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Edward de Bono

presented by
Shima kameli

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Why we need new thinking about thinking
Correcting some of the generally held misconceptions about
thinking:
Information and thinking
Intelligence and thinking
Reactive and proactive thinking
Critical thinking
Creative thinking
Lateral thinking

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Information and thinking:

thinking is no substitute for information but


information may be a substitute for thinking.

When knowledge is complete there is no need


for thinking.
For creativity, design, enterprise and doing
anything new, we need thinking.

Information is not enough. We do need


thinking as well. We need thinking in order to
even better use of information. 3
Intelligence and thinking :
The belief that intelligence and thinking are the same has led to
two unfortunate conclusion in education:
I. That nothing needs to be done for students with a high
intelligence .
II. That nothing can be done for students without a high
intelligence.
thinking is the operation skill with which intelligence acts
upon experience.
intelligence trap
Many highly intelligent people often take up a view on a
subject and then use their intelligence to defend that view.
Since they can defend the view they never see any need to
explore the subject or listen to alternative views.
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situation seeing judging

situation seeing exploring judging

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Does thinking have to be difficult?
We dont have to give people the tasks which are too
difficult for them to do, to develop their thinking.
Tasks that are almost impossible destroy confidence. that is
why so many people are turned off thinking. there is no joy
of performing if you can not perform.

The belief that if you can do very difficult things then you
can also do all things that are less difficult is not supported
by human experience.

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Reactive and proactive thinking
Reactive thinking: in school it is very practical to put work-
sheets, textbooks and blackboard text in front of students. The
students are then asked to react to what is before them. For these
practical reasons almost all the thinking taught in school is
reactive. (Here is something-what do you think of it?)

Pro-active thinking: real life involves a great deal of pro-


active thinking. This means going out and doing things. (All the
information is not given- you have to find it.)

It is not the fault of education that pro-active thinking is not


so easy to handle as the reactive thinking. But it is the fault
of education to suppose that reactive thinking is sufficient.
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Critical thinking:
Traditional thinking puts all the emphasis on critical thinking,
argument, analysis and logic. These are very important but are only a
part of thinking and are not sufficient.

Many schools believe that is sufficient to teach critical thinking. They


do this because it fits in with the usual emphasis on reactive thinking
and also the traditional view of thinking.

In addition to critical thinking we need thinking that is constructive


and creative.

Criticism is very much easier than creation.

Critical thinking is a process of thinking.


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Creative thinking
Traditionally we have been concerned mainly with reactive
thinking(reacting to what is put before you). But there is a whole
other side of thinking(pro-active) involves getting out and doing
things happen. It requires thinking that is constructive, creative and
generative.

2 reasons why we have neglected creative thinking:


I. We have considered creative thinking to be a mystical gift.
II. We think that every valuable creative idea must always be logical in
hindsight

If we want to be more creative then we have to develop some


specific thinking techniques. These techniques form part of lateral
thinking.
Creative thinking is product of thinking, which produce original
ideas 9
Lateral thinking
You cannot dig a hole in a different place by digging the same
hole dipper.

Lateral thinking is a skill for changing concepts and perceptions.

Critical thinking is primarily concerned with judging the true


value of statements and seeking errors. Lateral thinking is more
concerned with the movement value of statements and ideas. A
person would use lateral thinking when she/ he wants to move
from one known idea to creating new ideas

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Attitudes towards the skill of thinking
Attitudes affect our whole approach to thinking.
Bad attitudes:

i. Thinking is not important. Gut feeling is all that matters.


ii. Thinking is boring and confusing and never gets anywhere.
iii. I find all problems too difficult.
iv. Thinking is only for academics and intellectuals.
v. I find thinking very easy. You just look at something and make up your mind
about it.
vi. I find that I am always right. I have no trouble defending my ideas.
vii. The main purpose of thinking is to prove that those who disagree with you
are wrong.
viii. There is one right answer and anyone who can not see it must be stupid.

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Good attitudes:

i. Everyone has to think- everyone can think.

ii. Thinking is a skill that can be developed.

iii. I am a thinker.

i. I can get better and better at thinking.

ii. Things that appear complicated at first can often be made more simple.

iii. Take one step at a time.

iv. Separate your ego from your thinking. Look at your thinking objectively.

v. The purpose of thinking is not to be right all the time.

vi. Listening and learning is a key part of thinking.


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Attitudes about the nature of thinking
i. Thinking should be constructive, not negative.
ii. Explore a subject instead of arguing about it.
iii. The other party in an argument usually has something
useful and constructive to say, if you make the effort to
pick this out. People with differing points of view are
usually right according to their own special perception.
iv. Do not be afraid to try out ideas.
v. At any point of thinking there may be alternatives that
you have not yet thought of.
vi. Avoid dogmatism even when you do feel that you are
right.
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The six thinking hats
Doing a lot of different things at the same time is always difficult
and confusing. In our thinking we often try to do too much at the
same time.( It is no wonder that we sometimes get confused.)

The six thinking hats is a method for doing one sort of thinking at
a time.

The six-hats method is really an attention -directing tool, because


it directs our attention towards certain aspects and towards a
certain type of thinking.(red hat feeling)

The example for six thinking hats operation is full- color printing
on paper.
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Why hats?
Hats often define a role we are playing at the moment.

Hats can easily be put on and taken off. A hat is not


permanently attached to you.

The hats are not categories. Instead of labeling people and


putting them into boxes the hats are there to encourage
people to use all types of thinking.

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White-hat thinking
The white hat means neutral information. It is not a matter of argument
or making suggestions. White-hat thinking focuses directly on the
available information.
What information do we have and what information is missing?

Red- hat thinking


The red hat is for emotions, feelings, hunches, and intuition.
I dont like this idea.....I have this hunch that he is going to be a great tennis player...

Information and feeling:


There are times when the white hat and the red hat can get quite close.
When we are looking forward into the future we can never be certain,
so we are guessing or extrapolating.
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In a way the red hat is the opposite of the white hat. The white hat
seeks to put down the objective facts and is not interested in what
anyone feels about them- facts are facts. the red hat is not interested
in the facts but only in peoples feelings.

Feelings are a very important part of thinking. Feelings come into


thinking all the time. We seek to be objective but are rarely
objective. In the end all choices or decisions are based on feelings.

Feelings are valuable so long as we label them as feelings. The red


hat provides a clear label.

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Black-hat thinking
The black hat is certainly the most used off all the hats. In some
ways it is also the most valuable of the hats. It prevents us from
making mistakes and doing silly things.
The black hat is concerned with truth and reality. It is the hat of
critical thinking.
Is it true? Will it work? What are the dangers and problems?

Yellow-hat thinking
With yellow hat we are concerned with benefits.
The yellow hat is looking forward into the future, and also looking
backwards into the past.
If we do this, then these benefits will arise..
This thing happened, there were some good effects..

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notes
The black hat is used for judgment, assessment and criticism. It
prevents mistakes and errors and lead to the improvement of ideas.

Both the black hat and the yellow hat are forms of judgment.

Both hats have to be entirely logical. With both hats there have to be
strong reasons for what you say.

If there are no reasons you should be using the red hat, because a
statement without reasons is a feeling or intuition.
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Green-hat thinking
The green hat is the active hat. It is the hat for creative
thinking. It is concerned with proposals and suggestions.

Green hat covers both uses of the word creative .


i. Bringing something about or making something happen.
This is similar to constructive thinking.
ii. New ideas, new alternatives, new solutions, new inventions.
The emphasis is on newness.
What can be done?
What other possible explanations might there be?

The white hat lays out the information. The red hat allows
feelings to be put forward. The black and yellow hats deal
with logical assessment. So it falls to the green hat to be the
action hat under which ideas are put forward. 20
Blue hat thinking
With blue-hat thinking you are thinking about thinking.

The blue hat is the overview. It is the process control.


with all the other hats we think about the subject matter,
but with the blue hat we think about our thinking.

What has happened?


What is happening?
What should happen next?

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The green hat and the blue hat are opposites in the
sense that the green hat is full of energy and the freedom
of thinking in any direction whereas the blue hat is
concerned with the control and direction of the thinking
process.

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Even a single thinking habit or tool
taken from this comprehensive book
may strongly affect the
future of your
child.
Teach your child how to think.
Do not wait for school to do it.
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