov KziAvb gywZ I cwZgvmg~nK Bjvn ejv nqQ| gykwiKMY Gwji AvbyMZ KiZ
bv ev GwjK Kzg`vZv, AvBb`vZv ev weavb`vZv ej wekvm KiZ bv| eis GwjK Avjvni wcq ewZ I Avjvni mv_
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 71
wekl mKi KviY gvbyli gj-Agj wekl gZv ev mycvwiki gvwjK ej wekvm Ki mvR`v, cYwZ, gvbZ,
cv_bv BZvw` Kgi gvag Gwji Bev`Z, e`bv ev c~Rv KiZ|
Kyg ev wb`k c`vb Avjvni ie~weqvZi Ask| Avjvn Qvov Ab KD Avjvni gZ nvwKg nZ cvib bv, wK
nvwKg nZ cvib| wK KD Avjvni gZ ev Avjvni Pq wbggvbi gve~` nZ cvi bv| KziAvb Kvixg AbK vb ejv
nqQ h, Kzg ay AvjvniB140 Ges GKgv AvjvnKB nvwKg ev nvKvg ev Kzg`vZv ev dqmvjvKvix wnme MnY
KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ|141 Avevi AbK vb Avjvn Qvov AbìK Kzg, wb`k, weavb I dqmvjv Ìqvi wb`k
Ìqv nqQ Ges gvbylK nvwKg ev nvKvg A_vr Kzg`vZv, weavb`vZv ev dqmvjv`vZv wnme MnY KiZ wb`k Ìqv
nqQ| wewfb AvqvZ Avjvn ejQb h, wZwb bex-ivm~jMYK Kg ev weavb I ivq c`vbi gZv c`vb KiQb| 142
Avjvn ejb:

Avi Zvgiv hw` Zvì (^vgx-xi) Dfqi ga weQì Avkv Ki Zvnj ^vgxi cwievi _K GKRb
Kzg`vZv (wePviK) Ges xi cwievi _K GKRb Kzg`vZv (wePviK) cvVvI| hw` Zviv wggvsmv Pvq Zvnj Avjvn
Dfqi ga wgj Ki èb| wbq Avjvn mevbx, mgK AeMZ| 143
om
GLvb gnvb Avjvn gvbyli ga _K weavb`vZv wbqvMi wb`k c`vb KiQb, hviv wbRì vb, eyw I
weeKi AvjvK G welq weavb c`vb Kieb| GQvov Abvb vb RvMwZK welqvw`Z gvbylìK weavb c`vbi
.c
wb`k Ìqv nqQ|144
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, nvwKg ev nvKvg gnvb Avjvni cwe YevPK bvgmg~ni AbZg| Gwj Zuvi
st
ie~weqvZi Yvewji AbZg| Ze Bjvn A_ nvwKg ev weavb`vZv bq| Bjvn A_ gve~`| Avgiv GKUz ci Bev`Z I
tru
AvbyMZi cv_K AvjvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn| Bev`Z welqK wkiK-Kzdi Avi Kzg welqK wkiK-Kzdi GK bq| Kzg
welqK wkiK-Kzdi mK Avwg KziAvb-mybvni AvjvK Bmjvgx AvKx`v M AvjvPbv KiwQ|145
ah
Bmjvg Avjvn Qvov KvDK Kvbvfve Bev`Z Kivi ev Bev`Z MnYi AbygwZ Ìqv nq wb| Avjvni c _K,
Avjvni cwZwbwa wnme, Aab wnme ev Ab Kvbvfve KD Bev`Z cZ cvi bv ev gve~` nZ cvi bv| wK
nn
Avjvni c _K ev wbRi ^KxqZvi mv_ Ab KD nvwKg nZ cvi ev Kzg w`Z cvi|

gvbylK Kzg Ìqvi gZv c`vb, ivRZ cwZv, evBZzj gvji m` kvmKi h_Q AwaKvi c`vb BZvw`
u
KziAvb weivax ev gvbe iwPZ AvBbi KviY LvwiRxMY Avjx (iv), gy Avweqv (iv) I cieZx kvmKìK Kvwdi ejQ|
ss
Abyicfve Kix I Zvi Abymvixiv Dcwbek-Di gymwjg `kwji kvmKìK Bmjvg-weivax AvBb cPjbi Rb
Kvwdi ej NvlYv Ki|
.a
wgkii mKj cwm Avwjg Gì G mKj K_vi wevw mK RbMYK mPZb Kib| Zuvì AbZg wQjb
BLIqvbyj gymwjgxb msMVbi bZv nvmvb `vBex| Zvì eei mvi msc wbgic146:
w
c_gZ: gvbyli Rb AvBb iPbv wbwl bq| Avjvni `xb mKj hyMi mKj `ki mKj gvbyli Rb| GRb Gi
w
ga evcK ckZv `vb KiQb Avjvn| mywbw` wKQz wewaweavb I g~j bxwZ Qvov evwK mKj `k, RvwZ I hyMi
w
cvcU cqvRbxq AvBbKvbyb I wewaweavb Zwii myhvM I wb`k Avjvn gvbylìK c`vb KiQb|
wZxqZ: gvbe iwPZ mKj AvBbB Bmjvg weivax bq| gymwjg `kwjZ wKQz JcwbewkK AvBb-Kvbyb iqQ
hwj Bmjvg weivax, GQvov AwaKvsk AvBb I wePvicwZ Bmjvg mZ|
ZZxqZ: Avjvni AeZxY weavb gZ dqmvjv bv KivK Kzdix ejv njI KziAvb Avjvni weavbi wecixZ
dqmvjvKvixKI gywgb ejv nqQ| mvnvexMY I gymwjg Dvni AvwjgMY ejb h, hw` Kvbv ew Bmjvgx weavbvbymvi
wePvi Kiv AcqvRbxq A_ev Bmjvgx AvBbK APj ev evwZj gb Kib Ze wZwb Kvwdi ej MY neb| cvi wZwb
hw` Bmjvgi wb`kK mwVK RbI AZv, fq, jvf, evaevaKZv ev Abyic Kvbv RvMwZK KviY Bmjvg weivax
dqmvjv `b Ze Zv Kzdix ej MY ne bv|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 72
hgb, g` Bmjvg nvivg I g`cvb cgvwYZ nj evNvZi weavb Ìqv nqQ| KD hw` Bmjvgi weavb Rvbvi
ciI g` ea gb Kib A_ev g`cvbi Rb kvw c`vbK AvcwKi ev AgvbweK gb Kib Ze wZwb Kvwdi ej MY
ne| cvi hw` KD gì AeaZv wekvm Kib Ges g`cvbi Rb kvw ÌqvB mwVK ej gb Kib, wK cPwjZ
AvBb myhvM bv _vKvq BQv _vKv mI g`cvbKvixK kvw w`Z AcviM nb, A_ev RvMwZK Kvbv cvw, jvf ev
^v_i Rb kvw bv `b Ze wZwb cvcx ej MY neb|
AvBb cYqbi I welqwU GKB iKg| KD hw` Bmjvgi weavbK APj, AvcwKi ev AgvbweK gb Ki Zv
iwnZ Ki AvBb cYqb Ki Ze Zv Kzdix| A_ev KD hw` gb Kib h, Avjvn h weavbB c`vb Kib bv Kb,
Avgvì AwaKvi AvQ Avjvni nvivgK nvjvj Kiv ev nvjvjK nvivg Kiv, Ze wZwbI Kvwdi ej MY neb| Avi hw`
KD Bmjvgi weavb mK AZvi KviY, ev Bmjvgi weavbK mwVK wekvm Kiv mI JcwbewkK kvmbvgj cPwjZ
Bmjg weivax AvBbwj ewMZ ev `jMZ Amyweav ev ^v_ cwieZb bv Kib Ze wZwb cvcx ej MY neb|
PZz_Z : AvaywbK wewfb ivRbwZK gZev`- hgb mgvRZ, MYZ, agwbicZvev`, mvgev`, RvZxqZvev`
BZvwì ga Bmjvgx wekvmi mv_ mvsNwlK welqvw` iqQ| Avevi G mKj gZevì ga Bmjvg mgw_Z AbK welq
AvQ|
AZv I AveMi KviY Avayw bK ivRbwZK gZev`K Kzdix ejvi GKwU D`vniY MYZ-K Kzdix gZev`
ej AvLvwqZ Kiv| Bmjvg I MYZ Dfq welqi cMvp AZvB Gic gZcKvki KviY| MYZi cqvM wewfb `k
om
wewfb iKg njI MYZi g~j ciYv Bmjvgi| MYZ Bmjvgi k~iv ev civgk eevi eve cqvMi GKwU c_| Ze
Bmjvgi wb`k evwZj ev cwieZb Kivi gZv MYcwZwbwaì AvQ ej wekvm Kiv Kzdi| Avgiv cieZx AvjvPbvq
`Le h, Bmjvg h iveev w`qQ ZvK AvaywbK cwifvlvq MYZvwK ejv Qvov Kvbv Dcvq bB|
.c
Avjvn gvbeRvwZK RvwZ I Mv wef KiQb cwiPqi Rb| RvwZi cwZ cg, `vwqZeva I RvZxq cwiPqi Mie
st
A_ RvZxqZvev` Bmjgi mv_ mvsNwlK bq| gvbyl wcZvgvZvK hgb fvjevm, Zgwb fvjevm wbRi `k I RvwZK|
tru
wcZvgvZv ev `kRvwZi cwZ fvjevmv Avjvn, Zuvi ivm~j ( ) I Bmjvgi cwZ fvjevmvi Aivq bq| Ze hw` hw` KD
wcZvgvZv ev `kRvwZi fvjevmv I cwiPqK Avjvn, Zuvi ivm~j ( ) I Bmjvgi cwZ fvjevmv I Bmjvgx cwiPqi Pq eo
ah
gb Ki Ze Zv Zvi Cgvbi mv_ mvsNwlK|

agwicZvi `ywU w`K iqQ| c_gZ, mKj agi gvbyli agxq ^vaxbZv I elgnxb bvMwiK AwaKvi wbwZ
nn
Kiv| wZxqZ, agK mKj ivxq KgKv _K wewQb Kiv Ges bvqwePvi, ckvmb, A_ I ivmswk agxq weavbwj
evwZj, APj ev cqvMAhvM ej wekvm Kiv| c_g welqwU Bmjvg wb`wkZ I Bmjvgx iveevi g~j bxwZ I wZxq
u
welqwU Bmjvgx wekvmi mv_ mvsNwlK I Kzdi|

ss
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, wewfb AvaywbK ivRbwZK ev ivxq gZevì ga fvj I g` iqQ| Gwji ga
we`gvb Bmjvgx g~jeva weivax welqvwì mgvjvPbv Kiv gyw gbi `vwqZ| wK Gwji KviY mywbw`fve Kvbv ew
.a
ev MvxK Kvwdi ejv gywgbi Rb fqi welq| gymwjg Dvni `xN BwZnvm G aibi gZevì PqI my Kzd ix
gZev` wekvm vcbKvix ew ev wdiKvKI mvnvex-ZvweqxMY I g~javivi AvwjgMY Kvwdi ej MY Kib wb| hZY
w
ch evLv Ki njI KvDK gywgb ejv myhvM iqQ ev evLv Ki njI Zvi Kzdix K_v ev gZK Kzdix bq ej MY
w
Kivi myhvM iqQ ZZY Zviv KvDK Kvwdi ejb wb|147

w
mKj whwb wbRK gymwjg ej `vwe KiQb, Zvi Bmjvg weivax KvRi KviY ZvK Kvwdi ejv hvq bv|
wZwb hw` Ggb KvR Kib, K_v ejb ev gZ MnY Kib hv Kzdix nZ cvi Avevi cvcI nZ cvi, Ze KvRwUK cvc
ejB gb KiZ ne, Kzdix gb Kiv hve bv, hZY bv wZwb wbR fve Zvi Kzdixi K_v NvlYv Kieb| GgbwK
Zvi gybvwdKx ev wg_vPvi eySv MjI mB eyS viv Zvi mK weavb c`vb Kiv hve bv, eis Zvi evwnK K_vi DciB
wbfi KiZ ne|148
mevcwi, iv, miKvi, kvmK, wePviK ev Kvbv ewK Kvwdi ejv ev Zvi KgK Kzdix ejv GK K_v Avi ZvK
kvw Ìqv, wePvi Kiv ev Kvbvfve AvBb nvZ Zzj bIqv Ab K_v| `yGi ga Avmgvb I hwgbi `~iZ| GKgv
iv Qvov KD wePvi KiZ cvi bv ev kvw w`Z cvi bv| iv Zvi G `vwqZ cvjb Aenjv Kij ew ev `j m Rb
ivK Avnvb Kie, `vwe Kie I cwieZbi Pv Kie, wK KLbvB AvBb nvZ Zzj wbZ cvie bv|
3. 8. 4. AvbyMZ ebvg Bev`Z
Bjvn A_ Kzg`vZv ej `vwe Kivi Aci w`K njv Kzg gvbv ev AvbyMZ KivKB Bev`Z ej `vwe Kiv| cvPxb I
AvaywbK LvwiRxMY `vwe Kib h, Kzg c`vbB Dj~wnqvZ Ges Kzg gvbvB Bev`Z| KvRB Avjvn Qvov Kviv Kzg gvbv
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 73

I AvbyMZ Kiv wkiK| GRb G mKj Kvwdi miKvii AvbyMZKvix mKj bvMwiKB Kvwdi|
Zviv `vwe Kib h, AvbyMZB h Bev`Z Zv KziAvbi wewfb AvqvZ _K Rvbv hvq| hgb Avjvn ejQb:

Zviv Avjvn eZxZ Zvì cwZMYK Ges msmvi-weivMxMYK ie-gvwjK ic MnY KiQ, Ges gwiqg Zbq
gvmxnKI| wK Zviv ay GK Bjvni Bev`Z Kivi Rb Avw` nqwQj| wZwb eZxZ Kvbv Bjvn bB| Zviv hv kwiK
Ki Zv _K wZwb KZ cwe!149
G AvqvZ _K Rvbv hvq h, Bn~`x-LvbMY Zvì cwZ I ìekMYK Avjvn Qvov ie wnme MnY Ki Ges
Zvì Bev`Z Ki| nv`xmi AvjvK Rvbv hvq h, Zviv cwZ-ìekì c~Rv-APbv ev mvR`v-cv_bv Ki wb| eis
Zviv Zvì AvbyMZ KiQ|
ZvBd Beby AvBDb bvgK wZxq kZKi GKRb cvq AvZ- cwiPq Zvwe-Zvweqx ejb, cwm Zvweqx gymAve
Beby mv` Beby Avex Iqvvm (103 wn) ZvK ejQb, mvnvex Av`x Beby nvwZg (iv) ejb,
) (

om
Avwg bjvg ivm~jyjvn m~iv ZvIevq cvV KiQb: Zviv Avjvn eZxZ Zvì cwZMYK Ges msmvi-weivMxMYK
.c
ie-gvwjK ic MnY KiQ| wZwb ejjb, Bn~`x-LvbMY Zvì (Avwjg-ìekì) Bev`Z KiZ bv eU, wK Zviv hLb
Zvì Rb Kvbv wKQz nvjvj Ki w`Z, ZLb Zviv ZvK nvjvj ej gb wbZ| Avi Zviv hLb Zvì Dci Kvbv wKQz nvivg
st
Ki w`Z, ZLb Zviv Zv nvivg ej gb wbZ|150
tru
Bgvg Zvevix Zuvi Zvdmxi ZvBdi m~ nv`xmwU msKjb KiQb| Zvi eYbvq nv`xmwUi fvlv wbgic:

ah

nn
ivm~jjy v n -K D AvqvZwU cvV KiZ b Avwg ejjvg, n Avjvni ivm~j, Avgiv Zv Zvì Bev`Z Kwi bv!
wZwb ejb, Avjvn hv nvjvj KiQb Zviv Zv Zvgvì Rb nvivg Kij Zvgiv wK Zv nvivg ej wekvm Ki bv? Avi
u
Avjvn hv nvivg KiQb Zviv Zv nvjvj Kij Zvgiv wK Zv nvjvj ej gb bvI bv? Avwg ejjvg, nuv| wZwb ejb, G-
ss
B Zvì Bev`Z Kiv|151

Zviv ejb, G _K myfve eySv hvq h AvbyMZB Bev`Z| Avjvni AvBbi ewZg ev wecixZ AvBb
.a
c`vbKvixi AvbyMZ KijB wkiK ne|

w
GLvb jYxq h, nv`xmwUi mb` `yej| Bgvg wZiwghx nv`xmwU DZ Ki ejb, G nv`xmwU Mixe, ... ZvBd
Beby AvBDb nv`xm eYbvq cwiwPZ bq|152
w
G A_ mvnvexMY _K Zvdmxi ewYZ nqQ| hvBdv (iv), Beby Avevm (iv) cgyL mvnvex ejQb, Bn~`x-Lvbì
w
cwZ-ìekMY hLb Avjvni weavb D nvjvjK nvivg I nvivgK nvjvj KiZ ZLb Zviv Zv gb wbZ| Avi G AvbyMZB
wQj Zvì ie gvbv|153
gnvb Avjvn Ab AvqvZ ejQb:

hvZ Avjvni bvg bIqv nq wb Zvi wKQzB fY Kiv bv| Zv AekB cvc| kqZvb Zvi ezìK Zvgvì mv_
weev` KiZ civPbv `q; hw` Zvgi Zvì AvbyMZ Ki Ze Zvgiv AekB gykwiK ne|154
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 74

Zvì gZ G AvqvZ cgvY Ki h, AvbyMZB wkiK; KviY Avjvn ejQb, Zvgiv Zvì AvbyMZ Kij gykwiK
nq hve|
Zvì G mKj cgvYi wevw eySZ nj KziAvbi AvjvK Bev`Zi A_ eySZ ne| GLvb wbgi welqwj
jYxq:
(K) KziAvb evisevi DjL Kiv nqQ h, Bev`Z Ggb GKwU Kg hv Kvbv AevZB Avjvn Qvov Kviv Rb
Kiv hve bv| Avjvn Qvov Ab KD Bev`Z cvIqvi hvMZv ivLb ej wekvm KivB wkiK| cieZx AbyQ` ZvM~Z
welqK AvqvZwj _K Avgiv RvbZ cvie h, Cgvbi wfwB njv GKgv AvjvnKB Bev`Zi hvM ej wekvm Kiv
Ges Avjvn Qvov Ab Kviv Bev`Z cvIqvi hvMZv AvQ Zv A^xKvi Kiv| mKj hyM mKj bex-ivm~j Zvi DvZK G
ZvInxì `vIqvZ w`qQb| GRb wewfb kixqZ wewa-weavbi cv_K _vKjI G welq Kvbv cv_K wQj bv| Kvbv
kixqZB Avjvn Qvov Ab Kviv Bev`Zi AbygwZ Ìqv nq wb| Avjvn Qvov Kviv mvb mvjvZ Av`vq, Ab Kviv
Dk Kzievbx, DrmM ev ewj Ìqv, Ab Kviv KvQ cv_bv Kiv, Ab Kviv Dci wbfi Kiv, c~Rv-APbv Kiv BZvw`
mKj kixqZB wbwl| cvi Avjvn Qvov Abi AvbyMZi AbygwZ I wb`k mKj kixqZB c`vb Kiv nqQ| Avi
h Kg Avjvn Qvov Ab Kviv Rb cvjbi AbygwZ c`vb Kiv nqQ Zv mivmwi Bev`Z nZ cvi bv| Ze wekl Aevq
ev wekl wekvmi mv_ Zv Bev`Z ej MY nZ cvi|
(L) Bev`Z kwU AvwfavwbKfve Ave` ev `vm k _K MnxZ| `vmZ ejZ De~w`qvZ I Bev`Z `ywU k
om
eeZ nq| De~w`qvZ eeZ nq jwKK ev RvMwZK `vmZi | Avi Bev`Z eySvbv nq AjwKK I ARvMwZK
`vmZi | mKj hyM mKj `ki gvbylB Rxeb, gZz BZvw` AwZcwiwPZ ki gZB Bev`Z ki A_
^vfvweKfveB eyS| gvbyl Ab gvbyli `vm nZ cvi ev `vmZ KiZ cvi, Ze m Ab h Kvbv mvi Bev`Z Ki
.c
bv| ay gv hvi ga P~ov gZv, BQv KijB gj Kivi ev Agj Kivi ev Zv iva Kivi megq ev wekl kw ev
st
AjwKK AwZcvKwZK gZv Kbv Ki ZviB Bev`Z Ki|
tru
cwm fvlvwe` ivwMe Bmcvnvbx (502 wn) ejb:
( )
ah
De~w`qvZ (slavery, serfdom, bondage) njv webq-fw ev wbRi nxbZ-QvUZ cKvk Kiv| Avi Bev`Z
(worship, veneration) Gi PqI AwaK Mfxi A_vcK| KviY Bev`Z njv P~ov fw-webq ev nxbZ cKvk, whwb
nn
P~ov Kg-gZv I `qvi gvwjK wZwb Qvov KD G P~ov fw-webq cvIqvi hvMZv ivLb bv|155
Abvb AvwjgI Abyic msv c`vb KiQb| Zvì fvlvq:
u

ss
Bev`Zi AvwfavwbK A_ njv, P~ov fw-webq, AmnvqZ I gyLvcwZ|156

(M) P~ov webq, AmnvqZ I fw cKvk Ki P~ov gZv I KiYvi AwaKvixi Rb h Kg Kiv nq Zv wewfb
.a
chvqi| Zvi KvQ hgb cv_bv Kiv nq Zgwb Zvi cksmvI Kiv nq| meB Bev`Z| Avjvni mwi Rb gvbyl hv wKQz
w
Ki meB Bev`Z ej MY| GRb Bev`Zi evLvq ejv nq:

w

Avjvn fvjevmb Gic mKj K_v, evwnK Kg I nvw`K ev gvbwmK Kg me wKQzB Bev`Zi Afy|157
w
Ze me Kg GK chvqi bq| wKQz Kg AvQ hv gvbyl Bev`Z wnmeB Ki| h mvi Gic P~ov gZv I
AvwacZ AvQ ZvKB Zv c`vb Ki| mKj mgvRi mKj fvlvi gvbylB Gwj Rvbb| c~Rv, APbv, ewj, Kzievbx, gvbZ,
cv_bv BZvw` G RvZxq Kg| Gwj ay AvwKMY-B Kib, bvwKMY Kib bv| AvwK ew Zvi wekvm Abymvi h
mvi ga AjwKK ev HkwiK gZv AvQ ej wekvm Kib Zvi RbB Kib| Gwj meB P~ov fw ev
Bev`Z|
cvkvcvwk wKQz Kg AvQ hv gvbyl Bev`Z wnme Ki, Avevi RvMwZKfveI Ki| hgb cksmv Kiv, fq Kiv,
AvbyMZ Kiv BZvw`| Gwj gvbyl RvMwZKfve Ab gvbyli Rb Ki| Avevi Zvi gve~` ev c~wRZ mvi RbI Ki|
G mKj Kg AvwK I bvwK mKjB Kib| AvwK ew Zvi Dcvm-K Dk KiI Kib Avevi RvMwZK ezeve
I iRbì DkI Kib| bvwK ew Zvi ezeve I iRbì Dk G mKj Kg Kib|
Bmjvgi `wZ c_g cKvii Kg Avjvn Qvov Ab Kviv Rb KivB wkiK| hgb Avjvn Qvov Ab Kviv Rb
mvR`v, gvbZ, ewj, DrmM, RevB BZvw` Kiv| Gwj KD Avjvn Qvov Ab Kviv Rb Kij Zv wkiK ej MY ne|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 75

KviY Kviv wfZi CkiZ (divinity, holiness, sacredness, sanctity) HkwiK gZv, P~ov AvwacZ, AcwZiva
gZv, AjwKK kw BZvw` Kbv bv Kij KD Zvi Rb Gic Kg Ki bv| Ze Cgvbi `vwe`vi KD Zv Kij Zvi
KvRK wkiK ev Kzdi ejv njI ZvK mivmwi Kvwdi ev gykwiK ejv ne bv| eis m AZvi KviY, fyj Ki ev eva
nq KiQ wKbv RvbZ ne Ges Zvi evLvB MnxZ ne|
(N) cvkvcvwk AbK Kg iqQ hv P~ov chvq Bev`Z ej MY njI mvaviY fve Bev`Z bq| AvbyMZ, fq,
fvjevmv BZvw` G chvqi| fq Avjvni Bev`Z| KziAvb-nv`xm evisevi AvjvnK fq Kivi wb`k Ìqv nqQ| ay
ZvB bq, Dci Kejgv AvjvnK fq KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ Ges Avjvn Qvov KvDK fq KiZ wbla Kiv nqQ|
wK Gi gvb G bq h, Avjvn Qvov Ab KvDK fq Kiv wkiK| gnvb Avjvn ejb:

Zzwg Zvgvi Ai hv Mvcb KiQ Avjvn Zv cKvk Ki w`Qb; Zzwg gvbylìK fq KiQ, A_P AvjvKB fq
Kiv Zvgvi c AwaKZi msMZ|158
KDB Kbv Kieb bv h, ivm~jyjvn gvbylK fq Ki wkiK wj nqwQjb| eZ, gvbyl cvKwZKfve gvbyyl
I Abvb mwK fq cvq| GZ wkiK ne ej ej KD gb Kie bv| GgbwK gvbyli fq, Ai fq ev cvY
euvPvbvi Rb Avjvni weavbi weivwaZv KivKI KD wkiK ejeb bv| mevcwi gvbyli fq ev Rxeb euvPvZ my
om
wkiK KijI ZvK wkiK ej MY Kiv ne bv| fq Bev`Z nIqvi A_ njv, ay P~ov chvqi AjwKK, Acvw_e ev
Avjvni gZ Ab KvDK fq cvIqvB wkiK ej MY ne|
G chvqi fq g~jZ Kgi mv_ m bq, wekvmi mv_ m| Avjvni gZ AgyKK fq cvQ ejjB wkiK
.c
nq bv| eis Kvb& wekvmi wfwZ m fq cvQ ZvB weeP| gyjZ wekvmB wkiK, Kg bq| KD hw` Avjvn Qvov Ab
st
mvK Avjvni gZ AcwZiva gZvi AwaKvix ev KjvY-AKjvYi gvwjK, RvMwZK wbqgi evBi AjwKKfve BQv
KijB fvj-g` KiZ mg A_ev ev Kvbvfve Avjvni gZvi Askx`vi ej wekvm Ki Ze Zv wkiK ne| G
tru
wekvmRvZ fqi KviY hw` m ivvi Wvb _K evg Pj hvq ZeyI Zv wkiK| Avi hw` gvbexq fqi KviY m Avjvni
weavbi m~Y jNb Ki wkiK wj nq, ZeyI Zv wkiK ej MY ne bv|
ah
KvRB fq-Gi Kg bq wekvmB weeP| RevB, DrmM, cv_bv, mvR`v ev gvbZi hgb KgB g~jZ
wkiK cgvY Ki, evLv Zv `~ixf~Z ev wbwZ Ki, fq-Gi welqwU Dv| Kg KLbvB wkiK cgvY Ki bv| Kviv
nn
Kvbv cwigvYi fq `LB G K_v ejv hvq bv h, jvKwUi Kg wkiK, A_ev jvKwU Kvwdi ev gykwiK| Ze hw`
jvKwUi ee viv Zvi wkiKx wekvm cgvwYZ nq Ze Zv wkiK ej MY ne|
u
(O) AvbyMZI fq, fvjevmv BZvw` Kgi gZ Kg| KvDK Avjvni gZ P~ov ckvZxZ megq AvbyMZi hvM I
ss
P~ov gZvi AwaKvix ej wekvm Ki Zvi AvbyMZ KijB ay Zv wkiK ej MY ne| g~jZ wekvmB wkiK, Kg bq|
GBic wekvm wbq hw` Kviv Kzg gZ Bmjvg-Abygvw`Z ea KgI Ki ZeyI Zv wkiK| Avi hw` gvbexq fvjevmv, fq,
.a
jvf BZvw` KviY Kviv wb`k gZ Avjvni weavbi weivax KvR Ki ZeyI Zv wkiK ej MY ne bv| Avgiv `LwQ
w
h, Gic fqRwbZ AvbyMZi wfwZ wkiK ev Kzdix Kg wj njI Zv wkiK-Kzdi ej MY ne bv|

(P) Bn~`x-Lvbì AvbyMZ wQj wkiK chvqi AvbyMZ| AZxZ Ges eZgvbI Zviv Zvì cwZ, cvìx,
w
agi ev cvcì HkwiK cweZv (divinity, holiness, sanctity) I AvZv (infallibility) ev BmgZ'-
w
G wekvm Ki| Zviv wekvm Ki h, agM wK AvQ Zv weeP bq, eis cwe-AvZvq c~Y nq ag iMY hv evLv wèb
ZvB P~ov| Bn~`x-Lvb agi BwZnvmi mv_ cwiwPZ mKjB Zv Rvbb|
Dchy nv`xmwj _K eySv hvq h, Zvì wkiK wQj wekvm, Kg bq| cvìx-cvc hv nvjvj ev nvivg ej
NvlYv KiZ Zviv Zv nvjvj ev nvivg ej wekvm KiZ; KviY Zviv Zvì cweZvq (holiness, sacredness,
sanctity) wekvm KiZ| G wQj Zvì wkiK| Zviv m nvivgK eRb KiZv wKbv ev nvjvjK cvjb KiZv wK bv Zv
weeP bq|
Gic AvbyMZi cvkvcvwk Bn~`x-LvbMY agi I ìekì Bev`ZI KiZ| Zviv ZvìK AjwKK gZvi
AwaKvix ej wekvm KiZ, Zvì ei jvfi Rb Zvì mvR`v KiZ, AbKi g~wZ evwbq mLvb gvbZ, DrmM, mvR`v
BZvwì gvag Zvì Bev`Z KiZ|
(Q) kqZvbi ez ev gykwiKì AvbyMZi welqwUI GKBic| GLvb AvbyMZ Kg bq, wekvm| GLvb AvbyMZ
njv gZ cvYxi gvsm fY ea ej wekvm Kiv|
gnvb Avjvn wb`k w`jb, Avjvni bvg wbq RevB Kiv nqwb Ggb ci gvsm fY Kiv nvivg| kqZvb Zvi
eìK ciYv w`j G weavb mwVK bq ej cgvY Ki gymwjgì Zvì `j bIqvi Rb| Zvì hyw wQj, Avgiv
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 76

wbRiv hv nZv Kwi Zv LvIqv ea Avi Avjvn hv nZv Kib (^vfvweK gZzeiY Ki) Zv LvIqv Aea nq wKfve? G
hyw viv cgvwYZ nq h, Avjvn hv nZv KiQb, A_vr hv Avjvni bvg wbq RevB Kiv nq wb, eis ^vfvweKfve gZzeiY
KiQ Zv fY Kiv ea| gymwjgìK Avjvn Rvbvb h Zvgiv hw` Zvì G gZ gb bvI Ges gZcvYxi gvsm fY
ea ej wekvm Ki Ze ZvgivI Zvì gZ gykwiK nq hve|
G AvqvZi A_ G bq h, KD hw` eva nq, jvf co ev Ab Kvbv KviY Kvbv Kvwdii wb`k gvb Ki
gZcvYxi gvsm fY Ki Ze m gykwiK nq hve| Gi A_, KD hw` gykwiKì `wjj-cgvY I hywZ cfvweZ nq
Zvì gZwUK mwVK ej gb bq ev Zvì wekvm MnY Ki Ze eve gZcvYxi gvsm fY KiK A_ev bv KiK
m gykwiK ej MY ne|159
3. 8. 5. ZvZ eRb I Awekvm
ZvZ Awekvm I eRb welqK AvqvZwjK RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb bZe` Zvì gZi c cgvY wnme ck
KiZb| ZvZ kwU KziAvb 8 vb eeZ nqQ|160 BZvc~e GKwU AvqvZ `LwQ h Avjvn ejQb: `xb
Kvbv Rei`w bB| ... h ZvM~ZK Awekvm Kie Ges AvjvnK wekvm Kie m Ggb GK gheyZ nvZj aie hv
KLbv fve bv| Ab Avjvn ejb:

om

.c
Zzwg wK `L wb ZvìK hviv `vwe Ki h, Zvgvi cwZ hv AeZxY nqQ Ges Zvgvi c~e hv AeZxY nqQ Zv
st
Zviv wekvm Ki, A_P Zviv ZvM~Zi KvQ wePvicv _x nZ Pvq, hwÌ Zvì wb`k Ìqv nqQ ZvM~ZK Awekvm Kivi
Avi kqZvb Pvq ZvìK wflYfve c_ KiZ? ZvìK hLb ejv nq Avjvn hv AeZxY KiQb Zvi w`K Ges
tru
ivm~ji w`K Gm, ZLb gybvwdKìK Zzwg Zvgvi wbKU nZ gyL GKevi wdwiq wbZ `Le|161
gnvb Avjvn Aviv ejb:
ah

nn
Avjvni Bev`Z Kivi Ges ZvM~ZK eRb Kivi wb`k w`q Avwg cZK RvwZi ga ivm~j ciY KiwQ| 162
GLvb ZvZK eRb Kiv ejZ ZvZi Bev`Z eRb Kiv eySvbv nqQ| G welq gnvb Avjvn Aviv ejQb:
u

ss
hviv ZvM~Zi Bev`Z Kiv eRb Ki Ges Avjvn AwfgyLx nq, Zvì Rb iqQ mymsev`|163
.a
ZvM~Z kwU Aviex ZzMBqvb k _K MnY Kiv nqQ, hvi A_ mxgvjNb Kiv| AevaZv, Ryjyg ev Abvqi
w
mxgv jNbKvixK ZvMx ev mxgvjNbKvix ejv nq| AZwaK mxgjNbKvixK ZvwMqvn ev ZvM~Z ejv nq|
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, AvwfavwbKfve ZvM~Z A_ gnv-mxgvjNbKvix|164
w
AvwfavwbKfve mKj mxgvjNbKvix ev AevaK ZvM~Z ev ZvwMqvn ejv hvq| wK ck njv KziAvbi cwifvlvq
w
G gnv-mxgvjNbKvix K, KvwdiMY hvK wekvm Ki Ges hvi c_ hy Ki, Avi hvK Awekvm I hvi Bev`Z eRb Kiv
gywgbi Cgvbi AweQ` Ask? hvi KvQ wePvi cv _bv Kiv gybvwdKì Kg?
ZvZi wbKU wePvicv_bv welqK AvqvZi evLvq Bgvg eyLvix ejb:

... ...
Rvwei (iv) ejb, Zviv h mKj ZvM~Zi wbKU wePvi cv_bv KiZ Zvi GKRb wQj RynvBbv Mv, GKRb wQj
Avmjvg Mv Ges cZK MvB MYK-cyivwnZ wQj hvì Dci kqZvb AeZxY nZv| Dgvi Bebyj Lvve (iv)
ejQb, ZvM~Z A_ kqZvb| BKwigv ejQb, ZvM~Z A_ Kvwnb ev MYK-cyivwnZ| 165
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 77

Bgvg gynvv` Beby Rvixi Zvevix (310 wn) Zuvi Zvdmxi wewfb mb` gydvmwmi mvnvex I ZvweqxMY _K
ZvM~Zi evLvq wZbwU gZ DjL KiQb| mvnvex Dgvi (iv), Zvweqx gyRvwn`, kvex, KvZv`vn, `vn&nvK, myx cgyL
gydvm&wmi ejb, ZvM~Z A_ kqZvb| Zvweqx Aveyj Avwjqvn I gynvv` Beby wmixb ejb, ZvM~Z A_ hv`yKi| mvnvex
Rvwei (iv), Zvweqx mvC` Beby RyevBi, idvB, Beby RyivBR cgyL gydvm&wmi ejQb, ZvM~Z A_ Kvwnb ev MYK-
cyivwnZ|166
KziAvb wewfb vb ZvM~Z kwUi eenvii ga Zzjbv Kij c_g evLvwUi kwkvjx ej cZxqgvb nq| Avjvn
ejb:

hviv Cgvb GbQ Avjvn Zvì AwffveK| wZwb ZvìK AKvi _K ei Ki AvjvZ wbq hvb| Avi hviv Kzdix
KiQ Zvì AwffveK ZvM~Z| Zviv ZvìK Avjv _K AKvi wbq hvq| 167
Ab gnvb Avjvn ejb:

om
hviv Cgvb`vi Zviv Avjvni ivvq hy Ki| Avi hviv Kzdix KiQ Zviv ZvM~Zi c_ hy Ki| AZGe Zvgiv
kqZvbi ezì wei hy Ki; kqZvbi Kkj AekB `yej|168
.c
G `ywU AvqvZ ZB ZvZ ejZ kqZvb eySvbv nqQ| c_g AvqvZ DjL Kiv nqQ h, Kvwdiì ez
st
ZvM~Z Ges cii AvqvZ ejv nqQ h, KvwdiMY kqZvbi e| G_K Z eySv hvq h, ZvM~Z I kqZvb GKB A_
tru
eeZ nqQ| GQvov wZxq AvqvZ ZvM~Z I kqZvb kqi eenvi _K eySv hvq h, `ywU viv GKB A_ eySvbv
nqQ| A_vr KvwdiMY ZvM~Zi c_ hy Ki, KvRB Zvgiv ZvM~Zi ezì wei hy Ki|
ah
Beby Kvmxi ejb, ZvM~Zi A_ kqZvb ejv AZ Rvivjv gZ| KviY gywZ, , cv_i, MvQcvjv BZvwì c~Rv,
Gwji KvQ wePvi PvIqv, Gwji Rb jovB Kiv BZvw` Rvwnjx hyMi mKj AKjvYi Drm njv kqZvb| KvRB GK K_vq
mKj A_ Gm hvq|169
nn
nv`xm kixd g~wZ-cwZgvK ZvM~Z ev ZvwMqvn ejv nqQ| è-èxi bvg kc_i wblavvi welq ivm~jyjvn
u
ejQb,
ss
)(
.a
Zvgiv ZvZì bvg kc_ Kie bv Ges Zvgvì wcZvì bvg kc_ Kie bv|170
Ave~ ivBiv (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ejQb,
w
)(
w
wKqvgZi c~eB `vIm Mvi gwnjvì wbZ^ `vIm Mvi ZvwMqvn hyj Lvjvmv cwZgvi wbKU Av`vwjZ
171
ne|
Dcii AvqvZwjZ Avgiv `LwQ h, gnvb Avjvn Cgvbi `ywU Ask DjL KiQb: AvjvnK wekvm Kiv Ges
ZvM~ZK Awekvm Kiv| Avi G A_ Ab ejv nqQ h, Avjvni Bev`Z KiZ ne Ges ZvM~Zi Bev`Z eRb KiZ
ne| G A_ GKwU nv`xm cwYavb hvM| ZvwiK Beby AvkBqvg (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ejQb,
.
hw` KD jv Bjvnv Bjvjv ej Ges Avjvn Qvov hv wKQz Bev`Z Kiv nq Zv Awekvm Ki, Ze Zvi i I
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 78

m` wbwl ne, Zvi wnmve ne Avjvni Dci|172
Dcii AvqvZwji mv_ G nv`xmi A_ mg^q Kij eySv hvq h, ZvM~Z ejZ Avjvn Qvov hv wKQz Bev`Z Kiv nq
eySvbv nqQ| cieZx hyMi AbK gydvmwmi G cKvii evLv c`vb KiQb| Bgvg gvwjK (179 wn) _K ewYZ, AvjvnK
Qvov hvKB Bev`Z Kiv nq mB ZvM~Z|173 Bgvg Zvevix (310 wn) G A_B mwVK ej DjL KiQb|174 Kvbv Kvbv
gydvmwmi ejb, Avjvn Qvov hvi Bev`Z Kiv nq A_ev Avjvni weivwaZvq hvi AvbyMZ Kiv nq mB ZvM~Z|175
GLvb jYxq h, Avjvn Qvov hvì Bev`Z Kiv nqQ Ges nQ Zvì ga iqQb Cmv, DhvBi, BqvM~m,
BqvDK, bmi I Abvb bex, Ijx I wdwikZvMY| GìK Zv ZvM~Z ejv hvq bv| Zvnj gydvmwmiì G evLv wKfve
MnY Kiv hve? G Zviv ejQb h, hviv Bev`Z MnY Zz ZvìKB ZvM~Z ejv ne; KviY Zviv Avjvni
AevaZvq gnv-mxgvjNbKvix| A_ev Bev`ZKvixì Kgi wfwZ ZvìK ZvM~Z ejv ne| A_vr Bev`ZKvixMY
Zvì Bev`Z Ki gnv-mxgvjNbKvixZ cwiYZ nqQ|176
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, Cgvbi AweQ` Ask AvjvnK wekvm Kiv Ges Zuvi Bev`Z Kiv Ges ZvM~ZK Awekvm
Kiv Ges ZvM~Zi Bev`Z eRb Kiv| kqZvbB G ZvM~Z| GQvov kqZvbi wb`k Avjvn Qvov hv wKQz Bev`Z Kiv nqQ
meB ZvM~Z| gywgbi `vwqZ Bev`Zi AwaKvi GKgv AvjvniB ej wekvm Kiv, ay AvjvniB Bev`Z Kiv, Avjvn Qvov
Avi Kvbv wKQzi Bev`Z MnYi AwaKvi Awekvm Kiv Ges Ges Ab wKQzi Bev`Z eRb Kiv| Avjvni hv AeZxY KiQb
Zv Ges Zuvi ivm~j ( )-K cwiZvM Ki Ab agi MYK-cyivwnZi wbKU wePvi cv_bv Kiv ev Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~ji
om
( ) wePviK AMnYhvM weePbv Ki Ab Kviv KvQ wePvi cv_bv Kiv gybvwdKì Kg, hv KLbvB Kvbv gywgb KiZ
cvib bv|
G mKj welq gymwjg Dvni ga Kvbv gZf` bB| Ze gydvmwmiMYi Kvbv K_v I AvwfavwbK A_K wfw
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Ki RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb bZe` `vwe Kib h, Avjvni AvBb Qvov wePvi-kvmbKvix mKj miKviB ZvM~Z Ges
st
GìK eRb Kiv I Awekvm Kiv Cgvbi AweQ` Ask| KvRB h ew Cgvbi `vwe`vi nIqv mI Gic kvmK ev
miKviK eRb Kie bv ev mnhvwMZv I AvbyMZ Kie, A_ev G mKj `ki Av`vjZ wePvi cv_bv Kie m Kvwdi,
tru
hwÌ m mvjvZ, wmqvg I Bmjvgi Ab mKj Bev`Z cvjb Ki|
G Zvì wevw my:
ah
c_gZ: Zuviv ZvZ-Gi evLvq mxgvjNb KiQb Ges ZvM~Zi kvwK I KziAvbx A_i ga cv_K b KiQb|
mKj Aeva cvcx mxgvjNbKvixB AvwfavwbKfve ZvM~Z ej AwfwnZ nZ cvi, wK KziAvb h ZvM~ZK Awekvm KiZ I
nn
Bev`Z eRb KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ m kqZvb Ges Avjvn Qvov hvK Bev`Z Kiv nq|
wZxqZ: Zuviv ZvM~Zi cwZ gywgbi `vwqZi eYbvq mxgvjNb KiQb| KziAvb ZvM~Zi cwZ gywgbi `ywU `vwqZ
u
DjL Kiv nqQ: Awekvm Kiv I Bev`Z eRb Kiv| Awekvm A_ Zvi AwZ ev ivgZvq Awekvm bq, Zvi Bev`Z
ss
cvIqvi AwaKvi Awekvm Kiv| ivm~jyjvn wb`k w`qQb, Avjvn Qvov hv wKQz Bev`Z Kiv nq Zv Awekvm KiZ ne|
Avgiv Rvwb, Avjvn Qvov AbK wdwikZv I bexi (Av) Bev`Z Kiv nqQ| GLvb Gì AwZ ev Gì ghv`v Awekvm KiZ
.a
wb`k Ìqv nq wb| eis Bev`Z cvIqvi Kvbvic AwaKvi Gì AvQ Zv A^xKvi KiZ ne| Abyicfve wdivDb I
w
Abvb kvmKi Bev`Z Kiv nqQ| Zvì cwZ Awekvm A_ Zvì AwZ ev ivRZ Awekvm bq, eis Zvì Bev`Z-
w
hvMZv Awekvm Kiv|

ZZxqZ: Zviv Bev`Z I AvbyMZi cv_K b KiQb| Avgiv BZvc~e welqwU AvjvPbv KiwQ| Avgiv `LwQ
w
h, kqZvbB g~jZ ZvM~Z| Avi ZvM~Zi AvbyMZ ev mnhvwMZv KijB hw` Kzdi ev wkiK nq, Ze cZK gvbylB Kvwdi
I gykwiK ej MY ne| KviY cwZwU gvbylB kqZvbi civPbvB wewfb fve Avjvni AevaZv ev cvc wj nq co|
KziAvb-mybvn mK mvgvbZg vb AvQ Gic Kvbv gvbylB G aibi K_v ejeb ej gb nq bv|
PZz_Z: ZvM~Zi wbKU wePvicv_bvi evLvq Zviv mxgvjNb KiQb| Ab agi MYK-cyivwnZ- hviv AjwKK ev
Mvqex vb Ges m vbi wfwZ mwVK wePvi Kivi hvMZv I AwaKvi `vwe Kib- Zvì Gic vb I wePvii
hvMZvq wekvm Kiv ev Gic wekvmi wfwZ Zvì KvQ wePvi PvIqv wbtm`n Kzdix| GQvov Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~ji
( ) wbKU bvqwePvi cvIqv hve bv ev Zvì dqmvjv AMnYhvM gb Ki Ab h Kvbv ewi wbKU wePvi PvIqvI
Kzdix| GLvb Kzdix wekvm, A_vr Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~ji ( ) wePviK AMnYhvM gb Kiv ev Ab Kviv AjwKK
vb I wbfyj wePvii hvMZv AvQ ej wekvm Kiv|
Avgiv cieZx AvjvPbvq `Le h, mgKvjxb gymwjg `kwji AwaKvsk AvBbB Bmjvgx ev Bmjvg mZ| wKQz
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 79

AvBb Bmjvg weivax| Kvbv gyw gb Avjvni AvBbi kZ wekvm-mn Avjvni AvBbi Awe`gvbZvi KviY wbRi
b~bZg AwaKvi ivi Rb Gic AvBbi Avkq wbj Zv KLbvB Kzdix ev cvc ej MY bq|
gydvm&wmiMY mnxn, hqxd, evbvqvU AbK gZvgZ DZ Kib, hwj gZvgZ gv| nvjvj-nvivg ev Cgvb-Kzdi
wbaviY mb`wePvi I mnxn nv`xm cqvRb| G mKj gZvgZ mb`wfwK wePvi bv Ki cQ`wfwK MnY Kivi KviY
Avgiv AbK mgq fyji ga wbcwZZ nB| ZvM~Zi wbKU wePvicv _bvi AvqvZi I Zv NUQ|
G cm Zvdmxi h mKj nv`xm ev mvnvexMYi gZvgZ DjL Kiv nqQ Zvi AwaKvskiB Kvbv wbfihvM
mb` bB| Gic GKwU nv`xm G cm DjL Kiv nq h, GKRb Bn~`x I gybvwdK gymwjgi ga Kvbv welq weev`
nq| gybvwdK ew GKRb cyivwnZ ev Bn~`x bZvi KvQ wePvicv_bv KiZ Pvq, wK Bn~`x jvKwU ivm~jyjvn -Gi KvQ
wePvicv_bvq AvMnx wQj| GKchvq Zviv ivm~jyjvn -Gi KvQ wePvi PvBj wZwb mewKQz b Bn~`xi c wePvi Kib|
gybvwdK ew GZ Am nq Dgvi (iv)-Gi wbKU wePvi cv_bv Kib| wZwb ev`x I weev`xi ee kvbvi ci D
gybvwdKK gZz` c`vb Kib| wewfb fvlvq ewYZ G nv`xmwUi Kvbv MnYhvM mb` bB| Beby Kvmxi Zv DjL
KiQb| 177
G eYbv we njI mgKvjxb Av`vjZ wePvi cv_bv Kzdix ej cgvwYZ nq bv| ev`x I weev`xi Kg _K eySv
hvq h, g`xbvi ckvmb-eevq Dgvi (iv)-Gi gvwRwm gZv wQj| Avi gybvwdK jvKwU wbR Dgvi (iv)Gi KvQ
wePvi PqQ Ges ^xKvi KiQ h, ivm~jyjvn -Gi wePvi m AcQ` KiQ| weev`xI Zvi ee mwVK ej mv
om
w`qQ| ivm~jyjvn -Gi wePviK AvcwKi gb Kiv Kzdix| hnZz ew wbRB wbRi Acivai Rb wePvi cv_bv
KiQ KvRB ZvK Zvi cvIbv kvw c`vb ea| wK RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb I Abvbiv Gic hqxd ev AwbfihvM
eYbvi Dci Zvì gZvgZi wfw vcb Kib Ges Zvì cQ`gZ Gi evLv Kib|
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3. 8. 6. ivxq AvbyMZ ebvg Kzd&ixi cwZ mw
st
RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb-Gi bZe` ejb, G mKj `ki bvMwiKe` hnZz Avjvni AvBb AgvbKvix ivi I
miKvii mv_ mnhvwMZv Kib, ivi wbevPb Ask wbq GmKj KvwdiìK gZvq _vKZ mvnvh Kib Ges Gì
tru
Aaxb PvKix Kib, mnZz G mKj `ki mKj bvMwiKB Kvwdi ej MY|
GLvb Zviv cvcxi mv_ mnhvwMZv I cvc mnhvwMZvi ga cv_K bv Ki `ywU welqK GK chvqi ej `vwe
ah
KiQb| Gici cvci mnhvwMZvi AwfhvM mvaviY gymwjg RbmvaviYK Kvwdi ej `vwe KiQb| Zvì wevw Abyaveb
KiZ wbgv welqwj jYxq:
nn
(K) KziAvb-nv`xm Kvwdiì mv_ ezZ ev Ai fvjevmvi eb Zwi KiZ wbla Kiv nqQ| KqKwU
AvqvZ `Lyb:
u

ss

.a
gywgbMY hb gywgbMY eZxZ Kvwdiw`MK ezic MnY bv Ki| h Gic Kie Zvi mv_ Avjvni Kvbv mK _vKe
w
bv, Ze ewZg, hw` Zvgiv Zvì _K AvZivi Rb mZKZv Aej^b Ki|178

w
n gywgbMY, Zvgiv Bqvn~`x I LvbìK ezic MnY Kiv bv, Zviv cii ciii ez| Zvgvì ga
KD ZvìK ezic MnY Kij m ZvìB GKRb ne| 179

Zzwg cve bv Avjvn I AvwLivZ wekvmx Ggb Kvbv mc`vq hviv fvjevm Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~ji
weiPvixìK, nvK bv G weiPvixiv Zvì wcZv, cy, vZv ev Zvì vwZ Mv|180
Aviv AbK AvqvZ G welq ZvwK` Ìqv nqQ| G mKj AvqvZi AvjvK cZK gyw gbi `vwqZ, Zvi `q
I KgK wbqb Kiv, hb Kvwdi mc`vqi cwZ AvwiK fvjevmv `q vb bv cvq Ges fvjevmv cKvkK Kvbv Kg
hb m bv Ki|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 80

Ze GK_v my h, fvjevmv g~jZ `qi Kg| KvRB Kviv Kvbv KgKB wbwZic Kzdixi cwZ ev
Kvwdii cwZ fvjevmv ej wbwZic wPwZ Kiv hvq bv, hZY bv Zvi m eei gvag Zv wbwZ nq| GRb
ay Kvwdiì mv_ mymK, mnhwMZv ev Gic Kvbv KvRi wfwZ KvDK Kvwdi ejv hvq bv| Bmjvgi cavb k
gvevmxì KvQ ivm~jyjvn -Gi gv Avgbi Mvcb Z_ duvm Ki nvwZe (iv) c wjLwQjb| Zvi Kg wbtm`n
Avjvn I Zvi ivm~ji kì cwZ fvjevmv cKvkK| wK ay Kgi KviY ivm~jyjvn ZvK Kvwdi ej NvlYv `b
wb| eis Zvi Kgi Dk RvbZ PqQb Ges Zvi Ihi Keyj KiQb| GgbwK ZvK ZvIev Kivi wb`kI `b wb| 181
(L) RvMwZK mK I mnhvwMZv KLbvB fvjevmv ev ezZi Afy bq| ivm~jyjvn I mvnvexMY Kvwdiì
mv_ eemv-evwYR KiQb| Zvì Aaxb PvKix KiQb| BDm~d (Av) wgmii gywZ-c~Rvix wdiAvDbi `k ZviB
ivRZ ZviB Aaxb PvKix KiQb|
(M) c~eeZx AvjvPbv _K Avgiv eySZ ciwQ h, Dcwbekvi gymwjg `kwji kvmK, ckvmK ev miKviK
Bn~`x, Lvb ev gykwiKì gZ Kvwdi gb Kiv m~Y wfwnxb wevw Qvov wKQzB bq| Gì Kviv Kg KwVb cvc ev
Kzdix njI, Gì my ee viv Kzdix cgvwYZ bv nIqv ch KvDKB Kvwdi ejv hvq bv| Gic miKvii Abvqi
cwZev` Kivi mv_ mv_ ivxq AvbyMZ envj ivLv Ges Bmjvgweivax bq Gic welq Zvi AvbyMZ KivB Bmjvgi
wb`k| Dy mvjvgv (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ( ) ejb,

om

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AwPiB Zvgvì Dci AbK kvmK ckvmK Avme hviv bvq I Abvq Dfq cKvii KvR Kie| h ew
st
Zvì AbvqK NYv Kie m Abvqi Aciva _K gy ne| Avi h ew Avcw Kie m (Avjvni Amw _K)
wbivcv cve| wK h G mKj Abvq KvR gb be ev Zvì AbymiY Kie (m euvPZ cvie bv|) mvnvexMY ejb,
tru
n Avjvni ivm~j, Avgiv wK Zvì wei hy Kie bv? wZwb ejb, bv, hZY Zviv mvjvZ Av`vq Kie| 182
hw` Kvbv bvMwiK Zvi miKvii Abvq mg_b Kib, Abvqi cwZ m _vKb ev Abvqi miKvii
ah
AbymiY Kib Ze wZwb Zvi miKvii cvci fvMx neb| GQvov Abvb mnhvwMZv, PvKix, Kg ev ivxq
AvbyMZi KviY Kvbv bvMwiK cvcx ne bv| AvDd Beby gvwjK (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ejQb,
nn

ss
Zvgiv wkqvi! Zvgvì Kviv Dci hw` Kvbv kvmK-ckvmK wbhy nb Ges m `LZ cvq h, D kvmK ev
.a
ckvmK Avjvni AevaZvi Kvbv KvR wj nQb, Ze m hb Avjvni AevaZvi D KgK NYv Ki, wK AvbyMZ _K
nvZ wUq be bv|183
w
Ab eYbvq:
w
hLb Zvgiv Zvgvì kvmK-ckvmKMY _K Ggb wKQz `Le hv Zvgiv AcQ` Ki, ZLb Zvgiv Zvi KgK
AcQ` Kie, wK Zvi AvbyMZ _K nvZ wUq wbe bv|184
3. 8. 7. RvgvAvZ I evBAvZi Z
weki mKj mgvRi mKj gymwjgK Kvwdi ej MY Kivi Zvì GKwU eo Z wQj RvgvAvZ I evBAvZ
Z| Zviv `vwe KiZ h mgKvjxb mKj gymwjg `k I mgvR Kvwdi I Rvwnjx mgvR| Gwji mv_ Kzdix I mKQ`
bv Kiv ch KD gywgb ej MY ne bv| Avi KvDK gywgb ej ev `xbx fvB ej wPbZ cvivi GKgv gvag njv
evBAvZ| aygv RvgvAvZ I evBqvZi gvagB GKRb gymwjgK Agymwjg _K c_K Kiv hve| hZY bv Kvbv
gymwjg Zvì Bgvgi nvZ evBqvZ Ki Zvì RvgvAvZ hvM wè ZZY ZvK gyw gb ej MY Kvi hve bv|
G `vwei c Zviv KziAvb I nv`xmi evBqvZ I RvgvAvZ welqK wb`kwjK `wjj wnme ck Ki| Zvì
G `vwe gyLZv I wevwi mswgkY wQj| KviY Zvì ck Kiv `wjji KvbvwUZB evBqvZ I RvgvAvZK Cgvbi
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 81

cwiPq wnme DjL Kiv nq wb| Zviv G cwifvlvqi A_I eySZ cvi wb|
fvlvwe`MY Rvbb h, fvlvq eeZ ki A_ hyMi AveZb cwiewZZ nq| Aviex fvlv hwÌ KziAvb, nv`xm I
Bmjvgx mfZvi KviY ^vfvweK weeZb I cwieZb _K AbKUv iv cqQ, ZeyI AbK Aviex ki A_ AvswkK ev
cwic~Yfve cwiewZZ nqQ| ivm~jyjvn I mvnvexMYi hyMi eeZ A_ Ges eZgvb cPwjZ A_i ga AbK mgq
AvKvk-cvZvj cv_K `LZ cvIqv hvq|
G Rb ivm~jyjvn I mvnvexMYi ee evcK Aaqb Ges cvPxb gydvm&wmi I gynvwmMYi evLv Aaqb bv
Kij G mKj Awf Avie cvVKI wev nb| Gic wevw wkKvi nb RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb bZe` RvgvAvZ
ki |
RvgvAvZ I evBAvZ Bmjvgi `ywU ivbwZK cwifvlv| RvgvAvZ ki A_ I cqvM mK wevwiZ
AvjvPbv KiwQ KziAvb-mybvni AvjvK Bmjvgx AvKx`v M|185 GLvb msc ejv hvq h, RvgvAvZ ki
AvwfavwbK A_ HK ev HKe RbMvx| h Kvbv vb h gvbylwj _vKb Zvì mgwK ev Zvì
HKeZvK RvgvAvZ ejv nq| RvgvAvZi wecixZ njv wdiKv ev wnhe, A_vr `j ev Mc|
gb Kib GKwU gmwRì ga 100 Rb gymjx AvQb| Giv gmwRì RvgvAvZ| Gì ga Kg ev ewk msLK
gymjx hw` c_Kfve GKwZ nq gmwRì GK w`K emb Ze Zviv GKwU wdiKv, KvIg ev wnhe, A_r `j, Mc ev
mc`vq ej MY, wK Zviv RvgvAvZ ej MY bq| hgb, Dchy 100 Rbi ga _K 5 Rb GK w`K c_K nq
om
emjb, Avi `k Rb Ab KvY c_K nq emjb Ges Ab KvY Aviv KqKRb GKwZ njb| GLb Avgiv wdiKv I
RvgvAvZi ic wPv Kwi| g~jZ gmwRì RvgvAvZ ev HK f BdwZivK ev `jv`wj GmQ| wZbwU wdiKv ev `j
g~j RvgvAvZ _K wewQb nqQ| Avi evwK hviv Kvbv `j ev wdiKv MVb bv Ki `jwenxbfve iq wMqQb Zviv
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wbRìK RvgvAvZ ejZ cvib| Avi G A_ msLvMwi RbMYK RvgvAvZ ejv nq|
st
Gfve GKwU Ni, gmwR` ev gvnwdji ga we`gvb mKj gvbyli ev AwaKvsk gvbyli mgw ev Zvì
HKeZvK D vbi RvgvAvZ ejv nq| hgb ejv nq, gmwRì RvgvAvZ, Nii RvgvAvZ, gnjvi RvgvAvZ,
tru
gvnwdji RvgvAvZ| A_vr Ni, gnjvn, gmwR` ev gvnwdji mKj gvbyl| G A_ A wKQz gvbylKI RvgvAvZ ejv hZ
cvi, Ze Zv mKj gvbyli HK A_ bq, eis wbavwiZ vbi mKj gvbyli HK A_|
ah
KziAvb-nv`xm RvgvAvZ ejZ RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb ev mKj gymwjgi ev AwaKvsk gymwjgi HK eySvbv
nqQ| KziAvb, nv`xm I g~j Aviex eenvi Abymvi RvgvAvZ A_ RbMY, RbMvx ev mgvR (community,
nn
society). wewfb nv`xm RvgvAvZ-Gi iZ c`vb Kiv nqQ| RvgvAvZ-e _vKZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ Ges
wewQb nZ wbla Kiv nqQ| G mKj wb`ki A_, gymwjg h mgvR ev RbMvxZ emevm Kieb, m mgvRi
u
gvbylì ivRbwZK, mvgvwRK wmvvwì mv_ GKgZ _vKZ ne, hwÌ m wmv Zvi ev Zvi Mvxi gZvgZ ev ^v_i
ss
wei hvq|
g~jZ ivxq welqB ivm~jyjvn G mKj wb`kbv w`qQb| RvgvAvZ I evBqvZ welqK wb`kvw` GKB m
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euvav| RvgvAvZ A_ mgvR ev ivi RbMY ev Zvì HK Ges evBqvZ A_ ivxq AvbyMZi kc_| AvieMY cvPxb hyM
w
_K Kvexjv ev MvZvwK wef mgvR emevm KiZ| Bmjvgi gvag ivm~jyjvn wewQb Kexjv ev Mv Kw`K
Avie mgvRK weki mec_g AvaywbK RbMYZvwK civgkwfwK iv eevi Aaxb Avbb| Avieiv ivwq AvbyMZ
w
eySZv bv| Zviv eySZv Kexjv ev Mv cavbi AvbyMZ| wewQbfve QvU ev eo Mvi Aaxb Zviv evm KiZ| Mvi
w
evBi Kviv AvbyMZ ev AaxbZvK Zviv AegvbbvKi ej gb KiZ| GQvov ew ^vZeva I ^vaxbZveva ZvìK
Zvì gZi evBi mKj wmv Agvb KiZ ciYv w`Z|
ivm~jyjvn G wewQb RvwZK c_gevii gZ K`xq ivxq eevi ga wbq Avmb| wZwb GRb evievi
ZvìK ivxq HK I AvbyMZi ga Aevb KiZ wb`k w`qQb| iv cavbi AvbyMZ eRb Kiv, iv`vwnZv Kiv,
ivxq eevi evBi ev ivnxbfve evm KivK wZwb Rvwnjx Rxeb I G cKvii gZyK Rvwnjx gZy ejQb| KviY
Rvwnjx hyMi gvbyl iv wPbZ bv Ges ivnxbfve emevm KiZ| KvRB Gfve _vKv wbtm`n Rvwnjx Rxeb I Gfve
giv Rvwnjx giv| cQ` nvK ev bv nvK iv ckvmbi AvbyMZ KiZ ne| ew, Mvx, Kexjv ev `ji gZvgZi
KviY ev Kvb AevZB iv ev mgvRi wei we`vn Kiv hve bv| cqvRb ivcavb ev ckvmbK mrKvR Av`k,
Amr KvR _K wbla I mskvab KiZ ne| wK we`vn, Mnhy I nvbvnvwb wbwl|
G A_ wZwb h mKj wb`kbv w`qQb Zv wewfbfve wewfb M msKwjZ nqQ| wZwb gymwjg DvnK me`v
ivcavbi AvbyMZ KiZ ejQb| ivxq AvbyMZi cZxK evBqvZ ev AvbyMZi kc_ me`v eRvq ivLZ
ejQb| wZwb ZvìK RvgvAvZ e _vKZ ejQb| G mKj nv`xmi ggv_ GKB| ivxq eevi ga _vKZ ne
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 82

Ges we`vn, nvbvnvwb ev gZv `Lji Aea cwqv I cwZhvwMZv e KiZ ne| 186
G A_i nv`xmwj chvjvPbv KijB Avgiv Zv eySZ cvie| Beby Avevm (iv:) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ( ) ejQb:
)
(
KD Zvi kvmK ev ckvmK _K Kvb AcQ`bxq welq `Lj ZvK ah aviY KiZ ne| KviY hw` KD
RvgvAvZi (gymwjg mgvR ev ivi HKi) evBi GK weNZI ei nq hvq Ges G Aevq gZy eiY Ki, Zvnj m
Rvwnjx gZy eiY Kij|187
Avey ivBiv (iv:) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ( ) ejQb:

h ew ZvAvZ ev ivxq AvbyMZ _K ei nq Ges RvgvAvZ ev gymwjg mgvR I RbMvx _K wewQb
nq gZz eiY Kij m Rvwnjx gZz eiY Kij|188
gyAvweqv (iv) Zuvi Rxekvq Zuvi cy Bqvwh`K iv cavb c` gbvbqb `vb Kib Ges Zvi AvbyM Zi Rb wZwb
ivi mKj bvMwiK _K evBqvZ ev AvbyMZi kc_ MnY Kib| 60 wnRixZ gyAvweqv (iv)-Gi BKvji ci
om
Bqvwh` kvmbfvi MnY Kib Ges Pvi eQi kvmb Ki 64 wnRixZ gZy eiY Kib| Zvi kvmbvgj 63 wnRixZ g`xbvi
AwaevmxMY Bqvwhì Ryjyg-AZvPvi, Bgvg mvBbi kvnv`Z BZvw` wewfb KviY we`vn Kib| Zvì we`vn wQj
.c
hywmZ Ges GKvB Avjvni Iqv I Abvqi wei AbyciYv wbq| wK Zv mZI m mgq RxweZ mvnvexMY
we`vn ivRx wQjb bv| mnxn gymwjg msKwjZ nv`xm ewYZ nqQ, mvnvex Avyjvn Beby Dgi (iv) g`xbvi we`vni
st
bZv Avyjvn Beby gywZi wbKU Mgb Kib| wZwb ZvK mvbi mv_ emZ Abyiva Kib| Beby Dgi ejb: Avwg
tru
emZ Avwmwb| Avwg ZvgvK GKwU nv`xm bvZ GmwQ| Avwg ivm~jyjvn ( )-K ejZ bwQ:

ah
h ew ZvAvZ ev ivxq AvbyMZ _K wbRK ei Ki wbj m wKqvgZi w`b Avjvni mv_ mvvZ nj
nn
wbRi Rb Kvb IRi ck KiZ cvie bv| Avi h ew Ggb Aevq gZz eiY Kij h, Zvi Mjvq Kvb evBAvZ ev
ivxq AvbyMZi AxKvi bB m ew Rvwnjx gZy eiY Kij|189
u
ivxq HK ev RvgvAvZ web Kiv GZ eo Aciva h, Gi kvw gZz`| AvidvRv (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn
ss
ejb:

.a
()
w
fwelZ AbK wePzwZ-Abvq msNwUZ ne| hw` Ggb NU h, G DvZi HKe _vKv Aevq KD Gm m
w
HK web Ki wefw mw KiZ Pvq Ze m hB nvK bv Kb Zvgiv ZvK Zievix w`q AvNvZ Kie| Ab eYbvq:
w
Zvgvì welqwU GKewi welq HKe _vKv Aevq (GKRb ivcavbi Aaxb _vKv Aevq) Kvbv GKew hw`
Gm Zvgvì HK web KiZ ev RvgvAvZ wef KiZ Pvq Ze ZvK nZv Kie|190
Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ejQb:

hw` `yRb Ljxdvi evBqvZ Kiv nq Ze h ci evBqvZ wbqQ ZvK nZv Kie|191
hvBdv Bebyj Bqvgvb ejb, gvbyliv ivm~jyjvn -K fvj welqvw` mK ck KiZ| Avwg ZuvK Lvivc welq
mK ck KiZvg, G fq h, wK Rvwb Avwg Kvbv Lvivci ga wbcwZZ nq hvq wKbv| Avwg ejjvg, n Avjvni
ivm~j, Avgiv RvwnwjqvZ I AKjvYi ga wQjvg| ZLb Avjvn AvgvìK G KjvY Gb w`jb| Gi ci wK Avevi
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 83

Kvbv AKjvY Avme? wZwb ejjb, nuv| Avwg ejjvg, m AKjvYi ci wK Avevi KjvY wdi Avme? wZwb ejb,
nuv, Ze Zvi ga wKQz Rvj-gqjv _vKe| Avwg ejjvg, m Rvj-gqjv wK? wZwb ejb, wKQz gvbyl hviv Avgvi Av`k
I bxwZ Qo Ab Av`k I ixwZ AbymiY Kie| Zzw g Zvì ga fvj I g` `LZ cve| Avwg ejjvg, G fvj Aevi
ci wK Avevi Lvivc Aev AvQ? wZwb ejb, nuv| Rvnvbvgi ìRvwji w`K AvnvbKvixMY (AvwefyZ ne), hviv
Zvì WvK mvov wè ZvìK Rvnvbvg wbc Kie| Avwg ejjvg, n Avjvni ivm~j, Avcwb Zvì eYbv w`b| wZwb
ejjb, Zviv AvgvìB Pvgovi gvbyl-AvgvìB ^RvwZ, Avgvì fvlvZB Zviv K_v eje| Avwg ejjvg, n Avjvni
ivm~j, Avwg hw` G Aevq co hvB Ze Avcwb AvgvK wK KiZ ejb, wZwb ejb:

Zzwg gymwjgì RvgvAvZ (msLvMwi mvaviY RbMvx) I Zvì Bgvg (ivcavb)-K ai _vKe| Avwg
ejjvg, hw` Zvì Kvbv RvgvAvZ bv _vK Ges Kvbv BgvgI bv _vK (RbMY mKjB z`z` `j wef nq
iveevnxb wekLj Aevq _vK), wZwb ejjb, m Zzwg m mKj `j mewjKB cwiZvM Kie| hw` ZvgvK
Kvbv MvQi g~j Kvgo ai co _vKZ nq ZvI _vKe| Gfve _vKv AevZB hb Zvgvi gZz Gm hvq|192
nvwim AvkAvix (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ejQb,
om

.c
st
Avwg ZvgvìK cuvPwU welqi wb`k w`wQ, hwji wb`k Avjvn AvgvK w`qQb: keY, AvbyMZ, wRnv`,
wnRiZ I RvgvAvZ; KviY h ew RvgvAvZ _K GK weNZ mi Mj m Bmjvgi iy wbRi Mjv _K Lyj djj,
tru
hw` bv wdi Avm|193
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, nv`xmi cwifvlvq RvgvAvZ ejZ ivxq HK ev gymwjg mgvR ev msLvMwi
ah
RbMvxi HK eySvbv nqQ| Zviv hLb Kvbv ivRbwZK ev mvgvwRK welq wmv MnY Kieb ZLb ewMZfve,
`jMZfve ev MvxMZfve m wmv Agvb Kiv, wbRi gZi Dci AUj _vKv ev msLvMwi RbMYi gZi weivwaZv
nn
Kiv wbwl|
Dcii nv`xmwj g~jZ KziAvbi G welqK wb`ki evLv| gnvb Avjvn ejb:
u

ss
Zvgiv Avjvni iy `pfve aviY Ki HKefve; Ges `j`j wef nqv bv|194
.a
GLvb Avjvn RvgvAvZ ev HKi wb`k w`qQb Ges Zvdvi&iK ev `jv`wj KiZ ev `j `j wef nZ
wbla KiQb|
w
RvgvAvZi mevP wb`kb wQjb mvnvexMY| GQvov agxq welq RvgvAvZ eySvZ gymwjg Dvni Avwjg mgvRi
w
mgw ev HK eySvbv nqQ ej gb KiQb Kvbv Kvbv Avwjg|195

w
mevevq mKjB RvgvAvZ ejZ mvaviY RbMvx ev (society, community) eywSqQb, KD RvgvAvZ
ejZ `j (group, party) eySvb wb| AviexZ `j ev msMVb eySvZ wdiKv, wnhe KvIg BZvw` k eenvi
Kiv nqQ, RvgvAvZ bq|
Avgiv AvMB ejwQ h, GKwU wbavwiZ vbi mKj gvbyl eySvZI RvgvAvZ kwU eenvi Kiv nq| Gic
mxwgZ RvgvAvZ ev HK A_ AvaywbK hyM KLbv KLbv RvgvAvZ ejZ `jeZv eySvbv nq| A_v r Kvbv Dk
mvgb iL KwZcq gvbyli HK| Gic HK ev RvgvAvZ-I Bmjvg wb`wkZ| Kvbv mdi ev Ab Kvbv Kg ev
Dk wZbRb gvbyl _vKj GKRbK Avgxi ev bZv wbhy Ki HKe _vKZ wb`k w`qQb ivm~jyjvn |
G A_ `xbx Kg z` cwigj gymwjgMY RvgvAvZe A_vr GKB Kg iZ mKj gvbyl HKe _vKZ
cvib; Ze Dcii AvqvZ I nv`xmwjZ RvgvAvZ ejZ G z` HK ev `j eySvbv nq wb; gymwjgì mvgwMK
HK eySvbv nqQ| KvRB Gic z` z` `jfy nIqvK Bmjvg cvjbi Ask gb Kivi A_ Bev`Z cvjbi Rb
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 84

ivm~jyjvn h welqK kZ Kib wb ZvK hyw w`q kZ evwbq bIqv| Dci Gic aviYvi viv Bmjvg wbwl
`jv`wj, wefw ev wewQbZv GKwU Bmjvgx Bev`Z ej cwiMwYZ ne!
`xb cvjb I `xbx `vIqvZ mvgwK cPv AwaKZi dj`vqK| bvqi Av`k, Abvqi wbla, `xb cwZv ev
Avjvni c_ `vIqvZi Rb Gic z`Zi ev AvswkK RvgvAvZ (HK) GKwU iZc~Y DcKvix DcKib| wK
`vIqvZi Rb RvgvAvZ kixqZ-wb`wkZ Kvbv Riix welq bq| mvjvZi dih mvjvZ GKvKx cvjb Kij
mvIqve Kg ne ev Mvbvn ne ej mybvZ _K Avgiv RvbZ cvwi| wK `vIqvZi G Bev`Z GKvKx cvjb
Kij mvIqve Kg ne ev Mvbvn ne ej Avgiv gb KiZ cvwi bv|
Gic gb Kij Zv mybvZi ewZg Ges weÀvZ cwiYZ ne| hgb AwaK DcKvi ev Abyic Kvbv hyw w`q
KziAvb wZjvIqvZ, ì`-mvjvg, whKi BZvw` Bev`Z cvjbi Rb RvgvAvZ ev `jeZv, `vqgvb nIqv, wPrKvi Kiv
BZvw`K D Bev`Zi Ask gb Kiv ev G mKj Bev`Z GKvKx cvjb Kij, em cvjb Kij ev g`y k cvjb Kij
mvIqve Kg ne ej gb Kiv|
RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb-Gi wevwi KviY njv Zviv RvgvAvZ welqK cPwjZ msKxY A_K Bmjvgx cvwifvwlK
A_ ej `vwe Kib| Gici mybvZi wb`kbv QvovB wewfb hyw w`q `xb cvjb I `xb cwZvi Rb `jeZv kZ ej
MY Kib| RvgvAvZ welqK Dcii nv`xmwji AvjvK Zviv `vwe Kib h, `ji ga _vKv Cgvbi AweQ` Ask|
KviY `j ev RvgvAvZ cwiZvM KivK RvwnwjqvZ ejv nqQ, Avi RvwnwjqvZ A_B Kzdix| GQvov RvgvAvZ cwiZvM
KivK Bmjvgi iy Lyj djv ej AwfwnZ Kiv nqQ| GZ eySv hvq RvgvAvZ ZvMKvix Kvwdi ej Mb ne|
om
Dcii AvqvZ I nv`xmwji wb`kbv njv, gywgbMY `jv`wj Kieb bv| Bmjvgi ga Kvbv `jv`wj _vKe bv;
eis mKj gymwjg HKe _vKeb| AZ gywgb mKj gywgbK GK`j ej wekvm Kieb| `j, gZ, eY, `k, Kg,
.c
gvhnve BZvwì cv_Ki KviY GK gymwjg AviK gymwjgK Ab`j ej gb Kieb bv; eis Gwj-mn mKj
gymwjgK GK`j ej wekvm Kieb| wK G K_vi evLvq RvgvAvZzj gyRvwn`xb bZe` ejb, gymwjg nZ nj
st
Kvbv bv Kvbv `j _vKZ ne! A_vr `jv`wj KiZB ne! G njv KziAvb I nv`xmi wb`kbvi m~Y wecixZ A_|
tru
G fyj A_i wfwZ Zviv `vex Kib h, Bmjvg cvjbi Rb Kvbv bv Kvbv `ji ga _vKZ ne| Avi
hnZz GKgv ZvivB `xb cwZv I `xbi weRqi Rb Pv KiQb mnZz Zvì `jB GKgv mwVK `j| hviv Zvì
ah
weivwaZv Kib Zviv g~jZ `xb cwZv I `xbi weRq PvQb bv| GRb ZvivI Kvwdi|
RvgvAvZi cvkvcvwk Zviv evBAvZ-KI Cgvbi Ask ej MY Kib, KviY evBqvZ cwiZvM KivK
nn
RvwnwjqvZ ejv nqQ| Zviv ejb `ji Avgxii nvZ evBqvZB njv `jf~wi GKgv c_| h ew Zvì `ji
Avgxii nvZ evBqvZ Ki Zvì `j hvM`vb Kie ay ZvivB gymwjg ej MY ne| hviv Gfve Zvì `jfy nZ
u
A^xKvi Kie Zviv Kvwdi ej MY ne| Dcii AvjvPbv _K G mKj welqi wevw Avgiv eySZ ciwQ|
ss
eZ gymwjgK ev h ew wbRK gymwjg ej `vwe KiQ ZvK Kvbv Kg, _evaK K_v, AcQ`bxq wekvm,
AvKx`v ev gZevì KviY Kvwdi ej MY Kivi ceYZv gymwjg DvZi Rb me`v e`bv I wZ eq GbQ| G _K
.a
DZi ga `jv`wj, gvivgvwi, msNl, msNvZ I mvmi Rb nqQ|

w
mvnvexMY I Zuvì Abymvix DvZi g~j avivi AvwjgMY Cgvbi `vwe`viK Kvwdi ejvi mevP mZKZv
w
Aej^b KiQb| cvci KviY Zv bqB, GgbwK Bmjvgx wekvmi mv_ AvswkK ev evwnK mvsNwlK gZev`, wekvm ev
AvKx`vi KviYI Zviv Cgvbi `vwe`viK Kvwdi ejZb bv| Zvi Kvbv evLv ev IRi AvQ wKbv Zv mvb KiZb Ges
w
Cgvbi welq Zvi gyLi `vwei DciB wbfi KiZb| GRb LvwiRx, wkqv, gyZvwhjx, Kv`vixqv, Rvevwiqv BZvw` wev
wekvm ev gZevì Abymvixiv KziAvbi AbK AvqvZ I Bmjvgx AbK wekvm A^xKvi KijI ZvìK Kvwdi bv ej
wev ev vwZ wbcwZZ gymwjg ej MY KiQb| Avwg KziAvb-mybvni AvjvK Bmjvgx AvKx`v M G welq we
vwiZ AvjvPbv KiwQ| mvwbZ cvVKK eBwU coZ Abyiva KiwQ|
3. 9. Bmjvgx iv I iv cwZv
3. 9. 1. Bmjvg I iv
Bmjvg ag I Bmjvgx mfZvi AweQ` Ask mgvR I iv eev| ew, mgvR, iv I wekK wbq Bmjvg GKwU
mvgwMK Rxeb eev| Ze ew, mgvR I ivi ga ^vfvweK cv_K iv Kiv nqQ Bmjvg| iv-eevmn I iv-
eev Qvov mKj `ki mKj mgvRi gvbylì Rb cvjbxq ckZv iqQ Bmjvg| iv eevK gywgbi ag cvjbi
Rb kZ ev g~j welq ej MY Kiv nq wb| iv eev Bmjvgi GKwU Ask| Bmjvg iv eev I ivxq wewaweavb
AvQ| Ze Bmjvg ay iv eevi bvg bq|
gywgb AviKvb Bmjvg I Abvb dih, bdj Bev`Z mvagZ cwic~Yfve cvjbi gvag wbRi Rxeb c~YZgfve
Bmjvg cwZvi Pv Kieb| Kvbv gymwjg Kvbv ivxq `vwqZ _vKj wZwb Zvi `vwqZ Avjvni wb`k Abymvi cvjb
KiZ mevZK Pv Kieb| G Zvi wbR Rxebi Abvb Kgi gZ ivxq Kg Avjvni Kzg gZ cvjb Kiv Zvi
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 85

`vwqZ| Abvb gymwjgi `vwqZ iv, mgvR, ew ev cwievii mKj mevBK Avjvni Kzg cvjb Kivi Rb
`vIqvZ Ìqv| h Kvbv Avjvn ev Zuvi ivm~ji ( ) wb`k jwNZ nj myhvM I mvagZ KziAvb wb`wkZ Dg
AvPiY viv Lvivc AvPiYi cwZiva cwZZ `vIqvZ, bvqi Av`k I Abvqi wblai gvag Zv mskvab I
cwieZbi Pv Kieb| Ze G Pv mdj bv nj gywgbi xb-cvjb evnZ nq ev mgvR I ivi cvci KviY ew
gywgb cvcx nb Gic wPvi Kvbv wfw bB|
3. 9. 2. Bmjvgx ivi cKwZ
Bmjvg meKvji I mehyMMi mgM gvbe RvwZi Rb vqx Rxeb eev Ges wekRbxb I meRbxb ag| KziAvb
Kvixg, nv`xm ivm~j I mvnvexMYi RxebcwZ _K Avgiv `LZ cvB h, GZ `ywU welqi cwZ j ivLv nqQ:
GKw`K wekl j ivLv nqQ hb hyM, mgvR, mvgvwRK iwP I AvPvi AvPiYi cwieZbi dj Bmjvgi agxq ic
cwieZb bv Avm| Aci w`K j ivLv nqQ h, hyM, mgvR, AvPvi-AvPiY BZvwì cwieZbi KviY Bmjvgi
AvnKvg cvjb hb Kviv Kvbv Amyweav bv nq| mKj hyMi mKj `ki gvbyliv hb mnRB Rxeb ag Bmjvg cvjb
KiZ cvi|
G g~jbxwZi wfwZ Bmjvg gvbe Rxebi KgKvK g~j `yfvM fvM Kiv nqQ: (1) Bev`vZ I (2) gyAvgvjvZ|
gvbylK Rxeb aviY KiZ RvMwZK I RweK cqvRb hv KiZ nq Ges wekvmx-Awekvm I avwgK-AavwgK mKjB hv
Kib Zv gyAvgvjvZ ev RvMwZK Kg ej MY| Avi RvMwZK cqvRbi E ay gnvb mvi mwi Rb gvbyl h Kg
om
Ki Zv Bev`Z ej MY|
Bev`Z I gyAvgvjvZi cv_K welq wevwiZ RvbZ Avgvi jLv GnBqvDm mybvb MwU cvV KiZ cvVKK
Abyiva KiwQ| GLvb msc ejv hvq h, Bev`Zi Bmjvg wevwiZ I LywUbvwU wbqg-cwZ I wewaweavb c`vb
.c
Kiv nqQ| G ivm~jyjvn h Kg hfve KiQb AweKj mfve Kivi wekl ZvwK` Ìqv nqQ| cvi
st
gyAvgvjvZ ev RvMwZK Kgi wekl ckZv Ìqv nqQ| wKQz g~jbxwZ c`vb Kiv nqQ Ges dih I nvivg
wbaviY Kiv nqQ| Gi evBi meB ea ej MY ne| gyAvgvjvZi Kvbv welq ivm~jyjvn _K wblavv
tru
cgvwYZ bv nIqv ch Zv ea ej MY ne| A_vr Bev`Zi ivm~jyjvn hv Kib wb Zv Kiv wbwl| Avi
gyAvgvjvZi ivm~jyjvn hv wbla KiQb ay ZvB wbwl, hv wZwb wbla Kib wb Zv ea|
ah
Pvlvev`, wPwKrmv, evwoNi Zwi BZvw` RvMwZK welq hgb ckZv c`vb Kiv nqQ, Zgwb ckZv c`vb Kiv
nqQ Bev`Z cvjbi RvMwZK DcKiYi | hgb Bjg wkv iZc~Y Bev`Z| Ze wkvi cwZ, DcKiY
nn
BZvwì welq Dby ivLv nqQ| KD ejZ cvib bv h, mvnvexMYi hyM Qvcvbv eB wQj bv, cixv cwZ wQj bv ev
mb` c`vbi cwZ wQj bv KvRB Zv wbwl| eis hZY bv kixqZ my wblavv cvIqv hve ZZY Zv ea|
u
weevn, cwieviMVb, Avevmb, wPwKrmv BZvwì gZ ivMVb, ivcwiPvjbv I G welqK `vwqZvewj gyAvgvjvZ|
ss
GRb Bmjvg G welq gwjK bxwZgvjvi ga ckZv c`vb Kiv nqQ| ivxq AeKvVvgvi LywUbvwU welq `k, hyM,
RvwZ I cwieki AvjvK wfbZvi AeKvk ivLv nqQ|
.a
G mKj g~jbxwZi AvjvK Bmjvgx ivi cKwZ AvjvPbvi Rb c_K Mi cqvRb| GLvb msc ejv hvq
w
h, Bmjvgx iv w_IwUK ev cyivwnZ-ZvwK bq, eis RbMYZvwK| GLvb gvjv, cyivwnZ, Bgvg ev Ab Kvbv
agxq bZvK Avjvni bvg ev Avjvni Ljxdv nq kvmb Kivi gZv ev myhvM Ìqv nq wb| Bmjvg KLbvB
w
kvmKK Avjvni Ljxdv wnme MY Kiv nq wb, ZvK wekl AwaKvi, gZv ev AvZv c`vb Kiv nq wb ev ZvK
w
Revew`wnZvi Ea ivLv nq wb| eis kvmKK RbMYi cwZwbwa I RbMYi KvQ Revevw`nx ej MY Kiv nqQ|
Kejgv kxqv mc`vqi agwekvm Bmjvgi iveevK ivRZvwK I cyivwnZZvwK ej `vwe Kiv nqQ|
Zuviv wekvm Kib h, Bmjvgi ivxq bZZ ev ivgZv Avjx (iv)-Gi eskaiì cvIbv| Avi ivxq bZv ev Bgvg
Avjvni Ljxdv wnme wekl vb, gZv I AwaKvi msiY Kib| ivxq welq Zuvi gZvgZB P~ov| Zuvi AbycwwZ ev
A`k _vKv Aevq dKxn Zuvi cwZwbwaZ Kieb Ges Zuvi wmvB P~ov ej MY ne| KziAvb I nv`xmi my
wb`kbvi AvjvK mvnvexMY I cieZx g~javivi gymwjg AvwjgMY G gZ cZvLvb KiQb| eZ ivm~jyjvn -Gi
AvMgbi mgq cw_exZ we`gvb ivwji ga g~j wZbwU welq `Lv hvq:
c_gZ: ivgZvi Drm esk ev Rei`Lj
ivReski KD ivRv ne GUvB wQj meRb^xKZ ixwZ| ivRZi evBi gZv MnYi GKgv Drm wQj A ev
Rei`Lj| ivRvK nZv Ki ev Ai gZvq ivR` MnY Kiv|
wZxqZ: ivi gvwjKvbv ev mvefgZ ivRvi
ivRi mKj m` I bvMwiK ivRvi gvwjKvbvaxb| wZwb mKj Revevw`wnZvi Ea| ivi m` I bvMwiKì
welq wZwb BQvgZ wmv MnYi gZv ivLb Ges Zvi wmv ckvZxZ|
Gic mevP gZv eySvZ BsiwRZ (sovereignty) kwU eenvi Kiv nq| kwU cvPxb divmx souverein,
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 86
jvwUb superanus/ super k _K GmQ| Gi g~j A_ (above) ev Ea| hnZz ivRvi gZv mKji Ea
mnZz ivRvK BsiwRZ sovereign ejv nq| BsiRxZ sovereign A_B king ev ivRv| Aviex AwfavbI
sovereign A_ ( ivRv)| (sovereignty) A_ evsjvq ivRZ Ges AviexZ gyjK ( )ev wmqv`vZ ()
A_vr ivRZ ev KZZ|
evsjvq Gi cwZk wnme mvefgZ kwU eenvi Kiv nq| evsjv G kwU mef~w g _K MnxZ| Gi A_
wekRbxb ev universal nIqv DwPZ| BsiwR (sovereign ) ev mevP ki g~j A_i mv_ evsjv mef~g ev wekRwbb
ki g~j A_i wgj bB| Ze cvPxb hyM mviv wek cwiwPZ A_ kvmK ev eo cwZK mvefg Dcvwa Ìqv
nZv| Gfve ivRvK mvefg ejvi cPjb NU| Avi G_KB ivRZK mvefgZ ejv nq|
ZZxqZ: ivRv Ckii cwZwbwa ev cwZf~
cvq mKj mgvRB ivRvK Kvbv bv Kvbvfve Ckii cy, cwZwbwa ev eskai ej Kbv Ki ZvK HkwiK ev
agxq cweZv, AwaKvi I AvZv (infalliblity) c`vb Kiv nqQ| weklZ Lxq PZz_ kZKi iZ evBhvUvBb-
ivgvb mvgvR LagK ivagi ghv`v c`vbi ci _K BDivc w_IvwUK kvmbi i nq Ges agi bvg ev
Avjvni bvg kvmK I cyivwnZìK Avjvni cwZwbwa I cwZfy wnme wekl cweZv c`vb Kiv nq| Zvì wb`k
AvwiK cvjb Kiv agxq `vwqZ wnme MY Kiv nq Ges Zvì wb`k Agvb Kiv ag`vwnZv ej MY nq|
ivm~jyjvn ivi welq m~Y wfb g~j bxwZ c`vb Kib| Zuvi Ìqv g~jbxwZi cavb w`Kwj wbgic:
om
c_gZ: ivgZvi Drm bvMwiKì civgk
KziAvb Kvixg Ges nv`xm kixd gywgb Rxebi mKj mswk mKji civgk MnYi wb`k Ìqv nqQ|
G g~jbxwZ nvZ-Kjg kLvbvi Rb ivm~jyjvn KvDK Zuvi ci ivgZvi Rb gvbvbqb Ìqv _K weiZ _vKb,
.c
hb gymwjgMY civgk eevi eve cqvM KiZ cvib| st
gnvb Avjvn gywgbì gwjK ewk DjL cm ejb:
tru

hviv Zvì cwZcvjKi Avnvb mvov w`qQ, mvjvZ Kvqg KiQ, Zvì Kg Zvì ga cviwiK
ah
civgkwfwK Ges ZvìK hv wihKc`vb KiwQ Zv _K Zviv eq Ki|196

Zvnj, gywgbì mKj Kg Zvì mKji civgkwfwK| h welq Avjvni my Kvbv wb`kbv bB Gic mKj
nn
welq wmv MnYi mswk mKji civgk MnYB gymwjg mgvRi ewk| Avi Gic welqi AbZg ivxq
welqvw`, hv mKj bvMwiKi ^v_i mv_ mswk| kvmK, ckvmK, miKvi ev RbcwZwbwa wbevPb, wbevPbi gqv`, miKvi
u
cwiPvjbv cwZ, G welqK bxwZ wbaviY, RvZxq I AvRvwZK bxwZgvjv Zwi BZvw` welq civgk MnY KiZ ne|
ss
KziAvbi my wb`kbv h mswk mKjB civgk c`vb Kieb| bvix-cyil, wkwZ-AwkwZ, mvaviY-AmvaviY mKji
.a
civgk MnY G wb`ki Afy| KvDK ev` Ìqvi Kvbvic wb`kbv bB| hw` KD civgk `b I Abiv gb bb
ZvnjI Amyweav bB|
w
KziAvb-nv`xm mswk mKji civgk MnYi ZvwK` Ìqv nqQ, Ze civgk MnYi Rb Kvbv mywbw` cwZ
w
wbaviY Ki Ìqv nq wb| eis Abvb RvMwZK I DcKiY mswk welqvwì gZ G welqK hyM, RvwZ I cwieki Rb
w
Dby ivLv nqQ| mswk gvbylì Aev Abymvi mivmvwi mKj bvMwiKi, Zvì cwZwbwaì, MvcwZì, agxq
bZeì ev mvgvwRK bZeì gvag civgk MnY Kiv hZ cvi| Gic civgk MnY gyL nZ cvi ev Mvcb
evjU nZ cvi| G civgk MnYi Kvbv GKwU cwZK Bmjvgx ev Bmjvg weivax ej MY Kivi Kvbv myhvM
bB|
mvnvexMYi hyM ev cieZx hyM wQj bv ej ev cvPxb wdKni M jLv bB ej mveRbxb fvU eev, 4 ev 5
ermi ci fvU MnYi eev ev civgk MnYi Abyic Kvbv cwZK Bmjvg weivax ej wPv Kiv Avi gv`vmvq
cixv eev, mb` c`vbi eev, Qvcvbv eB covi eev ev BjK&Uw bK wgwWqv eenvi Bmjvg weivax ev wbwl ej
wPv Kiv GKB aibi AZv I wevw|
wZxqZ: ivi gvwjKvb RbMYi
gvwjKvbv `y cKvii| mKj wKQzi cKZ gvwjKvbv gnvb Avjvni| wZwbB gvwjK, ivRv ev sovereign| cvkvcvwk
RvMwZKfve gvbylK `ywbqvZ Zvi mì gvwjKvbv c`vb Kiv nqQ Ges gvwjK wnme ^xKwZ Ìqv nqQ| Gfve
ivi gvwjKvbv RbMYi|
Avgiv `LwQ h, cvPxb eevq ivRv wQjb sovereign ev mvefg| ivRi mKj m` I bvMwiKi mevP ev
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 87

ckvZxZ gvwjKvbv (sovereignty) wQj Zvi GKvi| wZwb wbRi cqvRb, myweav I BQvgZ Zv eenvi Kieb, GZ
Kviv Kvbv Avcw ev ck Kivi AwaKvi wQj bv| cvi Bmjvg ivi gvwjKvb bvMwiKMYi| wbRi gvwjKvbvaxb
Rwgb hgb gyw gb Avjvni wb`ki AvIZvq wbRi cqvRb, myweav I BQvgZ eenvi KiZ cvib, Zgwb ivi RbMY
iv, ivi mKj gZv I m` Avjvni wb`ki AvIZvq _K wbRì cqvRb I myweav Abymvi eenvi Kieb|
wbRi gvwjKvbvaxb m`, A_ I Abvb welqi bvq ivi welqvewjI Avjvni wb`k gZ cwiPvjbv Kivi welq
RbMY `vqe| G `vq cvjbi Rb kvmK Zvì cwZwbwa Ges Zvì KvQ Revew`nx| kvmK ivi gvwjK bb, eis
RbMYi cwZwbwa wnme iv cwiPvjb Kib| wZwb RbMYi KvQ Revevw`nx| RbMY ZvK h Kvbv welq ck KiZ
cvi, kvmb I mskvab KiZ cvi|
GRbB kvmK ev miKvi wbevPb RbMYi civgk MnYi wb`kbv| RbMYi ga _K Zvì civgk miKvi
wbevwPZ neb| Avi Zvì KgKvi Rb Zviv RbMYi KvQ Revew`nx _vKeb|
ZZxqZ: kvmKi Kvbv AvZv ev cweZv bB
Bmjvgi `wZ kvmK KLbvB Avjvni Ljxdv ev jvwfwl (successor/vicar) bb| Ab mKj gvbyli gZB
wZwb Avjvni weavb I eevi Aaxb| gnvb Avjvn iv cwiPvjbv I bvq wePvi cwZvi Rb h g~jbxwZ c`vb KiQb Zv
cvjb KiZ wZwb eva|
ivcwiPvjbv welq Bmjvg wKQz g~jbxwZ w`qQ, hwji ga iqQ RvwZageY wbwekl mKji gwjK bvMwiK
om
AwaKvi cwZv I msiY Kiv, Rxeb, RxweKv, ag, evmvb I cwievii wbivcv wbwZ Kiv, RbMYi civgk MnY Kiv,
elgnxb bvqwePvi cwZv Kiv, Acivaxi mwVK kvw wbwZ Kiv BZvw`| wePvi I kvwi Bmjvg wKQz kvw
wbaviY Ki Ìqv nqQ, hwj mgvRi Aciva `gb Ki kvw I wbivcv cwZv Ki| Abvb Aciva kvmK, miKvi
.c
ev ckvmb cqvRbxq hyMvchvMx kvwi eev Kieb|
st
G mKj g~jbxwZ I wewaweavb cqvMi Ges Bmjvgi wb`kbvi evLv c`vb kvmKi wbR^ Kvbv cweZv
ev AvZv bB| RbMYi kvmb, wb`k `vb ev Avjvni weavbi evLvq Zuvi wbRi gZi Kvbv wekl g~j bB| Zvi
tru
evLv ev wmv fyj ej gb nj h KD Zvi mgvjvPbv Ges fyj mskvab KiZ cvib|
Abvb gyAvgvjvZi bvq ivbxwZ I AvBb-wePvii Bmjvg g~j bxwZ Ìqv nqQ Ges cvqvwMK
ah
ckZv c`vb Kiv nqQ| KqKwU Acivai Rb kvw wbaviY Kiv nqQ| wK kvw c`vbi cwqv KwVb Kiv nqQ|
bxwZ, weavb BZvwì evLv I cqvM Kviv AvZv Ìqv nq wb| GRb gymwjg `kwjZ KLbvB BDivci gZ
nn
îvPvi ev w_Ivwm cwZwZ nq wb|

Bmjvgx iveevq AvwjgMY KLbv agi bvg gZv MnY Kib wb| AvwjgMY KziAvb-nv`xmi bxwZgvjv evLv
u
KiQb Avi kvmKMY cqvM KiQb| Dfq wefvMiB ^KxqZv I ^vaxbZv wQj| evLvq fyj nqQ ej gb nj
ss
kvmKMY Zv cZvLvb KiQb I mKj Avwjgi civgk wbqQb| cqvM I evevqb fyj nqQ gb Kij RbMY I
AvwjgMY cwZev` KiQb| mKj îvPvii gaI kvmKi mgvjvPbv, Kg ewk evK^vaxbZv, agxq ^vaxbZv, Melbv I
.a
gZ cKvki ^vaxbZv I gwjK gvbevwaKvi wbwZ wQj| KLbvB Kvbv gymwjg iv agi bvg wfbgZvej^x ev
w
wfbagxqì Dci wbqgZvwK ev ivxq wbhvZb Kiv nq wb| Lxq Ag kZK _K Av`k-Ebwesk kZK ch
w
BDivc, fviZ, gacvP I weki h Kvbv Agymwjg `ki mv_ m hyMi gymwjg `kwji Aev Zzjbv Kij h
Kvbv MelK wbwZ neb h, gymwjg `kwjZ mKj agi gvbyl mevP bvMwiK AwaKvi I agxq ^vaxbZv fvM
w
KiQb|
3. 9. 3. Bmjvg I Z
Z ev cracy GKwU AvaywbK cwifvlv| evsjvq Z kwUi AbK A_ iqQ, hgb, kv, we`v, cvavb,
ivRkvmb cwZ BZvw`| GLvb Avgvì Dk njv ivRkvmb cwZ, hv BsiwR (cracy) ki Abyev` wnme
eeZ| BsiwR (cracy) kwU MxK (kratos) k _K AvMZ, hvi A_ (power, strength, rule) gZv, kw,
kvmb BZvw`|
weki AZxZ I eZgvb wewfb ivRkvmb cwZ chvjvPbv Kij Avgiv ejZ cvwi h, ivRkvmb cwZ g~jZ `~
cKvii nZ cvi: (1) RbMYi Askx`vwiZi wfwZ Ges (2) kvmKi GKQ gZvi wfwZ| wZxq cwZZ
kvmKi GKQ AwaKvi I gZvi Drm Zvi esk ev `Lj nZ cvi ev HkwiK nZ cvi| kvmK wbRi esk ev
`Lji AwaKvi ivi mKj wKQzi gvwjKvbv `vwe Kieb A_ev wbRK Ckii cwZwbwa wnme mevP gZvi
AwaKvix ej `vwe Kieb|
AvaywbK cwifvlvq ivRkvmbi c_g cwZ MYZ (Democracy) Ges wZxq cwZ îZ
(Autocracy) bvg cwiwPZ| Avi hw` kvmK ev kvmKMvx Zvì Ckii cwZwbwaZ ev agxq AvZv `vwe Kib
Zvnj Zv cyivwnZZ, hvRKZ ev (Theocracy) bvg cwiwPZ| GLb ck njv, Bmjvgi Dchy ivRkvmb
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 88

cwZ-K Avgiv Kvb& cKvii ej MY Kie?
Avgiv AbK mgq ewj h, Bmjvg BmjvgB, GK Kvbv Z w`q evLv Kiv hvq bv| K_vwUi ga mZZv
iqQ| Ze h ew BmjvgK fvjfve Rvbb bv, ZvK Bmjvgi welq eySvZ nj Zuvi fvlvq ev cwifvlvq Abyev`
KiB ZuvK eySvZ ne| GQvov Bmjvg GKwU cwic~Y ag, hvi ga, wekvm, Kg, AvPvi AvPiY, cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK,
ivxq I AvRvwZK mKj welq wb`kbv iqQ| Bmjvg ejj Gwji mgw eySvq| ivRkvmb cwZ welq Bmjvgi
w`K wb`kbvi mgwK Avgiv mnRevafve Kx ejZ cvwi? Bmjvgi ivRkvmb cwZ wK MYZ? bv îZ? bv
cyivwnZZ? AZ Gi Kvb&wUi mePq wbKUeZx?
Dcii AvjvPbv _K Avgiv mnRB Abyaveb KiZ cvwi h, Bmjvgi ivRkvmb cwZ MYZvwK| wK agi
mv_ mswkZvi KviY cvvZ MelKMY GK (Theocracy) ej DjL KiQb| Theocracy kwU MxK
(theokratia) _K AvMZ| Gi A_ (government by a god) ev GKRb èZvi miKvi| G eevq èZv, Cki
ev gnvb mvK GKQ gZv I mevP gvwjKvbvi AwaKvix (sole sovereign) Ges mKj AvBbK Ckii wb`k ej
MY Kiv nq| ^fveZB èZv ev Cki wbR kvmb Kib bv| KvRB Ckii bvg cyivwnZMY ev ivRvB kvmb cwiPvjbv
Kib| Ze Zviv wbRìK Ckii cwZwbwa ej `vwe Kib Ges Zvì Av`k wblaK AjNbxq HkwiK wb`k
ej MY Kib|
Bmjvg AvjvnK mevP gvwjKvbvi AwaKvix (sovereign) ej wekvm Kiv nq| wZwbB Kzg, wb`k ev weavb
om
c`vbi AwaKvix| wK Gi A_ G bq h, Bmjvgx kvmbeev w_IvwUK| w_Ivwmi mv_ Bmjvgi gwjK cv_K
njv, w_IvwmZ ivRv ev cyivwnZMYi wmvB P~ov| Zviv agi bvg ev Ckii bvg h evLv, AvBb ev weavb c`vb
Kieb Zv gvb Kiv RbMYi agxq `vwqZ Ges Agvb Kiv ag`vwnZv| w_Ivmx njv Ckii ev agi bvg
.c
îZ| st
w_Ivwmi g~j ciYv eYbv Ki ivRv c_g Rgm (1566-1625) ejb: The state of monarchy is the
supremest thing upon earth: for kings are not only god's lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon
tru
God's throne, but even by God himself they are called gods. ivRvi AevbB cw_exi Dci mevP
welq| KviY, ivRvMY cw_exi eyK Ckii cwZwbwa Ges Ckii wmsnvmb Avmxb| ay ZvB bq, mevcwi ^qs Cki
ah
ZvìK Cki ej AvLvwqZ KiQb| (gvBvmdU GbKvUv)

cvi Bmjvg Avjvni wb`k, Kzg ev weavb mKj gvbyli Rb Dbyfve c`vb KiQb| ivRkvmb
nn
welqI Avjvn g~j bxwZ c`vb KiQb| Gwj mevi Rb Dby| Gwj njv mevi Rb cvjbxq msweavbi gwjK
bxwZgvjvi gZ| Gi cqvM, evLvq ev AvBb cYqb ivRv ev hvRKMYi Kvbvic weklZ bB| eis ivRkvmb welqK
u
Bmjvgi bxwZgvjv wjwLZ msweavbi gZ îZ wbqY I RbMYi AwaKvi ivi AbZg gvag|
ss
MYZi BwZnvm chvjvPbv Kij Avgiv `Le h, MYZ A_ wbavwiZ Kvbv miKvi eev bq| ivRkvmb eevq
h Kvbvfve RbMYi Askx`vwiZ, civgkMnY I RbMYi wbKU Revew`wnZvi eev _vKjB ZvK MYZ ejv hvq| G
.a
A_ g~jZ BmjvgB mec_g GKwU MYZvwK iveev c`vb Ki| Bmjvgi AvM Mxm I ivg MYZi wKQz PPv nq|
w
Gici Zv wejxb nq hvq Ges weki me ivRZvwK ev hvRKZvwK îZ cwZwZ wQj| ivm~jyjvn mec_ g
w
civgkwfwK cwZwbwaZg~jK MYZvwK eev c`vb Kib|

RbMYZvwK G bZzb eev MnY I evevqb ZrKvjxb cvcU KKi wQj| wLjvdZ ivk`vi ciB Gi _K
w
Kgewk wePzwZ i nq| Ze Bmjvgi BwZnvmi h Kvbv hyMi îvPvix kvmKì mv_ m mgqi BDivci PvP I Lvb
kvmKì Aev Zzjbv Kij h Kvbv MelK wbwZ neb h, G g~jbxwZi cfve me`v we`gvb wQj|
3. 9. 4. Bmjvgx iv I Bmjvgx AvBb-wePvi
Bmjvgi Aciva AvBb (criminial law) mK fqi wevw I AccPvi cvvZ I gymwjg mgvRwjZ
we`gvb| Bmjvgx Aciva AvBbi wKQz welqK AvswkKfve Dcvcb Ki Gwji wfwZ Bmjvgx AvBb, wePvi I
wePvieevK eei, gahyMxq Ges cyivwnZZvwK ej AccPvi Kiv nq| Avevi AbK AveMx gymwjg Bmjvgx Aciva
AvBbi KqKwU w`KKB Bmjvgx AvBb, Gwji AbycwwZK Bmjvgx AvBb I wePvi eevi AbycwwZ Ges Gwj
cwZv KivB Bmjvgx ivi GKvg cwiPq ej gb Kib|
h Kvbv ivi g~j `vwqZ (1) bvMwiKì elgnxb AwaKvi I AvBbi kvmb cwZv Kiv (2) ewnki AvMvmb _K
iv I bvMwiKì wbivcv wbwZ Kiv| BmjvgI G `ywU welqK ivi g~j `vwqZwji AbZg ej DjL Kiv nqQ| wZxq
`vwqZ cvjbi Rb Bmjvg wRnv`-Gi weavb c`vb Kiv nqQ| Avi c_g `vwqZ cvjbi Rb Bmjvg AvBb I wePvieev
welqK bxwZgvjv c`vb Kiv nqQ|
Bmjvgx AvBb I AvBb cqvMi `ywU w`K iqQ: (1) AvBb I (2) wePvieev| Bmjvgx AvBb welq AbK
AccPvi _vKjI h Kvbv gZi I agi MelK Bmjvgx wePvieevi kZi welq wbwZ neb| wePviKi
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 89

wbicZv, wePvii mQZv, mv MnY, mv-cgvYi mwVKZ cgvY, Awfhyi AvZc mg_bi myhvM, m`ni myhvM
BZvwì gvag RvwZ-ag-eY wbwekl mKjji Rb bvqwePvi I AvBbi kvmb cwZvi Rb Bmjvg AZ KvhKi,
gvbweK I mQ wePvieev c`vb KiQ| AvaywbK weki cvq mKj `ki wePvieevi AbK welq Bmjvgx wePvieev
_K MnxZ|
Bmjvgi cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK, evwYwRK, mvw`K, AwaKvi welqK I Abvb mKj Ìqvbx (civil) AvBbi
welqI AweKj GKB K_v ejZ ne| weki cvq mKj `kB wePvi eevi cvkvcvwk Ìqvbx, mvgvwRK, cvwievwiK I
Abvb welq Bmjvgx AvBb MnxZ, cPwjZ ev ^xKZ nqQ| Avgvì `ki I Abvb gymwjg `ki wePvieev I
Ìqvbx AvBb meB g~jZ Bmjvgx|
Gwji cvkvcvwk Bmjvg Aciva AvBb iqQ| weki mKj `ki Aciva-AvBbi Dk Acivaxi kvw I
Aciva wbqY| Bmjvgi Aciva AvBbiI GKB Dk| cv_K kvwi cKwZZ| Bmjvg A KqKwU Acivai kvw
wbaviY Ki Ìqv nqQ| Aewk mKj Acivai hyM, RvwZ I mgvRi cvcU kvmK, cvjvgU, miKvi ev
wePviK kvwi cKwZ wbaviY KiZ cvib|
Bmjvg wbavwiZ kvwwj wbgic: (1) BQvKZ nZvi kvw gZz`| (2) BQvKZ Anvwbi kvw Abyic Anvwb|
(3) Pzw ii kvw Kw _K nvZ KU Ìqv| (4) ewfPvii kvw 100 evNvZ I weevwnZ ewfPvixi kvw gZz`| (5)
Kviv wei ewfPvii AwfhvM Ki Zv 4 Rb myfve cZ`kx mvxi gvag cgvY KiZ bv cvij AwfhvMKvix
om
I mvxMYi kvw 80 evNvZ| (5) Rb eyS Bmjvg MnY Kivi ci BQvKZfve Bmjvg ag cwiZvMi kvw
gZz`| (6) g`cvbi kvw 40 ev 80 evNvZ|
G mKj kvw Kejgv gymwjg bvMwiKi Rb chvR| weklZ ewfPvi I g`cvbi Dchy kvw GKvfveB
.c
gymwjg Acivaxi Rb chvR| Kvbv gymwjg bvMwiK G mKj Aciva wj nqQb ej m`nvZxZfve cgvwYZ nj
st
wZwb G kvw fvM Kieb| Agymwjgì Rb G mKj kvw chvR bq| Zviv Zvì agxq AvBb ev mvgvwRK I ivxq
AvBb wePvi I kvw fvM Kieb|
tru
nZv, Anvwb I Pzwi G wZbwU Acivai welq Kviv wgZ bB| Ze kvwi cKwZ mK gZf` iqQ|
Bmjvgx kvwK cvvZ cwZMY KVvi ev gahyMxq ej `vwe Kib| ewfPvi, g`cvb I agZvMK Zviv Aciva ej
ah
MY KiZ bvivR| Gwji kvwc`vbKI Zviv gahyMxq I agvZv ej AvLvwqZ Kib|

cKZ mZ njv, Aciva wbqY-Gi j ARb Bmjvgx wePvieev I Bmjvgx Ìqvbx AvBb-Gi cvkvcvwk
nn
Bmjvgx Aciva-AvBbi mwVK evevqbB mePq eo mnvqK| G mKj AvBb KVvi njI Zv AgvbweK ev eei bq; eis
gvbeZvi msiY I eeiZv wbqY Zv mevP mnvqK| GLvb wbgi welqwj jYxq:
u
(1) Bmjvgi G mKj kvw hgb KVvi Kiv nqQ cqvM Zvi Pq AbK KwVb I cvq Ame Kiv nqQ, hb
ss
KvbvfveB wbiciva ev Kg Acivax kvw bv cvq| Aciva kZfvM cgvwYZ nIqv, Aciva wj nIqvi Kvbvic Ihi bv
_vKv Ges Acivai kvwhvMZvi chvq wbwZ nIqv G mKj wbavwiZ kvw cqvMi c~ekZ| mvgvb m`n nj wePviK
.a
AcvKZ nvjKv kvw c`vb Kieb|

w
nZv, Anvbx BZvw` wbnZi DivwaKvwiMY ev wZM ew BQv Kij wZc~iY wbq ev wKQz bv wbq
gv KiZ cvib| ewfPvii PviRb cZ`kx mvx A_ev ewi ^Qvq ^xKwZi wfwZB wePvi i nZ
w
cvi| mvxMYi mv wUc~Y nj mvxMY I AwfhvMKvix cZK 80 evNvZ kvw fvM Kieb| Dci mvgvwRK,
w
ivxq I wePvwiK mKj ZvìK vqxfve mv`vbi AhvM ej NvlYv Ìqv ne| ^Qvq ^xKwZ c`vbKvix
ew ci A^xKwZ Rvbvj Zvi A^xKwZB KvhKi ne|
(2) eZ, G mKj kvwi Dk Aciva wbqY| mnR kvwi gvag Aciva wbqY nq bv| GQvov kvw mnR nj
wbicivai kvw cvIqvi myhvM ewk nq| kvw nvjKv nIqvi KviY wePviK mnRB kvw `b Ges kvwcv ew wbiciva
njI Zv gb bb| Avi KwVb kvwi wePviK, mgvR, iv, wePviKZ ew mKjB AZ mRvM _vKb, hb wbiciva
kvw bv cvq ev A Aciva KwVb kvw bv nq|
(3) Aciva welqK MelYv cgvY Ki h, AmsLK Acivaxi kvw w`q Aciva wbqY Kiv Bmjvgx AvBbi
gvagB me| AZxZi gymwjg mgvRwjZ Lye Kg gvbyliB nvZ KvUv nqQ ev gZz` Ìqv nqQ| wK kvwi
fqvenZvi KviY Aciva Kg msNwUZ nqQ| eZgvbI mw` Avie, Bivb, cvwKvb, DcmvMixq I gacvPxq KqKwU
`k G mKj kvw c`vbi eev iqQ| Ze Lye Kg mgq G mKj kvw cqvM Kiv nq| wK kvwi we`gvbZvi
KviY Acivax fq cvq| cvi cvvZ eevq kvwi gvag Aciva wbqY nq bv, eis Acivaxi ga Aciva-
ceYZv ew cvq|
(4) cvvZ AwaKvsk `k WvMm ev gv`Kè MnY I wecbb kvwhvM Aciva njI g`cvb Aciva bq|
A_P wek ^v msvi cwimsLvb cgvY Ki h, ew I mgvRi wZi w`K _K g` I WvMm DfqB mgvb, eis gì
wZ AwaK| cvq AvovB kZvx ai BDivc I AvgwiKvq g` wbwl I wbqY Kivi Rb AbK Av`vjb nqQ| bvixiv
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 90

G mKj Av`vjb wekl f~wgKv iLQb| G mKj Av`vjbi wfwZ MZ kZvxZ BDivci AbK `k g` wbwl
Kivi Pv Kiv nq| AvgwiKvq 1920 mvj g` wbwl Kiv nq| wK gèemvqxì Pvc 1933 mvj Zv Avevi ea Kiv
nq|
gv`Kvmw/g`-wbfiZv (Alcoholism/Alcohol Dependence) AvaywbK mfZvi fqiZg ewawji AbZg|
wek AMwYZ mdj eemvqx, PvKzixRxwe, UKwbwkqvb, kwgK I Abyic mdj gvbyli Rxeb I cwievi asm nqQ gì
KviY| wek ^v msvi cwimsLvb Abymvi weki 76 wgwjqb gvbyl g` cvbi KviY m wewfb iKgi KwVb ivM
fyMQb| gvwKb hyivi gvU RbmsLvi kZKiv 15 fvM Ges ivwkqvi gvU RbmsLvi GK-ZZxqvsk g`cvb RwbZ
gvivZK ivMewaZ fyMQb| ^v weklMY g`cvb I g`-wbfiZvK weki AbZg cavb ^v mgmv ej wPwZ
KiQb| wek ^v msvi cwimsLvb Abymvi eZgvb weki mKj ivMevwai kZKiv 3.5 fvM g`cvb RwbZ| g`cvb I
gvZjvwgi KviY cwZ ermi ay gvwKb hyivB 185 wewjqb Wjvi b nq|197
Bmjvg Cgvb I Avjvni fqi cvkvcvwk AvBbi gvag G fqi evwaK m~Y wbqY KiQ| G AvBb GKgv
gèemvqx Qvov Kviv Kvbv wZ nq bv, kvwcvi msLv evo bv wK G AvBbi gvag G fqi evwa wbg~j nq ev
wbqwZ nq|
(5) Bn~`xag, Lag I Ab mKj agB ewfPviK kvwhvM Aciva, weklZ evBej ewfPvi I mKj cKvi
Aea hbZvK gZz`hvM Aciva wnme MY Kiv nqQ| AvaywbK cvvZ mfZvq alYK Aciva ejv njI
om
ewfPviK ea Kiv nqQ Ges welqwUK gvbyli ewMZ welq wnme MY Kiv nqQ| wK WvMm weq I MnYK
Gfve ew^vaxbZv wnme MY Kiv nq bv| A_P ew, mgvR I gvbemfZvi Rb WvMmi Pq ewfPvi AbK ewk
wZKi| AvaywbK mfZv cgvY KiQ h, ewfPvii gvag cwievi b nq, mvbMY cvwievwiK mn I cwZcvjb _K
.c
ewZ nq, Zvì ga gvbexq g~jevai weKvk enZ nq Ges wnsmZv ew cvq| eZ WvMmi KviY ewi Rxeb b
st
nq Avi ewfPvii gvag gvbemfZv web nq| GRb Bmjvg g`cvb, gv`Kè MnY, wecbb I ewfPviK KvQvKvwQ
chvqi KwVb Aciva wnme MY Kiv nqQ|
tru
(6) Bn~`x-Lxq agM evBej weagx I agZvMxi gZzì weavb iqQ| hw` Kvbv Mvg ev bMixi Awaevmxiv
agZvM Ki Zvnj Z_vKvi mKj gvbylK AekB nZv KiZ ne Ges mKj cI nZv KiZ ne| Z_vKvi mKj
ah
m` I èvw` cywoq djZ ne| AwM` Rbc`wU wPwiKvjxb wXwe nq _vKe| KLbvB Avi Zv cybevi wbwgZ ne
bv| Dci agi wb`k mvgvb jNb KijI gZzì weavb Ìqv nqQ| hgb, kwbevi Lwo Kzovj ev Kg Kij
nn
ZvK Rbmg cv_i gi gZz` Ìqvi weavb iqQ|198

Bmjvg Ab agi Abymvixì Bmjvg MnYi Rb PvccqvM ev cjvfb wbwl KiQ| cvkvcvwk gymwjgi Rb
u
Abag MnY gZz`hvM Aciva ej MY KiQ| Bmjvgx ivi wwZ web Kivi loh iva KiZB G weavb Ìqv
ss
nqQ| hviv evBejK Ckii evYx ej wekvm Kib Zvì gyL Ges AvaywbK hyM hviv ivxq wbivcv ivi bvg
AgvbweK AvBb Zwi KiQb ev mg_b KiQb Zvì gyL Bmjvgi G AvBbK AgvbweK ejv gvUI gvbvq bv|
.a
(7) gywgb wekvm Kib h, wKfve gvbyli Aciva ceYZv wbqY Kiv hvq Ges Kvb& Aciva Kvb& kvw mePq
w
ewk chvR Zv gnvb mv AvjvnB mePq fvj Rvbb| AvBbi welq AwaKvsk gnvb Avjvn ckZv w`qQb
w
Ges hyM I mgvRi AvjvK AvBb Zwii myhvM w`qQb| ay h mKj welq cqvRb mB wZwb kvw wbavwiZ Ki
w`qQb|
w
gywgbi Cgvbi AweQ` Ask gnvb Avjvni weavbi kZ wekvm Kiv| mvjvZ, wmqvg, weevn BZvw` mKj
welqi bvq wePvieev, Ìqvbx AvBb I Aciva AvBbi I Avjvni wb`k gvb Kiv gywgbi Cgvb I Bmjvgi
`vex| hw` Kvbv gvbyl gb Kib h, mvjvZi KziAvbi wb`k meRbxb, meKvjxb Ges mevg, wK wePvii
KziAvbi wb`k mevg bq ev meRbxb bq Zvnj wZwb gywgb ej wbRK `vwe KiZ cvib bv|
(8) Aciva wbqY AvMnx h Kvbv `ki Rb Bmjvgx AvBbi evevqb G AvMn c~iYi AbZg mnvqK|
weklZ gymwjg `kwji AvBb-kLjv I wbivcv Aevi Dbqb Bmjvgx Aciva-AvBb evevqbi Kvbv weK bB|
mKj gymwjg `ki miKvi I ckvmbi `vwqZ Avjvni cwZ Cgvb, agxq ciYv, `kcg I bvMwiKì ^v_ Bmjvgx
AvBbi mwVK evevqb mP nIqv|
(9) Avjvni c_ AvnvbKvix hgb mvjvZ, wmqvg, whKi BZvw` KziAvb wb`wkZ Bev`Z evevqbi Avnvb
Kieb, Zgwb KziAvb wb`wkZ AvBb, wePvi BZvwì evevqbi Avnvb Kieb| mvjvZ cvjb Avjvni wb`ki
Aenjv hgb ZvK ew_Z Ki, wePvi cvjb Avjvni wb`ki AenjvI ZvK Zgwb ew_Z Ki| G Zvi Cgvbi `vwe|
KziAvb-mybvni Kvbv wb`kbvi cwZ Aenjv `L ew_Z bv nj Cgvb _vK bv|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 91

(10) mvjvZ, wmqvg BZvwì `vIqvZi bvq AvBb I wePvi welqK `vIqvZI webgZv, Dg AvPiY I cvi
gvag nZ ne| Kvbv AevZB mwnsmZv ev ejcqvM gywgbi Rb ea bq| Avjvni Kvbv wb`k Agvb nZ
`Lj Kvbvic ev_v I Avcw `q Abyfe bv Kiv Cgvb nvivYvi jY| mva _vKv mI `vIqvZ bv w`q bxie
_vKj cvc nIqvi mvebv _vK| AZ KDB hw` K_v bv ejb Ze mKjiB cvcx nIqvi mvebv| webgZv I kvfb
AvPiYi mv_ `vIqvZi `vwqZ Av`vq Kij mywbwZ mvIqvei Avkv Kiv hvq| Avi Akvfb AvPiY, DMZv, ejcqvM
ev mwnsmZvi Avkq MnY Kij mywbwZ KwVb cvc ARb Qvov KvbvB jvf ne bv| GZ wbRi gbi vf ev
cwZkvanv c~iY nZ cvi Ges gyw gbK Rvnvbg bIqvi I gymwjg mgvRK wbqY Kivi Rb kqZvb I Zvi
Abymvixì cwiKbv evevwqZ nZ cvi, wK ew gywgbi ev gymwjg Dvni wZ Qvov Kvbv jvf nq bv|
Avgiv `LwQ h, Avgvì `k wePvieev, Ìqvbx AvBb I Kvbv Kvbv Aciva-AvBb Bmjvg wb`wkZ ev
Bmjvg mZ| Avi wKQz Bmjvgx AvBb evevqb nQ bv| GRb wK Kvbv gymwjg mgvR I ivK Kvwdi ev AbmjvwgK
iv ejv ea? Avgiv cieZx AbyQ` Zv chvjvPbv KiZ PvB| gnvb Avjvni KvQ ZvIdxK cv_bv KiwQ|
3. 9. 5. Bmjvgx iv ebvg AbmjvwgK iv
Avgiv `LwQ h, RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb ev ZvKdxi Iqvj wnRiv msMVb Dcwbekvi gymwjg `kwjK Kvwdi
iv ej MY Ki| G welq Zvì wevw Avgiv wbgic web KiZ cvwi:
(1) AvaywbK gymwjg ivwj Kvwdi iv|
om
(2) Kvwdi iv DrLvZ Ki Bmjvgx iv cwZv Kiv eo dih|
(3) G dih cvjbi Rb wRnv`B GKgv c_ Ges iv cwZvi Rb hv wKQz Kiv nq meB wRnv` ej MY|
(4) G wRnv` cvjb ivi bvMwiKì wbwePvi nZv Kiv ea|
.c
Gfve Zviv Bmjvgx wkvi weKwZ mvab KiQb| AZv, Avvk I AveM ZvìK G c_ cwiPvwjZ Ki|
st
A_ev BmjvgK KjwZ KiZ Ges Bmjvgx RvMiYK _vwgq w`Z Kkj ZvìK wev Ki G mKj K_v ejvbv
tru
nqQ| ZZxq I PZz_ welqi wevw Avgiv BZvc~e AvjvPbv KiwQ| Avgiv `LwQ h, wRnv` Bmjvgx iv cwZvi
c_ bq, wRnv` cwZwZ ivi wbivcv ivi c_| Avi wRnv` ay k evwnbxi mk hvvì weiB cwiPvwjZ ne|
ah
cvwifvwlK wRnv` ev ivxq hyi evBi iv msvi ev iv Bmjvgx g~jeva I wewaweavb cwZvi Kg Bmjvgx cwifvlvq
wRnv` bq, Zv njv Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ Ges bvqi Av`k I Abvqi wbla| GK cvwifvwlK wRnv` ej gb
nn
Kiv ev GRb AaviY I nZv ea gb Kiv Bmjvgx wkvi KwVbZg weKwZ Qvov wKQzB bq|
Avgiv GLvb c_g I wZxq welq AvjvPbv KiZ Pv Kie| Avi G welqK wevw eySZ nj AvgvìK
u
RvbZ ne, KLb Avgiv GKwU ivK Bmjvgx iv ej MY Kie Ges KLb Avgvi GKwU ivK Kvwdi iv ev
ss
AbmjvwgK iv ej MY Kie?
AvMB ejwQ h, mvaviY LywUbvwU welq ckZv Ìqvi Rb gyAvgvjvZ welq Bmjvg AbK welq Dby ivLv
.a
nqQ| ZviB GKwU cKvk njv `vij Bmjvg ev Bmjvgx iv I `vij Kzdi ev Kzdix iv welqK Kvbv mywbavwiZ
msv KziAvb-nv`xm c`vb Kiv nq wb|
w
GLb hw` Avgvì KvDK Bmjvgx weevn I Kzdix weevn A_ev Bmjvgx cwievi I Kzdix cwievii mywbavwiZ
w
msv wRvmv Kiv nq Zvnj Avgiv `Le h, welqwU ek ck| cwic~Y Bmjvgx weevni ev cwievii h aviYv
w
Avgvì iqQ Zvi wKQz wePzwZ njB Avgiv m weevn ev cwieviK Kzdix ej MY KiZ cviwQ bv| eis Kzdix weevn
ev cwievii Ea DVjB ZvK Bmjvgx ej gvbZ eva nwQ, hwÌ cyivcywi Bmjvgx bq ej eySZ cviwQ|
Bmjvgx ivi welqwUI Abyic| KziAvb I nv`xm Bmjvgx ivi Kvbv my msv c`vb Kiv nq wb| gnvb
Avjvn ejb:

Zvgvì ga hviv Cgvb GbQ Ges mrKg KiQ ZvìK Avjvn Iqv`v KiQb h, AekB wZwb ZvìK
cw_exZ jvwfwl Kieb hgb wZwb jvwfwl KiwQjb Zvì c~eeZxìK Ges wZwb AekB my`p Kieb Zvì
Rb Zvì `xbK hv wZwb Zvì Rb gbvbxZ KiQb Ges wZwb AekB Zvì fq-fxwZK kvw-wbivcvq cwiewZZ
Kieb| Zviv Avgvi Bev`Z Kie, Avgvi Kvbv kixK Kie bv| Gici hviv AKZ ne ZvivB mZZvMx|199
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 92

Ab AvqvZ gnvb Avjvn ejb:

hvìK Avwg cw_exZ gZvevb Kij Zviv mvjvZ Kvqg Ki, hvKvZ c`vb Ki, bvqi Av`k Ki Ges
Abvq _K wbla Ki| Avi Kgmg~ni cwiYvg AvjvniB Aaxb|200
G AvqvZq Bmjvgx ivi wKQz ewk DjL Kiv nqQ| c_g AvqvZ `xbi my`pZv, kvw-wbivcvq `xb
cvjbi ^vaxbZv Ges wbfq Avjvni wkiKgy Bev`Z Kivi K_v DjL Kiv nqQ| wZxq AvqvZ mvjvZ, hvKvZ, bvqi
Av`k I Abvqi wblai we`gvbZv Bmjvgx ivi ewk ej DjL Kiv nqQ|
G mKj AvqvZi AvjvK dKxnMY `vij Bmjvg ev Bmjvgx ivi wewfb cKvii msv w`qQb| G KD
KD gymjgvbì ivRbwZK AvwacZK g~j ej MY KiQb Ges ejQb h, `vIAvZ, hy, mw, ^vaxbZv ev Ab h
Kvbvfve Kvbv `ki ivgZv gymwjgì nvZ Avmj m `k `vij Bmjvg| 201 Abvb dKxn Bmjvgx wewa
weavbi cKvkK gvb` ej MY KiQb| Zuvì fvlgZ h Kvbv `k, iv ev Rbc` Bmjvgi wewaweavb cKvwkZ
_vKj Zv `vij Bmjvg ev Bmjvgx iv ej MY| 202
GLvb jYxq h, ew gywgbi hgb cwic~Y I Av`k gywgbi cvkvcvwk Kg ev ewk cvc wj cvcx
om
gywgbìKI gymwjg ej MY Kiv nqQ, Zgwb Bmjvgx iv ev Bmjvgx `ki Bmjvgi `vwe MnY ckZv Aej^b
Kiv nqQ| cvci cKvk, Bmjvgx wewaweavbi Aegvbbv, Bmjvgx weavb jNb, KziAvb weivax wewaweavb ev AvKx`v
.c
wekvmi cKvki KviY ivK Kvwdi iv ej MY Kiv nq wb| gymwjg Dvni dKxn I BgvgMY evisevi DjL KiQb
h, Kvbv `k ev iv gymwjg kvmbvaxb nq `vij Bmjvg cwiYZ nIqvi ci kvmb eevi cwieZb, Agymwjgì
st
cvavb ev Ab Kvbv KviY cybivq `vij Kzdi ev `vij nie A_vr AbmjvwgK iv ev k iv ej MY Kivi
tru
evcK mZKZv Aej^b KiZ ne| G welq dKxnMYi wewfb gZvgZ iqQ| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) ejb,
wZbwU kZ c~iY nj Bmjvgx ivK Kvwdi iv ej MY Kiv hve: (1) Kzdii wewaweavb cwZwZ nIqv, (2) Kvwdi
ah
ivi mv_ mshy nIqv Ges (3) D ivi gymwjg I Agymwjg mKj bvMwiKi gymwjgMY c` bvMwiK AwaKvi I
wbivcv evwZj nIqv|203
nn
Bmjvgi BwZnvm kxqvMY me`v kxqv iv Qvov mKj miKvi I ivK ZvM~Zx iv ej wekvm KiQb| cvi
mvnvexMY I Zuvì Abymvix Avnjym mybvZ Iqvj RvgvAvZi AvwjgMY KLbvB G aibi gZvgZ cvlY Kib wb| GgbwK
u
evwZbx wkqv, KvivwgZv, dvwZgx wkqv I Abvb Mvx hviv cKvk I myfve KziAvb-nv`xmi weavbvevwj evLv Ki
ss
A^xKvi I Agvb KiZ Ges Gi ewZg weavb c`vb KiZ Zvì ivKI ZvM~Zx, Rvwnjx ev Kvwdi iv ej MY Kib
wb| eis GwjK Bmjvgx iv ejB MY KiQb|
.a
ivxq welq KziAvbi wewaweavbi ewZg Pjv ev Avjvni AvBbi ewZg weavb `vb DgvBqv hyMB i
w
nqQ| weklZ Avevmx, dvwZgx, evwZbx, gvMj BZvw` ivR Bmjvgx wekvmi mv_ mvsNwlK my Kzdix wekvm I
w
gZev`K ivxq gZev` wnme NvlYv Kiv nqQ, Bmjvgi AvBb wePvi AbKvskB e Ki Ìqv nqQ, GgbwK
Bmjvgi nvivg AbK welq wewfb evLv Ki ea Kiv nqQ Ges wewfb chvq Bn~`x, Lvb, AwMDcvmK ev
w
cwjKì ivxq AvwacZ cwZv Kiv nqQ| AvwjgMY mvagZ Gwji KVvi cwZev` KiQb, AbK miKvii
weivMfvRb nqQb, kvwfvM KiQb, wK KLbvB iv ckvmbi G mKj wePzwZi KviY G mKj iv ev mgvRK
Kvwdi iv ev mgvR ej MY Kib wb, iv, miKvi ev Zvì AbyMZì ev bvMwiKì Kvwdi ej MY Kib wb ev
Bmjvgx iv cwZvi Rb Gic ivi wei we`vn ev hy wj nb wb| eis Gic ivi AvbyMZ KiQb, AvBb
gbQb Ges Gì bZZ Kvwdi ivi wei wRnv` kixK nqQb|
DgvBqv, Avevmx, bxq, LvwiRxq, dvZgxq, KvivwgZxq, evwZbx, ZvZvi, gyMj BZvw` mKj hyMi mKj ivKB
gymwjg Avwjg I dKxnMY `vij Bmjvg ej MY KiQb Ges Bmjvgx ivi mKj weavb mLvb cqvM KiQb|
RygyAv, RvgvZ, ivi AvbyMZ, iv cavbi wb`k I bZZ k`ki mbvevwnbxi wei wRnv` BZvw` mKj weavb G
mKj ivi chvR ej DjL KiQb|
eZgvb weki gymwjg `kwji Aev DgvBqv hyM I cieZx hyMi gymwjg `kwj _K gvUI wfb bq, eis
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 93

wKQzUv fvjB ejZ nq| kvmK wbevPb I iv cwiPvjbvq RbMYi civgk MnY, RbMYi wbKU Revew`wnZv, gvbevwaKvi
I bvqwePvi wbwZ Kiv, wbicfve AvBbi kvmb cwZv I AvBb cqvM BZvw` Bmjvgx wb`kbv cvjbi G
mKj iv c~eeZx ivwj _K wKQzUv njI DbZ nqQ| G mKj `ki AwaKvsk AvBb-Kvbyb I wePvi eev Bmjvgx
AvBb I wePvi eev _K MnxZ| Bmjgx weavbi cwicx wKQz AvBb-KvbybI we`gvb, hwji AcmviY I mskvabi
Rb gywgb Pv I `vIqvZ AevnZ ivLeb| wK kvmKì cvc, iv eevi cvc ev wKQz Bmjvg-weivax AvBb-Kvbybi
Rb Kvbv ivK `vij Kzd i ev Kvwdi iv gb Kivi Kvbvic wfw bB|
Dcwbekvi gymwjg `kwji îvPvi, Bmjvg weivax AvPiY I wewaweavb, avwgK gvbylì cwZ AZvPvi
BZvwì cvcU AbK AveMx gymwjgB Abyfe Kib h, Zvi `kwU GKwU AbmjvwgK `k Ges G`k Bmjvgx iv
cwZv mgqi `vwe| AveM-ZvwoZ gZvgZ ev Kg RvMwZK dj ev Avjvni mw ARbi mnvqK bq| AveM hvB ejyK
bv Kb, AvgvìK AveMgy nq wmv wbZ ne| KziAvb-nv`xmi mvgwMK wb`kbv, Bmjvgi BwZnvmi mKj hyMi
ivwji Aev, mwji msvi Avwjg, Djvgv, cxi, gvkvBL I eyRyMMYi Kgavivi wfwZ AveMgy nq Avgvì
wmv MnY KiZ ne|
KziAvb-nv`xmi mvgwMK wb`kbv, DgvBqv hyM I cieZx hyMwji welq mvnvex, Zvweqx I ZrcieZx AvwjgMYi
gZvgZi AvjvK Avgiv mywbwZ eySZ cvwi h, mgKvjxb gymwjg `kwjK Kvwdi iv ej MY Kivi Kvbv myhvM
bB| mgKvjxb Kvbv Kvbv MelK gymwjg iv I Bmjvgx ivi ga cv_K KiQb| G cv_K GKvB MelYv|
om
Bmjvgx kixqZi weavb c`vbi G cv_Ki Kvbv iZ bB| kixqZi weavbi AvjvK Gwj meB `vij
Bmjvg| Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ ev bvqi Av`k I Abvqi wblai Ask wnme gywgb G mKj ivi Abvqi cwZev`
Kieb, mskvabi Rb mevZK Pv Kieb, wK KLbvB ivxq AvbyMZ cwiZvM Kieb bv ev iv`vwnZvq wj neb
.c
bv| st
3. 9. 6. `xb cwZv, iv cwZv I iv msvi
tru
Avgiv ejwQ h, Bmjvgx Rxeb eevi GKwU w`K iv| Bmjvg iv eevi iZ Ab^xKvh| gymwjg Dvni
AvwjgMY DjL KiQb h, mgvR iveev cwZwZ ivLv gymwjgì Rb dih wKdvqv| Ze G welq LvwiRxMY,
weklZ AvaywbK LvwiRxMY wKQz wevwi ga wbcwZZ nb| Zviv `vwe Kib h, Bmjvgx iv cwZv Kiv eo dih| Zvì
ah
`vexi `ywU wekl w`K jYxq: c_gZ wek Kv_vI Bmjvgx iv bB, eis mKj gymwjg ivB Kvwdi iv Ges
wZxqZ, Bmjvgx iv cwZv Kiv mePq eo dih|
nn
g~javivi Avwjgì mv_ Gì `vwei cv_K `ywU:

c_gZ, g~j avivi AvwjgMYi gZvbymvi gymwjg mgvR we`gvb ivwj wePzwZ I cvcvPvi mI Bmjvgx iv ev
u
`vij Bmjvg; KvRB gywgbi `vwqZ k~b _K cwZv bq, eis cwZwZ eevK msvi I mskvab Kiv| mvaviY
ss
bvMwiKì `vwqZ iv msvi I mskvab| Avi iv ckvmb I miKvii `vwqZ iv cwZwZ ivLv, kixqZi evevqb I
.a
cqvRbxq wRnv` cwiPvjbv Kiv|

wZxqZ, iv cwZv, mskvab BZvwì `vwqZ mvaviYfve dih wKdvqv, KLbv dih AvBb, Ze KLbvB eo dih
w
bq|
w
GLvb jYxq h, mgKvjxb cv I mycwm Kvbv Kvbv Avwjg I MelKi wKQz wKQz ee RvgvAvZzj
w
gymwjgxb Zvì gZvgZi `jxj wnme ck KiZb| G mKj ee _K Zviv hv cgvY KiZb G mKj Avwjg m
A_ Zuvì K_v ejb wb| Bmjvgx `vIqvZ, Av`vjb, mgvR cwieZb, `xbi weRq, `xb cwZv, Rvwnjx mgvR eRb
BZvw` welq iZ eySvZ Zviv h mKj K_v ejQb G mKj AveMx hyeK mwjK eèvKi gZ AvwiK A_
MnY Ki Zvì AveMK Aviv ewk kvwbZ KiQb| Gfve AveMZvwoZ DMZvq wbcwZZ nqQ| KLbv ev Gfve
Zvì AveM DxweZ Ki ZvìK wec_Mvgx Kiv nqQ wekl Dk|
LvwiRxMYi cgvYvwì ga wQj:
c_gZ, wRnv` welqK wb`kvewj
Zviv `vwe KiZb h, wRnv` eo dih| Avi wRnvì Dk iv cwZv| iv cwZvi Rb hv wKQz Kiv nq Zv
wRnv` ej MY| KvRB iv cwZvB wRnv` Ges iv cwZvB eo dih|
Avgiv AvMB DjL KiwQ h, eo dih cwifvlvwUB KziAvb-mybvn mgw_Z bq| KziAvb-nv`xmi my wb`kbv
Qvov Kvbv Bev`ZK eo dih ejv hvq bv| AviKvb Bmjvgi ci Avi Kvbv Bev`ZK XvjvIfve eo dih ejvi
myhvM bB| Avgiv `LwQ h, wRnv` mvaviYZ dih wKdvqv Ges KLbv ev dih AvBb| iv cwZv nq `vIqvZi
gvag, wRnvì gvag bq| iv msviI nq `vIqvZi gvag, wRnvì gvag bq|
wZxqZ: cwZcvjKi wLjvdvZ
gnvb Avjvn ejb:
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 94

hLb Zvgvi cwZcvjK gvjvKMYK ejjb: Avwg cw_exZ GKRb jvwfwl mw KiwQ|204
iv cwZvK eo dih ej `vwe Ki Zviv ejb h, gnvb Avjvn gvbylK Zuvi ie~weqvZ ev cwZcvjbi wLjvdvZ
ev cwZwbwai `vwqZ c`vb KiQb| ie~weqvZi G `vwqZ cvjbB gywgbi eo dih| Avi G `vwqZ cvjbi Rb iv
eev Acwinvh|
eZ Zvì G `jxj-wU GKeviB AcvmwK| ivcwZvi `vwqZ KziAvb I nv`xmi Abvb evYx viv cgvwYZ|
Ze G AvqvZwUi mv_ G `vwqZi Kvbv mKB bB|
Ljxdv A_ jvwfwl ev Mwbkxb, whwb Abi AbycwwZZ Zvi j Aev b ev Kg Kib| Avjvn ejQb h,
wZwb Av`gK cw _exZ Ljxdv ev jvwfwl wnme ciY Kieb, Kvi jvwfwl Zv ejb wb| gydvm&wmiMY _K
wZbwU gZ cwm: (1) Beby Avevm (iv), Beby gvmE` (iv) cgyL mvnvexi gZ GLvb jvwfwl ejZ c~eeZx wRb
RvwZi jvwfwl eySvbv nqQ| (2) Beby hvB` I Abvb Kvbv Kvbv gydvm&wmii gZ GLvb Ljxdv ev jvwfwl
ejZ eySvbv nqQ h, Av`g mvbMY GK cRbi ci AviK cRb cw _exZ emevm Kie Ges cieZx cRb
c~eeZxì jvwfwl ne| (3) Bgvg Zvevix I Abvb KwZcq gydvm&wmi ejb h, GLvb Ljxdv A_ Avjvni LjxdvI
nZ cvi| A_r Av`g I Zuvi mvbMY cw _exZ Avjvni wbqg-eev cwZvi Rb ZuviB jvwfwl|205
Ljxdv k, Gi eePb Ges Gi wqvc` KziAvb Kvixg cvq 20 vb eeZ nqQ| G mKj eenvii AvjvK
om
my h, Ljxdv ejZ c~eeZx cRbi jvwfwl eySvbv nq| GRb KziAvbi eenvii AvjvK c_g I wZxq gZB
AwaK MnYhvM|
.c
ZZxq gZwUi welq c_g hyMi AbK Avwjg Avcw KiQb| Zuviv ejQb h, gvbylK Avjvni Ljxdv ejv
st
Bmjvgx wekvmi cwicx| KviY, Kviv gZz, vbvi ev Awe`gvbZvi KviYB Zvi jvwfwl, Mwbkxb ev Ljxdvi
cqvRb nq| Avi gnvb Avjvn Zv Gic Kvbv cqvRbxqZv _K gnv cwe| KziAvb Kv_vI gvbylK Avjvni Ljxdv
tru
ejv nq wb| nv`xm kixd ejv nqQ h, AvjvnB gvbyli Ljxdv ev jvwfwl nb| hgb mdii `yAvq ivm~jyjvn
ejZb: AvcwbB mdi (Avgvì) mv_x Ges cwievi (Avgvì) Ljxdv ev jvwfwl|206 GKew Ave~ evKi (iv)-K
ah
m^vab Ki ejb, n Avjvni Ljxdv| ZLb wZwb ejb, Avwg Avjvni Ljxdv bB, eis Avwg ivm~jyjvn ( )-Gi Ljxdv
ev jvwfwl|207
nn
GZ`mI cieZxKvj G AvqvZi Zvdmxi ZZxq gZwUB cwmw jvf Ki| wkqvMY G evLvK Zvì gZi
`jxj wnme MnY KiQb| Zvì gZ gvbyl Avjvni Ljxdv| Avi Avjvni wLjvdvZi cwic~YZv Bgvg ev iv cavbi
u
ga we`gvb _vKZ ne| GRb Zvì wekvm Abymvi Bgvg Avjvni MvBex vb I gZvi AwaKvix Ges Zvi wmvB
ss
P~ov agxq wmv ej MY|

ZZxqZ, `xbi weRq
.a
gnvb Avjvn KziAvb Kvixg GKvwaKevi cwZkwZ w`qQb h, wZwb `xbK cKvk ev weRq `vb Kieb| G mKj
w
AvqvZ _K Zviv `vwe Kib h, `xbK weRq Kivi `vwqZ DvZi eo dih|
Avgiv DjL KiwQ h, ivm~jyjvn I mvnvexMYi cvqvwMK mybvZ I evLv eRb Ki, ay wbRi gb I gbb
w
w`q KziAvbi A_ wbaviY Kiv Ges G A_i wfwZ KgcwZ wbaviY Kiv LvwiRxMYi wevwi AbZg KviY wQj|
w
wbtm`n `xbi weRq Bmjvgi wb`kbv| Ze weRqi A_ I cwZ ivm~jyjvn I mvnvexMYi gvag RvbZ ne|
Avgiv GLvb G mKj AvqvZi A_ I Gi evLvq mvnvex-Zvweqx I cieZx AvwjgMYi gZvgZ AvjvPbv Kie|
gnvb Avjvn ejb:

wZwbB ciY KiQb Zvi ivm~jK mwVK c_i wb`kbv I mZ `xb-mn; hb wZwb ZvK cKvk Kib mKj `xbi
Dci; hwÌ gykwiKMY Zv AcQ` Ki|208
KziAvb Aviv `y vb Avjvn Abyic K_v ejQb| 209 G mKj vb Avjvn ZvK mKj `xbi Dci Bhnvi
Kieb ej DjL KiQb| Bhnvi A_ cKvk Kiv| weRq Kiv A_I Zv eeZ nq|
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 95

Beby Avevm (iv) _K ewYZ nqQ h, G AvqvZi A_ Avjvn gynvv` ( )-K mKj agi mKj Z_ cKvk
Kieb ev Rvwbq wèb; hwÌ Bn~`x-Lvb I Abb agi Abymvixiv Zvì G mKj welq cKvk cvIqv AcQ` KiZ|
Abvb gydvm&wmi ejQb h, GLvb cKvk ev weRq ejZ ZvwK cKvk ev weRq eySvbv nqQ| mKj `xbi
Dci cKvk ev weRq ejZ mKj `xbi Abymvixì G `xb MnY Kiv ev mKj mgvR I ivi Dci gymwjg ivi weRq
eySvbv nq wb| eis Z, Z_, cgvY I hywZ mKj `xbi Dci G w`bK Avjvn cKvwkZ I weRqx Kieb ej
eySvbv nqQ|
Ave~ ivBiv (iv) I Abvb gydvm&wmi _K ewYZ nqQ h, kl hyM Cmv (Av)-Gi cybivMgYi gvag gnvb
Avjvn G `xbK P~ov weRq I cKvk `vb Kieb| m mgq weki mKj gvbyl G `xb MnY Kie Ges `xb GKgv
AvjvniB ne|210
wewfb nv`xm ivm~jyjvn gymwjg Dvni gcmvwiZ weRqi fwelvYx KiQb| GK nv`xm wZwb ejb:

Avjvn Avgvi Rb cw_exK msKzwPZ Kib, ZLb Avwg cw_exi c~e -cwg `Ljvg| Avi cw_exi hZUzKz Avgvi
Rb msKzwPZ Kiv nqwQj Zvi Zver vb Avgvi DvZi ivRZ cuQ hve|211
Ab nv`xm ivm~jyjvn ejb:
om
) (
) (
.c
wèviv hLvb cuQ mLvbB G `xb cuQve| G aivc Ggb GKwU evwo ev ZveyI Aewk _vKe bv hLvb G
st
`xb cuQve bv| cwZwU evwoZB Avjvn G `xb cuQveb, Kviv mvbi mv_ Kviv jvbvi mv_| KvDK Avjvn `xbi
tru
Abymvix nIqvi ZvIdxK w`q mvwbZ Kieb| Avi KD Gi ekZv ^xKvi Ki AbyMZ ne|212
eZ Avjvn Zuvi cwZkwZ c~Y KiQb| wZwb Zuvi gnvb ivm~j ( )-Gi gvag `xbK cKvwkZ I weRqx KiQb|
ah
hyw I cgvY Zuvi `xbi kZ cKvwkZ nqQ| iv cwZvi gvag G `xbK cKvwkZ I weRqx KiQb| Avi G
weRqi aviv AevnZ _vKe|
nn
Ggb bq h, ivm~jyjvn -Gi gvag AwRZ weRq Kvbv GK mgq GKevi nvwiq hve Ges Gici AvgvìK
bZzb Ki weRqi hvv i KiZ ne| eis weRqi aviv AevnZ iqQ| KziAvb-mybvni wb`kbv Ges mvnvexMY I
u
c~eeZxMYi Kgavivi AvjvK Avgvì `vwqZ njv, cZKi wbRi Rxeb `xb cvjb, wbRi mvagZ `xbi `vIqvZ,
ss
`xbi kì lohi Rvj DbvPb, Bmjvg weivax cPviYvi wg_vPvi DbvPb, Bmjvgi mwVK wP wekevmxi wbKU
Zzj aiv BZvw`| cvkvcvwk Bmjvgx ivwji ivRbwZK wwZkxjZv, A_bwZK mgw, Av`wkK I `xbx msvi BZvwì
.a
Rb h_vmva mP nIqv| wK weRq ARbi bvg Bmjvg wbwl Kvbv Kg ev mybvZ-ewnfyZ Kvbv cwZi AbymiY
w
Avgvì `vwqZ bq| Abyicfve djvdji wPv Avgvì `vwqZ bq|

PZz_Z : `xb cwZvi `vwqZ
w
iv cwZvK eo dih ej `vwe Kivi Rb Zviv `xb cwZvi wb`kK `wjj wnme ck KiZb| Zvì gZ,
w
`xb A_B iv Ges `xb cwZv-i A_B `xbx iv cwZv| Avi G `vwqZ njv mePq eo dih| KviY iv cwZwZ bv
nj `xbi Abvb AbK `vwqZ cvjb Kiv hvq bv ev `xbi Abvb AbK welq cwZv Kiv hvq bv|
eZ gnvb Avjvn `xb cwZvi wb`k w`qQb| iv eev `xbi Ask| `xbi Abvb welqi bvq mybvZ
wb`wkZ c_ Avgvì iv cwZvi `vwqZ cvjb KiZ ne| gnvb Avjvn ejQb:

wZwb Zvgvì Rb wewae KiQb `xb, hvi wb`k w`qwQjb wZwb b~nK- Avi hv Avwg Inx KiwQ AvcbvK-
Ges hvi wb`k w`qwQjvg Beivnxg, g~mv Ges CmvK, G ej h, Zvgiv `xb cwZv Ki Ges ZvZ `jv`wj-wewQbZv
Kiv bv|213
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 96

GLvb Avjvn G mKj bex-ivm~jK `xb cwZvi wb`k w`qQb ej RvwbqQb| AwaKvsk gydvm&wmi DjL
KiQb h, GLvb `xb ejZ ZvInx` eySvbv nqQ; KviY mKj bexi g~j `xb wQj ZvInx`| kixqZi wewaweavbi
Zuvì ga cv_K wQj|
KziAvb Kvixg bex I ivm~jMYi `vIqvZi h eYbv Ìqv nqQ Zv _KI welqwU eySv hvq| KziAvb Kvixg 25
Rb bex-ivm~ji K_v DjL Kiv nqQ| GQvov bvg DjL bv Ki Ab bexì `vIqvZi K_v DjL Kiv nqQ|
mKji B ZvInx`-KB Zvì `vIqvZi g~j welqB ej DjL Kiv nqQ| KziAvbi eYbv Abymvi Zvì
mKji `vIqvZi g~j welq wQj:
Avjvn Qvov Kvbv Dcvm bB, GKgv ZuviB Bev`Z Ki, ZuvK fq Ki Ges Zuvi ivm~ji AvbyMZ Ki, mKj
wec` ay ZuvKB WvK, GKgv ZuviB KvQ mvnvh PvI, ZuviB Rb mvR`v Ki, ZuviB Dci wbfi Ki, ZuviB Rb DrmM,
Kzievbx I RevB Ki| Avjvn Qvov Abvb hvì ev hv wKQzi Bev`Z Kiv nq Zvi Bev`Z eRb Ki, Zvì Bev`Z cvIqvi
hvMZv Awekvm Ki|
AwaKvsk bex-ivm~ji ZvInx` Qvov Ab Kvbv welq DjL Kiv nq wb| KqKRb bex-ivm~ji
ZvInxì cvkvcvwk PvwiwK, mvgvwRK I ivxq wewaweavb DjL Kiv nqQ| mKj Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~ji AvbyMZ
KiZ wb`k Ìqv nqQ|
Avjvn ejQb h, mKj bexKB `xb cwZvi wb`k w`qQb, Avi AwaKvsk bexB ZvInx` Qvov Ab wKQzi
om
`vIqvZ w`qQb ej KziAvb DjL Kiv nq wb| GRb AwaKvsk gydvm&wmi ejQb h, `xb cwZvi A_ ZvInx` cvjb
I ZvInxì `vIqvZ|
Ab AbK `xb ejZ ZvInx` I AvnKvgi mgw eywSqQb| KviY cZK bexK ZuvK c` `xb Kvqgi
.c
wb`k Ìqv nqQ|214
st
BKvgZi `xb ev `xb cwZv ejZ AwaKvsk gydvm&wmi `xb cvjb ev `xbi wb`kbv Abymvi Kg Kiv
eywSqQb| Bgvg gynvv` Beby Rvixi Zvevix (310 wn) ejb:
tru
): ) ( :
ah
. :) ( : .... . .(
`xb cwZv Ki K_vwUi A_ njv `xb cvjb Ki ev `xb Abymvi Kg Ki, hfve Zvgvì Rb Zv wewae Kiv
nn
nqQ Ges dih Kiv nqQ, hgbwU Avgiv BZvc~e mvjvZ cwZv Ki K_vwUi A_ cm DjL KiwQ| c~eeZx
(mvnvex-Zvweqx-Zvwe-Zvweqx hyMi) gydvm&wmiMY Gic evLvB KiQb| .... Zvweqx BmgvCj Beby Avyi ivngvb myx
u
(128 wn) ejb `xb cwZv Ki A_ `xb cvjb Ki|215

ss
G A_ Zvweqx gyRvwn` Beby Rvei (104 wn) ejb:

.
.a
Avjvn hZ bex ciY KiQb mKjKB mvjvZ Kvqg KiZ, hvKvZ c`vb KiZ, Avjvni cwZ wekvmi ^xKwZ
w
w`Z I Zuvi AvbyMZ KiZ wb`k w`qQb, Avi G-B njv `xb cwZv Kiv|216
w
Ab Zvweqx Aveyj Avwjqv idvBq Beby wgnivb (90 wn) ejb:

w

217
`xb cwZv njv Avjvni Rb BLjvm I Zuvi Bev`Z Kiv|
Kvbv Kvbv gydvm&wmi ejb:
. :
`xb cwZvi A_: Zvi iKbwj h_vh_ cvjb Kiv, Zvi ga weKwZi Abycek _K ZvK msiY Kiv, `xb
cvjb wbqgvbyeZx nIqv Ges Zv h_vh_ cvjbi Rb c~YDvgx nIqv|218
Gfve AwaKvsk mvnvex-Zvweqx I cvPxb gydvm&wmii gZvbymvi cwic~Y cvjbB cwZv Kiv| hgb mvjvZ cwZv
Kivi A_ hfve dih I wewae Kiv nqQ mfve Zv Av`vq Kiv| Avgiv `LwQ h, weRb cvii wbRbevmx
Avwe` ev`vi GKvKx mvjvZ Av`vqKI nv`xm BKvgvZ mvjvZ ejv nqQ| A_vr wZwb Zvi Rb h fve dih I
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 97

wewae Kiv nqQ mfve Zv cvjb KiQb|
eZ wbRi Rxeb `xbi cwic~Y cvjb A_ wbRi Rxeb `xbK cwZwZ Kiv| Abi Rxeb `xb cwZv Kiv,
A_vr Ab Kvbv gvbylK cwic~Y `xbi ga Avbqb Kiv gywgbi AvqZvaxb bq; G gyw gbi AvqZvaxb njv AbK
`xb cwic~Y cvjbi Avnvb Rvbvbv| KD Avnvb cZvLvb Kij ZvK Rei`w Ki Zv cvjb Kivbvi gZv ev `vwqZ
gywgbi bB|
Dcii AvqvZ DjwLZ PviRb ivm~j: b~n, Beivnxg, g~mv I Cmv (AvjvBwngym mvjvg)-Gi welq KziAvbi eYbv
_K Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, Zuvì ga b~n, Beivnxg I Cmv iv cwZv Kib wb ev iv I wRnv` welqK Kvbv `vIqvZ
`b wb| Zuviv ZvInx`, wimvjvZ, Cgvb, bK Kg, nvjvj-nvivg BZvw` welhK `vIqvZ w`qwQjb| wK Zvì mgvRi
AZ A gvbyl Zvì `vIqvZ MnY KiwQjb| GZ Zuvì `xb cwZvi `vwqZ Ac~Y _vK wb| g~mv (Av) Abvb
welqi cvkvcvwk Zvi RvwZK wRnvì `vIqvZ `b| Zvi RvwZ Zv cvjb KiZ A^xKvi Ki| ZLb wZwb Avjvni KvQ
Zuvi wbRi AmnvqZ cKvk Ki ejb:

n Avgvi cwZcvjK, Avgvi wbRi I Avgvi fvBqi Dci Qvov Avi Kviv Dci Avgvi KZZ-gvwjKvbv bB|
myZivs Zzwg Avgvì I dvwmK gvbylì ga weQ` Ki `vI|219
om
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, G mKj bex-ivm~j g~jZ wbRi Rxeb `xb cvjb Ges `xbi `vIqvZi welq Avjvni
wb`k cvjb KiB `xb cwZvi `vwqZ cvjb KiQb| Abiv MnY bv Kivq ev mgvR ev iv `xb gZvevb bv nIqvq
Zvi `xb cvjbi `vwqZ Ac~Y _vK wb|
.c
Avgiv Aviv `LwQ h, Abiv MnY KiK A_ev bv KiK ZvìK `vIqvZ Ìqv, A_vr wbRi Rxeb `xbi
st
cwic~Y cwZv I evevqbi cvkvcvwk AbìK `xbi `vIqvZ Ìqv `xb cvjbiB Ask| GRb Kvbv Kvbv
gydvm&wmi `xb cwZv ejZ `xb cvjb I `xbi `vIqvZ eySQb| wnRix 7g kZvxi cwm Avwjg Avyj Avhxh- Bh&h
tru
Beby Avym mvjvg (660 wn) G AvqvZi Zvdmxi ejb:
) (
ah
`xb cwZv Ki: A_vr `xb cvjb Ki A_e `xbi cwZ Avnvb Ki|220
nn
Kvbv Kvbv gydvm&wmi `xb cwZv Kiv ejZ HKefve `xbK AuvKo aiv eywSqQb; KviY GLvb ejv nqQ
`xb cwZv Ki Ges ZvZ `jv`wj Kiv bv| G_K eySv hvq h, `xbi welq HKe nIqvB `xb cwZv Kiv Ges
u
`xbi welq `jv`wj Kivi A_ `xb cwZv bv Kiv| gynvv` Beby BqvKe wdivhAvev`x (817 wn) Zvi msKwjZ
ss
Zvbexij wgKevm bvgK Zvdmxi M mvnvex Avyjvn Beby Avevm _K DZ KiQb h, wZwb ejQb:
) ( :) (
.a

w
w
`xb cwZv Ki: Avjvn mKj bexK wb`k w`qQb h, `xb cwZv Ki: A_vr `xbi welq HKgZ nI Ges
ZvZ `jv`wj Kiv bv A_vr `xbi welq gZf` Kiv bv|221
w
Bgvg Zvevix I Abvb gydvm&wmi cwm Zvweqx gydvm&wmi KvZv`v Beby wÀvgvn (115 wn) _KI Abyic Zvdmxi
DZ KiQb|222 G welq Avjvgv Beby Kvmxi (774 wn) ejb:
:) (
.
`xb cwZv Ki Ges ZvZ `jv`wj Kiv bv: A_vr gnvb Avjvn mKj bexK (AvjvBwngym mvjvg) wb`k w`qQb
fvjevmv I HKi Ges wbla KiQb `jv`wj I gZf` _K|223
GLvb DjL h, KziAvb Kvixg Avi Kv_vI BKvgvZ `xb evKvsk eenvi Kiv nq wb| nv`xm beexZI
BKvgZ `xb K_vwU Kv_vI Kvbvfve eeZ nqQ ej Rvbv hvq bv| Bmjvgx wdKn BKvgZ `xb ej Kvbv
cwifvlv bB| evnZ Gi KviY njv, `xb GKwU c~Yv eev| Gi e w`K iqQ| cZK w`Ki Rb c_K weavb
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 98

iqQ| mKj welqi mvgwK cvjb, `vIqvZ I HKeZv `xbi BKvgZ| cZK welqi BKvgZ ev cvjb, `vIqvZ I
HKeZv BKvgZ `xbi Ask| cZK welqi BKvgZ ev cvjb, `vIqvZ I HKeZvi c_K weavb iqQ| KvRB
BKvgZ `xb bvg Kvbv c_K cwifvlv ev weavb c`vb Kiv nq wb|
Dcii AvjvPbv _K Avgiv `LwQ h, gnvb Avjvn gyw gbìK `xb cwZvi wb`k w`qQb| Avi `xb cwZvi
A_ njv wbRi Rxeb `xbK cwZcvjb Ki cwZwZ ivLv| cvkvcvwk AbìK Zv cwZwZ ivLZ `vIqvZ Ìqv Ges
`xbi welq HKe _vKvI BKvgZ `xb ev `xb cwZvi Afy|
`xb Bmjvg GKwU c~Yv eev, hv wekvm, Kg, cwievi, mgvR I ivi mKj welq cqvRbxq weavb c`vb KiQ|
mKj weavbB `xb Ges cZKi wbRi Rxeb h weavb chvR Zv Avjvni wb`kbv gZ cvjb Kiv `xb cwZvi Ask|
cvkvcvwk `xbi mKj welqi `vIqvZ c`vbI `xb cwZvi Ask|
ZvInx`, Cgvb, mvjvZ, hvKvZ, wmqvg, cwievi, nvjvj-nvivg, wePvi-eev, A_-eev, iv-eev BZvw` mKj
welq Avjvni wb`k gZ cvjb Kiv, cvjbi `vIqvZ Ìqv I cvjb I `vIqvZ HKe _vKv `xb cwZvi wewfb w`K|
`xbi h Kvbv welq cvjb I `vIqvZB `xb cwZvi Ask| h gywgb ivxq `vwqZ iqQb Zvi Rb `xbi Abvb
weavbi bvq ivxq welq `xbi weavb cvjb Kiv `xb cwZvi Ask| Avi Abvb gywgbi Rb G welq ZvK I Abvb
mKjK `vIqvZ Ìqv `xb cwZvi Ask|
Avgiv AvMB ejwQ, Bmjvg iv eevi iZi welq `xb mK Awf Kvbv gymwjgB wgZ cvlY Kieb
om
bv| Ze `xb A_ ay iv ej gb Kiv, ay iv cwZvK `xb cwZv ej `vwe Kiv, iv cwZvi Pv bv Kij eo dih
ZiK ne Ges Ab Kvbv Bev`Z Keyj ne bv BZvw` wPvi Kvbv kixqZmZ wfw bB|
ivgZvi iZi welq RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb Zvì wjLwb I ee h mKj hyw ck KiZb mwji AbZg
.c
njv, iveev bv nj `xbi AbK weavb cvjb Kiv hvq bv Ges GKgv iv gZv nvZ _vKjB mgvRi mei `xb
st
cwZv Kiv me|
tru
Zvì G K_vi ga mZZv iqQ| iv-eevi BmjvgxKiYi iZ eySvZ `xbx `vIqvZi mv_ mswk AbKB
Gic K_v ejb| wK RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb G K_vK fyj A_ eenvi KiZb| G hyw w`q Zviv ivgZv `LjK eo
ah
dih ej cgvY KiZ Pv KiZb| Avgiv `LwQ h, Kvbv Bev`ZK Kvbv hyw w`q eo dih ejv hvq bv, eis
GRb KziAvb-mybni my wb`kbv cqvRb|
nn
G hyw w`q Zviv ivgZv `Lji Rb AviKvb Bmjvg, Abvb dih AvBb, IqvwRe ev ewRxebi iZc~Y
Bev`Z eRb Kiv ev nvivg-gvKin Kg wj nIqvi eaZv cgvY KiZb| Gwj my wevw Qvov wKQB bq|
u
Avgiv KziAvb, nv`xm I mvnvexMYi ee _K `LwQ h, AviKvbyj Bmjvg I Abvb dih-bdj Bev`Z
ss
cvjbB gywgbi Rxebi g~j Dk| iv ev weRb cvi, mgvR ev GKvKx, gymwjg `k ev Agymwjg `k mKj
Aevq I vb gywgb Bev`Z-e`Mx cvjb Kieb| wRnv` I ivgZv Bev`Zi wbivcv I ^vaxbZv ivi gvag ev
.a
DcKiY| Giv welqwUK Dv Ki eySb| Zviv ejb, wRnv` I ivgZvB gywgb Rxebi g~j Dk| AviKvbyj Bmjvg
I Abvb Bev`Z meB wRnv` I ivgZv `Lj I msiYi DcKiY gv| GRb ivgZvi Rb meB Kiv hvq ev meB
w
ev` Ìqv hvq ej Zviv `we KiZb|

w
GQvov Zviv eySvZb h, iv gZv `Lji AvM ZvInx`, AvnKvg, Bjg, AvZw BZvwì cvjb I `vIqvZ
w
iZnxb| hviv Gwji cvjb I `vIqvZi gvag `xb cwZvi ev `xbi Gw`Kwj cwZvi Pv KiZb ZvìK `xb
cwZvi weivax ej MY KiZb| GKgv ivgZv MnYi cPvKB Zviv `xb cwZv ej gb KiZb| Zvì G
mKj gZvgZ `xb, `xb cwZvq bex-ivm~jMYi KgcwZ, ivm~jyjvn I mvnvexMYi mybvZ, gvbecKwZ I Bmjvgi
BwZnvm mK cMvp AZvi mv_ AveMi mswgkYi dj|
ivgZvi cwieZb ev `Lj Kvbv ew ev Mvxi KgKvi Dci wbfi Ki bv| nvRvi eQii gywhy, mk msMvg,
MYZvwK KgKv, cPvi BZvwì gvagI gZvi cwieZb ev `Lj Ame nZ cvi| `Lj njI Zv e`Lj nZ cvi| `xb
cwZv ev `vIqvZK ivgZv wbqYi Aaxb ej wPv Kiv `xb cwZv I `xbi weRq ARbi KziAvb-mybvni wkvi
mv_ mvsNwlK I Aeve wPv|
ivkvmb eev Ges G eevi cqvM wbqvwRZ gvbyl- G `yqi mg^q iveev cwiPvwjZ nq| wLjvdvZ
ivwk`vi ci Bmjvgx eev GKBic AvQ, wK eevi cqvMi gvbyli cwieZb NUQ| Zuvì ci Avi KLbvB
Zuvì gZ gvbyl Avme bv| GRbB wewfb nv`xm evisevi ejv nqQ h, Bmjvgx iveevq g` I fvj Avme,
Ze KLbvB c_g mgqi gZ ne bv|
Avi wLjvdZ ivwk`vi ci _K mKj gymwjg mgvRi Aev chvjvPbv Kij Avgiv `wL h, Kvbv miKviB
mgvRi cvc, AbvPvi BZvw` `~i Ki wb| iv ev miKvi ivi wbivcv iv KiQ Ges fvj ev g`fve AvBbi cqvM
KiQ| Bmjvgx g~jevai weKvk, bvqi Av`k, Abvqi wbla, Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ BZvw` g~jZ Avwjg-Djvgv,
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 99

cxi-gvkvBL I `vqxMYi gvagB mb nqQ| fvj Bmjvgx iv eoRvi `vIqvZi cwiek iv KiQ| cvi
AbK Lvivc Bmjvgx iv `vIqvZK evavM KiQ|
KvRB iv njB me nq hve A_ev iv bv nj wKQzB ne bv- Gic wPv gvbe cKwZ I Bmjvgi BwZnvm
mK AZv-cm~Z AveMZvwoZ K_v| g` ev fvj Dfq Aevq `vqx-MY `vIqvZ GwMq wbeb| `vIqvZi
gvagB ivxq welq Ryj~g, AbvPvi, AZvPvi I Bmjvgx weavb jNb `~i KiZ Ges fvj ev `vIqvZ-eve (Dawah-
Friendly) miKvi jvf KiZ Pv Kieb|
Abyicfve ivi Awe`gvbZvq ev wePzwZZ gywgbi `xb wZM nq ev gywgb cvcx nq ej wPv Kivi Kvbv
kixqZ mZ wfw bB| G K_v ejv hvq h, weevn bv Kij, m` bv _vKj ev gZv bv _vKj `xbi AbK weavb
cvjb Kiv hvq bv| wK Gi A_ G bq h, weevn Kiv, m` ARb Kiv ev gZv jvf Kiv mePq eo dih| A_ev ejv
hvq bv, h gywgb kixqZ mZ IRii Kvib weevn Kib wb, m`kvjx nZ cvib wb ev gZvkvjx nZ cvib wb wZwb
Zvi mvagZ `xbi weavbwj cvjb KijI Zv Keyj ne bv ev wZwb cvcx ej MY neb|
hviv ivxq `vwqZ iqQb Zviv ivxq welq Avjvni wb`k Agvb Kij cvcx neb| hvi m` AvQ Zvi Rb
hvKvZ Ìqv hgb dih, hvi gZv AvQ Zvi Rb gZv Avjvni wb`kgZ eenvi Kiv, `ybxwZ e Kiv, AwaKvi I
bqwePvi wbwZ KivI Zgvwb dih| Abiv G welq `vIqvZ Ìqvi ciI mswkiv bv gvbj Zvì cvc _vK bv|
KvRB ewMZ cwZwnsmv, AveM ev `Z djvdji Rb kixqZ wbwl Kvbv KvRK eo dih cvjbi AhynvZ
om
eaZv Ìqvi myhvM bB| GgbwK G `vwqZ cvjbi AhynvZ Kvbv mybvZ-gymZvnve Kg cwiZvMI gywgbi `vwqZ bq|
mybvZi ewZg cwZ AbymiYI gywgbi Rb wZKi|
.c
3. 10. mgvR cwieZb mvnvex I cieZxì Kgaviv
mgvR-cwieZb, msvi, iv-cwZv BZvw` welqK mgKvjxb MelYvi cvq mKjB GKwU wekl fyji ga
st
wbcwZZ nb| Zv nj, Zviv k~b _K ii welq wPv Kib| Zviv aviYv Kib h, Bmjvgx mgvR ev iv ejZ wKQzB
tru
we`gvb bB; KvRB AvgvìK k~b _K i KiZ ne| ivm~jyjvn hgb GKwU Kvwdi mgvR `vIqvZ w`q
Bmjvgx mgvR I iv cwZv KiwQjb, AvgvìKI Zgwb GKwU Kvwdi mgvRK cwieZb KiZ ne| c~ei AvjvPbv
ah
_K Avgiv eySwQ h, G mKj wPvi wfw AviKwU fyji Dci, Zv njv cvci KviY gymwjg ew, mgvR ivK
Agymwjg ej MY Kiv| Rb ev bv-Rb AmZKfve Avgi G fyji ga wbcwZZ nB|
nn
ivm~jyjvn Bmjvgx `xb, mgvR I iv cwZwZic Avgvì Rb iL wMqQb| wZwb wewfb nv`xm evisevi
fwelvYx KiQb h, G eev q wePzwZ Avme, Avevi wKQz fvj ne, Avevi wePzwZ Avme| Avevi wKQz fvj ne|
u
KLbv ne îZvwK ivRZ Ges KLbv ne byeyIqvZi cwZZ RbMYZvwK wLjvdvZ| GfveB PjZ _vKe wKqvgZ
ss
ch| G eev GKevi wejxb ne bv, Avevi wLjvdvZ ivk`vi gZ cwic~Y eevI Avi Avme bv|
KvRB eZgvb mgvRwjK gvi Kvwdi mgvRi gZ Kbv Kivi Kvbv myhvM bB| eis G mKj mgvR DgvBqv,
.a
Avevmx, dvwZgx, evwZbx, KvivwgZx, gvMj, ZvZvi I Abvb iv I mgvRi gZ| G `xbx `vIqvZ, cwieZb ev
w
msvii Rb AvgvìK c~eeZx mgvR I ivwjZ mvnvex-Zvweqx I cieZx AvwjgMYi Kgaviv chvjvPbv KiZ
ne| KziAvb-nv`xmi wb`kbvi AvjvK Ges Zuvì Kgavivi wfwZ AvgvìK wmv MnY KiZ ne|
w
3. 10. 1. gymwjg mgvR iv msvi nv`xmi wb`kbv

w
Avgiv `LwQ h, mgKvjxb gymwjg ivwj DgvBqv, Avevmx, dvwZgx, evwZbx BZvw` gymwjg ivi gZB cvc
wj gymwjg iv| G mKj iv `xbi Abvb welqi bvq ivxq cvc, AbvPvi, AwePvi I Bmjvg weivax KgKvi
wei Avcw I cwZev` Kiv Ges Gjv `~i Kivi `vIqvZ Ìqv `xb cwZvi AweQ` Ask| cvkvcvwk G mKj ivi
gymwjg bvMwiKi Rb ivxq AvbyMZ eRvq ivLv I AvBb-kLjv eRvq ivLvI `xb cwZvi AweQ` Ask|
ivm~jyjvn G welq AbK wb`kbv w`qQb| BZvc~e AvbyMZ, RvgvAvZ, evBAvZ BZvw` cm G welqK
KqKwU nv`xm Avgiv DjL KiwQ| Avgiv `LwQ h, ivm~jyjvn ejQb:
(1) KD Zvi kvmK ev ckvmK _K Kvb AcQ`bxq welq `Lj ZvK ah aviY KiZ ne| KviY hw` KD
RvgvAvZ (gymwjg mgvR ev ivi HK)-Gi evBi GK weNZI ei nq hvq Ges G Aevq gZy eiY Ki, Zvnj m
Rvwnjx gZy eiY Kij|
(2) h ew AvbyMZ _K ei nq Ges HK _K wewQb nq gZz eiY Kij m Rvwnjx gZz eiY Kij|
(3) h ew ivxq AvbyMZ _K wbRK ei Ki wbj wKqvgZi w`b Avjvni mv_ mvvZ nj m wbRi Rb
Kvb IRi ck KiZ cvie bv| Avi h ew Ggb Aevq gZz eiY Kij h, Zvi Mjvq Kvb evBAvZ ev ivxq
AvbyMZi AxKvi bB m ew Rvwnjx gZy eiY Kij|
(4) AwPiB Zvgvì Dci AbK kvmK-ckvmK Avme hviv bvq I Abvq Dfq cKvii KvR Kie| h ew
Zvì AbvqK NYv Kie m Abvqi Aciva _K gy ne| Avi h ew Avcw Kie m (Avjvni Amw _K)
Contents
Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 100

wbivcv cve| wK h G mKj Abvq KvR gb be ev Zvì AbymiY Kie (m euvPZ cvie bv|) mvnvexMY ejb,
n Avjvni ivm~j, Avgiv wK Zvì wei hy Kie bv? wZwb ejb, bv, hZY Zviv mvjvZ Av`vq Kie|
(5) wkqvi _vKe! Zvgvì Kviv Dci hw` Kvbv kvmK-ckvmK wbhy nb Ges m `LZ cvq h, D
kvmK-ckvmK Avjvni AevaZvi Kvbv KvR wj nQb, Ze m hb Avjvni AevaZvi D KgK NYv Ki, wK
AvbyMZ _K nvZ wUq bv bq|
(6) hLb Zvgiv Zvgvì kvmK-ckvmKMY _K Ggb wKQz `Le hv Zvgiv AcQ` Ki, ZLb Zvgiv Zvi
KgK AcQ` Kie, wK Zvi AvbyMZ _K nvZ wUq wbe bv|
(7) fwelZ AbK wePzwZ-Abvq msNwUZ ne| hw` Ggb NU h, G DvZi HKe _vKv Aevq KD Gm
m HK web Ki wefw mw KiZ Pvq Ze m hB nvK bv Kb Zvgiv ZvK Zievix w`q AvNvZ Kie| Ab
eYbvq: Zvgvì welqwU GKewi welq HKe _vKv Aevq (GKRb ivcavbi Aaxb _vKv Aevq) Kvbv
GKew hw` Gm Zvgvì HK web KiZ ev RvgvAvZ wef KiZ Pvq Ze ZvK nZv Kie|
(8) hw` `yRb Ljxdvi evBqvZ Kiv nq Ze h ci evBqvZ wbqQ ZvK nZv Kie|
(9) Avyjvn Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ejb:

om
gymwjgi `vwqZ ivi AvbyMZ Kiv, Zvi cQ`bxq-AcQ`bxq mKj welq, hZY bv Kvbv cvci wb`k
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Ìqv nq| hw` Kvbv cvci wb`k Ìqv nq Ze m welq Kvbv AvbyMZ bB| 224
(10) Ab nv`xm Dev`v Bebym mvwgZ ejb: st

tru
: )
ah
(
nn
Avgiv ivm~jjy v n -Gi evBqvZ Kijvg h, Avgiv K I Avivg, Dxcbvq I AvcwZ Ges Avgvì wei
elgg~jK AvPiY Kiv njI ivi AvbyMZ Kie, ivi `vwqZcvì _K gZv wQwbq bIqvi Pv Kie bv Ges
u
Avjvni welq Kviv wb`v-Avcwi fq-Zvqvv bv Ki hLvbB _vwK bv Kb n K_v eje| Ab eYbvq: Avgiv
ss
gZvcvì _K gZv wQwbq wbZ Pv Kie bv, Ze wZwb ejb: Zvgiv hw` my evLvZxZ Kzdi `LZ cvI,
h welq Zvgvì KvQ Avjvni c _K my cgvY iqQ (Ze m gZvcviv Zvì G AwaKvi nvive)|
.a
225
(11) hvBdv Bebyj Bqvgvb ejb,

w

Avwg ejjvg, n Avjvni ivm~j, Avgiv g` Aevq wQjvg, Gici Avjvn fvj Aev c`vb Kijb, hvi ga
Avgiv GLb iqwQ| Gici wK Avevi g` iqQ? wZwb ejjb, nuv| Avwg ejjvg, m gì ci wK Avevi fvj iqQ?
wZwb ejjb: nuv| Avwg ejjvg, m fvji ci wK Avevi g` iqQ? wZwb ejb: nuv| Avwg ejjvg, Zv Kgb? wZwb
ejb, Avgvi ci Ggb AbK kvmK ne hviv Avgvi Av`k MnY Kie bv Ges Avgvi ixwZ cvjb Kie bv| Zvì ga
Ggb AbK gvbyl _vKe hvì Ai njv gvbe `ni ga kqZvbi Ai| Avwg ejjvg: n Avjvni ivm~j, Avwg hw`
Gic Aevq cwo Zvnj Kx Kie? wZwb ejb: Zzwg kvmKi K_v be I AvbyMZ Kie, hwÌ Zvgvi c`k AvNvZ
Kiv nq Ges Zvgvi m` Ko bqv nq ZeyI Zzwg K_v be I AvbyMZ Kie|226
Contents

(12) Ave~ hvi (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ZuvK ejb:

hLb Zvgvi Dci Ggb kvmK-ckvmKMY _vKe hviv mvjvZK Zvi mgqi ci Av`vq Kie ev mvjvZK Zvi mgqi
ci wbq nZv Kie ZLb Zvgvi Kx Aev ne? Avwg ejjvg, Avcwb AvgvK GgZvevq Kx KiZ wb`k `b? wZwb ejb:
Zzwg Iqv Abymvi mvjvZ Av`vq Kie| Gici hw` Zvì mv_ mvjvZ cvI Zvnj Zvì mv_ Zv Av`vq Kie; Avi Zv
Zvgvi Rb bdj ej MY ne|227
G _K Avgiv eySZ cvwi h, kvmK-ckvmKMY hw` RvMwZK ev agxq AcQ`bxq I Abvq KgKv wj nb Ze
Zvì Abvqi cwZ NYv, Avcw I cwZev` mn Zvì AvbyMZ I mvgvwRK kLjv eRvq ivLZ ne| G welq Aviv
AbK nv`xm nv`xmMwj msKwjZ iqQ| mnxn gymwjgi wKZveyj BgvivZ cvV Kij cvVK G welqK Aviv AbK
nv`xm RvbZ cvieb| g~jZ G mKj nv`xm G welqK KziAvbx wb`kbvi evLv| G welq gnvb Avjvn ejb:

om
n gywgbMY, Zvgiv AvbyMZ Ki Avjvni, Ges AvbyMZ Kiv ivm~ji Ges Zvgvì ga _K KZZi
AwaKvixì| AZtci Kvbv welq hw` Zvgiv gZweiva Ki Zvnj Zv Avjvn I ivm~ji w`K wdwiq `vI; hw` Zvgiv
.c
Avjvn I kl w`bi Dci Cgvb iL _vK| GwU Dg Ges cwiYvg DrKZi|228
st
G AvqvZ Avjvn Zuvi I Zuvi ivm~ji AvbyMZi wb`k w`qQb| Gici Dwjj Avgi-Gi AvbyMZi wb`k
w`qQb| AviexZ Dj~ ev Djx ki A_ gvwjKMY ev AwaKvwiMY| Avi Avgi A_ Av`k| Djyj Avgi A_
tru
Av`ki gvwjKMY|
Dj~j Avgi ev Av`ki gvwjKMY ejZ KvìK eySvbv nqQ m welq wZbwU gZ iqQ: (1) ivxq gZvi
ah
gvwjKMY, (2) Avwjg I dKxnMY I (3) mvnvexMY| wbtm`n AvwjgMY I mvnvexMYi AbymiY I AvbyMZ iZc~Y welq|
Ze Av`ki gvwjKvbv g~jZ ivxq gZv I KZZi AwaKvixì; KviY ZvivB g~jZ Av`ki gvwjK, hvì Av`k cvjb
nn
KiZ mvaviY gvbyl eva nq Ges hvì Av`k cvjb bv Kij Akvwi mw nq| GRb Bgvg Zvevix ejb:
:
u
][
ss
mwVK gZ njv, h Djyj Avgi ev Av`ki gvwjKMY ejZ ivxq kvmK-ckvmKMYK eySvbv nqQ| KviY
.a
wewfb mnxn nv`xm cgvwYZ nqQ h, ivm~jyjvn Avjvni AvbyMZi ga Ges gymwjg mgvRi ^v_ msiY ivcavb,
I ivxq `vwqZcvì AvbyMZ KiZ wb`k w`qQb|229
w
A_vr hviv mvgvwRK ev ivxq KZZi AwaKvix ev gvwjK Zvì wb`k gvb Kiv I AvbyMZ Kiv gywgbi `xbx
w
`vwqZ| G `vwqZ cvjbi wewfb w`K Dcii nv`xmwjZ evLv Kiv nqQ| Bgvg Zvevix I Abvb gydvm&wmi, gynvwm
w
I dKxn G AvqvZi evLvq I G cm Dcii nv`xmwj I mgv_K Abvb nv`xm DjL KiQb|
Avgvì mgvR AbK gb Kib, wLjvdZ ivk`vi gZ Bmjvgx ivi B G AvqvZ I G mKj nv`xm
chvR, Avgvì gZ iv mwj chvR bq| aviYvwU mwVK bq; KviY ivm~jyjvn Gic Kvbv kZ Avivc Kib wb|
eZ G nv`xmwj wLjvdvZ ivk`vi gZ ivi ejv nq wb| KviY Zvì mgq kvmKMY cvc, Abvq ev
Bmjvg weivwaZvq wj nb wb| Zvì hyM mvjvZ nZv Kiv nq wb Ges gvbyli Lvjm kqZvbi Ai wewk bZeì
Avwefve nq wb| Gwj meB cieZx hyMi Rb ejv nqQ| mvnvexMY I cieZx AvwjgMY DgvBqv, Avevmx, dvwZgx,
evwZbx, wkqv, ivwdhx, gvMj, ZvZvi I Abvb mKj ivi B G mKj wb`k chvR ej MY KiQb| Avi
mgKvjxb gymwjg `kwj G mKj ivi Pq ewZg wKQzB bq| G mKj ivI Dcii nv`xmwj I mgv_K nv`xmwji
mvgwMK wkvi AvjvK wmv MnY KiZ ne| G mKj nv`xmi AvjvK Avgiv iv cwZv ev iv-msvii welq
KqKwU g~jbxwZ jvf Kwi:
(1) iveev cwZwZ ivLv
Dchy mKj nv`xmi wb`kbv h, gymwjg mgvR iveev cwZwZ ivLZ ne Ges gywgbK AekB ivxq KvVvgvi
Contents

ga Rxebhvcb KiZ ne| G mKj nv`xmi AvjvK AvwjgMY ejQb h, gymwjg mgvR Bgvg wbqvM ev Ljxdv
wbqvM dih wKdvqv| GLvb Bgvg ev Ljxdv ejZ ivcavb eySvbv nqQ| G ivcavbK Bgvg, Ljxdv, ivRv, mgvU,
Avgxij gywgbxb, cwmWU, ivcwZ BZvw` h bvgB AvLvwqZ Kiv nvK bv Kb, ivcavb wbqvMi gvag iveev
cwZwZ ivLv gymwjg mgvRi Dci dih wKdvqv Ges ivcavb ev ivi AvbyMZ Kiv cZK gymwjgi Dci dih AvBb|230
(2) evBqvZ, RvgvAvZ I ZvAvZ
ivcavb iveevi cZxK| Zvi AvbyMZi cZxK evBqvZ| gywgbK ivxq AvbyMZi AxKvi enb KiZ ne|
mKj cwiwwZZ RvgvAvZ ev ivxq HK eRvq ivLZ ne| ivi bvMwiKMY ev msLMvwi bvMwiK Kvbv wmv MnY
Kij ev gb wbj wbRi ewMZ, `jMZ ev MvxMZ gZvgZ eRb Ki iv I mgvRi HK eRvq ivLZ ne| evBqvZ I
RvgvAvZi cvkvcvwk ZvAvZ ev AvbyMZ eRvq ivLZ ne| kvmK-ckvmKì AvbyMZ Bmjvg wb`wkZ `vwqZ| miKvii
Ryjyg, Abvq ev cvci KviY AvbyMZi G `vwqZ iwnZ nq bv| h wb`k ev AvBb cvc bq Zv gvb Kiv gywgbi `xbx `vwqZ|
(3) cvc HK ev AvbyMZ bB
h welq KziAvb-nv`xm viv wbwl bq Gic welqB HK I AvbyMZi weavb| iv hw` Kvbv cvci wb`k `q
Zvnj m wb`k gvb Kiv ev m welq AvbyMZ Kiv gywgbi Rb wbwl| cvci wb`k gywgb cvjb Kib bv| Avevi
cvci wb`ki KviY Abvb mvaviY weavb I AvBb Agvb Kib bv|
(4) NYv, Avcw ebvg ^xKwZ
om
iv, ivcavb, miKvi ev kvmK-ckvmKi cvci gywgbi `vwqZ NYv I Avcw| kvmK-ckvmKì cvc
`ycKvii: Zvì Rxebi ewMZ cvc Ges cvci wb`kbv ev cvcwbfi AvBb, bxwZ ev weavb cYqb| mKj
gywgbi b~bZg `vwqZ cvcK NYv Kiv| Gici gywgb mvagZ Avcw I cwZev` Kieb| Gic cvc gb bIqv, ^xKwZ
.c
Ìqv, cvci welq Zvì Abym iY Kiv ev Gi c Aevb bIqv gywgbi Rb wbwl|
st
cvci NYv, Avcw ev cwZevì A_ Abvb welq ivxq AvbyMZ eRvq iL ivxq kLjvi ga NYv, Avcw I
cwZev` Rvbvbv| AbK mgq AveMx gywgb Abvqi cwZev` KiZ hq iv`vwnZv, kLjv f, AvBb Agvb, AvBb
tru
wbRi nvZ Zzj bIqv ev Abyic Abvq I cvc wj nq| LvwiRxMY bvqi Av`k I Abvqi wblai bvg Gic Abvq
wj nZv| mvnvexMY ZvìK ivxq AvbyMZ I AvBb cvjbi K_v ejj Avcw KiZ| GK NUbvq KwZcq LvwiRx hvBdv
ah
(iv)-K ej, Avgiv wK bvqi Av`k I Abvqi wbla KiZ cvie bv?! Avcwb wK Zv Kieb bv?! wZwb ejb:

nn
bvqi Av`k I Abvqi wbla wbtm`n fvj KvR| Ze Zvgvi ivcavbi wei ev Zvi wb`ki evBi
u
AaviY, ejcqvM ev we`vn Kiv mybvZ mZ bq| 231

ss
Dcii g~jbxwZwji AvjvK ivxq msvii welqwU fvjfve Dcjw KiZ AvgvìK G welq mvnvex-Zvweqx
I cieZx hyMwji cwm Avwjg, Bgvg, cxi-gvkvBL I msviKMYi Kgaviv chvjvPbv KiZ ne| mRb gnvb
.a
Avjvni wbKU ZvIdxK cv_bv KiwQ|

w
3. 10. 2. mvnvex I cieZxì Kgaviv

Avgiv BZvc~e DjL KiwQ h, wLjvdZ ivwk`vi ci _K mKj Bmjvgx ivB iv cwiPvjbvq Bmjvgx
w
wewaweavbi Kgewk jNb NUQ| kvmK wbevPb I iv cwiPvjbvq RbMYi civgk MnY, RbMYi wbKU Revew`wnZv,
w
gvbevwaKvi, AvgvbZ I bvqwePvi wbwZ Kiv, wbicfve AvBbi kvmb cwZv I AvBb cqvM BZvw` AMwYZ Bmjvgx
wb`kbv Kg ev ewk jwNZ nqQ GmKj iv| ivcavb ev kvmKMY wbRìKB AvBb ev AvBb`vZv ej gb
KiQb| KziAvbx wewaweavb I AvBbK ecivqvfve Aenjv KiQb| GgbwK mvjvZi mgqI cwZI cwieZb Kiv
nqQ|
G mKj cwiwwZZ mvnvexMY wKfve msvi, cwZev` I `xb cwZvi `vwqZ cvjb KiQb Zv Avgvì Mfxifve
cheY KiZ ne| KviY KziAvb-mybvni wb`kbv Abyaveb I cvjb Zuviv DvZi AbyKiYxq Av`k| gnvb Avjvn
ejb:

gynvwRi I Avbmviw`Mi ga hviv c_g AMMvgx Ges hviv wbvi mv_ Zvì AbymiY KiQb, Avjvn Zvì
cwZ m Ges ZvivI Avjvni cwZ m| Ges wZwb Zvì Rb cZ KiQb RvbvZ, hvi wbg`k b`x cevwnZ, h_vq
Contents

Zviv wPivqx ne| G gnvmvdj|232
GLvb gyw gbMYK `yfvM fvM Kiv nqQ: (1) c_g AMMvgx gynvwRiMY I AvbmviMY Ges (2) Zuvì cieZxMY|
Avjvn NvlYv KiQb h, c_g fvMi cwZ Avjvn m Ges Zvì Rb RvbvZ cZ KiQb| Avi wZxq fvMi Rb
Avjvni mw I RvbvZ jvfi c~ekZ c_g kYxi mvnvexMYK wbvi mv_ AbymiY Kiv|
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, AMMvgx gynvwRi I AvbmviMYi AbymiY mdjZvi gvcKvwV| Zvì AbymiYi
mevM wQjb Zvì mgmvgwqK Abvb mvnvex| Gici Zvweqx-Zvwe-ZvweqxMY|
ivm~jyjvn Zuvi DvZK Zuvi mvnvexì Rxeb cwZ I gZvgZi Dci wbfi KiZ wb`k w`qQb| wZwb
ejQb:

Zvgvì ga hviv Avgvi ci euP _vKe Zviv AbK gZweiva `LZ cve| G Zvgvì `vwqZ Avgvi
mybZ I myc_cv Lyjvdvq ivk`xbi mybvZ Abym iY Kiv| Zvgiv `pfve Zv AuvKo aie, Kvbv cKviB Zvi evBi
hve bv| Avi Zvgiv (Avgvi I Lyjvdvq ivk`xbi mybvZi evBi) bZzb DvweZ mKj welq meZvfve cwinvi Kie;
KviY mKj bZzb DvweZ welqB weÀvZ Ges mKj weÀvZB wevw I c_Zv|233
om
Avyjvn Beby Avgi (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn mvnvexìK gymwjg Dvni ga gZweiva mK mZK Kib|
mvnvexMY ck Kib, G Kvb& `j mwVK ej MY ne? wZwb ejb:
.c
)(
st
Avwg Ges Avgvi mvnvex-mxiv eZgvb h gZ I c_i Dci AvwQ mB gZ I c_i Dci hviv _vKe ZvivB
myc_cv|234
tru
mvnvex, Zvweqx I Zvwe-Zvweqx- G wZb cRbi gvbylì avwgKZvi cksmv KiQb ivm~jyjvn | Bgivb Beby
mvBwqb (iv) ejb, ivm~jyjvn ejQb:
ah
." (
)
nn
Avgvi DZi mePq fvjv hyM Avgvi hyM, h hyMi gvbyli ga Avwg cwiZ nqwQ (A_vr mvnvexMY), Avi
Zvì ci mePq fvjv Zvì cieZx hyMi gvbyl (A_v r ZvweqxMb), Avi Gi ci Zvì cieZx hyMi gvbyl (A_v r
u
Zvwe ZvweqxMY)|235
ss
G A_ Ave~ ivBiv, eyivB`v Avmjvgx, bygvb Beby evkxi ( ) cgyL mvnvex _K c_K c_K mnxn mb` nv`xm
ewYZ nqQ| Kvbv Kvbv nv`xm mvnvexMYi ci wZb cRbi K_v ejv nqQ|236
.a
GRb KziAvb I nv`xmi wb`kbv mwVK Abyaveb I evevqbi Rb AvgvìK mvnvexMYi Kgaviv Ges
w
ZrcieZx wZb cRbi Kgaviv weePbv KiZ ne|

w
DgvBqv hyM mvnvexMY iv I miKvii Gic wePzwZ cZ KiQb| wK KLbvB Zviv G KviY iv ev
miKviK Kvwdi ev AbmjvwgK ej MY Kib wb| eis Zuviv mvagZ Gì Abvqi Avcw vcb-mn Gì AvbyMZ
w
envj iLQb| Gì wcQb mvjvZ Av`vq KiQb Ges Gì bZZ wRnv` AskMnY KiQb|
cieZxKvjI Kvbv Bgvg, dKxn ev Avwjg G KviY G mKj ivK `vij nie ev Kvwdi iv ej gb Kib
wb| Zviv mvagZ mskvab I cwieZbi Pv KiQb| mv_ mv_ ivxq AvbyMZ I msnwZ eRvq iLQb| 237 Zuviv
me`v kvwc~Y cvq Abvqi cwZev` KiZ Drmvn w`Zb Ges wRnv` ev Av`k-wblai bvg AaviY, AvBb-jNb,
iv`vwnZvi Dvwb BZvw` wbla KiZb| G welq Zuvì AMwYZ wb`kbv nv`xmMmg~n msKwjZ nqQ|238
mvnvex-ZvweqxMYi hyM KLbv KLbv Zuvì KD KD ivi wei hy KiQb, Ze Zv ivK Kvwdi gb Ki
ev Bmjvgx iv cwZvi Rb bq eis Abvb cvwicvwkK KviY Zv NUQ|
3. 10. 2. 1. hy ebvg miKvi cwieZbi Pv
Contents
KziAvb-nv`xmi Dci AvjvwPZ wb`kvewji AvjvK mvnvex-ZweqxMY I ZrcieZx hyMi AvwjgMY miKvi
cwieZbi bvg we`vn, AvBb Agvb, AvBb wbRi nvZ Zzj bIqv I ivxq AvbyMZ eRb wbwl ej MY KiZb|
mvaviYfve G g~jbxwZi welq mKj GKgZ njI, c_g hyMi KqKwU hy Avgvì `w AvKlY Ki|
Gwj njv, mvnvexMYi hyM Avjx (iv)-Gi wei Zvjnv, hyevBi, Avqkv I gyAvweqv ( )-Gi hy, Bqvwhì
wei mvBb (iv)-Gi hy Ges gviIqvb I Avyj gvwjKi wei Avyjvn Beby hyevBi (iv)Gi hy| Zvweqx I Zvwe-
ZvweqxMYi hyM Avyj gvwjKi (wLjvdvZ 65-86) wei Avyi ivngvb Beby gynvv` Bebyj AvmAvmi (85 wn)
we`vn Zvweqx mvC` Beby RyevBi (94wn) I Abvb KwZcq Zvweqxi AskMnY, DgvBqv Ljxdvì wei Bgvg mvBbi
c hvB` Beby Avjxi (122 wn) hy, Ges Avevmx Ljxdv gvbm~ii wei Avjx (iv)-Gi eskai, bvdm hvwKqvn bvg
cwiwPZ cwm Zvwe-Zvweqx gynvv` Beby Avyjvn (92-147 wn)-Gi we`vn|
jYxq h, mvnvexMYi hyMi hywj KvbvwUB miKvi cwieZbi Rb we`vn wQj bv Ges Zviv miKvii
KZZ cwZwZ nIqvi ev KZZi ^xKwZ Ìqvi ci miKvi cwieZbi Rb we`vn ev hy Kib wb| g~jZ Gwj wQj
miKvii KZZ ^xKvii AvM Zvi KvQ kixqZ wb`wkZ `vwe-`vIqv ck KiZ hq AwbQvKZ hy, A_ev `yciB
ivxq gZv jvfi `vwei KviY|
Avjx (iv)-Gi mv_ Zvjnv, hyevBi, Avqkv I gyAvweqv (ivw`qvjv Avbg)-Gi hy wQj Dmgvb (iv)G
nZvKvixì wePvii `vwei cwicwZ| Avgiv LvwiRx mc`vqi AvjvPbvq welqwU DjL KiwQ| nv`xm I BwZnvmi
om
wewfb eYbv _K Avgiv `LZ cvB h, Avjxi weivaxiv miKvi AcmviY ev gZv `Lji Rb hy Kib wb| Dci
Dfq c hy eRbi Rb mevZK Pv KiQb| HwZnvwmKMY DjL KiQb h, G mKj hyi mgq weev`gvb
.c
cwj kvw AvjvPbv Ki Zv AevnZ ivLvi wmv bb| wK AZwKZ Dfq wkweii Dci nvgjv i nq| Dfq cB
gb Kib h, Acic wekvmNvZKZv Ki Avgb KiQ| GZ cKZ hy i nq hvq| HwZnvwmKMY G mKj hyi
st
ga Bn~`xì loh I wZxq cRbi gymwjgì AveM I nUKvwiZvi K_v DjL KiQb| G mKj KviY ZrKvjxb
tru
cwiek Zviv hy GovZ mg nb wb|
Bqvwhì wei mvBb (iv) hyvwfhvb Pvjvb wb| gyAvweqv (iv) Zuvi gZzi c~e ivRbwZK I mvgvwRK bZeì
ah
civgkg Zuvi cy Bqvwh`K cieZx kvmK wnme gbvbqb `b| 60 wnRix mvj Zuvi gZzi ci Bqvwh` wLjvdZi
`vwe Kij ZrKvjxb gymwjg ivi AwaKvsk GjvKvi gvbyl Zv gb bb| cvi g`xbvi AbK gvbyl, BivKi gvbyl
nn
Ges weklZ Kzdvi gvbyliv Zv gvbZ A^xKvi Kib| Kzdvi gvbyliv Bgvg mvBbK (iv) Ljxdv wnme MnY KiZ
AvMn cKvk Kib| G mgq Bgvg mvBb (iv) g`xbvq Aevb KiwQjb| Gici wZwb g`xbv _K gvq AvMgb Kib|
u
Kzdvi jvwaK gvbyl ZuvK Ljxdv wnmve evBqvZ Ki c ciY Ki| Zviv `vwe Ki h, mybvZ cybixweZ KiZ I
ss
bvq wePvi cwZv KiZ Awej^ Zuvi `vwqZ MnY Kiv cqvRb| g`xbv I gvq AevbiZ mvnvexMY I Bgvg mvBbi
wcqRbiv ZvK Kzdvq hZ wbla Kib| Zuviv Avkv KiwQjb h, Bqvwhì c _K evav Avmj BivKevmxiv
.a
mvBbi wcQb _K mi hve| mekl mvBb (iv) Kzdv Mgbi wmv bb| wZwb Kvbv mbvevwnbx wbq hy hvv
w
Kib wb| wZwb Zuvi cwievii 19 Rb m`mmn cvq 50 Rb mx wbq Kzdvq iIqvbv nb| wZwb Kzdvevmxi evBqvZi
wfwZ ea kvmK I ivcavb wnme `vwqZ MnY KiZ Kzdv hvwQjb|
w
Bgvg mvBbi AvMgbi AvMB Bqvwhì evwnbx Kzdvq AvMgb Ki Ges Kzdvevmx mvBbi mg_b _K wcwQq
w
hvq| Kzdvi GKwU evwnbx Kvievjvi cvi mvBbK (iv) Aeiva Ki| mvBb (iv) ZvìK ejb, Avwg Zv hy KiZ
Avwm wb| Zvgiv AvgvK WKQ ejB Avwg GmwQ| GLb Zvgiv KzdvevmxivB Zvgvì evBqvZ I cwZv cwiZvM
KiQ| Zvnj AvgvìK Qo `vI Avgiv g`xbvq wdi hvB, A_ev mxgv hq Kvwdiì wei hy Kwi, A_ev
mivmwi Bqvwhì KvQ hq Zvi mv_ eySvcov Kwi| wK Kzdvi evwnbx GZ mZ bv nq Zviv mvBbi cwievi I
mv_xì Dci nvgjv Pvjvq I ZuvK hy KiZ eva Ki|
64 wnRix mvj Bqvwhì gZz nq| Zvi gZzi ci gvq Avyjvn Beby hyevBi (iv) wbRK Ljxdv wnme NvlYv
`b| AwaKvsk gymwjg Zuvi evBqvZ MnY Kib| 73 wnRix ch cvq 10 ermi wZwb Gfve kvmbKvh cwiPvjbv Kib|
G mgq Bqvwhì ci Zvi cy gyAvweqv KqK w`bi Rb Ges Zvici gviIqvb Beby nvKvg GK ermi wmwiqvq kvmK
wnme evBqvZ MnY Kib| 65 mvj gviIqvbi gZzi ci Zvi cy Avyj gvwjK gZv MnY Kib| G mgq gZvi
Dfq `vwe`vii ga hy i nq| GKchvq 73 wnRixZ Avyj gvwjKi evwnbx Avyjvn Beby hyevBiK civwRZ I
wbnZ KiZ mg nq|
Gfve Avgiv `LwQ h, Bgvg mvBb (iv) I Avyjvn Beby hyevBi (iv)-Gi mgq gymwjg mgvR `ywU iv wef
nq co Ges hyweMn msNwUZ nq|
Zvweqx I Zvwe-ZvweqxMYi hyMi hywjI Kvbv mycwiKwZ we`vn ev ag`vwnZvi cwZev` `xb cwZvi Pv
Contents

wQj b| KLbv cwiek cwiwwZi Pvc, KLbv kvmKi AZvPvi nq eva nq Ges KLbv ivgZvq wbRi AwaKviK
ea gb Ki G mKj hy nqQ| GwjZ AwZ mvgvb msLK cwm Avwjg RwoZ nqQb ev mg_b KiQb| Zviv Zv
KiQb ewMZ mK, AvwiKZv ev ewMZ BRwZnvì KviY| KziAvb I nv`xmi my wb`kbv I AwaKvsk
mvnvex-Zvweqxi gZ I Kgi wecixZ GwjK `xbi cvgvY `jxj wnme MnY Kivi Kvbv myhvM bB|
GLvb KqKwU welq Avgvì j ivLv ìKvi:
c_gZ, gymwjg Dvni Bgvg I dKxnMY evisevi DjL KiQb h, Kvbv welq KziAvb I mybvZi my
wb`kbv _vKj m welq Kvbv Avwjg ev eyRyMi ewMZ wmv ev BRwZnv` Avi cvgvY `jxj wnme MY nq bv|
Gic Avwjg-eyRMi Kg Zuvì ewMZ BRwZnv` wnme MY nq, fyj nj Zv AwbQvKZ BRwZnv`x fyj ej MY
nq Ges KziAvb ev nv`xmi g~j wb`kbvi Dci wbfi KiZ nq| G welq Avwg GnBqvDm mybvb M wevwiZ
AvjvPbv KiwQ|239
wZxqZ, mvnvex-ZvweqxMYi Kgi hw` msLvMwi gvbyl Kvbv gZ ev wmv MnY Kib Ze Zvi wecixZ
KwZcq ewi gZ ev wmv cvgvY `jxj wnme MnYhvM nq bv| msLvMwii weivwaZvi KviY ZuvìK `vqx Kiv
nq bv, KviY gyRZvwnì AwaKvi AvQ wbRi BRwZnvì wfwZ Kg Kivi| wK cieZxMYi Rb msLvMwii gZwUB
cvgvY ej MY|
ZZxqZ, Kvbv welq hw` eaZv I wbwlZv `ywU welqi mvebv _vK Zvnj wbwlZvi cvjvK fvwi Kiv nq|
om
KviY Bmjvgi g~jbxwZ Abymvi ea ev Rvqh Kg cvjb Kivi Pq wbwl ev nvivg Kg eRb Kiv AbK ewk iZc~Y|
ivxq Abvqi cwZev` AveMx nq ivxq AvbyMZ eRb, AvBb Agvb ev we`vn GKw`K hgb KziAvb-mybvn
.c
KZK wbwl, Zgwb ZvZ AKviY icvZ I DvZi Rvbgvji wZ Qvov `xbi Kvbvic jvf nq bv| GRb
ZvweqxMYi hyM _K gymwjg Dvni Bgvg I dKxnMY G welq wekl iZ w`qQb Ges welqwUK Bmjvgx AvKx`vi
st
Afy KiQb| G welq Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv, Ave~ BDm~d, gynvv` (ivwngvgyjvn) I Avnjym mybvZ Iqvj RvgvAvZi
tru
AvKx`vi g~jbxwZ evLv Ki Bgvg Avey Rvdi Zvnvex (321 wn) ejb:
.
ah
.
nn
.

u
ss
... .
.a
.
w
Avgiv Kejvcx mKj bKKvi I e`Kvi gymwjgi wcQb mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv Ges Zvì gZ ewi Rb
w
Rvbvhvi mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv ea gb Kwi| Avgiv Zvì KvDK RvbvZx ev Rvnvbvgx ej wbwZ mv c`vb Kwi bv|
Zvì Kviv Dci Kzdix, wkiK ev wbdvKi mv c`vb Kwi bv, hZY bv Gic wKQz Zvì ga cKvkfve `Lv wè|
w
Zvì Avfixb welqvw` Avgiv Avjvn ZvAvjvi Dci Qo w`B| DZ gynv` ( )-Gi Kvbv jvKi wei A
aviY (wRnv`, nZv ev kwcqvM) Avgiv ea gb Kwi bv, Ze hw` (ivxq wePvi ev wRnvì gvag) Kviv wei A
eenvi AZvekKxq nq hvq Zvnj wfb K_v| Avgvì ivcavbMY I ivxq `vwqZcvMY AZvPvi KijI Zvì
wei we`vn ea gb Kwi bv| Avgiv Zvì wei e``vqv ev Awfkvc c`vb Kwi bv Ges Zvì AvbyMZI eRb Kwi
bv| Avgiv Zvì AvbyMZK Avjvni AvbyM Zi Ask wnme dih gb Kwi hZY bv Zviv Kvbv cvc Kgi wb`k
`q| Avi Zvì mskvab I msiYi Rb `yAv Kwi| ... gymwjg kvmK- m bKKvi nvK Avi cvcx-e`Kvi nvK- Zvi
Aaxb n Ges wRnv` wKqvgZ ch AevnZ _vKe| Kvbv wKQzB G `wzUK evwZj ev evnZ Kie bv|240
3. 10. 2. 2. AvbyMZmn bmxnZ I `vIqvZ
KziAvb-mybvni Dchy wb`kvewji AvjvK mvnvexMY I Zuvì Abymvix g~javivi AvwjgMY g~jZ miKvi
cwieZbi Pq miKvi mskvabi Pv KiQb| miKvii ev ckvmbi Abvq, AbvPvi, KziAvb-mybvni weivwaZv ev
Bmjvg weivax AvKx`v-wekvm I AvBb-Kvbybi cwZev` Zuviv ivi AvbyMZ eRvq iL miKviK bmxnZ, Iqvh I
`vIqvZ w`Zb Ges RbMYKI mPZb KiZb| Ze we`vn, nUKvwiZv, ejcqvM I icvZ KVvifve wbla KiZb|
Contents

Avgiv AvMB ejwQ h, DgvBqv hyM _KB wePzwZ i nq| Avi KLbv KLbv G wePzwZ wQj fqven| Bqvwhì
hyM ev 60 wnRix _K cieZx cv q 50 ermi ek wKQz msLK mvnvex RxweZ wQjb| Zuviv G mKj wePzwZ cZ
KiQb| mva I myhvMgZ cwZev` KiQb, bmxnZ KiQb, wK AveMZvwoZ nb wb|
mvnvexMYi KqKwU mycwiwPZ NUbv DjL Ki Avgiv cieZx hyMmg~ni KqKwU bgybv DjL Kie| ZvwiK Beby
wknve ejb:

c_g h ew mvjvZzj Cì LyZev mvjvZi AvM wbq Avm m gviIqvb Bebyj nvKvg| ZLb GK ew Zvi
w`K ùvwoq ej, LyZevi AvM mvjvZ| gviIqvb ejb: ZrKvjxb wbqg cwiZ nqQ| ZLb Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (iv)
ejb, G ew Zvi `vwqZ cvjb KiQb| Avwg ivm~jyjvn -K ejZ bwQ: Zvgvì KD hw` Kvb Abvq `LZ
cvq Ze m hb Zv Zvi evej w`q cwieZb Ki| hw` ZvZ mg bv nq Ze m hb Zvi ee w`q Zv cweeZb
Ki| GZI hw` mg bv nq Zvnj m hb Zvi Ai w`q Zv cwieZb (Kvgbv) Ki, Avi G njv Cgvbi `yejZg
om
chvq|241
DgvBqv ckvmK Iqvjx` Beby DKev g`cvb KiZb| wZwb GKw`b gvZvj Aevq dRii mvjvZ BgvgwZ Kib|
Zvi wcQb Avyjvn Beby gvmE` (iv) RvgvZ kixK wQjb| Iqvjx` gvZvj Aevq _vKvi KviY dRii mvjvZ Pvi
.c
ivKAvZ Av`vq Kib Ges mvjvg wdwiq ejb: Kg njv wK? AviI jvMe? ZLb gymjxMY ejb AvR mKvj Zv Avcwb
st
ewk ewkB w`Qb (Avcwb BZvgaB `y ivKAvZ ewk w`qQb! Avi jvMe bv!!)|242
tru
DgvBqv hyMi GK we`vnx ivbvqK wQjb gyLZvi mvKvdx (1-67 wn)| 64 wnRixZ Bqvwhì gZzi ci Avyjvn
Beby hyevBii c _K wZwb Kzdvi `vwqZ MnY Kib| Kzdvq ceki ci wZwb wbRK Avjx (iv)-Gi cy gynvv`
ah
Bebyj nvbvwdqvi Ljxdv ej `vwe Kib Ges Bgvg mvBbi kvnv`vZi cwZkva MnY Zrci nb| mvBbi nZvq
RwoZ mKjKB wZwb nZv Kib| Gfve wZwb Kdv I cvkeZx GjvKvi kvmbfvi MnY Kib| wZwb `vwe Kib h,
nn
wReivCj (Av) Zvi KvQ Inx wbq AvMgb Kib| wZwb ag`vwnZv, wevw I Kzdix gZvgZi AwfhvM Awfhy wQjb|
67 wnRixZ Avyjvn Beby hyevBii evwnbx ZvK civwRZ I nZv Ki|
u
mvnvex Avyjvn Beby Dgvi (iv) G ewi mv_ ivxq AvbyMZi mvaviY mK eRvq iLwQjb| 243
ss
Bgvg eyLvix Zuvi AvZ-ZvixLyj Kvexi M Zvweqx Avyj Kvixg evv _K DZ KiQb, Avwg `kRb mvnvexi
m cqwQ hviv cvcx-Rvwjg kvmK-ckvmKì wcQb mvjvZ Av`vq KiZb| 244
.a
mvnvexMYi cieZx hyMwji ga miKvii Bmjvg weivwaZvi mePq Lvivc Aevwji AbZg (1) Avevmx
Ljxdv gvgyb, gyZvwmg I IqvwmKi mgq KziAvbi wKQz welq A^xKvi Kivi I KziAvbK gvLj~K ejvi Kzdix gZev`
w
cwZv Ges (2) gvMj ev`kvn AvKevii mgq `xb-B- Bjvnx cwZv| G `ywU NUbvi gyKvwejvq I Cgvb-AvKx`v
w
msiY AvwjgMYi c`c Avgiv AvjvPbv Kie|

w
K. Avevmx kvmKì Kzdix gZevì cwZev` Bgvg Avng`

ZZxq wnRix kZKi iZ Avevmx Ljxdv gvgyb (ivRZ 198-218 wn) gyZvwhjx agwekvm MnY Kib Ges GK
ivag wnme NvlYv Kib| MxK `kbi wfwK KziAvbi wb`kbv evLv Ki G gZev` Zwi Kiv nq| G gZev`
KziAvbi wewfb AvqvZi mv_ myfve mvsNwlK wewfb wekvm KqQ| G mKj wekvmi ga iqQ KziAvb Avjvni
m ev gvLj~K| GQvov G gZev` RvbvZ Avjvni `kb A^xKvi Kiv nq, hwÌ KziAvb myZ ejv nqQ h, RvbvZ
gywgbMY Avjvni `kbi mfvM jvf Kieb|
Ljxdv gvgyb ivi mKjK G wekvm MnY KiZ wb`k `b| Bgvg Avng` I Avnjym mybZi AvwjgMY NvlYv
`b h, KziAvb Avjvni Kvjvg Ges ZuviB wmdvZi Ask| Avjvni Kvbv wmdvZ ev weklY m nZ cvi bv| KvRB
KziAvbK gvLj~K ev me ej wekvm Kiv Kzd&ix| Abicfve RvbvZ Avjvni `kb A^xKvi Kij KziAvbi my
AvqvZ A^xKvi Kiv nq, GRb Gic wekvm Kzd&ix|
G gZ cwZvq gvgyb wQjb Abgbxq| G gZ MnY A^xKwZ vcbKvix AvwjgìK MdZvi Ki wZwb AeYbxq
Contents

AZvPvi KiZ _vKb| AZvPvii gyL hviv gyZvwhjx gZev` gb wbZ ZvìK Qo Ìqv nZv| AbìK AvUK
iL AZvPvi Pvjvbv nZv Ges KvDK KvDK wbggfve nZv Kiv nZv| gvgybi ci cieZx Ljxdv gyZvwmg wejvn
(218-227 wn) I IqvwmK wejvn (228-232 wn) Gfve GgZ cwZi Rb Gic AZvPvi AevnZ ivLb| cieZx kvmK
gyZvIqwj (232-247 wn) G AZvPvii Aemvb NUvb|
my`xN cvq 30 ermii G Kzdix gZv`ki kvmb I AZvPvii mgq g~javivi AvwjgMYi AbZg bZv wQjb
Bgvg Avngv` Beby nv^vj (241 wn)| wZwb gyZvwhjx gZevì Kzd&ix I wevw cKvk Kib, kZ AZvPviI G gZevì
^xKwZ c`vb _K weiZ _vKb Ges `xN mgq KvivMvii Aivj Aevb Kib| wK wZwb ivxq AvbyMZ eRvq
iLQb, RygyAvi LyZevq Ljxdv I ckvmbi Rb `yAv KiZ Drmvn w`qQb| wZwb KLbvB we`vn, AvBb Agvb ev
miKvii wei AaviYi AbygwZ `b wb|
miKvii Ryjyg I miKvi ci AvwjgMYi cPviYvq mvaviY gvbyl I mvaviY AvwjgMY G Kzdix gZ MnY KiZ
_vKb| cvi Avnjym mybvZ ev g~javivi AvwjgMY I Zvì Abymvix mvaviY gymwjgMY AZvPvwiZ nIqv QvovI
mvaviYi ga Gic Kzdix gZevì `Z cmvi wePwjZ nq cob| AbKB miKvii wb`k Agvb Ki mgvR n
K_v `Z cPvii ev miKvii wei RbgZ MVb Ki A aviYi wPv Kib| Bgvg Avng` Beby nv^vj ZvìK
weklfve wbla Kib| wZwb evieviB ejZb:

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GLb Zv wdZbv I AZvPvii wkKvi A wKQz gvbyl| Avi hw` AaviY Kiv nq Ges icvZ Kiv nq Ze Zv
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mvaviY wdZbv-dvmv` cwiYZ ne Ges mvaviY RbMY K I AZvPvii wkKvi ne| Lei`vi! Zvgiv icvZ _K `~i
_vK! Lei`vi! Zvgiv icvZ _K `~i _vK! Lei`vi! Zvgiv icvZ _K `~i _vK!!!245
tru
GLvb jYxq h, Bgvg Avng` I Abvb Avwjg gvgybi G gZev`K Kzdi ej myfve NvlYv w`qQb|
wK KLbvB gvgybK ev hviv G gZ MnY KiwQj ZvìK ewMZfve Kvwdi ej MY Kib wb, eis Zvì AvbyMZ I
ah
Zvì wcQb mvjvZ Av`vq AevnZ iLQb| gyZvwhjx gZi wewfb AvKx`v KziAvbi wewfb AvqvZi mv_ mvsNwlK| G
wekvm cvlYi gvag G mKj AvqvZK A^xKvi Kiv nq| wK gyZvwhjxMY G mKj AvqvZK mivmwi A^xKvi KiZ bv;
nn
eis wewfb evLvi gvag Zvi A_ cwieZb Ki Zviv Zvì GgZK KziAvb-mZ ej `vwe KiZ| Zviv ejZ bv h,
Avgiv KziAvb ev nv`xm A^xKvi Kwi| eis Zviv ejZ h, KziAvbi G K_vwU AgyK ev ZgyK A_ Avgiv MnY Kwi| Avi
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Avgiv AvMB `LwQ h, G Cgvbi `vwe`viK Kvwdi ejv nq bv| eis ZvK m`ni myhvM (Benefit of
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doubt) c`vb Kiv nq Ges gb Kiv nq h, m nqZ mwZB bv eyS Gic Kzdix gZ MnY KiQ|
Gi A_ G bq h, Zvi gZ ev evLv mwVK ej gb bIqv njv| eis ZvK wevwZ wbcwZZ gymwjg ej MY
.a
Kiv njv| Avi GRbB Bgvg Avng` I Abvb Avwjg Abgbxq `pZvi mv_ mwVK gZwU eYbv KiQb Ges Kvbv
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AZvPviB ivxq gZev`K KziAvb-mybvn mZ ej ^xKwZ `b wb|

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Bgvg Avng` I Zuvi mv_xiv Gic AbgbxqZvi cvkvcvwk ah aviY KiQb Ges `Z Aevi cwieZbi Pv Kib
wb| eis AZvPvi I K wbRì ga mxgve iL mvaviY RbMYK iviw I nvbvnvwb _K iv KiZ mP
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_KQb| G mgq hviv Kzdix gZi cmvi iva AvBb f KiwQjb ev `Z bvq cwZvi Pv KiwQjb Zviv KD
mdj nb wb| eis Zvì KviY AbKB K wbcwZZ nqQb| wK Bgvg Avng` I Zuvi mv_xì ahmn mZK_b GK
mgq dj cme Ki| `xN cvq wk ermi ci Ljxdv gyZvIqvwj (232-247 wn) g~javivi Avwjgì gZ MnY Kib|
gyZvwhjx I AbvbìI Zvì gZev` PPvi ^vaxbZv Ìqv nq| G welqK mKj ivxq Rei`w _vwgq Ìqv nq|
eZ Bmjvgi BwZnvm iv KLbv agxq ^vaxbZvq nc Ki wb| mKj agi Abymvixiv cwic~Y ^vaxbZvi mv_
Zvì agcvjb KiQb Ges bvMwiK AwaKvi fvM KiQb| Abyicfve wewfb gymwjg wdiKv Zvì gZvgZ AbymiY
KiQb| Zviv cviwiK `jv`wj KijI ivckvmb mvaviYZ G welq nc Ki wb| BDivci Lvb `kwji
gZ ag`vwnZv (heresy) wbg~ji bvg wfbag ev wfbgZi Abymvixì wbgyj Kiv nq wb| gvgyb, gyZvwmg I IqvwmKi
MxK `kb wfwK G gyZvwhjx kvmbvgj wQj ewZg|
L. AvKevii `xb Bjvnxi cwZiva Bgvg wmiwn`x
gvMj mgvU AvKeii (ivRZ 1556-1605 L) `xb Bjvnxi gvag ivxq Kzdix cwZvi gZ Ggb NUbv
Bmjvgi BwZnvm wZxqwU `Lv hvq bv| mgvU AvKeii mgq mvgwMKfve fviZi gymwjg mgvR I iveevq Aeq
weivR KiwQj| AvKeii `xb-B-Bjvnx-i cwZvi gvag m Aeq P~ov ic cwiMn Ki|
Contents

Lxq 12k-13k kZvx ev wnRix cg-mg kZvxZ `ykZvxiI AwaKKvjevcx cwg _K BDivcxq
LvbMYi GKi ci GK eei zmW Avgb wQbwfb gymwjg ivmg~ni `yej Aevi gaB Lxq 13k kZK ev
wnRix 7g kZK gymwjg `kwji Dci c~e _K ZvZvi I gvjì eei nvgjv i nq| GKchvq 1258 L/656
wnRix mvj evM`vì cZb NU| Gfve mgM gymwjg wek wechqi myLxb nq|
G mgq K`xq kvmb, Bmjvgx wkv eev BZvw` Pig wechqi myLxb nq| g~jZ mydxqvq Kivg, m~dx ìevi
I LvbKvi gvag RbMYi ga `xbx wkvi aviv wUgwUg Ki AevnZ _vK| wK mvaviY gvbyli AZvi myhvM
ZvmvDd I ZixKZi bvg AMwYZ f ìevi, LvbKv I ZixKvi mw nq| ZixKZi bvg gymjgvbìK Bmjvgx kixqZ
I Bmjvgx AvKx`v wekvm cwiZvM Ki wewfb cvc, Kzdi I wkiKx wekvm wbgwZ Kiv nq| G wQj fviZxq Dcgnv`k-
mn mgM Bmjvgx RMZi Aev|
G mgq Bivb I fviZ AbK cPvi KiZ _vK h, GK nvRvi ermii gv_vq Bmjvg ag I gynvv`x byeyI qvZi
hyM kl nq hve Ges bZzb wgjwbqvg ev mnmv bZzb `xbi Avwefve NUe| G gZevì wfwZ m mgq bZzb bZzb
byeyIqvZi `vwe`vii Avwefve NUZ _vK| 910 wnRixZ Rbcyii mvwq` gynvv` wbRK cwZkZ gvn`x ej `vwe
Ki Ges `Z mviv fviZ Zvi gZ Qwoq co| 977 wnRixZ gyjv gynvv` I Zvi whK&ix `ji Avwefve nq Ges `Z
Zviv fviZi wewfb Aj mvgvwRK I ivxq gZv ARb Ki| fviZi me AbK gymwjg Zvi `xb MnY Ki|
Gmgqi mePq fqi gZ wQj Bivbi byKZvex gZev`| G gZevì g~j K_v wQj (K) nvki-bki ej wKQy bB;
om
(2) Kzdix-bvwKZv ea welq; (M) me wKQ ea; (N) RvbvZ-Rvnvbvg G `ywbqviB DbwZ AebwZ; (O) weeZbev`; (P)
Aviex byeyIqvZi hyM kl GLb AvRgx byeyIqvZi hyM i nQ|
mgvU AvKei wbR avwgK gymwjg wQjb| wZwb kvBL gyeviK bvix bvgK GKRb Kw_Z mydxi f wQjb| Bmjvgx
.c
wekKvl kvBL gyeviK bvixK AvKevii ìevi mydxevì cwZwbwa ej DjL Kiv nqQ|246 kvBL gyeviK bvgK G
st
m~dx wQjb Dchy byKZvex gZevì Abymvix| kvBL gyevivKi `y cy, AvKeii beiZmfvi AbZg m`m Aveyj dhj
I dhxI G gZi Abymvix wQjb|
tru
G mKj gvbyl bZzb GKwU wekRbxb Abvie ag ceZb KiZ Ges G gnvb agi ceZKi ghv`vq Avmxb nZ
AvKeiK civwPZ KiZ mg nb| Zvì civPbvq ivRZ MnYi (1556L/963wn) cvq 30 ermi ci 1582L/990
ah
wnRixZ AvKei `xb-B-Bjvnx ceZb Kib| G agi g~j `vwe wQj wn`y, gymwjg, Lvb, cviwmqvb BZvw` mKj agi
g~j wkv wbq GKwU ag ceZb Kiv| G agi Dcvmi cZxK wQj m~h I Avb| G agi ceZbi gvag mvjvZ, wmqvg,
nn
hvKvZ I Bmjvgi mKj weavb iwnZ I wbwl Kiv nq, Dcvmi cZxK m~h I Avbi c~Rv Pvjy Kiv nq| Avi Avjvni
cwZwbwa I agi ceZK ev`kvnK mvR`v Kivi wbqg Pvjy Kiv nq|
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G bZzb iv agi gyj ewkvewji ga wQj:

ss
(1) AwM I m~hi Dcvmbv

(2) Mv b`xi cvwbK cwe vb cvb Kiv|
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(3) Qwe, gywZ, cwZKwZ BZvwì eaZv NvlYv|

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(4) mvR`vq Zvwnqvn ev mvjvg vcK mvR`vK ea ej `vwe Ki mgvUK mvR`v Kivi AvBb Rvwi Kiv|
(5) Bmjvgi C` cwiZvM Ki bZzb bZzb wewfb cveb cPjb Kiv|
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(6) mvjvZ Av`vq wbwl Kiv| ivRcvmvì ga cKvk KD mvjvZ Av`vq KiZ cviZ bv|
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(7) hvKvZ wbwl NvlYv Ki digvb Rvwi Kiv|

(8) Bmjvgi Cgvb, Bev`Z I ixwZbxwZ wbq Dcnvm Kiv|
(9) Bmjvgx AvBb I wePviev evwZj Ki wewfb agi AvBbi mswgkY bZzb AvBb Pvjy Kiv|
G ag Pvjy Kivi cvq 15 ermi ci 1605 Lv (1014 wnRixZ) AvKei gZzeiY Kib| Zvi ci Zvi cy
byyixb Rvnvxi (ivRZ 1605-1627 L/ 1014-1036 wn) ivRfvi MnY Kib| RvnvxiI wcZvi aggZ Abymvi ivR
cwiPvjbv KiZ _vKb|
^fveZB ivi avwgK gymwjgMY G AevZ wez nb| G mgq `xbi Svv MnY Kib gyRvw` Avjd mvbx
kvBL Avng` Beby Avyj Avnv` wmiwn`x (1564-1624L/971-1034 wn)| ZvmvDdi mwVK evLv, cwic~Y kixqZ
AbymiYi gvag cwic~Y ZixKZ ARb, weÀvZ nvmvbv I weÀvZ mvBqAvn- A_vr fvj weÀvZ I Lvivc weÀvZi
cv_K A^xKvi Ki fvj I Lvivc Dfq cKvii weÀvZi wei cwZev` Ges we mybvZ cwZvi cPv, `xb-B-
Bjvnxi cwZev` I Bmjvgi cybcwZvi Rb wZwb `vIqvZ w`Z i Kib|
gv^q mgM fviZ Zvi `vIqvZ Qwoq co| mbvevwnbxi gaI Zvi `vIqvZ Qwoq co| mgvU Rvnvxii
ìevix AvwjgMY Zuvi wei dvZIqvevwR i Kib| mgvU ZuvK Mvqvwjqvi `yM e`x Kib| GK chvq mbvcwZ I
Contents

Abvb cfvekvjx ZvK ejb h, Zviv mgvUK nZv Ki ZuvK (kvBL Avng`K) gZvq emveb| wK wZwb ZvZ
A^xKwZ Rvbvb| wZwb KvivMvii AfiI Zuvi kvwc~Y `vIqvZ AevnZ ivLb| ci mgvU ZvK gy Kib Ges Zuvi
`vIqvZ cfvweZ nq `xb-B-Bjvnx cwiZvM Ki Bmjvgx AvKx`v I kixqZ MnY I cwZvi wmv bb| iv ckvmb
QvovI mvaviY gymwjgì ga kvBL Avngì `vIqvZ evcK cfve wevi Ki|247
Bmjvgi BwZnvm Gic Aviv AbK msvi Kvhg Avgiv `LZ cvB| cv q mKj B Avgiv KqKwU ewk
`LZ cvB:
(1) Kzdi, Bjnv` I AbvPvii wei `vIqvZ mvPvi nIqv|
(2) ah I webgZvi mv_ `vIqvZi Kvhg Pvwjq bIqv|
(3) djvdji wPv bv Ki `vwqZ cvjbi AbyfywZZ Kg Kiv|
(4) mKj cKvi DMZv I AmwnyZv eRb Kiv| weivaxì AmwnyZv, AZvPvi I DMZv Dg AvPiY I ah w`q
gyKvwejv Kiv|
(5) ivxq AvbyMZ eRvq ivLv| cvc bq Ggb ivxq wb`k gvb Kiv| GgbwK Mne`x Kij ev K_v ejZ
evavwbla Avivc Kij Zv gb wbq c` mxgveZvi gaB `vIqvZ AevnZ ivLv|
(6) kvmKì cwieZbi Pq mskvabK AMvwaKvi Ìqv|
(7) AbvqK Abvq ejvi cvkvcvwk fvj I KjvYi KvR kvmK ev ckvmKì cksmv Kiv, mnhvwMZv Kiv Ges
om
Zvì _K hZUzKz me `xbi ^v _ Dvi I iv Kiv|
Bmjvgi BwZnvmi G mKj iv-msvi Av`vjbi GKwU jYxq welq h, AwaKvsk Gwji bZe`
wbRiv gZv MnY KiZ Pv Kib wb, Dci gZv ev `vwqZ MnYi cve ev myhvM cZvLvb KiQb| Zviv
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gZvmxb ev `vwqZ iZ mvaviY gymwjg ev dvwmK gvbylì gvag h_vme mskvab I Dbqbi Pv KiQb|
st
Kvbv Avwjg ev bKKvi gvbyli Rb `vwqZ MnY Bmjvg wbwl ev AvcwKi bq, eis Riix I KjvYKi nZ
cvi| AvwdKvi- eZgvb bvBRwiqvi- cwm Avwjg, cxi I mdj msviK Dmgvb `vb dzwÌ ( Usuman dan Fodio:
tru
1754-1817)-i msvi Av`vjb Gi cK D`vniY| Ze AwaKvsk msviKMYi `vwqZ MnY A^xKwZi G
w`KwUi KviY I cvcU wnme wbgi welqwj weeP:
ah
(1) Zuviv Abyfe KiZb h, gZvi mskvabi Pq cwieZb KwVbZi| Kvbv `kB gZvmxbiv gZv QvoZ
Pvb bv| Avayw bK MYZvwK eevZI wewfbfve gZvmxbiv gZv AvKo aiZ Pvb| Avi ZrKvjxb cwiek nZvKv
nn
ev hyweMn Qvov gZvi cwieZb LyeB KwVb wQj| gZvi cwieZb KiZ iviwi h mvebv msvi I mskvabi
Gi mveb ZZUv bq| G Avwjg ev msviK wbhvwZZ njI mvaviY Abymvix I bvMwiKMY wbhvZb I icvZ
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_K iv cvb| GRb Zviv gZvi cwieZb bv Ki msvi PvKB AMvwaKvi w`qQb| KviY, Dk Zv hZUzKz me
ss
cvc Abvq `~i Kiv Ges `xbx `vIqvZi cwiek Zwi Kiv|
(2) Zviv gZvmxbìK evZv w`qQb h, Avgiv Avcbvì gZvi cwZx bB| Avgiv Avcbvì KjvYKvgx
.a
gv| Avcbvì gZvi vwqZ, `ywbqvi mdjZv I AvwLivZi gywi Rb AvcbvìK AgyK ev ZgyK KvRwj KiZ ev
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eRb KiZ ne| G evZv-mn msvi I cwieZbi `vIqvZ AwaKvsk gZvmxbì gb cfve dj Ges
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cwieZb mnR nq| cvi KvDK gZvi cwZx gb Kij gZvmxbiv Zvi fvj K_vI bZ ivwR nb bv, eis
gZvi cwZx AwZ AvcbRbKI AvNvZ, nZv ev wbqY KiZ Zrci nb|
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(3) gZvi cwieZb GKRb ev GK`j gvbyli cwieZ Ab gvbyl ev gvbylì gZvq emvZ nq| G cii
gvbylwj gZv MnYi ci c~eeZxì Pq AbK fvj ev cwic~Y fvj neb ej Avkv Kiv KwVb| KvRB gZv
cwieZb QvovB hw` `vIqZi Dk AvswkK ev AbKvsk c~iY nq Zvnj Zv gb bIqvB Dg|
(4) AvwLivZgyLx AvwjgMY wbR `vwqZ MnY KiZ fq cZb| `vwqZ MnY Ki elgnxb bvqwePvi, mKj
bvMwiKi AwaKvi Av`vq, mì mwVK eenvi BZvw` wbwZ Kivi fyjwU nq Mvbvni ga wbcwZZ neb
ej Zviv fxZ nZb| Zviv fveZb h, g~j Dk Kzdi, Bjnv` I AbvPvi `~i Kiv Ges `xb I `vIqvZi wbivcv iv
Kiv| Zv hLb Abi gvag nq hvQ ZLb wbRi AvwLivZK SzuwKc~Y Kivi ìKvi Kx?
(5) ivi mv_ AMwYZ gvbyli AwaKvi I ^v_ RwoZ| GLvb mvaviYZ KDB mKj bvMwiKi KvQ ev mKj
avwgKi KvQ fvj ev hvM ej MY nZ cvib bv| eis mKjB weZwKZ nb Ges AbKB e_ ej MY nb|
mvaviY ev dvwmK ew hw` iv cwiPvjbvq e_ nq Zvnj e_Zvi `vqfvi Zvi wbRi Nvo co| Avi hw` Avwjg,
Bgvg ev msviK e_ nb Zvnj Zvi `vqfvi `xbi DciB co| GZ `xbx `vIqvZ weZwKZ I wZM nq|
3. 11. Rwev` wbqY KiYxq
Contents

c~ei AvjvPbvq Avgiv Rwev`, Pigcv, mvm I DMZvi cwiPq Ges Bmjvgi bvg DMZv ev mwnsmZvi KviY
I cvcU AvjvPbv KiwQ| Avgiv `LwQ h, mKj ag I Av`ki AbymvixivB wewfb cvcU mvm ev Rvwev` wj
nqQ I nQ| mvm A_B ivxq wbqYi evBi AaviY I kw cqvM Ges weklZ Ahvv ew ev eK AvNvZ
Kiv ev nZv Kiv| Bmjvg mvmi c_ mvgwMKfve i Kiv nqQ| Bmjvg gvbe RxebK mevP mvwbZ ej MY
Kiv nqQ Ges GKgv wePvi I hy Qvov Ab Kvbvfve Kvbv gvbylK nZv wbwl Kiv nqQ| Avi ivxq wbqYi
evBi wePvi I hy wbwl Kiv nqQ| Gfve Bmjvg mvmi c_ cwic~Yfve i Kiv nqQ| Bmjvgi BwZnvm
Avgiv mvmi NUbv `LZ cvB bv ejjB Pj|
wK mgKvjxb wek Dcwbekvi wewfb gymwjg `ki `gb-cxob bxwZ, wdwjwb, AvdMvwbvb, cvwKvb I
Abvb vb gvwKb hyiv I Abvb wekkwi mvgvRev`x I mcmviYev`x bxwZ, mvgvRev`x ^v_ gymwjg wbab I
gymwjg mgvRi MYZvwK AwaKvi niY, Avevi cqvRb mvgvRev`x ^v_ msiYi Rb gymjgvbì agxq AveM
Aceenvi Ki gyRvwn` Zwii Dk wekl gv`vmv Zwi Ki ZvìK RwZ icvwiZ Kiv BZvw` welq
wewfbfve DMZv, Rwev` ev mvmi Rb w`qQ| G DMZv, mvm ev Rvwevì cPvi I cmvii Rb Bmjvgi
wewfb wkvK weKZfve Dcvcb Kiv nqQ|
evsjv`ki RbMY cKwZMZfve kvwwcq| G`k KLbv agxq msNvZ I iviw `Lv `q wb| fviZ, cvwKvb,
om
AvdMvwbvb ev Ab hgb wewfb agi Abymvixì ga Ges GKB agi wewfb agxq Mc I `ji ga nvbvnvwb I
iviwi NUbv NU _vK evsjv`k Zv KLbvB NU bv| wK B`vwbs Avgiv Avgvì `kI agxq DMZvi Dbl j
KiwQ| G ceYZv iva Avgvì h_vh_ c`c MnY Kiv cqvRb|
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3. 11. 1. mgvR I ivi KiYxq st
3. 11. 1. 1. KviY wbqY
Avgiv mnRB eywS h, Kvbv wKQz wbqY KiZ nj Zvi KviYwj wbqY Kiv cqvRb| Rwevì KqKwU g~j
tru
KviY iqQ: (1) mvgvRev`x wbcxob, AvMvmb I loh, (2) gymwjg `k Bmjvg-`gb, (3) eKviZ I nZvkv Ges (4)
Bmjvgi wkvi weKwZ|
ah
c_g welqwU Avgvì wbqYi evBi| hZw`b Gic AvMvmb, wbcxob I loh _vKe ZZw`b h Kvbv `k
wKQz gvbyl AZv I AveMi clY DMZvq wj nq hZ cvib| Gic mvebv GKevi iwnZ Kiv hvq bv|
nn
Abyicfve h gymwjg `ki fMwjK ev A_bwZK iZ AvQ m `k AvwacZ wevi KiZ ev m `ki miKviK
Qvo w`Z eva KiZ wKQz Rw Zwi Kiv mvgvRev`x kwi Rb AZ mnR I KvhKix cv| Ze Avgiv evwK wZbwU
u
KviY wbqY KiZ cvwi Ges GZ c_g KviYwUI wbqwZ nq hve|

ss
3. 11. 1. 2. eKviZ, nZvkv I AZv

.a
eKviZ, ebv I nZvkvi cvkvcvwk vbnxb AveM Pigcv I Rw KgKvi Rb `q| Avgvì mgvR hviv
menvivi ivRZi Rb ev Bmjvgx ivRZi Rb mwnsmZvq wj Zvì cvq mKji RxebB Avcwb G welqwU `LZ
w
cveb| AwkwZ, AawkwZ ev wkwZ eKvi hyeKK KD eywSqQ, Gic mwnsmZvi gvag AwZ ZvovZvwoB Zvgvi I
w
Abì K I ebvi mgvw NUe Ges menvivi ivRZ ev Bmjvgx ivRZ cwZwZ ne| Zzw g gZv I Kg A_ev RvbvZ
w
jvf Kie| ewZ, eKvi I nZvk G hyeK mnRB G K_v wekvm Ki G mKj Kg wj nq| KviY Zvi Ab Kvbv Kg
bB Ges Zvi cvIqvi Avkvi wecixZ nvivbvi Zgb wKQB bB|
3. 11. 1. 3. Rw wbg~j ebvg Rwev` wbg~j
eKviZ, mvgvwRK Aenjv, bvq wePvii `yjfZv, ebv I AZv `~i bv Ki kw ev AvBb w`q KVvi n
Rw wbg~ji Pv Kij RvwZi wZ ne| GZ G`ki AbK mvb wbg~j njI Rwev` wbg~j ne bv| hviv
Pigcv ev Rw KgKv wj Zviv Avgvì mvgvwRK ebv I AwePvii wkKvi| ZvìK k weePbv Ki wbgyj Kivi
Pq bvMwiK I `ki mvb weePbv Ki h_vme mskvab Ki mgvRi g~javivq mshy KivK AMvwaKvi w`Z ne|
weklZ hviv nZv ev Abyic Aciva RwoZ nq wb Gic hyeKì mskvabi Rb mP nZ ne|
miKvi I ckvmbi `vwqZ wcZZi ev AwffveKi ì` wbq mKj bvMwiKi AwaKvi ivq mP nIqv| cKZ
Acivaxi kvw c`vb Ges wbicivaK kvw _K ivi cvkvcvwk Kg AcivaxK mskvabi myhvM Ìqv Zvì KZe|
wewfb nv`xm ivm~jyjvn ejQb h, Bbmvd, elgnxb bvqwePvi I bvMwiK AwaKvi cwZvq mP kvmK I ckvmKMY
Avjvni mevP `qv I cyivi jvf Kieb|
3. 11. 1. 4. Aciva wbqY ebvg wbicivai kvw
Rwev` wbqY mePq eo fqi w`K njv wbicivai kvw| Rwev` `gbi bvg ay m`ni wfwZ
wbiciva gv`vmv Qv ev avwgK gvbylìK AvUK, wRvmvev`, KvivMvii Aixb ivLv, wigv bIqv BZvw` Kg GKw`K
Contents

gvbevwaKvi f~jwZ Kie, G mKj wbiciva gvbyl I Zvì AvcbRbìK Rwevì cwZ AvK Kie Ges mevcwi
AvgvìK Avjvni Mhe I kvwi ga wbcwZZ Kie| KviY wbicivai kvw I wePviewnfyZ nZv, kvw I K`vb hLb
ivxq I mvgvwRK ic cwiMnY Ki ZLb Avjvni Mhe I RvMwZK kvw m `ki fvj I g` mKj gvbylK Mvm Ki|
3. 11. 1. 5. Rwev` ebvg Bmjvgev`
Aviv ewk fqi welq Rwev` wbqYi bvg Bmjvgx `vIqvZi Ki Kiv| gvIev`x mvmxMY ev Avgvì
`ki Pigcbx ej Kw_Z evgcx RwMY h gZv`k I `vwe`vIqv cPvi Kib g~javivi gvKmev`x, mvgev`x,
mgvRZx ev evgcxMYI GKB gZv`k I `vwe`vIqv cPvi Kib| Abyicfve Bmjvgi bvg DMZvq wj ev Rwev`xiv
h mKj gZv`k I `vwe `vIqv ck Kib cvq GKBic gZv`k I `vwe `vIqv cPvi Kib g~javivi Bmjgx ivRbxwZwe`,
Avwjg, wkvwe`, wPvwe` I cxi-gvkvBLMY| cv_K njv KgcwZZ| Pigcx I Rwiv ejcqvM, AvBb Agvb I
LybLvivwci gvag Zvì Av`k Pvwcq w`Z Pvb| cvi g~javivi gvbyliv `ki AvBbi AvIZvq MYZvwK
AwaKvii ga wbRì `vwe-`vIqv ck Kib| MnY Kiv ev bv Kiv RbMYi BQvaxb|
mvgev`x Rw ev mgvRZx mvmxì KviY KD g~javivi mvgev`x ev mgvRZxìK `vqx Kib bv ev
Pigcv `gbi bvg evgcx ivRbxwZ I KgKv wbwl Kivi `vwe Zvjb bv| KD ejb bv h, mvgev`x ivRbxwZi
KviYB Pigcx I mvmx Rb wbQ; KvRB mvgev`x ivRbxwZ e Kiv nvK| wK Bmjvgi AbK mgq welqwU
m~Y wecixZ nq hvq| Rwev` `gbi AhynvZ AbK mgq Bmjvgx ivRbxwZ, Bmjvgx AvBb I wePvi cwZvi `vwe ev
om
Bmjvgx g~jeva weKvki `vwe e Kivi Pv Kiv nq|
AbK mgq agwbicZvi bvg ev Rw wbg~j Kivi bvg Bmjvgx ivRbxwZ ev Bmjvgx g~jeva cmvig~jK
KgKv wbqYi `vwe Kiv nq| A_P agwbicZvi g~j `vex njv mKj agi gvbylK Zvi ag cvjb I agi welq Zvi
.c
wbRi evLv I gZev` cPvii myhvM Ìqv| MnY Kiv ev bv Kiv RbMYi BQv| MYZvwK AwaKvii AvIZvq
st
gZcKvki AwaKvi w`j DMZvi c_ i nq| AZxZ KvbvKvbv `k mgvRZvwK ivRbxwZ wbla Kivi dj
tru
mgvRZvwK Rwevì Dbl NU| cieZxZ g~javivq mgvRZvwK ivRbxwZi myhvM Ìqvi dj menvivi ivRZi
Rb ev mvgevì bvg mvm gv^q Kg hvq|
ah
eZ, MYZvwK mgvReevq GK `j AviK `ji wei gZ cKvk KiZ cvib| hviv Bmjvgx g~jeva,
AvLjvK-AvPiY, wkv BZvw` mewKQzKB Avwdg, cwZwqvkxjZv ev Dbqbi cwZeK ej wekvm Kib, A_ev
nn
Zvì evwYwRK, mvgvRev`x ev Abyic ^v_i cwZeK ej gb Kib Zviv Rwevì AhynvZ Bmjvgx wkv I
g~jeva wevii ev Bmjvgx Av`k wevii mKj Kg wbwl Kivi `vwe KiZ cvib| gZ cKvki AwaKvi Zvì AvQ|
u
Abyicfve Bmjvgcxiv Pigcv wbg~j ev Abyic Kvbv AhynvZ mvgev`x ev mgvRZx Av`k cPvi wbwl
ss
Kivi `vwe KiZ cvib| gZ cKvki AwaKvi Zvì AvQ|

Ze miKvi I ckvmbK AZ mZK nZ ne| Zvì wbR^ Kvbv gZ ev c _vKjI miKvii `vwqZ bIqvi
.a
ci Zvì `vwqZ nq mKji AwaKvi iv Kiv Ges `ki ^v_ mgybZ ivLv| Avgvì eySZ ne h, fvj ev g` Kvbv
K_viB K i Kivi ceYZv KLbvB fvj dj `q bv| weklZ Rwevì bvg Bmjvgx ivRbxwZ, Bmjvgx Av`k
w
cPvi, wkv wevi I Bmjvgx AvBb cwZvi AvBbmZ `vIqvZK wbwl ev evavM Kij Zv bvMwiKì gwjK AwaKvi
w
niYi Aciva QvovI `k I RvwZi Rb fqi wec` `K Avbe| G RvZxq h Kvbv Kg RwìK mvnvh Kie,
w
Zvì cPvi Rvi`vi Kie, Zvì bZzb wizUgU `Z evoe Ges `k I RvwZK GK fqi iqx Akvwi ga
dj wè|
3. 11. 1. 6. ag-gy wkv ebvg ag-hy wkv
Avgiv `LwQ h, agxq AveMi mv_ mwVK agxq vbi AbycwwZB Rwevì g~j KviY| GRb mvaviY
wkveevq AwaKZi Bmjvgx I bwZK wkvi mshvRb AZxe cqvRbxq| Rwevì AhynvZ gv`vmv wkv msKvPb
Ges mvaviY wkv eevK agwbic ev Amvgc`vwqK Kivi bvg agxq wkv _K wegy Kiv AvRvwZK
ewbqvP I mvgvRev`xì Rb mfvM eq AvbjI RvwZi Rb fqi `yfvMi vi DbvPb Kie|
gv`vmv-wkwZ I avwgK gvbyliv Rw bv njI Zviv mvgvRev`, AvwacZev` I AvMvmb weivax Ges AkxjZv,
gv`KZv I AbvPvi weivax| Rwevì AhynvZ G`ki gvbylì ga _K mvgvRev`, AvwacZev` I AvMvmb weivax
gvbwmKZv A_ev AkxjZv, gv`KZv I AbvPvi weivax gvbwmKZv wbg~j Kiv hw` Avgvì Dk nq Zvnj wfb K_v| Avi hw`
Avgiv RvwZi KjvY Rwev` wbqY KiZ PvB Zvnj AvgvìK AekB mwVK agxq wkvi weKvk NUvZ ne|
Avgiv `LwQ h, Avgvì `k I weki mKj `k Rw KgKv RwoZì AwaKvskB mvaviY wkvq wkwZ|
Rw ej Kw_Z I cPvwiZ AwaKvsk `j I msMVbi bZe` I ZvwK iMYI Avaywbi wkwZ| wKfve Gì `j bZzb
Afyw wbqY Kieb?
Avgiv wK wkv_xìK wkv wè h, ag fvj bq, ag Avwdg, ag cvjb Kiv bv, ciKvj wekvm Kiv bv,
Contents

avwgKì KvQ hI bv? Gic wkv Zv KvbvfveB w`Z cvie bv| Avi w`jI ZvZ Kvbv jvf ne bv| Rwev`
Kge bv, eis Rwì cPviYvi myhvM AbK evoe, ag wecb ej Zviv Aviv AbK gvbylK `j fove| Dci
Gic wkv `ybxwZ, mvm, GBWm, GwmW, hb nqivwb, cvwievwiK mwnsmZv I bwZK Aeqi gnvvi DbvPb Kie|
Zvnj Kx Avgiv ag mK wKQzB wkv wè bv? agwbic wkv eevi bvg wK Avgiv ag-gy wkv `vb
Kie? GZ Zv Avgvì mgmv evoe| KviY Gic wkv wkv_xì agxq Abyf~wZ b KiZ cvie bv, wK agxq
AZv Zvì agxq Abyf~wZi Aceenvii myhvM evwoq è|
eZ agxq AbyfywZ wbgyj Kiv hvq bv| mwVK vbi Afve Zv wec_Mvgx nq| KLbv Kzmsvi I AbvPvi Ges KLbv
DMZvi c_ ai| KD cvMj evev-i ìevi abv w`q, gvRvi-ìMvq cvMj ev gvbi wcQb QzU, MuvRv Lq, wRbi ev`kv
ev Abyic cZviK-cyivwnZi KvQ hq g~jevb KgNUv I m` b Ki| Avi KD DMZv I mwnsmZvi wcQ QzU wbRi I
Abi gnvg~jevb Rxeb I m` b Ki|
Avgvì `ki I cvvZi AbK cwZ I ivRbwZK bZv AvgvìK bxwZ K_v bvb Ges `ybxwZgyw `k
MoZ bmxnZ Kib| wKQzw `b ci `Lv hvq h, eo eo `ybxwZ gvgjvq Zviv RwoZ| Gi KviY agxq wekvm,
AvwLivZgywLZv I Avjvni fq Qvov aygv bxwZK_v, bxwZwkv, cwZv ev AxKvi w`q KLbvB `ybxwZ, bwZK Aeq,
mwnsmZv, gv`KZv ev Aciva ceYZv wbqY Kiv hvq bv|
eZ ag-gy wkveev Rwev` bv Kwgq wkv_xìK Rwev` Avv nIqvi Rb AwaK SuywKc~Y
om
(vulnerable) Ki Zvj| cvkvcvwk Abvb mKj cKvii `ybxwZ, mwnsmZv I Aciva ewZ evcK mnvqZv Ki|
GRb Rwev`mn Abvb mKj mvm, mwnsmZv, `ybxwZ, gv`KZv, Aciva ceYZv I bwZK Aeq wbqY Kivi Rb
mvaviY wkv eevq cv_wgK chvq _K mevP i ch chv agxq wkv evaZvg~jK Kiv cqvRb| cvkvcvwk gv`vmv
.c
wkvi mcmviY, Avayw bKvqb I Bmjvgx agZ Mfxi vbx cv MelK Avwjg Zwii eev Kiv cqvRb| hb Zviv
st
KziAvb-mybvn wfwK gZvgZ c`vbi gvag hyemgvRK DMZv _K iv KiZ cvib|
tru
3. 11. 1. 7. Rwev` wbqY agxq ewZì mw
hnZz G welqwUi mv_ agx q Abyf~wZ RwoZ mnZz Gi cwZiva, cwZKvi I wbqY agxq bZe` ev Avwjgì
ah
m Kiv AZxe Riix| DMZvi cmvi Bmjvgx wkvi h welqwjK weKZ Kiv nq mwji ZvwZK weklY I
chvjvPbvi Rb mgvRi cv AvwjgMYK AMvwaKvi wfwZ MYgvag myhvM Ìqv AZxe Riix| GKRb ivRbwZK
nn
ev mvgvwRK bZv hw` ejb Bmjvg kvwi ag... BZvw` ZvZ mvm wj hyeK cwiZ ev KbwfW ne bv; Ze hw`
GKRb cv bKKvi Avwjg G welq ZvwK AvjvPbv Kib Zvnj Zv nqZ ZvK cwiZ ev KbwfmW KiZ cvie|
u
GZ hgb mswk AbK mskvwaZ ne Zgwb bZzb Afwy Kg hve|

ss
Bmjvgi agxq eevi ga Avjvn ew I mgvR mskvabi ^qswq eev iLQb| Gi AbZg njv gmwR`
I mvjvZzj RygyAv| RygyAvi LyZev I AvjvPbv mvaviYfve gywgbi `q Mfxi iLvcvZ Ki| mKj ewMZ I mvgvwRK
.a
Aciva I Aeqi bvq Rwev` ev DMZv ivaI BgvgMY iZc~Y f~wgKv ivLZ cvib|
GRb gmwR`wjZ hvM Bgvg wbqvM Ìqv Ges we`gvb Bgvgì agxq vb I hvMZv ewi Rb cqvRbxq
w
cwkY Ìqv cqvRb| miKvi hw` wbqYi bvg Bgvgì K_v ejv e Kib Zvnj Zv Kvbv fvj dj wè bv; eis
w
Dv dj wè| BgvgMY hw` mvgvwRK Abvq, Aeq BZvwì wei wKQz bv ej ayB dhxjZ I Mi Iqvh Kib
w
Zvnj Rwev` wbqY Kvbv jvf ne bv| BgvgMY hw` mgvR ev miKvii Abvqi Kvbv cwZev` bv Ki ay DMZvi
wb`v Kib ZvnjI Zv gvbyli gb iLvcvZ Kie bv| KD GKck K_v cQ` Kib bv Ges ZvZ cfvweZ nb bv|
BgvgMY hw` mvgvwRK Abvq, Aeq, AkxjZv I `ybxwZi wei mybvZ-mZ cwZZ K_v ejb, Gwji wei
Avcw I cwZevì mybvZ-mZ cwZ Rvwbq `b, DMZv, ejcqvM, AvBb Agvb I we`vni KviY gywgb `ywbqv I
AvwLivZ wKfve wZM nb Ges `xbx `vIqvZ wKfve wZM nq wewfb AvwK Zvi Z_wfwK AvjvPbv Kib Zvnj
Zv LyeB fvj dj wè|
3. 11. 1. 8. Avmgvbx KviY wbqY Kib
AbK mgq Avgiv fvwe h, AgyK cwiKbv evevqbi gvag Avgiv AgyK Abvq wbg~j Kie ev Dbqb wbwZ
Kie| Avgiv fyj hvq h, Avgvì cwiKbvi evBi gnvb Avjvni BQv I wmvB Avgvì mKj wKQz wbqY Ki|
KziAvb I nv`xm _K Avgiv RvbZ cvwi h, wKQz wKQz cvc mgvR AwbqwZfve Qwoq coj Avjvn m mgvR
mvgvwRK Aeq I Akvw Qwoq `b| Avgiv hw` Aeq I Akvwi G mKj KviY `~i KiZ bv cvwi Ze kZ cwiKbv
I cPvi ciI Aeq I Akvw Avgvì `k I mgvRK Mvm KieB| GK cKvii Akvw `~i Kij Ab cKvii
Akvw Avgvì Mvm Kie| Avgiv gnvb Avjvni Mhe I kvw _K cvjvZ cvie bv| wewfb nv`xm DjL Kiv nqQ
h, AkxjZv, `ybxwZ, IRb, gvc ev cwigvc Kg Ìqv, bvqwePvii AbycwwZ BZvw` G RvZxq cvci AbZg|
gnvb Avjvn ejb:
Contents

Avjvn `v w`Qb GK Rbcì hv wQj wbivc` I wbwZ, h_vq AvmZ mew`K _K cPzi RxebvcKiY,
AZci Zviv Avjvni wbqvgZi cwZ AKZZv cKvk Kij, dj Zviv hv KiZ Zvi KviY Avjvn ZvìK Av^v` MnY
Kivjb zav I fxwZi AvQv`bi|248
KvRB Avgiv hw` Avjvni wbqvgZi AKZZv cKvk KiZB _vwK Avi cvkvcvwk zav I fq-mvmi eovRvj
_K ei nZ Pv Kwi Ze Pv AbK njI dj Avkvbyic ne bv| zav I fqi GKwU Rvj wQb Kij Ab Rvj
Avgvì Rove|
Avjvn Aviv ejb:

hviv cQ` Ki h, gywgbì ga AkxjZvi cmvi NUzK Zvì Rb cw_exZ Ges AvwLivZ iqQ hYv`vqK
kvw| Avi Avjvn Rvbb, Zvgiv Rvb bv|249
om
KvRB Avgiv AkxjZvi cPvi, cmvi I wecbb AevnZ iL gnv-cwiKbvi gvag mgvR _K hYv `vqK kvw
`~i ev cwZiva KiZ mg ne ej wPv Kivi Kvbv myhvM bB|
.c
G A_i Abvb AvqvZ I nv`xmi AvjvK Avgiv wekvm Kwi h, AkxjZv, fRvj, gvc ev cwigvc Kg c`vb,
st
cZviYv, Ryjyg, nZvKv, bvqwePvii `ycvcZv BZvw` wbqY bv Kij wewfbfve mgvR Avjvni kvw I Mhe
AvmeB| Gwj iva KiZ Ges mKj bvMwiKi Rb elgnxb bvqwePvi jvfi myhvM wbwZ KiZ mgvRi mKj
tru
bvMwiK I miKviK mPZb cPv PvjvZ ne| Gi cvkvcvwk mvm, Rwev` I Abvb mKj `ywbqvex hYv `vqK kvw
mgvR _K wbg~j ev wbqY Kivi Pv PvjvZ ne| ZvnjB Avgiv Avkvbyic dj cve, Bbkv Avjvn|
ah
3. 11. 2. Avwjg I `vqxMYi KiYxq

Rwev` hnZz Bmjvgi bvg eenvi Kiv nQ mnZz Gi wbqY Avwjg, Bgvg, Avjvni c_ `vIqvZi wj
nn
ew ev `vqx Bjvjvn Ges avwgK gymwjgì `vwqZ mePq ewk| GK_v mZ h, mvgvRev` I AvMvmb weivax
^vaxKvi Av`vjbK Rwev` bvg Ìqv nQ Ges Rwevì ayqv Zzj mvivwek Bmjvg I Bmjvgx wkvK wbw`Z Kivi
u
AcPv Kiv nQ| mvgvRev`x kwwj wbRì cqvRb Rw Zwi KiQ Ges Zvì KgKvi Rb Bmjvg I
ss
Bmjvgx wkvK `vqx Kivi AcPv PvjvQ| cvkvcvwk GK_vI mZ h Avgvì `k I wewfb `k wKQz gvbyl Bmjvg
cwZv, Bmjvgx iv ev wePvi cwZv, Abvq cwZiva, AbvqKvixi kvw BZvw` Bmjvg-wb`wkZ Kgi bvg Bmjvg-
.a
wbwl Kg wj nQb| Gì wevw `~i Kivi g~j `vwqZ Avwjg I agxq bZeì|
w
Rwevì Rb cvvZK, mvgvRev`x cPviYvK ev Bmjvgi kìK `vqx Ki ee w`jB me `vwqZ kl

nq hvq bv| cvkvcvwk wevwi ZvwK chvjvPbv cqvRb| Bmjvgi bvg DMZv ev mvmx KgKv wj mKjB
w
Agymwjgì GRU ev xovbK ej gb Kivi KviY bB| Gì ga KD Ggb _vKjI Ab AbK gvbyl iqQb hviv
w
`xbx AveM wbq mvIqvei I bvRvZi Dk DMZv, mwnsmZv I LybLvivwcZ wj nQb| GìK mwVK vb c`vb I
wevw Acbv`bi `vwqZ Avwjg mgvRi| Bmjvgx wkvi weKwZ iva Kivi cvkvcvwk ivm~jyjvn I mvnvexMYi mybv Z
Abymvi bvqi Av`k, Abvqi wbla I `xbx `vIqvZK GwMq bIqvi Rb mwVK c_i wb`kbv Ìqv AvwjgMYi
`vwqZ|
3. 11. 2. 1. AvRvwZK cvcU
AvdMvwbvb, mvgvwjqv ev BivKi gZ fMwjK, mvgwiK I A_bwZK iZ iqQ evsjv`ki| KvRB
mvgvRev`x, mcmviYev`x I AvRvwZK ewbqv-P h Kvbv g~j G`ki Dci Zvì AvwacZ wevi KiZ Pv
Kieb| KLbv Zviv Rw Zwi Kieb Ges KLbv Rwevì AhynvZ avwgK gvbylì nqivwb, AZvPvi, Bmjvg
cPviKì Kiva, Bmjvgx wkv msKvPb BZvwì gvag Rwev`K D w`q `ki wwZkxjZv b Ki miKvi I
ckvmbK Zvì mnvqZv MnY eva Kieb|
G Avgvì gZ z` gvbylì Avjvni KvQ `b Kiv Qvov Zgb wKQzB Kivi bB| G `b-K Aenjv
Kieb bv| Avgvì mKjiB `vwqZ wbRi ewMZ K-wec` hfve `qi cwic~Y AveM w`q Avjvni KvQ Kuvw`,
Contents

Zgwb cwic~Y AveM I e`bv wbq `j-gZ wbwekl DvZi Rb Avjvni KvQ m-`b `yAv Kiv| Cgvbi b~bZg
`vex G `b I `yAv|
GLb cqvRb Ggb wKQz Avjvn-Iqvjv Avwjg I `vqxi hviv GKw`K miKvi, ckvmb I `vwqZkxjìK cwic~Y
AvwiKZv I fvjevmvi mv_ MVbg~jK civgk wèb Ges Zvì Rb `yAv Kieb| Aciw`K `xbi `vIqvZ AvMnx I
mvgvRev`-weivax avwgK gvbylìK nUKvwiZv, DMZv I nZvkv cwiZvM Ki KziAvb-mybvni wb`k Abymvi ah, cv,
mwnsmZvi cwieZ AwnsmZv I Lvivci gyKvwejvq fvj AvPiY viv `vIqvZi KvR AevnZ ivLvi AbyciYv wèb|
Zuviv nUKvwiZvi gvag `vIqvZK mwnsmZvq wj Kivi ZvwK wevwwj gywgbì Rb cKvk Kieb| Zuvì avwgKZv,
BLjvm, Bjg I Avgj gywgbìK Zvì civgk MnY Dy Kie|
Gic Avjvn-Iqvjv Avwjg I `vqxì Afve Avgiv Abyfe Kwi| AZ mgvRi g~javivi Avwjg-Djvgv, wPvwe` I
cxi-gvkvBL wKQzUv HKe nj Zuviv mgeZfve Gic `vwqZ cvjb AwaKZi mg nZb| Zuviv hw` mybvZi AvjvK
wKQz gZf` gb wbq RvgvAvZ ev HK I cviwiK fvjevmv cwZv KiZb Ges DvZ gynvv`xi cwZ cMvp
fvjevmv wbq mKj wgj Rwevì gZ welq gZwewbgq KiZ cviZb Zvnj `xbi bvg mKj wevw I DMZv
mnRB `~ixf~Z Kiv me nZv|
wK evnZ Zv me bq| hwÌ KziAvb-nv`xm evisevi HK I fvjevmvi wb`k Ìqv nqQ, ZeyI G wb`k
cwZvi myhvM eZgvb Avgvì AvQ ej gb nQ bv| Bbv wjjvwn Iqv Bbv BjvBwn ivwRDb!
3. 11. 2. 2. DMZvi cmvi `vqxMYi wewQbZvi f~w gKv
om
Avwjg-Djvgv, cxi-gvkvBL I `vqx-MYi cviwiK kZv, wewQbZv, `jv`wj I MvjvMvwjZ `xbi kì
Qvov Avi Kviv KjvY nQ ej Avgiv `LwQ bv| Gic wefwi KviY GKw`K hgb Bmjvgi `vIqvZ evnZ nQ
.c
Ges `xbi wei AccPvi nQ, Aciw`K mgvRi AbK AveMx hyeK g~j avivi Avwjg-Djvgv I cxi-gvkvBLì
st
welq nZvkv I KzaviYv cvlY Ki DMZvi AvnvbKvixì i co hvQ|
3. 11. 2. 3. wefwi cwiYwZ
tru
cZb I Aeqi hyMwjZ wefw I `jv`wji G Aev _KQ| zmW I ZvZvi hyi mgq wkqv-mybx, nvbvdx-
kvwdqx, kvwdqx-nv^jx Gic nvbvnvwb PjQ| weev`gvb wewfb `j zmWvi ev ZvZviì eySvZ Pv KiQb h, Avgiv
ah
Avcbvì ci kw, Avgvì cwZcivB Avcbvì k, KvRB Zvì Nvqj Kib| wK zmWvi ev ZvZviMY hLb
nZvKv PvwjqQb ZLb c-wec wePvi Kib wb, mKj ci mKj gymwjg bvix-cyilK wbwePvi nZv KiQb|
nn
eZgvb evmwbqv, BivK, AvdMvwbvb, mvgvwjqv I Abvb `k Avgiv GKB Aev `LZ cvB| AvwjgMY GK AciK
Lvivc ejQb| Avi `Lj`vi evwnbx Zvì evgvelY I MYnZvh mKjK wbwePvi nZv KiQb, K Kvb& gZi Zv
u
hvPvB KiQb bv|

ss
3. 11. 2. 4. wefwi Avb NZvn~wZ bv Ìqv

G wefw I `jv`wj `ytLRbK njI GRb nZvk nIqvi Kvbv KviY bB| Gi ga w`qB `xbx `vIqvZ GwMq
.a
PjQ I Pje| AvgvìKI `vIqvZ GwMq wbZ ne| Avgiv nqZ DvZi G wefw `~i KiZ cvie bv, Ze
w
Avgvì viv hb Kvbv AevZB DvZi wefw I e`bv ew bv cvq| Avgiv AbK mgq HKi K_v ewj, Ze
Avgvì wewfb gZev` Avgvì AvZmviB AbK I DMZv D `q| Gi AbZg welq njv wbRì Kg ev
w
KgcwZK GKgv mwVK ev GKgv cwic~Y ej `vwe Kiv|

w
AZxZ I eZgvb Avgvì `k I mKj gymwjg `k Bmjvgx `vIqvZi `vwqZ wewfbfve cvwjZ nqQ I
nQ| Zba PviwU aviv DjLhvM: (1) wkv wevi, (2) MY-`vIqvZ, (3) ìevi-LvbKv I (4) ivRbxwZ| G PviwU
avivi gvag mKjB GKwU Bev`ZB cvjb KiQb, hvi bvg Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ| cZK wbRi cwZK Dg
cgvY Kivi Rb wewfb `jxj cgvY ck KiZ hq Ggb aviYv w`Qb h, Zvi cwZi evBii cwZwjZ hviv G
Bev`Z cvjb KiQb Zvì Bev`Z nQ bv ev Kg gvbi nQ| Gfve gvbi KviY bq, ay cwZi KviY Abi
KgK Aeg~jvqb Kivi dj cviwiK kveva AcmvwiZ nQ, `jv`wj I MvjvMvwj ew cvQ, cviwiK mnbkxjZv
KgQ, DMZv evoQ Ges DMZvi cUf~wg cmvwiZ nQ| mevcwi Gfve wewQbZv vqx nQ Ges DMZv I Abvb Aeq
iva HKe BRwZnvì mvebv iwnZ nQ|
3. 11. 2. 5. mwVK `vIqvZ I weKwZ iva
Avgvì `vwqZ, mKj cwZKjZvi ga `xbx `vIqvZK AevnZ ivLv Ges cvkvcvwk `xbi h mKj wkv weKZ
Ki GKRb gywgbK DMZvq wj Kiv me mwji mwVK wP gymwjg Dvni KvQ Zzj aivi Pv Kiv| Avgiv G M
Avgvì mxwgZ hvMZv I mxwgZ vbi AvjvK G welqK wKQz Z_ DjL KiwQ| Avkv KiwQ, hvM I cv AvwjgMY
Gwji fyjvw mskvab Ki G welq Aviv DbZ MelYv DvZi Rb ck Kieb|
3. 11. 2. 6. ZvK&dxi, NYv I AmwnyZv eRb
Contents

mKj cwZKjZvi gaI mybvZ beex I mybvZ mvnvevi AvjvK Avjvni c_ `vIqvZi aviv AevnZ ivLZ
ne| `vIqvZi h mKj mvaviY fyjwU DMZv I AmwnyZv QovZ cvi Zv mPZbZvi mv_ wbqY KiZ ne|
Gwji AbZg njv `vIqvZi cwZKjZvi KviY weivaxìK Kvwdi, Bmjvgi k ev Abyic weklY
AvLvwqZ Kivi ceYZv|
eZ mgvRK, mgvRi bZe`K ev AvwjgMYK NYv bv Ki KD mvmx, Pigcx ev Rw Kg wj nZ cvi
bv| Avi Avwjg-Djvgv, cxi-gvkvBL I `xbi `vIqvZ KgiZ AbKB Rb A_ev bv Rb Gic NYv QovPQb|
ZvKdxi ev Kvwdi K_b Avgvì mgvR wewfbfve we`gvb| Avgvì AbK LvwiRx, gyZvwhjx I Abvb wev
wdiKvi bvq _evaK ee, gZvgZ, gZf`xq welq ev gymZvnve-gvKin welqvw`K Nywiq wdwiq bvbv evLv w`q
Kzdix ej cgvYi Pv KiQb| `jMZ, cwZMZ ev gvmAvjvMZ gZf` ev KgcwZi wfbZvi KviY GK AciK
Bmjvgi k, kì `vjvj, Bn~`x-Lvbì GRU, bex-IjxMYi `ykgb, BZvw` ej cvivwiK NYv D
w`Qb| G meB ZvKdxi ev Kvwdi K_bi wewfb ic| GmeB agx q DMZv D w`Q|
`jMZ, cwZMZ ev gvmAvjvMZ gZfì KviY Bmjvgi k, kì `vjvj ev Abyic Kvbv weklY
AvLvwqZ Kiv eRb KiZ ne| Kvbv Avwjg ev Bmjvgx ewZ Avcbvi gZi weivwaZv Kij, Avcbvi mv_ kZv
Kij ev Avcbvi wei dvZIqv w`j Avcwb ZvK Bmjvgi k ej MY Kieb bv| eis welqwUK Zvi BRwZnv` I
fyj ej MY Ki `q Zvi fvjevmv, Kg Zvi mv_ mnv`c~Y AvPiY I Zvi Rb `yAv AevnZ ivLyb| Avjvn ejQb:
om

.c
st
n gywgbMY, Kvbv mc`vq hb Aci mc`vqK Dcnvm-we`c bv Ki; nZ cvi Zviv we`cKvixì Pq
tru
Dg| Kvbv bvix hb Ab bvixK we`c-Dcnvm bv Ki; nZ cvi m we`cKvwibx Acv Dg| Avi Zvgiv GK
AciK wb`v Kiv bv Ges Zvgiv GK AciK g` Dcvwa w`q WKv bv| Cgvbi ci cvcx bvg cvIqv LyeB Lvivc
ah
welq| Avi hviv ZvIev Ki bv ZvivB hvwjg| 250

G wb`kbv Kvi Rb? Avjvni G wb`k wK cviwiK (reciprocal)? A_vr h AvgvK fvj eje Avwg ZvK
nn
fvj eje? bvwK G wb`k cvjb Avgvi-Avcbvi mvewYK `vwqZ? Abiv AvcbvK Dcnvm-we`c Ki, wb`v Ki ev g`
Dcvwa `q ej AvcwbI ZvìK Abyic Kieb? Gic Kvbv AbygwZ wK Avjvn w`qQb? KD cvjb KiK Avi bv
u
KiK, Avwg mevevq Avjvni G mKj wb`k cvjb Kie-Gic wmv wK Avgiv wbZ cvwi bv?
ss
AbK gymwjg AZv ev RvMwZK ^v_i KviY `xbx `vIqvZi weivwaZv Kib| Zviv wbRìK gymwjg ej
wekvm Kib, Bmjvgi wKQz weavb cvjb Kib, wK Avjvni c_ AvnvbKvixì gZvgZK agi bvg evovevwo ej
.a
gb Kib| hgb, AbK mvjvZzj C`, mvjvZzj Rvbvhv, ke-eivZi mvjvZ BZvw` Av`vq Kib, Kzievbx, AvKxKv,
w
KzjLvbx BZvw` cvjb Kib, wK cuvP Iqv mvjvZ Av`vqi welq ev c`vcvjb, my`-eRb, bZMxwZ-eRb BZvw` welq
w
KovKvwoK agi bvg evovevwo ej gb Kib| Zvì G AZvi Rb Zvì wbRì Aenjvi cvkvcvwk hyMhyM ai
mgvRi mvaviY AvwjgMYi `xb cPvii Aenjv I `yejZvI `vqx|
w
Gì weivwaZvi KviY Avjvni c_ AvnvbKvixiv GìK wewfb fve ZvK&dxi Kib| ZvìK Kvwdi,
Kvwdi chvqi ev Bmjvgi k AvLvwqZ Ki KwVbfve Zvì wei Avvkg~jK K_v ejb| bvgvh-ivhv cvjb
KijI Zvì Kvbv jvf ne bv ej `vwe Kib| Kvwjgv co Ges bvgvh-ivhv cvjb KiI Zviv Kvwdi ev Kvwdi
chvqi _vKe ej Nvlbv Kib!! Gic AvPiY I K_vevZv wewfbfve mwnsmZv Qovq| GwjK nvjKv Ki `Lvi
Kvbv Dcvq bB| KviY Gic GKwU DMZv cieZx AbK DMZvi c_ Lyj `q|
Avjvni wb`kvbymvi Lvivci gyKvwejvq Dg w`q, myì Dc`k, cv Ges Dg weZKi gvag Zvì wevw
wPwZ Kib, Gic wew h KzdixZ wbcwZZ KiZ cvi Zv eySvb Ges ZvìK `xbi mwVK vb c`vbi Pv Kib|
wK KLbvB Bmjvgi k BZvw` ej ZvKdxii gZ KwVb cvci ga wbcwZZ neb bv|
Gì AbKB `vqx ev cPviKi Mig I AvgbvZK K_v I AvPiYi KviYB `vIqvZi weivwaZv Kib|
Avi `vqx wbRK Bmjvgi cwZf~ weePbv Ki Zvi ev Zvi gZi mv_ kZvi KviY gymwjgK Bmjvgi k evwbq
`b| Gfve DMZvi ìRv Lyj hvq|
Avjvn n K_v ejZ wb`k w`qQb wK Mig K_v ejZ wb`k `bwb| n K_vK big Ki ejZ wb`k
Contents

w`qQb| weki AbZg ZvM~Z Lv`v`vnx Rvwjg wdivDbi KvQ g~mv I nvib (Av) K ciY Ki wZwb big K_vi
wb`k w`q ejb:

Zvgi Dfq wdivDbi wbKU Mgb Ki, m AevaZv I mxgvjsNb KiQ| Zvgiv Zvi mv_ big K_v eje,
nqZv m Dc`k MnY Kie ev fq Kie|251
G hw` nq KvwdiK Av`k-wblai bex-ivm~jMYi cwZ wb`k, Zvnj hviv Kvwjgv coQb, gymwjg ej
wbRK gb KiQb ZvìK Av`k wbla Kivi Avgvì Aviv KZ webg I ezfvevcb nIqv DwPZ Zv GKUz wPv
Kib| Avjvn Aviv ejb:

Zviv AvjvnK Qo hvì WvK ZvìK Zvgiv Mvwj wè bv; KviY dj Zviv mxgvjNb Ki AZvekZ
AvjvnK Mvwj wè|252
G hw` nq Kvwdiì c~Rbxqì Avjvni wb`k, Zvnj gymwjgK Av`k-wbla KiZ hq ZvK, Zvi v
ev RvMwZK gZi bZv ev mv_xìK Mvwj Ìqv wKfve ea ne? Avjvn ejb:
om

Ges Zvgiv Dg AvPiY Qvov Abvb Mi Abymvixì mv_ weZK Kiv bv; Zvì ga hviv Ryjyg KiQ
.c
Zvì mv_ Qvov|253
st
Bn~`x-LvbMY wKZve gvbvi `vwe KiQ, wK KLbvB gvb wb, eis Dv PjQ Ges wKZve weKZ KiQ ej
AvjvnB RvwbqQb, ZviciI Zvì mv_ Gic Dg AvPiYi wb`k w`jb Avjvn| Zvnj h ew KziAvb gvbvi `vwe
tru
KiQb, wK gvbQb bv ej Avcwb `vwe KiQb, Zvi mv_ Avcbvi AvPiY wKic nIqv ìKvi?
`xb cwZvi Kg wbqvwRZ mKjKB eySZ ne h, Avgiv Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ bvgK iZc~Y Bev`Z cvjb
ah
KiwQ| G Bev`Z hw` KziAvb-mybvni kLvbv cwZZ mybvZ-mZ cvq cvjb KiZ cvwi, Ze Avgiv Afvebxq mvIqve
ARb KiZ cvie| weklZ Kzdi, Bjnv`, ewgZc~Rv, ^v_ciZv I Aeqi hyM `vIqvZ I Av`k-wblai `vwqZ cvjb
nn
LyeB eo KvR| G cwiwwZZ mybvZcwZZ `vIqvZi `vwqZ cvjbKvix GKRb gywgb 50 Rb mvnvex ev wmxKi mvIqve jvf
Kieb ej mnxn nv`xm DjL Kiv nqQ|254
u
wK Avgiv hw` G Bev`Z KziAvb-mybvn wb`wkZ cwZi ewZgfve cvjb Kwi ev Avgvì cew I
ss
cwZkvanvi Zvobvq DMZvq wj nB Zvnj Avgiv KwVb cvc wbcwZZ nIqvi cvkvcvwk Bmjvg I `xbx `vIqvZK
KjwZ Kie Ges cKZ A_ AvgivB Avjvni KvQ Bmjvgi k ej MY ne| bvDh~ wejvn wgb hvwjKv!
.a
gywgbi AvPiY I cKwZ eYbv Ki ivm~jyjvn ejQb:

w
gyw gb H ew h wbR AbìK fvjevm Ges AbivI ZvK fvjevm| h ew wbR Abì fvjevm bv
w
Ges AbivI ZvK fvjevm bv Zvi ga Kvbv KjvY bB|255

gywgbi G cKwZ Kvì Rb? hviv Zvi `ji, gZi ev ZvK fw Ki Zvì Rb? bv RvwZ-ag-eY wbwekl
mKj gvbyli Rb?
`ki cvq 90% gymwjg `xb mK Zgb Kvbv aviYv ivLb bv| Zviv Bmjvg ejZ hv eySb Zv Zviv cvjb I
cwZv Kib| ZvìK Bmjvgi mwVK vb `vb Kiv Avwjg I `vqxMYi `vwqZ| K Ki `xbi `vIqvZ bv w`q Avcwb
ivZvivwZ Bmjvg Kvqg KiZ Pvb? cvci KviY Avcwb cvcxìK gi Kwgq djZ Pvb? A_P ivm~jyjvn ( )
KvwdiìK euvPvZ D`Mxe wQjb, nqZ Zvì cieZx cRbì ga _K KD gymwjg ne| gvevmxì AZvPvi
RRwiZ ivm~jyjvn ( ) Zvqd hq cjb wbggZg AZvPvi| m mgq wReivCj (Av) cvnvoi wdwikZvK wbq Zuvi
wbKU AvMgb Ki ejb, Avcbvi AbygwZ nj cvnvo DwVq G mKj Rbc` asm Ki Ìqv ne| KwVbZg Ki m
gyZI wZwb ejb,
Contents

bv| eis Avwg Avkv Kwi h, Avjvn nqZ Gì Jim _K Ggb gvbyli Rb èb hviv GKgv Avjvni Bev`Z
Kie Ges Zuvi mv_ wKQz kwiK Kie bv|256
h KvwdiMY Zuvi `nK iiwZ KiQ ZvìB Rb wZwb Avjvni KvQ gv cv_bv KiQb, hb ZuvK AvNvZi
KviY Avjvn Zvì asm bv Kib| wZwb Zuvi Kcvji i gyQQb Ges ejQb,

n Avgvi cwZcvjK, Avgvi RvwZK Avcwb gv Ki w`b, KviY Zviv Rvb bv|257
3. 11. 2. 7. `ywbqvgywLZv ev djvdj-gywLZv
Ab h welqwU DMZvi c_ Dby Ki Zv njv `vIqvZi `ywbqvgywLZv I `ywbqvi djvdj wePvi| ivZvivwZ, A
wKQz w`b ev ermi ev cwiKwZ mgqi ga me wKQz fvj Ki djvi ev Kvbv RvMwZK dj ARb Kivi wPv hgb
Aeve I Avjvni mybvZi weivax, Zgwb wKQzB ne bv ej nZvk nq cov A_ev ej wKQz jvf ne bv gb Ki
`vIqvZi `vwqZ Aenjv KivI asmvZK I Avjvni Av`ki weivax| Bmjvgi weRqi cwZkwZ Avjvn w`qQb Ges
wZwbB GK GwMq wbeb| gywgbi `vwqZ mybvZi AvjvK wbRi Kg Avvg Ìqv|
3. 11. 2. 8. Bmjvgi wecbZvq nZvkv
om
nZvkv gvbylK gwiqv (desperate) Ki Zvj| GZ gvbyl DMZvq wbcwZZ nq| gyw gb mgKvjxb cwiwwZ `L
Bmjvgi fwelr mK nZvk nq Gic gwiqv nq DVZ cvib|
Bmjvg wecb ej `ywvM nIqvi Kvbv KviY bB| BwZnvmi w`K `wcvZ Kib| cvci wb`k I
.c
AbyciYvq Ckii BQv c~iY, ag cwZv I webv-wnmve RvbvZ Mgbi Dbv`bv wbq mgM BDivc GKwZ nq 1095
st
L/488 wn _K cvq 2 kZ ermi eei zmW hy KiQ gacvPi gymwjg `kwji wei| ccvji gZ wgwjqb
wgwjqb aghvv zk DwPq gymwjg `kwjZ Svwcq coQ, bvix, cyil I wk-mn jj gvbyl nZv KiQ Ges
tru
GKi ci GK gymwjg `k `Lj Ki wbqQ| zmWviMY `xK NvlYv KiQb h, KqK eQii gaB Zviv gv I
g`xbv `Lj Ki BmjvgK wPiZi wbgyj Kieb| mgvR mPZb gymwjg I `vqxMY AbKB feQb, Bmjvg eywS
ah
wecb|
wK Bmjvg wecb nq wb| cvc, AbvPvi, Ryjyg, `jv`wj I nvbvnvwbZ wj gymwjgMY kvw cjI Bmjvg weRqx
nn
nqQ| gymwjgì HK I cwZ wQj bv| Zvi ciI gymwjgMY AvMvmx zmWviì mKj gymwjg f~wg _K weZvwoZ
KiZ mg nqQb| Dci zmW hyi ci GiB avivevwnKZvq gv^q gymwjgMY c~e BDivci cvq Aavsk AwaKvi
u
KiZ mg nb| zmWviMY PqwQjb BmjvgK gacvP _K gyQ w`Z| wK G hyi gvag Bmjvg BDivc
ss
vqxfve Zvi Avmb MoQ|

zmW hyi ciB c~e _K ZvZvi Avgb i nqQ| AKbxq eei m Avgbi mvgb GKi ci GK
.a
gymwjg `ki cZb nqQ| jj gvbyl cvY nvwiqQ| asm nqQ m` I gvbe HwZn| gymwjgMY feQb,
w
Bmjvg eywS kl| wK cvc, AbvPvi I wewQbZvq AvK wj gymwjg mgvRi gvbyliv kvw cjI Bmjvg kl nq wb|
h mgq ZvZviì nvZ Bivb, BivK, wmwiqv Abvb `ki gymwjgMY wbnZ nQb, m mgq B`vbwkqv, gvjqwkqv,
w
wdwjcvB, ebvB, _vBjv BZvw` `ki AMwYZ gvbyl gv^q Bmjvgi QvqvZj AvMgb KiQb| mevcwi h eei
w
ZvZvi RvwZ AgvbweK Avvk gymwjg `kwj asm KiQ, gv KqK ermii ga Zviv Bmjvg MnY Ki Ges mviv
wek Bmjvgx weRqi SvvK GwMq wbZ _vK| gvbe BwZnvmi G GK AjwKK welq| GKwU weRqx RvwZ gv KqK
eQii ga GKwU wewRZ RvwZi ag MnY Ki m agi weRq Zivw^Z KiZ jvMj!
Abyicfve Av`k I Ebwesk kZK gymwjg `kwjZ Dcwbek vcb Ki Ges c_g gnvhy ZziK civwRZ
Ki zmWviMY fewQjb h, Bmjvgi ivRbwZK cwiwPwZ gyQ djv me nqQ Ges AwPiB wgkbvwi Kg I agv
ii gvag Bmjvg agI wejxb nq hve| wK Zvì m wPv fyj ej cgvwYZ nqQ|
wZxq wekhyi ci ^vaxb gymwjg `kwjZ cybivq Bmjvgx RvMiY I Bmjgx Rxebeevi w`K wdi hvIqvi
Avnvb Rvi`vi nZ _vK| G `vex msLvMwi RbMYi `q k Ki| ZLbB G `vIqvZK DMZv-i c_ cwiPvwjZ
Kivi cPv i nq| wgmii BLIqvbyj gymwjgxb I Abvb Bmjvgx `vIqvZx KgKvK Rvgvj Avyb bvwmi gZvq
AvivnYi Rb eenvi Kib| Gici AZwKZ wbhvZb-wbcxobi gvag G mKj `vIqvZx KgKvK DMZvi w`K Vj
Ìqv nq| GZ Rbwcq `vIqvZ RbwewQb DMZvq chewmZ nZ _vK| hLb `vIqvZi bZe` GK gacvq AvbZ
Pv Kib, ZLb Avevi RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxb aibi DM `j mw Ki Avwjg, Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ`vbKvix I avwgK
Contents

gvbylìK Ges Bmjvgx RvMiYK RbMYi KvQ NY I RbwewQb Kivi cPv Pj|
1988-1992 mvj AvjRwiqvq Bmjvgx `vIqvZ RbwcqZv jvf Ki| RvZxq wbevPb BmjvwgK mvjfkb dU
wecyj msLvMwiZv wbq Rqjvf Ki| m~Y AMYZvwKfve wbevPbi djvdj evwZj Ki BmjvgcxìK DMZvi
c_ Vj Ìqv nq| AveMZvwoZ nq Zviv A I mwnsmZvi c_ cv evovq| Avi Gi dj Rbwcq GKwU Av`vjb
RbwewQb I RbwaKZ mvm icvwiZ nq|
Gfve me`v Rbwcq `xbx `vIqvZK DMZvi gvag RbwewQbb I RbwaKZ evwbq djv nqQ| cqvRb DMZvi
cPviKì ivcb Kiv nqQ| G welq Avjvni c_ AvnvbKvixì mZK nZ ne|
RvgvAvZzj gymwjgxbi KgKv _K wgmi I Bmvqj miKvi mKj myweav MnY KiQb, wK `xbx `vIqvZ wbwePvi
wbcxob I wbhvZb Qvov wKQzB cvqwb| 9/11 ev 2001 mvji 11B mî wbDBqKi UzBb UvIqvi nvgjv _K
AvgwiKvi be-iYkxjMY I hvqbev`x Bn`xMY mKj cKvi myweav jvf KiQb, wK gymwjg Dvn wZM nqQ|
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1. Avey nvbxdv bygvb Beby mvweZ (150wn.), Avj-wdKj AvKevi, gyjv Kvixi kvin mn, (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk,
1984)
2. kvwdqx, gynvv` Beby Bìxm (204wn) Avj-D (eiZ, `vij gvwidvn, 1393 wn)
3. Avyi ivh&hvK mvbAvbx (211 wn), Zvdmxij KziAvb (Avj-gvKZveyZk kvwgjv, 3.5 (www.sonnhonline.com)
4. Beby Avex kvBev, Ave~ evKi (235wn), Avj-gymvbvd (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g msiY, 1995)
5. Avng` Beby nv^vj (241wn), Avj-gymbv` (KvBiv, KziZzevn, I gvAvwid, 1958)
6. `vwigx, Avyjvn Beby Avyi ivngvb (255 wn.), Avm-mybvb (Avj-gvKZvevZzk kvwgjv, 3.5: http://www.islamic-
council.com)
7. eyLvix, gynvv` Beby BmgvCj (256wn), Avm-mnxn (eiZ, `vi Kvmxi, Bqvgvn, 2q cKvk, 1987)
8. eyLvix, AvZ-ZvixLyj Kvexi (eiZ, jevbb, `vij wdKi)
9. gymwjg Bebyj nvvR (261wn), Avm-mnxn (KvBiv, GnBqvBj KzZzwej Avivweqv)
10. Ave~ `vD`, myjvBgvb Beby AvkAvm (275wn), Avm-mybvb (eiZ, `vij wdKi)
11. Beby gvRvn, gynvv` Beby Bqvwh` (275 wn.), Avm-mybvb (eiZ, `vij wdKi)
12. wZiwghx, gynvv` Beby Cmv (279 wn), Avm-mybvb (eiZ, `vi GnBqvwqZ Zzivwmj Avivex)
om
13. gyevi&wi`, gynvv` Beby Bqvwh` (285wn), Avj-Kvwgj (eiZ, gyAvm&mvmvZzi wimvjvn, 2q cKvk, 1993)
14. bvmvC, Avng` Beby AvBe (304wn), Avm-mybvbyj Kzeiv (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk 1991)
15. Zvevix, Avey Rvdi gynvv` Beby Rvixi (310 wn), Zvdmxi: RvwgDj evqvb (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 1405 wn)
.c
16. Avey AvIqvbv, BqvKe Beby BmnvK (316), Avj-gymbv` (eiZ, `vij gvwidvn, 1g cKvk, 1988)
st
17. Avey Rvdi Zvnvex, Avng` Beby gynvv` (321wn.), Avj-AvKx`v AvZ-Zvnvexqvn, Beb Avexj B nvbvdxi kvin mn, (eiZ, Avj-
gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 9g. 1988)
tru
18. Ave~ Rvdi Zvnvex, gvZbyj AvKx`vn AvZ-Zvnvweqvn, (KvBiv, gvKZvevZz Bewb ZvBwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1988)
19. Beby wnevb, gynvv` Avj-eymwZ (354wn), Avm-mnxn (eiZ, gyAvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn, 2q cKvk, 1993)
ah
20. Avj-AvRyi&ix, gynvv` Bebyj mvBb (360wn), Avk-kvixAvn (wiqv`, gvKZvevZz `vwim mvjvg, 1g gy`Y 1992)
21. nvwKg bvBmvc~ix, gynvv` Beby Avyjvn (405wn), Avj-gymZvìvK (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1990)
22. evM`v`x, Avyj Kvwni Beby Zvwni (429 wn), Avj-dviKz evBbvj wdivK (eiZ, `vij gvwidvn)
nn
23. `vbx, Ave~ Avgi Dmgvb Beby mvC` (444 wn), Avm-mybvbyj Iqvwi`vZz wdj wdZvb (wiqv`, `vij Avwmgv, 1g gy`Y, 1416 wn)
24. Beby nvhg, Avjx Beby Avng` (456wn), Avj-gynvjv (eiZ, Bjwgqvn)
u
25. 458 evBnvKx, Avngv` Bebyj mvBb (458 wn), Avm-mybvbyj Kzeiv (gvv gyKviivgv, gvKZvevZz `vwij evh, 1994)
ss
26. 458 evBnvKx, Avngv` Bebyj mvBb (458 wn), Aveyj Cgvb, (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1990)
27. mvivLmx, Avey evKi, gynvv` Beby Avngv` (490 wn.), Avj-gvem~Z (eiZ, `vij gvwidvn, 1989)
.a
28. ivwMe Bmcvnvbx (507wn), Avj-gydiv`vZ dx Mvwiwej KziAvb (eiZ. `vij gvwidvn, Zv. we.)
29. Kvmvbx, AvjvDxb (587wn) ev`vBDm mvbvBq (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn)
w
30. Bebyj RvIhx, Aveyj dvivR Avyi ivngvb Beby Avjx (597 wn), Zvjexmy Bewjm (eiZ, `vij wdK&i, 1994)
w
31. Bebyj RvIhx, hv`yj gvmxi (Avj-gvKZvevZzk kvwgjv 3.5: www.altafsir.com)

32. Bebyj Avmxi, gynvv` Bebyj gyevivK (606 wn), Avb-wbnvBqvn dx Mvwiwej nv`xm (eiZ, `vij wdKi)
w
33. Avj-Avwg`x, Avjx Beby gynvv` (631 wn), Avj-BnKvg ( eiZ, `vij wKZve Avj-Avivex, 1g gy`Y, 1404)
34. Avj-gvKw`mx, gynvv` Beby Avyj Iqvwn` (643 wn), Avj-Avnv`xmyj gyLZvivn (gv gyKviivgv, gvKZvevZzb bvn`vn Avj-nv`xmvn, 1g,
1410 wn)
35. gybwhix, Avyj Avhxg Beby Avyj Kvex (656 wn), AvZ-ZviMxe IqvZ Zvinxe (eiZ, `vij KzZzewj Bjwgqvn, 1g cKvk, 1417wn)
36. Bh&h (Avyj Avhxh) Beby Avym mvjvg (660wn), Zvdmxij Bh&h (eiZ, `vi Beb nvh&g, 1g cKvk 1996)
37. ivhx, gynvv` Beby Avex evKi (666 wn), gyLZvim wmnvn (eiZ, gvKZvevZz jyebvb, 1995)
38. KziZzex, gynvv` Beby Avng` (671 wn), Avj-Rvwg wj AvnKvwgj KziAvb (KvBiv, `vik kve, 2q c.)
39. beex, BqvnBqv Beby kvivd (676 wn.), kvi mnxn gymwjg, (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 1981wL.)
40. Beby ZvBwgqv, Avng` Beby Avyj nvjxg (728 wn) gvRg~Dj dvZvIqv (wiqv`, `vij Iqvdv, 3q gy`Y, 2005)
41. Ave~ nvBqvb gynvv` Beby BDmyd (745 wn), Avj-evnij gynxZ (Avj-gvKZvevZzk kvwgjv, 3.5: http://www.altafsir.com)
42. hvnvex, gynvv` Beby Avngv` (748 wn.) wmqvi Avjvwgb byevjv (eiZ, gyAvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn, 9g gy`Y, 1413 wn)
43. Beby Kvmxi BmgvCj Beby Dgvi (774 wn), Avj-we`vqv Iqvb wbnvqv (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 1g msiY, 1996)
44. Beby Kvmxi, Avb-wbnvqvZz wdj wdZvwb Iqvj gvjvwng (Avj-gvKZvevZzk kvwgjv, 3.5: http://www.alwarraq.com)
45. Beby Kvmxi, Zvdmxij KziAvwbj Avhxg (g`xbv, `vi ZvBev, 2q c. 1999)
46. kvwZex, Beivnxg Beby g~mv (790 wn), Avj-BwZmvg (eiZ, `vij gvwidvn, 1985)
47. Beby Avwej B nvbvdx (792wn), kvij AvKx`vn AvZ-Zvnvweqvn (eiZ, Avj-gvKZve Avj-Bmjvgx, 9g c., 1988)
48. Beby ivRve, Avyi ivngvb Beby Avngv` (795 wn.), RvwgDj Dj~g Iqvj wnKvg (eiZ, `vij gvwidvn, 1g cKvk, 1408wn)
49. nvBmvgx, b~ixb Avjx Beby Avex evKi (807wn.) gvRgvDh hvIqvB` (eiZ, `vij wKZvwej Avivex, 3q cKvk, 1982)
50. wdivhAvev`x, gynvv` Beby BqvKe (817wn) Zvbexij wgKevm (Avj-gvKZvevZzk kvwgjv 3.5: http://www.altafsir.com)
51. e~mxix, Avng` Beby Avex evKi (840 wn), wgmevh hyRvRvn (eiZ, `vij gwidvn, 2q cKvk, 1403 wn)
52. Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, Avng` Beby Avjx (852 wn) dvZj evix kvi mvnxwnj eyLvix (eiZ, jevbb, `vij wdKi)
53. mvbAvbx, gynvv` Beby BmgvCj (852 wn), myeyjym mvjvg (eiZ, `vi BnBqvwqZ Zzivwmj Avivex, 4_ gy`Y, 1379 wn)
54. Avyi ivngvb Beby Avex evK&i mvwjnx (856wn), Avj-Kvb&hyj AvKevi (gvv gyKvi&ivgv, gvKZvevZz wbhvi evh, 1g gy`Y, 1997)
55. myq~Zx, Rvjvjyxb (911) hvBjyj gvDh~AvZ (fviZ, Avj-gvZevDj Avjvex, 1303 wn)
56. gvjv Avjx Kvix (1014wn), Avj gvmby (nvje, wmwiqv, gvKZve Avj-gvZeyAvZ Avj-Bmjvwgqvn, 1g msiY, 1969)
57. gybvex, Avyi ivEd (1031 wn), dvB`yj Kv`xi (KvBiv, Avj-gvKZvevZzZ wZRvwiqv Avj-Kzeiv, 1g gy`Y, 1356 wn)
58. hviKvbx, gynvv` Beby Avyj evKx (1122wn), kvij gyqvv (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1g gy`Y, 1411)
59. Beby AvRxevn, Avng` Beby gynvv` (1224), Avj-evnij gv`x` (Avj-gvKZvevZzk kvwgjv, 3.5: http://www.altafsir.com)
60. kvIKvbx, gynvv` Beby Avjx (1255 wn.) bvBjyj AvDZvi, (eiZ, `vij Rxj, 1973)
61. Beby Ave`xb, gynvv` Avgxb (1256 wn), ivwj gynZvi (eiZ, `vij wdKi, 1979)
62. ivngvZzjv n Beby Ljxjyi ingvb Kxivbex (1308 wn), Bhnvij n, W. Lv`Kvi Avyjvn Rvnvxi Ab~w`Z (BmjvwgK dvDkb
evsjv`k, c_g cKvk, 2007)
63. AvhxgAvev`x, gynvv` kvgmyj n (1310wn), AvIbyj gvey` (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 2q gy`Y, 1415wn)
64. gyeviKcyix, gynvv` Avyi ivngvb (1353wn), ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx (eiZ, `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn)
om
65. Avyi ivngvb Beby gynvv` Avj-nv^v jx (1392 wn); nvwkqZzi ivIw`j gyiwe kiv hvw`j gymZvbKx (Avj-gvKZvevZzk kvwgjv, 3.5:
http://www.ahlalhdeeth.com)
66. Aveyj nvmvb Avjx bèx (1420 wn), wiRvjyj wdKwi Iqv` `vIqvZ (wmwiqv, `vi Beb Kvmxi, 1g cKvk, 1999)
.c
67. Avjevbx, gynvv` bvwmixb (1420), mnxj Rvwgwqm mvMxi (eiZ, Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 3q msiY, 1988)
68. Avjevbx, mnxZ ZviMxe (wiqv`, gvKZvevZzj gvAvwid, 3h gy`Y, 1988) st
69. Avjevbx, hqxdz mybvwb Bewb gvRvn (mw` Avie, wiqv`, gvKZvevZzj gvAvwid, 1g cKvk, 1997)
tru
70. Avjevbx, mnx mybvwb Bewb gvRvn (wiqv`, gvKZvevZzj gvAvwid, 1g cKvk, 1997)
71. Avjevbx, wmjwmjvZzj- hvqxdvn (wiqv`, gvAvwid, 1g cKvk, 1992)
72. Avjevbx, wmjwmjvZzj- mvnxnvn (wiqv`, gvAvwid, 1g cKvk, 1992)
ah
73. Avjevbx, BiIqvDj Mvjxj (eiZ, Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 1g, 1979)

74. Avjevbx, mnx mybvwbZ wZiwghx (Avj-gvKZvevZzk kvwgjv, 3.5)
nn
75. gwZIi ingvb, HwZnvwmK Awfavb (XvKv, evsjv GKvWgx, 1967)

76. DmvBgxb, gynvv` Beby mvwjn, Avj-KvIjyj gydx` (wiqv`, `vi Bebyj RvIhx, 2q cKvk, 1424 wn)
u
77. gynvv` myii web bvBd, Avj-Kgy weMvBwi gv Avbhvjvjv I Avnjyj j~, (weUb, evwgsnvg, `vij AviKvg, 2q cKvk)
78. Mvjvg Avng` gvZvRv; Pc ivLv BwZnvm (eagvb, fviZ, 8g, 2000)
ss
79. Mvjvg Avng` gvZvRv; BwZnvmi BwZnvm (eagvb, wek-exq cKvkb, 1978)
80. AvRnvij Bmjvg, G.K.Gg, wbw`Z wek bw`Z Me (PMvg, Avjvgv dRjyjvn dvDkb,2007)
.a
81. mvwjn Avj-kvBL, kvij AvKx`vn Avj-IqvwmwZqvn (Avj-gvKZvevZzk kvwgjv, 3.5)

w
82. W. Avng` gynvv` Rjx, wìvmvZzb Avwbj wdivK (wiqv`, wKs dvqmvj dvDkb di wimvP G BmjvwgK vwWR, 2q gy`Y 1988)
83. W. Beivnxg RygAv, Avj-AvZjvm AvZ-ZvixLx wj`-`vIjv Avm-mvEw`qvn (wiqv`, `vivZzj gvwjK Avyj Avhxh, 1979)
w
84. BmgvCj Avng` BqvMx, ZvixLyj Avjvg Avj-Bmjvgx (wiqv`, wgixL, 1993)
w
85. W. bvwmi Avj-AvKj, Avj-LvIqvwiR (wiqv`, `vij IqvZvb, 2q cKvk, 1417)

86. kx kj` wekv m, msm` evsjv-BsiwR Awfavb (KjKvZv, wk mvwnZ msm`, 1979)
87. mvwjg evnbmvex, Avj-Kgy Iqv Kvw`qvZz ZvKdxwij gymwjg (KzqZ, `vij eyn~wmj Bjwgqvn, 3q gy`Y, 1985)
88. Avyjvn Beby Dgvi `ygvBRx, Avj-BgvgvZzj Dhgv (wiqv`, `vi ZvBev, 2q gy`Y, 1409 wn)
89. W. Lv`Kvi Avyjv n Rvnvxi, KziAvb mybv ni AvjvK Bmjvgx AvKx`v (wSbvB`n, Avm-mybvn cvewjKk, 1g cKvk 2007)
90. W. Lv`Kvi Avyjv n Rvnvxi, GnBqvDm mybvb (wSbvB`n, Avm-mybv n cvewjKk, 5g msiY 2007)
91. W. Lv`Kvi Avyjv n Rvnvxi, eyn~myb dx Dj~wgj nv`xm (wSbvB`n, Avm-mybvn cvewjKk, 1g cKvk 2007)
92. W. Lv`Kvi Avyjv n Rvnvxi, nv`xmi bvg RvwjqvwZ (wSbvB`n, Avm-mybvn cvewjKk, 3q cKvk 2008)
93. W. Lv`Kvi Avyjv n Rvnvxi, Avjvni c_ `vIqvZ (wSbvB`n, Avm-mybvn cvewjKk, 2q msiY 2009)
94. mv`bv cwil`, Avj-gvIm~Av Avj-wdKwnqvn: Avj-wdKn wekKvl (KyqZ AvIKvd I BmjvwgK Gdqvm gYvjq I `vim
mvjvwmj, 2q gy`Y, 1427wn)
95. mv`bv cwil`, Bmjvgx wekKvl, BmjvwgK dvDkb evsjv`k)
96. The Holy Bible, Authorized Version/King James Version, reprinted and published by Bible
Society of South Africa, 1988.
97. quoted from Dr. Abdul Hamid Qadri, Dimensions of Christianity, (Islamabad, Pakistan, Dawah
Academy, International Islamic University, 1st edition, 1989)
98. Carl Gottaleb Pfander, Balance of Truth (The Mizanul Haqq), part-1 (The Good Way, Rikon,
Switzerland)
99. Encyclopaedia Britannica, CD Version, 2005
100. The Independent, Dhaka 14/1/2006. 18/02/2006, 8/9/2006, 20/02/2009
101. A. S. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (Oxford University Press, 5th edition,
1995)
102. Ahmed Deedat, The Choice (Jeddah, Abul Qasim Publications, 1st, 1994)
103. Microsoft Encarta 2008. 1993-2007 Microsoft Corporation.
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Bmjvgi bvg

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev`

W. Lv`Kvi Avyjvn Rvnvxi

(cxi mvne, dzidziv)

c_g msiYi f~wgKv

22. evBej _K KziAvb

msMn ev civgki Rb hvMvhvM Kib:

wSbvB`n-7300| gvevBj bs 01711-152954, 01922-137921|

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 6

3. 1. wevwi mgKvjxb cvcU /88

3. 3. KiYxq I eRbxq /96

3. 5. wePvi I nZv /100

3. 6. wRnv` I nZv /102

3. 6. 2. Bmjvgx kixqZ wRnv` I Zvi c~ekZ /105

3. 6. 4. Kvwdi hvv nZv ebvg Kvwdi nZv /118

3. 6. 5. Bmjvgi BwZnvm wRnv` I mvm /121

3. 7. wRnv` welqK wevw /137

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 7

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 8

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 9

KLbvB ^xKvi Kiv nq bv|

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 10

1. 2. Bmjvgi bvg mvm I Rwev`

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 11

1. 3. AvjvwPZ c_g KviY: Bmjvg

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 12

KB cvV KiQb, Bmjvgx vbi m~wj _K wbicfve Z_ msMn Kib wb|

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 13

bvMwiK`i evwoNi I m` jyU Kiv nq|

wbnZ nqQb Ges AMwYZ gvbyl AvnZ nqQb|

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 14

1. 4. AvjvwPZ wZxq KviY: Bmjvgx wkv

gvbwmK wezZv, mvgvwRK AbvPvi ev Ab Kvbv KviY Gi wcQb KvhKi|

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 15

g~javivq wbq Avmvi wPv Kivi GLbB mgq|10

AwfhvM KiQb bv| Gi KviY Kx!

mvaviY gvbyl`i KvQ cvMjvwg ejB gb nq|

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 17

ev AwaKvi bB h, gv`vmv bvg hv wKQz cwZv Kiv nQ Zv Z`viwK Kieb|

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 18

hve bv ejB cZxqgvb nq|

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 19

njI Zv`i Kvbv Amyweav bB|

mgmv wbqY Ki `ki mvgwMK wwZ I AMMwZ wbwZ KiZ|

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 20

Invex`i Aaxb Pj Avm|

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 21

fvj gymwjgi` wei nIqvi ev K cvIqvi Kvbv KviY bB|

Av`vjb ejv nqQ|

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 22

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 23

Abvqi cwZev` KiQb, KviveiY KiQb ev kvnv`vZ jvf KiQb|

gb KiQb Zv`iK mg_b KiQb ev Drmvn w`qQb|

ej `vwe I cgvY Kib|

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 25

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 26

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 27

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 28

Kvvi, GBWm BZvw`i wei wKQz UvKv Aby`vb c`vb Kib|

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 29

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 30

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 31

Beby Dgvi (iv) ejb:

Bmjvgi bvg Rwev` 32