5.

Prepoziti i cu substanti ve, adjecti ve si verbe

Prepozitii si:
Substantive Adjective Verbe

oval of - aprobarea
eness of - gradul de
tientizare
ern for - preocuparea pentru
usion about - confuzie cu privire la
e for - dorina de
ness for - toleran pentru
of - stapanire de
d of - ura fata de
est in - interes in
of - dragostea de
for - necesitatea /nevoia de a
rstanding of - intelegerea
afraid of - frica de
angry at - furios la
aware of - constient de
capable of - capabil sa
careless about - neatent la /cu
happy about - fericit in legatura cu
interested in - interesat
jealous of - gelos
made of - facut /fabricat in (din)
similar to - asemanator cu
sorry for - imi pare rau pentru ...
tired of - obosit de (satul de)
worried about - ingrijorat de / in legatura
cu
ask for - a cere [ceva]
belong to - a apartine [cuiva]
bring up - a aduce
care for - a avea grija de
look forward to - a astepta cu nerabdare sa
look up - a privi in sus
make up - a alcatui, a nascoci, a prepara
pay for - a plati pentru
prepare for - a se pregati pentru
talk about - a vorbi despre
think about - a (se) gandi la
trust in - a avea incredere in
work for - a lucra pentru
worry about - a fi ingrijorat de, a-si face griji pentru

- Combinatia dintre verbe si prepozitii se numeste verb frazal.

in the street (Engl. americ. - on the stret) - pe strada
in the playground - pe terenul de sport
in the sky - pe cer
in the sun - la soare
in the open air - la aer curat
on the way to - n drum spre
on the 1st floor - la etajul 1
round the corner - dupa colt
at present - n prezent
at last - n sfrsit
in a year`s time - peste un an
beyond control - independent de vointa ...
in all probability - dupa toate probabilitatile
by my watch - dupa ceasul meu
by heart - pe de rost, pe dinafara
to go on a trip / on holiday - a merge n calatorie / n vacanta
to go (out) for a walk - a merge la plimare
lo look out of the window - a privi pe fereastra
to get in through the window - a intra pe fereastr
he`s the tallest in the class - e cel mai nalt din clas
outside the garden - n fata gradinii

7. Prepozitii inutile
The book fell off of the desk. - Cartea a cazut de pe birou.
He threw the book out of the window. - El a aruncat cartea pe fereastr.
Conditi onal 1
Conditionalul de tip 1 exprima o conditie reala i posibila.
In acest tip, in propozitia secundara predicatul sta la present, iar in cea principala avem will + infinitiv
 scurt.
Exemple:
I will go to the seaside if the weather is fine. - Voi merge la mare daca vremea va fi buna.
If I leave now, I will get home at 8 o'clock. - Daca plec acum, voi ajunge acasa la ora 8.
I will stay at home if it rains. - Voi sta acasa daca va ploua.
In loc de "will" putem avea alte verbe modale, precum can, may, etc.
If you want to, you can borrow my book. - Daca vrei, poti sa imprumuti cartea mea.
If it is cloudy, it may rain. - Daca este innourat, e posibil sa ploua.
IF poate fi inlocuit de provided (that), providing, supposing, suppose, in case.
What shall we do, if he is late? - Ce vom face daca el intarzie?
What shall we do, supposing he is late? - Ce vom face presupunand ca el intarzie?
In loc de Present Simple se poate folosi should + infinitiv, atunci cand actiunea din secundara
(conditionala) este posibila, dar improbabila. Acest tip de secundara este adesea combinat cu imperativul.
In acest caz, "should" se traduce cu: in caz ca, daca s-ar intampla ca.
If she ring up, tell her I am out. - Daca telefoneaza, spune-i ca nu sunt acasa.
If she should ring up, tell her I am out. - In caz ca telefoneaza, spune-i ca nu sunt acasa.

Conditi onal 2
Conditionalul de tip 2 exprima o conditie putin probabila si se refera la o situatie ipotetica.
In propozitia secundara predicatul sta la timpul trecut simplu, iar in cea principala avem
constructia would + infinitiv.
Exemple:
I would go to the seaside if the weather were fine. - As merge la mare daca vremea ar fi buna.
If he came home, his mother would be very happy. - Daca ar veni acasa, mama lui ar fi foarte fericita.
I would stay at home if it rained. - As sta acasa daca ar ploua.
Desi forma de trecut simplu a verbului "to be" (a fi) pentru persoana I si persoana a III-a singular este
"was", in cazul conditionalei se foloseste forma "were" la toate persoanele.
If I were you, I would be more peaceful. - Daca as fi in locul tau, as fi mai linistit.
He would buy this house if he were rich. - El ar cumpara casa aceasta daca ar fi bogat.
In loc de "would", putem avea alte verbe modale, precum "might" sau "could".
If you worked with more gain, you could buy that car. - Daca ai munci cu mai mult castig, ai putea cumpara acea
masina.
He might get in trouble, if he did not pay attention. - Ar putea avea probleme, daca nu ar fi atent.

Conditi onal 3
Conditionalul de tip 3 exprima o actiune din trecut (care nu s-a intamplat) ce ar fi putut fi posibila,
daca s-ar fi indeplinit o anumita conditie.
In propozitia secundara predicatul sta la timpul past perfect, iar in cea principala avem
constructia would + have + participiul (a treia forma a verbului).
Exemple:
I would have gone to the seaside if the weather had been fine. - As fi mers la mare daca vremea ar fi fost buna.
If he had known the truth, he would have done things differently. - Daca ar fi stiut adevarul, ar fi procedat altfel.
I would have stayed at home if it had rained. - As fi stat acasa daca ar fi plouat.
In loc de "would", putem avea alte verbe modale, precum "might" sau "could", astfel avem
constructiile: might + have + participiu sau could + have + participiu.
If he had gone to the garden, he might have met Mary. - Daca s-ar fi dus in gradina, poate ar fi intalnit-o pe Mary.
If he had graduated high school, he could have gone to college. - Daca ar fi absolvit liceul, el ar fi putut merge la
colegiu.

Alte parti cularitati ale conditi onalelor IF

In afara de cele trei tipuri de conditional in engleza, mai putem intalni conditionala 0 (prezent + prezent)
si conditionale mixte (o combinatie intre conditionala de tip 2 si 3).
If the temperature is below 0 degrees, the water freezes. - Daca temperatura scade sub 0 grade, apa ingheata. (lucru
cert)
If she had taken my advice, today she would be happily married. - Daca m-ar fi urmat sfatul, astazi ar avea o casnicie
fericita.
If he were not so amiable, she wouldnt have been friends with him. - Daca el nu ar fi asa de amiabil, ea nu s-ar fi
imprietenit cu el.
"if not" poate fi inlocuit cu "unless".
I wont go shopping unless you come with me. (I wont go shopping if you dont come with me.) - Nu merg la
cumparaturi daca nu vii cu mine.
I wouldnt have come unless you had invited me. (I wouldnt have come if you not had invited me.) - Nu as fi venit
daca nu mai fi invitat.
Propozitia circumstantiala conditionala poate fi inlocuita de un complement circumstantial conditional,
ce poate fi introdus de "but for".
But for her help, he would have been in other country. (If it had not been for her help, he would have been in other
country.). - Daca nu l-ar fi ajutat ea, el ar fi fost in alta tara.
De obicei, in propozitia principala care este regent unei conditionale intalnim verbul modal "will" la
diverse timpuri (will / would / would have), acesta poate fi inlocuit de alte verbe modale. Aceste verbe
modale aduc nuante diferite fata de "will".
- "Will" arata gradul de posibilitate cel mai ridicat dintre verbele modale.
If her brother is good, she will be very happy. - Daca fratele ei e bun ea va fi foarte fericita. (un fapt aproape sigur)
- "May / might" arata tot posibilitate, dar la un grad mai scazut decat will.
If it were cloudy, it might rain. - Daca ar fi innorat, s-ar putea sa ploua. (dar nu este foarte sigur ca va ploua)
- "Can / could" arata abilitatea.
If he had been there, he could have helped them. - Daca ar fi fost acolo, i-ar fi putut ajuta. (dar nu stim sigur daca ar fi
vrut, stim doar ca ar fi avut abilitatea de a-i ajuta)
Pe langa exprimarea unei conditii, conditionala se poate referi si la o promisiune sau o avertizare, in
special in cazul conditionalei de tip 1.
If you behave yourself, I will buy you a toy. - Daca te porti frumos, iti voi cumpara o jucarie.
If you dont work hard, you will get fired. - Daca nu muncesti din greu, vei fi concediat.
TO BREAK of - a se intrerupe brusc din discutie
TO BREAK away with - a se dezobisnui
TO BREAK into - a intra prin efractie
TO COME across - a se intalni accidental
TO COME out - a iesi, a deveni cunoscut
TO GET away - a se da la o parte, a pleca, (Mars!)
TO GET down to - a da jos, a se apuca
TO GET in - a intra
TO GET out - a iesi, (Dispari!, Mars!)
TO GET through - a trece prin ceva, a face legatura telefonica
TO GET up - a se pregati, a se ridica
TO GIVE in - a ceda
TO GIVE of - a emite un miros neplacut
TO GIVE out - a fi epuizat (despre carti)
TO GIVE away - a trada
TO GIVE way - a ceda (despre lucruri/obiecte)

TO LOOK after - a avea grija de cineva

TO LOOK out - a (te) feri
TO LOOK in to - a examina
TO LOOK up - a cauta pe cineva / a cauta in dictionar
TO LOOK away - a intoarce privirea
TO LOOK forward to - a astepta cu nerabdare (!cere verb + ing)
TO LOOK on to - a avea vedere spre (ex: mare)
TO LOOK up to - a privi in sus, a admira
TO LOOK down on - a dispretui
TO LOOK out of - a se uita pe geam
TO LOOK over - a se uita superficial
TO MAKE for - a se indrepta spre ceva (un loc)
TO MAKE out - a intelege, a discerne
TO MAKE up - a alcatui, a nascoci, a prepara
TO PUT of - a amana
TO PUT down - a scrie / a inabusi o revolta
TO PUT away - a economisi bani
TO PUT up - a caza pe cineva
TO PUT up with - a suporta pe cineva
TO PUT under - a ascunde
TO PUT on - a se ingrasa / a se imbraca
TO PUT out - a stinge lumina / a stinge focul
TO RUN down - a critica
TO RUN into - a se intalni accidental
TO RUN out of - a ramane fara
TO RUN over - a calca cu masina
TO STAND out - a iesi in evidenta
TO STAND up - a se ridica
TO STAND up with - a rezista, a suporta
TO STAND in - a se intelege
TO STAND of - a sta deoparte
TO STAND by - a fi de fata
TO STAND down - a sta jos
TO STAND against - a fi impotriva, a opune rezistenta
TO STAND for - a fi pentru
TO TAKE down - a scrie / a dobori
TO TAKE to - a simpatiza / a se apuca de ceva
TO TAKE up - a imbratisa o cariera
TO TAKE in - a pacali pe cineva
TO TAKE aback - a fi luat prin surprindere
TO TAKE over - a prelua
TO TAKE on - a ocupa un loc in spatiu
TO TAKE of - a se dezbraca / a decola
TO TAKE down on - a invinovati
TO TAKE after - a semana (cu cineva)
TO ASK for - a cere ceva
TO BE short of - a ramane fara
TO BE ran down - a fi terminat
TO BELONG to - a apartine [cuiva]
TO BRING back - a evoca
TO BRING about - a se intampla
TO BRING up - a aduce, a educa
TO CALL of - a anula
TO CALL forth - a evoca
TO CARE for - a avea grija de
TO DO without - a se lipsi de ceva
TO DROP of - a atipi
TO FALL out - a se desprinde
TO FALL out with - a anula
TO GO of - a exploda
TO GROW up - a creste
TO LET of - a ierta
TO REFRAIN from - a se abtine (de la ceva)
TO SEE (somebody) of - a conduce (pe cineva)
TO SEE through - a examina, a analiza
TO SORT out - a rezolva
Vocabulary
sore throat
durere de gat
wheelchair
scaunul cu rotile
ointment
alifie
crutch
carja
wounds
ranile
coup
lovitura
bathub
cada de baie
drainpipe
canalizarea (scurgerea pentru apa)
polenta
mamaliga
swan
lebada
humming birdsparrow
pasarea colibri
sparrow
vrabie
swallow
randunica
bush
tufis
strain
tulpina
plum
pruna
shelf
etajera, raf
dummies
suzeta
chimney
horn, cosul casei
kidney
rinichi
bladder
vezica

Atentie!: viitorul din limba romana se traduce cu Present Tense in limba engleza
dupa: after, before, when, as soon as, while etcdaca exprima o actiune viitoare:

Someday when I am big and strong. Candva, cand voi fi mare si puternic
 VERBS PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE
to bear = a purta bore Borne, born
to beat = a bate beat beaten
to bend = a indoi bent Bent
to bind = a lega bound Bound
to bite = a musca bit Bitten
to bleed = a sangera bled Blen
to breed = a creste (educa) bred Bred
to burst = a izbucni, a exploda burst Burst
to catch = a prinde caught caught
to creep = a se tara, a se furisa crept Crept
to deal = a imparti, a distribui dealt Dealt
to dig = a sapa dug Dug
to dive = a (se) scufunda, a sari in apa dived /dove Dived
to draw = a trage, a desena drew Drawn
to drink = a bea drank Drunk
to fall = a cadea fell Fallen
to feed = a hrani fed Fed
to find = a gasi found Found
to forbid = a interzice forbade forbidden
to forget = a uita forgot forgotten
to forgive = a ierta forgave forgiven
to freeze = a ingheta froze Frozen
to get = a obtine got got, gotten
to hang = a atarna hung Hung
to have = a avea had Had
to hide = a ascunde hid hidden
to hold = a tine held Held
to kneel = a ingenunchea knelt Knelt
to lead = a conduce led Led
to lean = a (se) sprijini leant Leant
to leap = a sari leapt Leapt
to lend = a da ccu imprumut lent Lent
to lie = a se intinde lay Lain
to light = a aprinde lit, lighted lit, lighted
to lose = a pierde lost Lost
to mow = a cosi, a secera mowed Mown
to pay = a plati paid Paid
to run = a alerga ran Run
to seek = a cauta sought Sought
to set = a apune, a pune set Set
to sew = a coase sewed Sewn
to shake = a scutura shook Shaken
to shine = a straluci shone Shone
to shoot = a impusca shot Shot
to show = a arata showed Shown
to shrink = a se micsora shrank Shrunk
to shut = a (se) inchide shut Shut
to sink = a (se) scufunda sank Sunk
to sit = a sedea, a sta jos sat Sat
to slide = a aluneca slid Slid
to sow = a semana, a insamanta sowed Sown
to speak = a vorbi spoke Spoken
to spell = a silabisi; a vraji spelt Spelt
to spend = a petrece spent Spent
to spill = a varsa spilt Split
to spin = a roti, a rasuci spun Spun
to spread = a raspandi spread Spread
to stand = a sta in picioare stood stood
to steal = a fura stole stolen
to stick = a (se) lipi stuck stuck
to sting = a intepa stung stung
to stink stank stank
to stride = a pasi cu pasi mari strode stridden
to strike = a lovi struck struck
to strive = a nazui, a se sforta strove striven
to swear = a jura, a injura swore sworn
to sweep = a matura swept swept
to swim swam swum
to teach = a invata pe cineva taught taught
to tear = a rupe tore torn
to throw = a arunca threw thrown
to understand = a intelege understood understood
to wear = a purta wore worn
to weave = a tese wove woven
to weep = a plange wept wept
to wind = a (se) rasuci wound wound