4455 1-2008

AS/NZS 4455.
1:2008
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
Australian/New Zealand Standard
Masonry units, pavers, flags and

segmental retaining wall units
Part 1: Masonry units

Accessed by MONASH UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 15 Sep 2017 (Document currency not guaranteed when printed)
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical
Committee BD-026, Masonry Units, Pavers, Flags and Segmental Retaining Wall
Units. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 21 May
2008 and on behalf of the Council of Standards New Zealand on 18 June 2008.
This Standard was published on 30 June 2008.
The following are represented on Committee BD-026:
Association of Consulting Engineers Australia

Australian Institute of Building Surveyors
CSIRO, Manufacturing and Materials Technology
Clay Brick and Paver Institute
Concrete Masonry Association of Australia
Engineering and Consultation Laboratories Association
Engineers Australia
Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia
National Association of Testing Authorities Australia
New Zealand Concrete Masonry Association
Stone Institute of Australasia
University of Newcastle
Keeping Standards up-to-date

Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and
systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and
new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued.
Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves
they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which
may have been published since the Standard was purchased.
Detailed information about joint Australian/New Zealand Standards can be found by
visiting the Standards Web Shop at www.standards.com.au or Standards New
Zealand web site at www.standards.co.nz and looking up the relevant Standard in
the on-line catalogue.
Alternatively, both organizations publish an annual printed Catalogue with full
details of all current Standards. For more frequent listings or notification of
revisions, amendments and withdrawals, Standards Australia and Standards New
Zealand offer a number of update options. For information about these services,
users should contact their respective national Standards organization.
We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especially
encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or
ambiguities. Please address your comments to the Chief Executive of either
Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand at the address shown on the back
cover.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 04313.

AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
Masonry units, pavers, flags and

segmental retaining wall units

Originated in Australia as AS A211934.

Final Australian edition AS 16531985.
Originated in New Zealand as NZSS 3661943.
Final New Zealand edition NZS 3116.1:1991.
Jointly revised, amalgamated and redesignated AS/NZS 4455:1997.
AS/NZS 4455:1997 revised and designated, in part, AS/NZS 4455.1:2008.
COPYRIGHT
Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Jointly published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001 and Standards
New Zealand, Private Bag 2439, Wellington 6020
ISBN 0 7337 8801 7

AS/NZS 4455.1:2008 2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand
Committee BD-026, Masonry Units, Pavers, Flags and Segmental Retaining Wall Units, to
supersede, in part, AS/NZS 4455:1997, Masonry units and segmental pavers.
The objective of this Standard is to provide users and specifiers with a specification for all
masonry units, except unfired earth units, to facilitate design and purchasing.
This Standard addresses
(a) the essential properties common to all units covered by the scope of the Standard;
(b) more stringent requirements that might need to be complied with, such as strength,
precision, colour and texture, that would best be specified by the prospective
purchaser as needed; and
(c) test methods consistent with Items (a) and (b).
This Standard is intended to provide the minimum requirements for masonry units covered
by the scope. More stringent requirements may be imposed as contractual requirements.
Statements expressed in mandatory terms in notes to tables and figures are deemed to be
requirements of this Standard.
The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral part
of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and guidance.
3 AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 APPLICATION ........................................................................................................... 4
1.3 NORMATIVE REFERENCES .................................................................................... 5
1.4 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 5
1.5 NOTATION ................................................................................................................ 7
SECTION 2 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

2.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 11
2.2 DIMENSIONAL DEVIATIONS FROM WORK SIZE ............................................. 11
2.3 UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ........................................................ 12
2.4 INTEGRITY.............................................................................................................. 12
2.5 DURABILITY........................................................................................................... 13
APPENDICES
A DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLIANCE FOR STRENGTH ................................... 15
B MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD ..... 16
C DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERISTIC VALUE ............................................ 18

D PURCHASING GUIDELINES.................................................................................. 20
E TESTING FOR ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES......................................................... 21
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................... 22
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008 4
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Masonry units, pavers, flags and segmental retaining wall units
SECT ION 1 SCOPE AND GENERA L
1.1 SCOPE
This Standard specifies requirements for masonry units for walling built in accordance with
AS 3700 and NZS 4230.
The masonry units covered by this Standard include those made of the following materials:
(a) Autoclaved aerated concrete.
(b) Calcium silicate (sand-lime).
(c) Concrete (dense or lightweight).
(d) Dimension stone (cut or dressed).

(e) Fired clay (with or without shale).
Dimension stone has a wide variety of characteristics. These are not fully covered by the
requirements of this Standard.
Tiles, or similar, that are intended to be rigidly fixed or suspended are not within the scope
of this Standard.
This Standard does not specify requirements for masonry units other than requirements for
the verification of their nominated characteristic values.
NOTES:
1 Guidance on means for demonstrating compliance with this Standard is given in Appendix B.
2 Guidance on the determination of characteristic value is given in Appendix C.
3 Guidance on the content of a purchasing agreement is given in Appendix D.
4 Guidance on optional testing is given in Appendix E.
5 Some non-rectilinear shapes for walling units are not illustrated in this Standard; however,
this Standard may be used, but not all test methods mentioned may be applicable to such
shapes.
1.2 APPLICATION
Testing to Section 2, which references AS/NZS 4456.3, AS/NZS 4456.4 and
AS/NZS 4456.10 is required for compliance with the Standard.
COPYRIGHT
5 AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
1.3 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

The following documents are indispensable to the application of this Standard:
NOTE: Documents referenced for informative purposes are listed in the Bibliography.
AS
3700 Masonry structures
3942 Quality controlVariables chartsGuide
AS/NZS
4456 Masonry units, segmental pavers and flagsMethods of test
4456.2 Method 2: Assessment of mean and standard deviation
4456.3 Method 3: Determining dimensions
4456.4 Method 4: Determining compressive strength of masonry units
4456.6 Method 6: Determining potential to effloresce
4456.10 Method 10: Determining resistance to salt attack
4456.11 Method 11: Determining coefficients of expansion
4456.12 Method 12: Determining coefficients of contraction
4456.13 Method 13: Determining pitting due to lime particles
NZS
4210 Masonry construction: Materials and workmanship
4230 Design of reinforced concrete masonry structures
1.4 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply.
1.4.1 Block
See masonry unit.
1.4.2 Brick
See masonry unit.
1.4.3 Characteristic value
The value that is exceeded by at least 95% of the units in the lot.
1.4.4 Compressive strength
See unconfined compressive strength.
1.4.5 Dimensional changes
1.4.5.1 Coefficient of residual curing contraction
The estimated long-term permanent contraction strain, in millimetres per metre, determined
in accordance with AS/NZS 4456.12.
1.4.5.2 Coefficient of drying contraction
The value of drying shrinkage strain, in millimetres per metre, determined in accordance
with AS/NZS 4456.12.
NOTE: The coefficient of drying contraction is a laboratory value determined for the purposes of
masonry design in accordance with AS 3700 and NZS 4230.1. It is not a direct measure of the
shrinkage of masonry construction.
1.4.5.3 Coefficient of expansion
The calculated 15 year growth strain (expressed as an e m value in millimetres per metre),
determined in accordance with AS/NZS 4456.11.
COPYRIGHT
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008 6
1.4.6 Dimensional deviation

The deviation from work size of units when determined in accordance with AS/NZS 4456.3.
1.4.7 Efflorescence
Salts left on the surface of units after evaporation of water. The surface deposits may take
the form of either loose crystalline salts, or amorphous films (non-crystalline salts). The
potential to effloresce is determined by AS/NZS 4456.6.
1.4.8 Face
The surface of a unit intended to be exposed in a wall (see Figure 1).
1.4.9 Face shells
Those parts of a hollow unit that are connected by webs and which are normally laid in the
plane of the wall (see Figure 1).
1.4.10 Face-shell width
The width of the face shell that is declared by the supplier and on which strength tests are
based.
1.4.11 Lot
A group of units of a single type with specific characteristics and dimensions, presented for
sampling at the same time.
1.4.12 Masonry unit

A preformed component, intended for use in masonry construction, either with or without
mortar joints. The term includes the following:
(a) Solid unit Unit that may contain recesses not greater than 10% of gross volume and
intended to be laid with full bed joints.
NOTE: Recesses in solid units are usually referred to as frogs (see Figure 1).
(b) Cored unit Unit with cores, intended to be laid with its cores vertical and with full
bed joints.
(c) Hollow unit Unit with cores, intended to be laid with its cores vertical and with face-
shell-bedded joints.
(d) Horizontally cored unit Unit with cores, intended to be laid with its cores horizontal
and with full bed joints.
(e) Special purpose unit Unit intended for a special purpose that does not fall within the
definitions of Items (a) to (d) above.
1.4.13 Mean
The average of a set of measurements, determined in accordance with AS/NZS 4456.2.
1.4.14 Pitted surface
Defect caused by the disruptive effect of a substance in the body of the unit. Pitting due to
lime is determined in accordance with AS/NZS 4456.13.
1.4.15 Salt attack resistance
Resistance to the attack by the action of soluble salts determined by the action of sodium
sulphate or sodium chloride in accordance with AS/NZS 4456.10.
1.4.16 Shall
Indicates that a statement is mandatory.
COPYRIGHT
7 AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
1.4.17 Should
Indicates a recommendation.
1.4.18 Standard deviation
The unbiased standard deviation, determined in accordance with AS/NZS 4456.2.
1.4.19 Unconfined compressive strength
The failure stress in compression, converted by the application of an aspect ratio factor to
account for platen restraint, determined in accordance with AS/NZS 4456.4.
1.4.20 Web
Any lateral connector joining face shells in a hollow masonry unit (see Figure 1).
NOTE: Lateral connectors flush with the ends of a masonry unit are regarded as webs for testing
purposes and not as face shells.
1.4.21 Work size
The size of a unit specified for its manufacture, from which deviations are measured.
1.5 NOTATION
The following notation is used in this Standard:
n = number of specimens in the test sample
s = unbiased standard deviation determined in accordance with AS/NZS 4456.2

f uc = characteristic unconfined compressive strength
W c = width of sections supported at one end only
W s = width of sections supported at both ends
W h = edge distance of core holes
lc = length of sections supported at one end only
ls = length of sections supported at both ends
d = diameter of core holes
COPYRIGHT
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
8
COPYRIGHT
FIGURE 1 (in part) CONFIGURATION OF AND TERMS APPLIED TO MASONRY UNITS
COPYRIGHT
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
10
COPYRIGHT
11 AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
SEC T I O N 2 P R O D U CT RE Q U IRE M E N T S
2.1 GENERAL
Dimensional deviation, unconfined compressive strength, integrity and durability of
masonry units shall comply with the requirements of this Section.
Compliance with the requirements for strength shall be determined in accordance with
Appendix A.
NOTE: Additional means of demonstrating compliance with this Section are given in
Appendix B.
The suppliers of masonry units shall make available the
(a) work sizes, including face-shell width (for hollow units); and
(b) characteristic unconfined compressive strength ( f uc ) .
2.2 DIMENSIONAL DEVIATIONS FROM WORK SIZE

2.2.1 Performance requirement
Masonry units shall be manufactured to tolerances that enable the units to be laid in mortar
in the wall to give a functional and aesthetically acceptable surface.
2.2.2 Methods
AS/NZS 4456.3 sets out the two following methods for measuring the dimensions of
masonry units:
(a) Determination of cumulative dimensions.
(b) Determination of dimension of individual units.
The manufacturer shall select the method appropriate to the manufacturing process and the
operating quality assurance program.
2.2.3 Deemed to satisfy
Measurement of dimensional deviations shall be carried out in accordance with
AS/NZS 4456.3 and declared by the supplier. Categorization of dimensional deviations of
masonry units shall be in accordance with Table 2.1.
Additionally, the following requirements apply:
(a) All masonry units, excluding those listed in Items (b) and (c) below, shall comply
with category DW1 unless otherwise specified by the supplier, or agreed between the
supplier and purchaser.
(b) Units intended for dry stack construction or those with thin bed joints shall have
tighter tolerance in accordance with DW3.
(c) Where the intended character of the masonry product is an overall irregular or rough
surface, the units shall comply with category DW0. Where it is intended that only the
face or faces of a unit are irregular, units shall comply with DW1, except that
dimensional deviations shall not apply to the width of the unit if the average width is
not less than 90% of the work size, determined for any plane parallel to its bed.
NOTE: Typical overall irregular units are dry or wet tumbled and sandstock type. Typical
rough-face units are split face, profiled, textured and rock-face.
COPYRIGHT
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008 12
TABLE 2.1
DIMENSIONAL DEVIATIONS OF MASONRY UNITS
Work size dimensions, mm
Category
Under 150 150 to 250 Over 250
DW0 No requirement
DW1 (see Note 1) 50 90 100
DW2 (see Note 1) 40 60 70
DW3 Values declared by the supplier or by agreement between
the supplier and purchaser
DW4 (see Note 2) Standard deviation of not more than 2 mm and a difference
between the mean and the work size of not more than 3 mm
NOTES:
1 For DW1 and DW2 refer to the AS/NZS 4456.3 test method for
determination of cumulative dimensions. The values given are measured
over 20 units.
2 For DW4 refer to the AS/NZS 4456.3 test method for determination of
measurements for individual units.
2.2.4 Dimensional consistency between deliveries

For dimensional categories DW1 and DW2, the overall dimensions of 20 units taken from
separate deliveries of units of the one type and the subject of a single order shall not differ
by more than 40 mm.
2.3 UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

Masonry units shall have sufficient unconfined compressive strength to resist applied loads
without rupture or breakage in the completed structure.
2.3.2 Method
The characteristic unconfined compressive strength ( f uc ) of masonry units shall be
determined in accordance with AS/NZS 4456.4 and declared by the supplier.
NOTE: Means for determining the strength required to resist the applied loads are set out in
AS 3700, NZS 4210 and NZS 4230.
2.4 INTEGRITY
Masonry units shall have sufficient integrity so that they
(a) can be handled, transported to the site and laid; and
(b) are capable of performing their required function in the finished structure.
NOTE: Integrity does not include aesthetic characteristics.
2.4.2 Deemed to satisfy
2.4.2.1 Solid or cored masonry units
For solid or cored masonry units, the requirement for integrity is deemed to be satisfied if
the characteristic unconfined compressive strength is at least 3 MPa for solid or vertically
cored units and 2.5 MPa for horizontally cored units.
COPYRIGHT
13 AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
2.4.2.2 Hollow masonry units

For hollow masonry units, the requirement for integrity is deemed to be satisfied if the
average measurements of each part of five random-sampled units (measured at the same
positions on each unit) are not less than the values given in Table 2.2 and the unconfined
characteristic compressive strength is not less than 5 MPa.
TABLE 2.2
MINIMUM AVERAGE WIDTH OF SECTION OF HOLLOW UNITS
Minimum average width of section (W)
Identification of section Characteristic unconfined Characteristic unconfined

compressive strength under compressive strength ( fuc
)
( fuc ) 10 MPa 10 MPa or over
Width of sections supported at 0.3lc 0.2lc
one end only (W c)
Width of sections supported at 0.15l s 0.1l s
both ends (W s)
Edge distance of core holes (Wh ) 0.3d 0.2d
NOTE: Symbols used in the above Table are defined in Clause 1.5 and illustrated in Figure 2.1.
FIGURE 2.1 PROPORTIONS OF UNITS
2.5 DURABILITY
Masonry units shall have sufficient durability to perform their required function in the
finished structure without deteriorating under the action of the environmental conditions of
intended use.
NOTES:
1 Minimum requirements for salt attack resistance grade in various exposure environment are
set out in AS 3700 and NZS 4210.
2 In locations where resistance to freeze-thaw or to chemical attack is required, additional
specifications may be needed.
COPYRIGHT
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008 14
2.5.2 Method
Units shall be categorized as
(a) exposure grade;
(b) general purpose grade; or
(c) protected grade,
in accordance with Table 2.3 and declared by the supplier.
Where the salt attack resistance of masonry units is to be determined by test, it shall be
determined in accordance with AS/NZS 4456.10.
TABLE 2.3
SALT ATTACK RESISTANCE GRADE
Salt attack resistance
Requirement/Description
grade
Exposure (a) Suppliers experience, according to which it is possible to demonstrate
that the product has a history of surviving under saline environmental
conditions similar to those existing at the site considered
or
(b) <0.4 g mass loss in 40 cycles in AS/NZS 4456.10, Method B, for materials
other than sandstone or porous limestone
or
(c) <1% mass loss in 15 cycles in AS/NZS 4456.10, Method A, for sandstone
or porous limestone
General purpose (a) Suppliers experience, according to which it is possible to demonstrate
that the product has a history of surviving under non-saline environmental
conditions similar to those existing at the site considered
or
(b) <0.4 g mass loss in 15 cycles in AS/NZS 4456.10, Method B, for materials
other than sandstone or porous limestone
or
(c) 1% mass loss in 15 cycles in AS/NZS 4456.10, Method A, for sandstone
or porous limestone
Protected Units not complying with the requirements for general purpose of exposure
grades (see Note)
NOTE: Units in protected grade could be expected to suffer substantial and early failure when tested in
accordance with AS/NZS 4456.10.
COPYRIGHT
15 AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
APPENDIX A
DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLIANCE FOR STRENGTH
(Normative)
A1 GENERAL
Acceptable methods for demonstrating compliance with the strength requirements of this
Standard shall be in accordance with Paragraphs A2 and A3.
NOTE: Appendix B gives guidance on additional means for demonstrating compliance with the
Standard.
Where a sample, taken from a lot, fails to conform to the specified requirements, that lot
may be sorted, resampled at random and retested.
Where a lot does not meet a required performance level, that lot may be reclassified.
A2 DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLIANCE FOR A SINGLE LOT

Where compliance with a specified characteristic value is required for a single lot, the lot is
deemed to be in compliance if the mean value of a sample, drawn at random from the lot
and calculated in accordance with AS 4456.2, is greater than the specified characteristic
value +1.2 s.
The unbiased standard deviation (s) shall be

(a) based on a history of test results from more than 30 specimens; or
(b) taken as 0.15 times the sample mean.
A3 DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLIANCE FOR LOTS TAKEN DURING

CONTINUOUS MANUFACTURE
Where compliance with a specified characteristic value is required for lots taken during
manufacture and provided the manufacturing process has been controlled in accordance
with the appropriate requirements of AS 3942 with continuous sampling and testing during
manufacture, an individual lot is deemed to be in compliance, provided the mean of the
sample drawn from that lot does not fall below the control level. The control level shall be
set at a value greater than the following:
2s
Specified characteristic value + 1.65 s
n
The unbiased standard deviation (s) shall be determined from the 30 most recent specimens
tested. Each sample shall consist of specimens drawn at regular intervals during production
or randomly sampled from the lot. The number of specimens in each sample (n) shall be
sufficient to reliably represent the lot from which they are drawn. Samples shall consist of
at least 5 specimens.
COPYRIGHT
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008 16
APPENDIX B
MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD
(Informative)
B1 SCOPE
This Appendix sets out the following different means by which compliance with this
Standard can be demonstrated by the manufacturer or supplier:
(a) Evaluation by means of statistical sampling.
(b) The use of a product certification scheme.
(c) Assurance using the acceptability of the suppliers quality system.
(d) Other such means proposed by the manufacturer or supplier and acceptable to the
customer.
B2 STATISTICAL SAMPLING
Statistical sampling is a procedure which enables decisions to be made about the quality of
batches of items after inspecting or testing only a portion of those items. This procedure
will only be valid if the sampling plan has been determined on a statistical basis and the
following requirements are met:

(a) The sample needs to be drawn randomly from a population of product of known
history. The history needs to enable verification that the product was made from
known materials at essentially the same time, by essentially the same processes and
under essentially the same system of control.
(b) For each different situation, a suitable sampling plan needs to be defined. A sampling
plan for one manufacturer of given capability and product throughput may not be
relevant to another manufacturer producing the same items.
In order for statistical sampling to be meaningful to the customer, the manufacturer or
supplier needs to demonstrate how the above conditions have been satisfied. Sampling and
the establishment of a sampling plan should be carried out in accordance with AS 1199.1,
guidance to which is given in AS 1199.0.
B3 PRODUCT CERTIFICATION
The purpose of product certification is to provide independent assurance of the claim by the
manufacturer that products comply with the stated Standard.
The certification scheme should meet the criteria described in HB 18.28 (SANZ HB18.28)
in that, as well as full type testing from independently sampled production and subsequent
verification of conformance, it requires the manufacturer to maintain effective quality
planning to control production.
The certification scheme serves to indicate that the products consistently conform to the
requirements of the Standard.
COPYRIGHT
17 AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
B4 SUPPLIERS QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Where the manufacturer or supplier can demonstrate an audited and registered quality
management system complying with the requirements of the appropriate or stipulated
Australian or international Standard for a suppliers quality management system or systems,
this may provide the necessary confidence that the specified requirements will be met. The
quality assurance requirements need to be agreed between the customer and supplier and
should include a quality or inspection and test plan to ensure product conformity.
Information on establishing a quality management system is set out in AS/NZS ISO 9001
and AS/NZS ISO 9004.
B5 OTHER MEANS OF ASSESSMENT

If the above methods are considered inappropriate, determination of compliance with the
requirements of this Standard may be assessed from the results of testing coupled with the
manufacturers guarantee of product conformance.
Irrespective of acceptable quality levels (AQLs) or test frequencies, the responsibility
remains with the manufacturer or supplier to supply products that conform to the full
requirements of the Standard.
COPYRIGHT
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008 18
APPENDIX C
DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERISTIC VALUE
(Informative)
C1 SCOPE
This Appendix sets out the method for evaluating the characteristic value (when required)
of a group of test results.
C2 EVALUATION OF CHARACTERISTIC VALUE

The characteristic value for the property being evaluated is calculated as follows:
(a) If n < 10, f = k k f spl . . . C2(1)
(b) If n 10, f = k k f ksp . . . C2(2)
where
n = number of test results in the set used to evaluate f
f = characteristic value for the type of masonry represented by the set of
specimens
kk = a characteristic value factor derived from Table C1, in which the

coefficient of variation (V) is determined in accordance with
Paragraph C3
fspl = least of the individual results in the set
f ksp = (lower) 5 percentile value for the set of test results, measured or
assessed from a relative cumulative frequency distribution of that test
data
The lower 5 percentile value for a given set of test results is found as follows:
Rank the test results fsp(1)f sp(i)fsp(n)
n + 10
then f ksp = f sp . . . C2(3)
20
For example, if n = 25, then fksp = f sp(1.75), which is obtained by interpolating between
fsp(1) and fsp(2).
C3 COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION
For the purpose of calculating the characteristic value factor (k k) the value of the coefficient
of variation (V) is assessed as follows:
(a) Where n < 30:
V = a value estimated for that particular type of masonry unit or obtained from a
sufficiently large supplementary body of data (containing not less than
30 relevant test results) that is representative of that type of masonry unit.
Unless otherwise substantiated by analysis of actual test data, the value
estimated for V should not be less than the following:
(i) For compressive strength ......................................................................... 0.15.
(ii) For lateral modulus of rupture .................................................................. 0.30.
COPYRIGHT
19 AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
(b) Where n 30:

V = the coefficient of variation of the set of test results being evaluated
TABLE C1
CHARACTERISTIC STRENGTH FACTOR
Characteristic value factor (kk )
Number of
test results Coefficient of variation (V)
(n)
0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50
1 1.00 0.72 0.52 0.37 0.27 0.19
2 1.00 0.77 0.59 0.46 0.35 0.27
5 1.00 0.84 0.71 0.60 0.51 0.43
10 1.00 0.91 0.82 0.74 0.67 0.61
20 1.00 0.94 0.87 0.81 0.75 0.69
50 1.00 0.96 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.80
100 1.00 0.97 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.86
200 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90
500 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.94
1000 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
NOTES:
1 Linear interpolation may be used.

2 k k estimates the lower 5 percentile value of the population with a confidence of 0.75.
COPYRIGHT
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008 20
APPENDIX D
PURCHASING GUIDELINES
(Informative)
D1 SCOPE
This Appendix offers guidance for, but does not purport to fulfil all of the requirements of,
a purchasing agreement for masonry units. It gives recommendations on contractual matters
that are outside the scope of the Standard proper but are intended to ensure compliance with
it.
D2 ORDERING
In ordering units to this Standard, the purchaser should quote the work size or the relevant
manufacturers product identification, any other property requirements and the number of
this Australian/New Zealand Standard, i.e., AS/NZS 4455.1.
D3 IDENTIFICATION
The manufacturer should record the product identification on delivery dockets.
D4 VERIFICATION
D4.1 Quality records
Manufacturers of units complying with this Standard should carry out regular testing of
their product as part of their quality system. It is recommended that the purchaser, instead
of being put to the expense of sampling and testing individual deliveries of units, take
advantage of the manufacturers quality system.
The manufacturers should be prepared to
(a) supply, on request, relevant data on unit properties from quality records; or
(b) make such records available for inspection by an independent inspector, acceptable to
both the purchaser and manufacturer.
D4.2 Additional verification testing
Where additional verification is required by a purchaser, sampling and subsequent testing of
the lot in accordance with this Standard should be carried out by a laboratory experienced
in carrying out the appropriate test.
NOTE: Laboratories accredited by National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA),
Australia or IANZ, New Zealand are acceptable for this purpose.
The cost of units required for testing and the cost of sampling and testing should be borne
(a) by the purchaser, if the units conform to limits specified by the purchaser in his or her
order or when particular limits have not been specified; or
(b) by the supplier, if the units do not conform to limits specified in the contract.
If the sample taken from the lot fails to conform to the specified requirements, the lot may
be sorted, resampled at random and retested at the expense of the supplier.
In respect of Item (b), the lot would be liable to rejection.
COPYRIGHT
21 AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
APPENDIX E
TESTING FOR ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES
(Informative)
If the following properties are specified, they should be determined in accordance with the
methods set out:
(a) Determining potential to efflorescence ..............................................AS/NZS 4456.6.
(b) Determining core percentage and material thickness ..........................AS/NZS 4456.7.
(c) Determining moisture content, dry density and ambient density .........AS/NZS 4456.8.
(d) Determining coefficients of expansion ............................................ AS/NZS 4456.11.
(e) Determining coefficients of contraction........................................... AS/NZS 4456.12.
(f) Determining pitting due to lime particles......................................... AS/NZS 4456.13.
(g) Determining water absorption properties ......................................... AS/NZS 4456.14.
(h) Determining lateral modulus of rupture ........................................... AS/NZS 4456.15.
(i) Determining permeability to water .................................................. AS/NZS 4456.16.
(j) Determining initial rate of absorption (suction) ............................... AS/NZS 4456.17.
COPYRIGHT
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008 22
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AS
1199 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes
1199.0 Part 0: Introduction to the ISO 2859 attribute sampling system
1199.1 Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-
by-lot inspection
AS/NZS
4456 Masonry units, segmental pavers and flagsMethods of test
4456.7 Method 7: Determining core percentage and material thickness
Method 8: Determining moisture content, dry density and ambient density
4456.8
4456.14 Method 14: Determining water absorption properties
4456.15 Method 15: Determining lateral modulus of rupture
4456.16 Method 16: Determining permeability to water
4456.17 Method 17: Determining initial rate of absorption (suction)
ISO 9001 Quality management systemsRequirements
ISO 9004 Quality management systemsGuidelines for performance improvements
HB18 Conformity assessment
HB18.28 Guide 28: Guidance on a third-party certification system for products
COPYRIGHT
23
NOTES
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
AS/NZS 4455.1:2008
24
NOTES
Standards Australia
Standards Australia is an independent company, limited by guarantee, which prepares and publishes
most of the voluntary technical and commercial standards used in Australia. These standards are
developed through an open process of consultation and consensus, in which all interested parties are
invited to participate. Through a Memorandum of Understanding with the Commonwealth
government, Standards Australia is recognized as Australias peak national standards body.
Standards New Zealand

The first national Standards organization was created in New Zealand in 1932. The Standards
Council of New Zealand is the national authority responsible for the production of Standards.
Standards New Zealand is the trading arm of the Standards Council established under the Standards
Act 1988.
Australian/New Zealand Standards

Under a Memorandum of Understanding between Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand,
Australian/New Zealand Standards are prepared by committees of experts from industry,
governments, consumers and other sectors. The requirements or recommendations contained
in published Standards are a consensus of the views of representative interests and also take
account of comments received from other sources. They reflect the latest scientific and industry
experience. Australian/New Zealand Standards are kept under continuous review after publication
and are updated regularly to take account of changing technology.
International Involvement
Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand are responsible for ensuring that the Australian
and New Zealand viewpoints are considered in the formulation of international Standards and that
the latest international experience is incorporated in national and Joint Standards. This role is vital
in assisting local industry to compete in international markets. Both organizations are the national
members of ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International
Electrotechnical Commission).
Visit our web sites
www.standards.org.au www.standards.co.nz
www.standards.com.au
GPO Box 476 Sydney NSW 2001 Level 10 Radio New Zealand House
Phone (02) 9237 6000 155 The Terrace Wellington 6001
Fax (02) 9237 6010 (Private Bag 2439 Wellington 6020)
Email mail@standards.org.au Phone (04) 498 5990
Internet www.standards.org.au Fax (04) 498 5994
SAI Global Customer Service Customer Services (04) 498 5991
Phone 13 12 42 Information Service (04) 498 5992
Fax 1300 65 49 49 Email snz@standards.co.nz
Email sales@sai-global.com Internet www.standards.co.nz
ISBN 0 7337 8801 7 Printed in Australia

This page has been left intentionally blank.

4455 1-2008

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

4455 1-2008

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

AS/NZS 4455.

Australian/New Zealand Standard

Masonry units, pavers, flags and

Part 1: Masonry units

The following are represented on Committee BD-026:

Association of Consulting Engineers Australia

Keeping Standards up-to-date

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 04313.

Australian/New Zealand Standard

Masonry units, pavers, flags and

Part 1: Masonry units

Originated in Australia as AS A211934.

ISBN 0 7337 8801 7

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

SECTION 2 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

C DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERISTIC VALUE ............................................ 18

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Australian/New Zealand Standard

Part 1: Masonry units

SECT ION 1 SCOPE AND GENERA L

(d) Dimension stone (cut or dressed).

1.3 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

1.4.6 Dimensional deviation

1.4.12 Masonry unit

s = unbiased standard deviation determined in accordance with AS/NZS 4456.2

2.2 DIMENSIONAL DEVIATIONS FROM WORK SIZE

2.2.4 Dimensional consistency between deliveries

2.3 UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

2.4.2.2 Hollow masonry units

Identification of section Characteristic unconfined Characteristic unconfined

FIGURE 2.1 PROPORTIONS OF UNITS

A2 DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLIANCE FOR A SINGLE LOT

The unbiased standard deviation (s) shall be

A3 DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLIANCE FOR LOTS TAKEN DURING

following requirements are met:

B4 SUPPLIERS QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

B5 OTHER MEANS OF ASSESSMENT

C2 EVALUATION OF CHARACTERISTIC VALUE

(b) If n 10, f = k k f ksp . . . C2(2)

kk = a characteristic value factor derived from Table C1, in which the

(b) Where n 30:

1 Linear interpolation may be used.

(j) Determining initial rate of absorption (suction) ............................... AS/NZS 4456.17.

HB18.28 Guide 28: Guidance on a third-party certification system for products

Standards New Zealand

Australian/New Zealand Standards

Visit our web sites

ISBN 0 7337 8801 7 Printed in Australia

This page has been left intentionally blank.

S-ar putea să vă placă și