Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Identifying things
GET
STARTED
4
UNIT 2
UNDERSTANDING SIMPLE TEXTBOOK
A
topic
sentence
is
the
most
important
sentence
in
a
paragraph.
Sometimes
referred
to
as
a
focus
sentence,
the
topic
sentence
helps
organize
the
paragraph
by
summarizing
the
information
in
the
paragraph.
In
formal
writing,
the
topic
sentence
is
usually
the
first
sentence
in
a
paragraph
(although
it
doesn't
always
have
to
be).
A
topic
sentence
essentially
tells
what
the
rest
of
the
paragraph
is
about.
All
sentences
after
it
have
to
give
more
information
about
the
sentence,
prove
it
by
offering
facts
about
it,
or
describe
it.
For
example,
if
the
topic
sentence
concerns
the
types
of
endangered
species
that
live
in
the
ocean,
then
every
sentence
after
that
needs
to
expound
on
that
subject.
Topic
sentences
also
need
to
relate
back
to
the
thesis
of
the
essay.
The
thesis
statement
is
like
a
road
map
that
will
tell
the
reader
or
listener
where
you
are
going
with
this
information
or
how
you
are
treating
it.
Topic
Sentences
and
Controlling
Ideas
Every
topic
sentence
will
have
a
topic
and
a
controlling
idea.
The
controlling
idea
shows
the
direction
the
paragraph
will
take.
Here
are
some
examples:
Topic
Sentence:
There
are
many
reasons
why
pollution
in
ABC
Town
is
the
worst
in
the
world.
The
topic
is
pollution
in
ABC
Town
is
the
worst
in
the
world
and
the
controlling
idea
is
many
reasons.
Topic
Sentence:
To
be
an
effective
CEO
requires
certain
characteristics.
The
topic
is
To
be
an
effective
CEO
and
the
controlling
idea
is
certain
characteristics.
Topic
Sentence:
There
are
many
possible
contributing
factors
to
global
warming.
The
topic
is
"contributing
factors
to
global
warming"
and
the
controlling
factor
is
"many
reasons."
Topic
Sentence:
Fortune
hunters
encounter
many
difficulties
when
exploring
a
shipwreck.
The
topic
is
exploring
a
shipwreck
and
the
controlling
idea
is
many
difficulties.
Topic
Sentence:
Dogs
make
wonderful
pets
because
they
help
you
to
live
longer.
The
topic
is
"dogs
make
wonderful
pets"
and
the
controlling
idea
is
"because
they
help
you
to
live
longer."
Topic
Sentence:
Crime
in
poverty-stricken
areas
occurs
as
a
result
of
a
systemic
discrimination.
5
The
topic
is
"crime
in
poverty
stricken
areas"
and
the
controlling
idea
is
"systemic
discrimination."
Topic
Sentence:
Teen
pregnancy
may
be
prevented
by
improved
education.
The
topic
is
"teen
pregnancy
may
be
prevented"
and
the
controlling
idea
is
"improving
education."
Topic
Sentence:
Cooking
requires
a
number
of
different
skills.
The
topic
is
"cooking"
and
the
controlling
idea
is
"many
different
skills."
Topic
Sentence:
It
is
important
to
be
ready
before
buying
a
house.
The
topic
is
"before
buying
a
house"
and
the
controlling
idea
is
the
importance
of
being
ready.
Topic
Sentence:
Graduating
from
high
school
is
important
for
many
different
reasons.
The
topic
is
"graduating
from
high
school"
and
the
controlling
idea
is
"many
different
reasons."
Topic
Sentence:
Having
a
first
child
is
difficult
because
of
the
significant
adjustments
in
your
life.
The
topic
is
"having
a
first
child"
and
the
controlling
idea
is
"significant
adjustments
in
your
life."
Topic
Sentence:
Remodeling
a
kitchen
successfully
requires
research
and
a
good
eye.
The
topic
is
"remodeling
a
kitchen"
and
the
controlling
idea
is
"requires
research
and
a
good
eye."
6
Choose
the
best
topic
sentence
for
each
paragraph,
and
write
the
number
in
the
blank.
1.
Traveling
abroad
can
be
very
stressful
if
you
aren't
used
to
it.
2.
Many
people
enjoy
foreign
travel
and
go
away
every
chance
that
they
get.
3.
Although
many
people
find
traveling
to
foreign
countries
exciting,
people
like
me
should
never
leave
home.
____________________________
I
have
traveled
to
Mexico,
England,
Germany,
and
Japan.
I
must
admit
that
I
am
nervous
all
of
the
time
while
I
am
away.
I
cannot
relax
until
the
airplane
lands
in
Chicago,
where
I
live.
It's
not
that
I
don't
like
foreigners.
I
have
several
friends
from
other
countries.
And
it's
not
that
I
hate
foreign
food.
My
husband
and
I
often
eat
out
at
ethnic
restaurants
at
home.
However,
I
just
do
not
feel
comfortable
on
foreign
soil.
I
am
always
afraid
of
making
mistakes
and
offending
people.
Even
when
I
know
the
language,
as
I
did
in
England,
I
still
get
confused
with
the
money,
the
transportation
system,
and
all
the
different
ways
of
doing
things.
My
husband
is
a
great
traveler.
He
loves
every
minute
he
spends
out
of
the
country,
but
I'm
afraid
from
now
on
he'll
have
to
go
alone.
Prefixes Suffixes
.................... ....................
.................... ....................
.................... .....................
Prefixes
are
first
syllables
like
non-
and
re-
that
have
their
own
meaning.
Prefixes
combine
with
words
to
create
new
meanings.
8
Why
Learn
Prefixes?
Learn a few prefixes, and you open up the meaning of thousands of words.
9
24.
il,
im,
in,
ir
=
not
:
illogical,
impossible,
indistinct,
irrational
25. in(m) = in, movement to: input, inset, intake, implant, import
10
52.
un
=
not
:
uncertain,
unusual,
unscrew,
unplug,
unfriendly
11
18.
ing*
=
present
participle
:
running
Use these suffixes correctly, and you look and sound pretty smart.
12
UNIT 3
MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY
Describing
Specific
Material
13
14
D. Read this article and put these headings on the correct place!
15
16
Languae
Focus:
Passive
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
UNIT 4
MAKING AGREEMENT
24
v Do
you
think
?
Can
you
give
me
your
thoughts
on
?
v How
do
you
feel
about
?
Do
you
(dis)approve
of
?
v In
your
opinion,
?
Do
you
agree
with
the
opinion
that
?
v Please
tell
me
your
opinion
on
Do
you
have
any
views
on
?
v What
do
you
think
about
?
Do
you
share
the/my
view
that
?
v Whats
your
opinion
on
?
If
I
asked
your
opinion
about
,
?
If
I
said
,
?
v Do
you
(also)
think
that
?
Id
like
(to
hear)
your
views
on
v Do
you
believe
that
?
Im
sure
youd
agree
that
v Do
you
have
an
opinion
on
?
What
are
your
feelings
about
?
v Do
you
have
any
opinions
on/about
?
What
are
your
views
on
?
v In
your
experience,
?
v In
your
honest
opinion,
?
v Whats
your
view
on
?
v Would
you
agree
that
?
When
writing
you
may
have
to:
- give
your
opinion
of
issues
and
ideas.
- show
your
preference
for
one
concept
or
another
or
agree
or
disagree
with
a
statement.
- support
your
opinions
and
ideas
with
valid
arguments.
The
following
structures
and
sentence
patterns
can
be
used
to
express
your
opinion:
In
my
opinion,
A
is
the
best
choice
Its
my
opinion
that
B
is
an
excellent
idea.
I
think
that
X
should
be
used.
Personally,
I
think
/
feel
/
believe
that
X
should
not
be
Expressing
Preference
Expressing
your
preference
for
one
concept
over
another
is
a
way
of
giving
your
opinion,
so
the
sentence
patterns
for
showing
your
preferences
are
often
combines
with
the
patterns
used
to
express
your
opinion:
In
my
opinion,
A
is
much
better
choice
than
B.
Its
my
opinion
that
C
should
be
used
instead
of
Y.
Pay
special
attention
to
the
I
believe
that
X
is
preferable
to
Y.
examples
marked
with
an
asterisk
Personally,
I
feel
that
X
is
superior
to
Y.
(*).
Notice
that
the
verb
phrase
I
prefer
A
to
C.
would
rather
is
used
with
a
base
I
like
Y
more
than
B.
form
(would
rather
do).
The
verb
I
like
to
do
Y
more
than
to
do
Z.
phrases
would
prefer
and
would
I
like
doing
Y
more
than
doing
Z.
choose
take
an
infinitive
(would
I
would
rather
do
X
than
Z.*
rather
prefer
to
see;
would
rather
I
would
prefer
to
see
B
than
C.*
choose
to
have).
The
verb
enjoy
I
would
choose
to
have
X
rather
than
to
have
Y.*
takes
a
gerund
(enjoy
going).
I
generally
enjoy
going
to
Z
more
than
to
A.*
Agreement
and
Disagreement
Showing
agreement
and
disagreement
with
a
person
or
an
idea
is
also
a
way
of
expressing
an
opinion:
I
agree
with
the
statement
that
X
is
the
best
way
to
do
Y.
25
I
disagree
with
those
people
who
believe
that
B
is
the
best
option.
I
agree
that
people
should
generally
do
A
before
they
do
B.
Some
people
think
C
is
the
most
important
quality
in
Z,
but
I
dont
agree.
Notice
that
agree/
disagree
with
is
used
with
noun
phrases
(noun
or
pronoun),
while
agree/
disagree
that
is
used
with
clauses
(subject
and
verb).
You
may
also
need
to
support
your
ideas
with
reasons.
Here
are
some
sentence
patterns
for
giving
reasons:
I
agree
with
those
people
who
say
that
X
is
true
because
of
Y.
I
disagree
with
those
people
who
believe
that
B
is
the
best
option
because
A
is
true.
There
are
several
reasons
why
I
think
X
is
better
than
Y.
I
agree
with
the
opinion
of
people
who
believe
that
X
is
true.
There
are
several
reasons
for
this.
Notice
that
because
of
is
a
two-word
preposition
used
with
noun
phrases
(noun
or
pronoun),
while
because
is
a
conjunction
used
at
the
beginning
of
clauses
(subject
and
verb).
You
may
also
need
to
develop
you
ideas
by
providing
examples.
1. I
would
rather
visit
Paris
than
any
other
city
in
the
world
because
it
has
so
many
cultural
attractions.
For
example/
For
instance
the
Louvre
Museum
has
one
of
the
best
collections
in
the
world
2. I
decided
to
visit
Paris
because
of
its
great
museums.
A
good
example
of
this
is
The
Louvre
or
the
Louvre
is
a
good
example
of
this.
3. In
some
countries,
such
as
Portugal,
this
practice
is
quite
common.
You
should
not
use
the
phrase
for
example
or
for
instance
+
noun
as
a
complete
sentence:
INCORRECT:
I
would
rather
visit
Paris
than
any
other
city
in
the
world
because
it
has
so
many
cultural
attractions.
For
example
/
For
instance
the
Louvre
Museum.
You
can
also
support
a
general
idea
with
personal
experiences.
1. Some
people
support
the
idea
that
we
should
generally
do
A
before
we
do.
2. The
statement
says
that
C
is
true.
In
my
experience,
this
is
not
necessarily
true.
Experiences
from
my
own
life
support
this
idea.
3. How
can
we
learn
how
to
do
X?
For
me,
there
have
been
at
least
three
ways.
26
27
28
UNIT 5
COMPARATIVE AND CONTRASTIVE PARAGRAPH
Get Started
Read
the
following
passage.
What
aspect
should
be
put
in
comparative
and
contrastive
paragraphs?
What
is
meant
by
comparing
and
contrasting?
What
do
you
do
when
you
compare
two
things?
And
what
do
you
do
when
you
contrast
two
things?
29
30
Complete
the
table
below
by
using
the
information
from
the
text
above!
Similarities
DIfferences
31
32
WRITING
TASK
..
Compare and contrast the two buildings captured in the picture above!
..
UNIT 6
33
WORK DOCUMENT
What
is
work
document?
It
is
a
document
which
contains
technical
details.
Any
document
that
provides
steps
or
gives
instructions
to
carry
out
tasks.
What
does
a
workplace
document
function?
To
answer
this
question,
read
the
information
in
the
following
passage.
34
1. What
does
the
passage
mainly
discuss?
2. According
to
the
passage,
why
should
people
document?
3. What
can
documentation
prevent
people
from?
4. What
are
the
advantages
of
using
work
document?
GROUP
TASK
35
36
Here are some examples of workplace documents. Try to fill out the form or documents!
37
38
39
40
41
42
END TASK
Discuss
with
your
group
work,
supposed
you
are
the
director
in
a
company.
Try
to
make
a
workplace
document.
Choose
among
several
types
of
documents
above
(the
examples)!
43