Socket Steel-H pile

The foundation type in this project is socket steel H-pile foundation which is deep
foundation. It is installed by grouting the hole with cement after inserting H-piles into
pre-bored holes formed in bedrock.

Details of the designed pile

Cross-section of the designed pile

Cross-section of the steel-H

The diameter of the socket steel H-pile in this project is 550mm diameter and the
steel inserted is 305x305x223kg/m UPB. 30MPa non-shrink cement grout is used for
grouting through the 25mm diameter grout tube. Moreover, 50mm thick steel casing
is used to prevent the pre-bored hole from collapse.
Main construction method

A duplex system, which the rod and the casing are advanced together to dug the soil
out while the temporary casing prevent the soil surrounding from collapsing, will be
used.
First of all, a large reamer ream the soil out for the casing to slide down into the hole.
The reamer will reversely rotate in order to carry the soil out. When the rock head
level is encountered, a down-the-hole hammer is used changed to break up the
boulders. When enough depth in rock head level reaches, the hammer is removed
and grout is injected after the H-Steel is inserted.
Caution should be taken that the drill bit must be interlocked with the casing.

Installation of Socket H-pile

1. Predrill holes through soil layer and rock to identify the rock head levels.
2. Set out the exact location of each pile and confirm with the engineer on site
3. Drilling should be carried out down to 200mm below the top of the rock head level
and a steel casing is used to support the lateral of the hole.
4. Once rock head level is encountered, engineer should inspect the rock sample
retrieved.
5. A 550mm internal diameter rock hole shall be drilled to the defined rock socket
length (3300mm).
6. To clean the hole with water and compressed air to ensure the hole is free from
soil.
7. A steel H-pile is lowered into the hole.
8. The connection between segments of the H-piles and casing should be installed as
stated in the drawing.
9. The pile and the hole should be grouted with non-shrink cement grout.
10. Stop the grout operation when grout is flowing out of the top of the hole.
11. To remove the casing using vibration hammer after the grout fully formed.
Monitoring scheme
Monitoring scheme is set up to ensure the quality and progress of the project.
Verticality and alignment of the pile has to be check because the pile can only
function properly when it is construction as designed. Vibration and settlement caused
by the construction projects to the surrounding buildings may lead to a prohibition on
the projects. Therefore, relative monitoring measures should be taken to prevent
excessive impact occurring.

1. Verticality and alignment of the piles

Periodic checks on the verticality of casings should be carried out during

drilling

The casing is defined as non-vertical when its center deflection more than

75mm or 1o in any direction

When the casing is not vertical, the work should be stopped immediately

Rectification should be carried out immediately after the method for

improvement is approved by the manager

2. Vibration

Vibration check should be carried out frequently

Vibration check should be taken at sensitive areas on site by the RSE during the

piling works

Vibration check should be carried out at least once as day

The location of vibration check should be marked

Record of check should be kept on site and a copy should be summited to the

RSE for record

Whenever any check reaches the alert level, the engineer shall be informed,
 and the work shall be carried out with special caution

Whenever any check reaches the alarm level, the engineer should check

against the design and additional works should be carried out to improve the
situation
Type Alert level Alarm level Action level
Frequency 10m/s 12m/s 15m/s

3. Settlement

Settlement monitoring points should be marked and the its location should be

marked on the map

Settlement monitoring points should be checked and maintained frequently

Initial readings of the points should be summited to the RSE for record

Settlement monitoring point should be checked at least once a day

If any the difference of the reading of the settlement monitoring point is

significant, the RSE should be imformed

When the settlement reaches the alert level, the engineer shall be informed,

and the work shall be carried out with special caution

When the settlement reaches the alarm level, the engineer should check

against the design and additional works should be carried out to improve the
situation
Type Alert level Alarm level Action level
Settlement 12mm 15mm 25mm

Cross-section area of grout:

0.2375-0.0284=0.2092m2
Area of steel=0.0284m2
Portland cement= $739/ton
Steel= $4701/ton

Concretor= $1895.4/day
Structural steel welder= $1471.7/day
Construction plant mechanic= $1218.8
General workers and labourers = $915.7
Plant & equipment operator (load shifting)= $1129.1
Truck driver= $827.6

Cost:
Material cost:
Grout: 0.2092*20*3400/900*739*30= $350,424
Steel: 0.0284*20*8000/900*4701*30= $712,045
Type of Material Price($/ton) Amount(ton) Total Cost($)
Grout 739 15.81 350,424
Steel 4701 5.05 712,045

Machine cost:
Type of Rent Amount Duration Total cost($)
Machine
Towner crane $276,500/month 1 1 month 276,500
Air compressor $1000/day 1 12days 12,000
Hydraulic $80,000/month 1 1month 80,000
Drilling Rig
http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/China-Professional-Manufacturer-QTZ63-50
10-5tons_60239241700.html?spm=a2700.7724857.29.28.WsB9yq&s=p

Worker:
1: Construction plant mechanic=
[10m pile per 1 hours, 4hours working hours daily]
8*3*2/4(days) *1218.8= $14625.6
2: Concretor*2: [3pile a day]= 2[workers]*8[days]*1895.4=$30326.4
3: Structural steel welder*2: = [6pile a day]= 2*4*1471.7= $11773.6
4: General workers and labourers*2[cleaning soil during piling]=
2[workers]*8*3*2/4(days) *915.7= $10988.4
5: Plant & equipment operator (load shifting) [inserting H-Steel]1*4*1129.1=
$4516.4
6: Truck driver[transporting grout]= 2[workders]*8*827.6= $13241.6
7: Construction plant mechanic[air compressor]

Type of Worker Wage($/day) Number of Day Total wage

worker ($)
Construction 1218.8 1 12 14625.6
plant mechanic
controller
Concretor 1895.4 2 8 30326.4
Structural steel 1471.7 2 4 11773.6
welder
General workers 915.7 2 12 21976.8
and labourers
Plant & 1129.1 1 4 4516.4
equipment
operator
Truck driver 827.6 2 8 6620.8
Construction plant 1218.8 1 12 14625.6
mechanic

Total cost of pile construction: $1,535,434

Duration
For a group of people
Drilling
Assuming that 4hours working hours is allowed under the code of noise for piling
project and 10 meters depth can be drilled.
Total day for drilling: 8*3*2/4= 12days
Installation of H-steel and grouting are carried out after the drilling. 3 piles can be
constructed by one group of people per day.

Total day for installation of piles: 24/3=3days

 Foundation

Monitoring Piling

Alignment Noise Settlement Pile Casing

Grouting Welding Driving Welding

Cleaning
Soil